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Prototype SST-‐GATE et projet de pe1ts télescopes pour CTA
Hélène Sol, Delphine Dumas, Philippe Laporte, Jean-‐Laurent Dournaux, Jean-‐Michel Huet, Jean-‐Philippe Amans, Gilles Fasola, Fa1ma de Frondat, Cameron Rulten, Frédéric Sayède, Andreas Zech, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Paris VII. LUTH et GEPI et collaborateurs de l’équipe SST-‐GATE,
Simon Blake, Jürgen Schmoll University of Durham et collaborateurs de l’équipe CHEC
Atelier « Astrophysique des Très Hautes Energies et Perspec:ves pour CTA, Paris, 30 juin – 1er juillet 2014
Domaines de recherche
• Astrophysique des très hautes énergies : étude de l’univers tumultueux, variable, énergé1que, non-‐thermique -‐ dont accélérateurs cosmiques, objets compacts, environnement des trous noirs, tests de physique fondamentale …
• SST-‐GATE = un « Small Size Telescope », adapté à l’explora1on des énergies les plus extrêmes, au-‐delà de quelques TeV jusqu’au-‐delà de 100 TeV, domaine quasi inexploré à ce jour et poten1ellement porteur de découvertes.
• Cibles principales des SST : Sources galac1ques, non affectées par l’EBL, et sources extragalac1ques proches ou très brillantes
• Analyse et nature des coupures aux très hautes énergies, recherche de nouvelles composantes spectrales (hadroniques …), maximum d’accéléra1on, par1cules primaires (de référence avant effet de cascades), élargissement du domaine spectral
Le télescope SST-‐GATE sur le site de Meudon
Camera
Mirror M1
Azimuth Structure
Mast and Truss Structure MTS
Mirror M2
Dish M1
Elevation Structure
Tower
Counterweight
Fork
Structure op1que
• Dual mirror optical design • Focal surface in between M1 and M2 • Very good PSF on axis
Mirror M2
Mirror M1
Focal surface
3.56 m0.51 m
Optical design composed of two mirrors and a camera
Evolution of the PSF with the FoV
angular size of a 6 mm pixel
PSF (80% containment diameter) versus field angle from simulations with sim_telarray ("star" option). Cross-checks have been made with ZEMAX and ROBAST.
SST-GATE: simulations of the optical system (O.Hervet, A. Zech)
PSF (80% containment circle in red) from simulations with sim_telarray for a point source at 5 km.
on-axis 1 deg 2 deg
3 deg 4 deg
Le site de Meudon
-‐ Etude géologique (2011) -‐ Fonda1ons -‐ Dome (shelter) -‐ Armoire électrique -‐ Cablages -‐ Salle de contrôle afribuée par l’Observatoire de Paris dans un bâ1ment proche (2013) -‐ Nécessité d’aménagements de l’environnement immédiat du site (demande en cours)
Counterweight Call of tender with MTS
Drive system (bottom dish, tubes, top dish)
Delivery expected at the end of July 2014 for mechanical parts Accessories delivered
Bosshead & Fork Delivered
Tower & Foundations Already installed
J.M. Huet
Le prototype SST-‐GATE: en cours de construc1on
Miroir M2 Call of tender published week 26 of 2014 Industrialization & tools due at the end of July 2014.
Realization due for October 2014
CHEC Caméra fournie par l’équipe CHEC Interfaces (mechanics, electronics, power, cooling) studied
MTS (bottom dish, tubes, top dish)
Call of tender expected during July 2014 Need of adjustment after final FEA simulations
Miroir M1 Panels machined Delivery expected at the end of July after polishing and coating
Dish M1 Call of tender with MTS
Support M1 Structure studied, Actuators on progress Delivery expected for October
8
Structure mécanique : simula1ons FEA, analyse aux éléments finis • FEA Simula1ons
– The latest version of FE model is based on the version of the mechanical with three arms to support CHEC but with the new counterweight.
– Winch for camera removal system, electronic cabinet and the camera are modeled by concentrated masses.
