Protein Synthesis

• What cell parts or cellular activities does this incorporate?

• DNA and RNA are major players.

• Nucleus, ribosome, nucleolus, cytoplasm

• What is a protein?

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/tour_protein.html

DNA holds the copy of Genes• What is a gene?• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/tour_

gene.html• Activity Decoding DNA.• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/transc

ribe/• Transcription happens first (how / where?)• Translation happens second (how / where?)• What is a codon?

- a three nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid.

Transcription

• Where: In the nucleus, mRNA copies a gene on DNA, using RNA polymerase.

• The strand is read in a 3’ 5’ direction.

• Begins at a promoter and ends at a terminator.

Transcription

• Transcription:

• http://www-class.unl.edu/biochem/gp2/m_biology/animation/gene/gene_a2.html

Translation• (yes, like interpreting a language)• You need a ribosome to do the work.• Where: at a ribosome in the cytoplasm:

– Ribosomal Large subunits P and A and small subunit

• Translation:• Animation of Translation:• http://vcell.ndsu.nodak.edu/animations/• Codon Sheet:

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/protsyn/fg9.html This is a key to decoding mRNA

What can scientists do with this information?

• Early Genetic Engineering.

• (second video in the list)

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter16/animations.html#

• Translation:• Codon Sheet:

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/protsyn/fg9.html

• http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/dna/

• General Animations:• http://science.nhmccd.edu/BioL/ap1int.htm#protein