– M1 is considered in its configura1on CTA (trapezoidal panels), this assump1on overes1mates the efforts upwind prototype GATE. The panels are modeled by an equivalent 2D model.
– M2 is modeled by a 3D shell model – This model is available in different versions depending on the eleva1on angle.
J.L. Dournaux
July 2ndh GCT review - Heidelberg 9
• FEA Simula1ons
– the performance of the telescope parking posi1on are evaluated from the FE model at 0 ° with addi1onal condi1ons limits on 2 points of the MTS Top Dish.
– Actual condi1ons fixing the telescope by 16 bolts M20 are taken into account.
– The model for the crown is derived from a lineariza1on near their area of opera1on.
Le miroir primaire M1 : segmenté en 6 panneaux
Prototype de Meudon: panneaux réduits
Télescopes de CTA: panneaux complets
PSF: Taille inchangée mais ailes sombres Surface effec1ve: de 10 m2 à 6.8 m2 Impact important sur le coût de fabrica1on d’un pe1t nombre
de panneaux (taille des équipements d’industrialisa1on). Fabrica1on en 3 étapes : usinage, polissage, coa1ng.
PSF – 80% containment radius : la réduc1on des panneaux a peu d’effet sur la PSF moyenne
FOV angle (degrees)0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
PSF
(arc
min
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7SST-GATE PSF - full mirror.
SST-GATE PSF - M1 petal width = 1600 mm.
SST-GATE PSF - M1 petal width = 1380 mm.
Simulated PSF of SST-GATE for different Primary mirrors
C. Rulten
Panneau de M1: concep1on
Tests sur de pe-ts échan-llons: Usinage raidisseurs avant polissage après polissage
Simula1ons FEA pour structure arrière
Structure arrière et raidisseurs
Procédure d’alignement complexe
• Alignement de l’axe op1que avec l’axe mécanique • Alignement du M1, panneau par panneau • Alignement du M2 (actuateurs) • Alignement de la caméra • Nécessite de nombreux éléments d’équipement (lasers, lunefe, caméra, pièces mécaniques …)
• Banc op1que de test au GEPI (au 1/10)
Exemple : alignement du M1
Simulation d’une image de taille de 1 pixel (ici 4 mm x 4 mm), avec des erreurs prises à l’intérieur des tolérances.
Exemple de tolérances sur les performances op1ques du M1
Tolérances pour un M1 supposé monolithique.
Error Surface Tolerance
Distance devia-on M1 to M2 +/-‐ 5 mm
M2 to detector array (+/-‐ 5 mm) (*)
Surface waviness M1 20 μm rms M2 50 μm rms
Surface irregularity M1 1 μm rms M2 1 μm rms
Radius devia-on M1 +/-‐ 10 mm M2 +/-‐ 3 mm detector array +/-‐ 3 mm
Element decenter M1 +/-‐ 5 mm M2 +/-‐ 5 mm detector array +/-‐ 5 mm
Element -lt M1 +/-‐ 0.14˚ M2 +/-‐ 0.14˚ detector array +/-‐ 0.14˚
Tolérances pour un M1 segmenté : plus strictes, car si l’alignement n’est pas suffisamment précis, de mul1ples images de forment
Error Surface Tolerance
Element decenter M1 +/-‐ 2 mm M2 +/-‐ 2 mm
Element -lt M1 +/-‐ 1' M2 +/-‐ 3' detector array +/-‐ 5'
Tolérances estimées à partir de 8000 simulations MC avec des paramètres libres dans un domaine de valeurs (distance deviation, surface waviness and irregularity, radius deviation, element decenter, element tilt) - PSF < 4x4mm en dessous de 3.7° de FoV (pixel de 6x6 mm) - Selon les spécifications de CTA (Values integrated in the error budget which includes all parameters).
Premières simula1ons de gerbes atmosphériques observables sur le site de Meudon
Gerbe hadronique, due à un proton de 100 TeV (A. Zech)
Gerbe électromagné1que, due à un photon de 10 TeV (A. Zech)
Agenda du prototype SST-‐GATE
• Eté 2014: fabrica1on des miroirs • Août -‐ novembre 2014: équipement du banc de tests op1ques et tests du M2 et des premiers panneaux du M1
• Août -‐ octobre 2014: construc1on MTS et dishes, achat équipement métrologie, électronique et alignement
• Automne 2014 : assemblage du télescope • Novembre 2014 -‐ février 2015: tests du télescope, alignement, op1misa1on, valida1on, mise en réseau
• 2015 : fin d’aménagement et sécurisa1on du site • Début des travaux d’op1misa1on du design pour les télescopes « premiers de série » pour CTA
Organisa1on Management -‐ The organisa1on:
-‐ PI and Management team (PM, system engineer, quality) -‐ WP (mechanical, FEA, op1c, so{ware) -‐ Collabora1on (UK, DT-‐INSU)
-‐ Organiza1on has to evolved to the recent “GCT project”, GATE CHEC telescope or Gamma Compact Telescope, including the SST-‐GATE and the CHEC teams, to fit the new GCT collabora1on.
100SST-GATE Project (PI)
110Project Management
120Project Science
130Instrument
Science
140System
Engineering
150Product Assurance
Management
160MAIT
200Civil Engineering
210 – Sites Studies220 – Foundations & Trenches
400Telescope
Structure Mechanics
410 – FE Validation420 – Mechanical Design
300Telescope Optics
310 – Optical Design320 – R&D Mirrors Manufacturing
170Maintenance
700Focal Plane instrumentation
710 – Detectors Design720 – Thermal Control
500Alignment
510 – R&D Actuators520 – Design530 – Alignment Procedure Definition
610 – Mechanical Design620 – Electronic Design
600Telescope Drives
900Telescope Control command
800Shelter
810 – R&D820 – Mechanical Design
Co-development with collaboration
Collaboration
SST-GATE team
Projet “GCT” pour CTA Construc1on costs: -‐ Constantly upda1ng with quota1ons and calls of tender. Befer view
in September 2014. -‐ Structure and mirrors: manufactured in industry -‐ Mirror tests : ins1tutes for the prototype but probably in industry for
CTA. -‐ Pre-‐assembly : at least par1ally in Europe
Schedule -‐ 2015-‐2016: 3 pre-‐produc1on telescopes for mini-‐array par1cipa1on
-‐ Will ask for funding for mechanical structures + mirrors ~ 1.5 M€ (Fr)
-‐ 2017-‐2021: par1cipa1on in CTA array by 10 to 30 telescopes -‐ Apply for about 5.5 M€ in France for mechanical structures + mirrors of
a number of SST to be confirmed by the GCT collabora1on -‐ Contribu1on expected from other countries, especially the ones
involved in CHEC (UK, Allemagne, Pays-‐Bas, Australie, Japon, US) for cameras and structures
Plans Management -‐ The PBS and the WBS:
-‐ PBS of SST-‐GATE developped. -‐ The SST-‐GATE and CHEC ones have to be updated to
become the GCT’s ones. -‐ Mee1ngs are foreseen to prepare them
-‐ Schedule
-‐ End of 2014: end of SST-‐GATE construc1on. -‐ Start 2015: performance tests and assessment phase. -‐ Fall 2015: launch of the calls for tender for 3 GCT telescopes. -‐ Fall 2016: delivering of the element on site (in the frame of the mini-‐
array). -‐ Mid-‐2017: GCT telescopes mounted and tested. -‐ 2017: calls for tender for the array’s GCT. -‐ 2018: delivering of the first GCT on site. -‐ 2020: all GCTs opera1onal.
Plans Milestones -‐ Major milestones could be:
-‐ Fall 2014: end of construc1on of GCT. -‐ S1 2015: test of the prototype, assessment phase. -‐ Summer 2015: review of the GCT design. -‐ Automn 2015: choice of the prime for the construc1on of GCT for CTA.
-‐ Start 2016: call for tender for the “GCT mini array”. -‐ Mid 2017: acceptance of the GCT units for the mini array. -‐ 2020: end of acceptance phase of the GCT units for CTA.
Equipes impliquées • LUTH et GEPI de l’OP, en par1culier le pôle instrumental, avec J.L.
Dournaux, D. Dumas, J.M. Huet, P. Laporte et al • DIL de l’OP (ingénierie civile) et DIO (raccord au réseau informa1que du
télescope et de la salle de contrôle) • DT-‐INSU (contrôle-‐commande) • IRFU/CEA (miroirs) • CPPM, Univ. Marseille (simula1ons)
• Labos de CTA interna1onal : en par1culier UK (Durham, Leicester + labos CHEC) et Italie (INAF, Brera …)
• Partenariat avec des industriels (Alsyom, polissage du Loir, Kerdry, Na1onal Instruments, chaudronnerie de l’Ourcq, MTA, AMBOS, CHAMPALLE, groupe ALCEN, …)
• APC, Univ. Paris 7 (projet de connec1on au réseau de scin1llateurs, MUTIN)
Two S-‐C SST prototypes currently under construc1on in France and in Italy
On-‐going collabora1on to op1mize common procedures and sub-‐components for the SST array
SST-GATE ASTRI
Validation d’un concept de télescope novateur
en astronomie Cherenkov et optimisation
Projet fédérateur, visibilité auprès de la communauté scientifique
Formation des jeunes chercheurs
et actions grand public
Etape essentielle vers le réseau de petits télescopes de CTA
Intérêt stratégique et économique
July 2ndh GCT review - Heidelberg 25
Plans Construc1on Plans -‐ Prototype manufacturing plan:
-‐ Mainly manufacturing of steel (structure) aluminium (mirrors)
-‐ COTS elements for drive system and actuators…
-‐ The prototype tests may show that changes can be done: -‐ From 2 to 1 motors for the AAS, simplifica1on of the AAS drive by
using more precise slew bearing. -‐ Some components may be molded (in the AAS structure or MTS
bars). -‐ M1 petals size from circular to trapezoidal shape.
PBS Manufacturing solu1on Material
Tower SST-‐TOW Welding Mechanical construc1on steels (grade E36)
AAS Machining Mainly stainless steel some elements in Inox
MTS Machining / Welding Mechanical construc1on steels (grade E36 or A60)
Dish M1 Machining / Welding Mechanical construc1on steels (grade E36 or A60)
M1 Machining / polishing / coa1ng Aluminium 5083 H111
M2 Machining / polishing / coa1ng Aluminium 5083 H111
Camera removal Machining / Welding Mechanical construc1on steels (grade E36 or A60)
S u p p o r t o f actuators for M1 Machining / Welding Aluminium 6060
Counterweight Machining / Welding / Molding
Mechanical construc1on steels (grade E36 or A60) / Lead
GCT review – Heidelberg – July 2014
Safety risks
Func1on Poten1al Failure Mode RPN Ac1on
Protect human versus motors and gear
Fingers can be caught by the movement of motors or gears or bearing
6 Forbid the access to motors or gears or bearing while they are working, foresee sensors to inform the open access to motor or gear
Protect human versus telescope systems
Human hazard with moveable telescope element 6
Display risks incurred and measures to be taken (helmet, gloves ...) next to the telescope
Protect human versus electronics systems of the telescope
Electric shock hazard 4 circuit breakers.
Protect human versus drives systems Risk of human injury 4
provide interlocks and forbidden access to electronics to no educated persons
Control all moves of the telescope Safety PLC failure 4 regular tes1ng and inspec1on Protect human and telescope systems regarding risk of fire
Risk of fire in the shelter will d amage t h e t e l e s cope elements
4 Standard M2 for the shelter, idem for wires
support the mass of the telescope Risk of flooding 3 Protec1on of the telescope by
the slab
Few major risks in the design