Protein Synthesis and Protein Folding

Remember proteins?What are their monomers?

Amino Acids – 20 to choose from

Where are they synthesized in the cell?Ribosomes (poke your ribs!)

What are some functions of proteins?

Antibodies, Enzymes, Muscle fibers, growth, storage

Amino Acids

How do the amino acids know their

order?DNA (***common genetic

code!!!) codes for proteinsDNA uses sequences of 3

bases called codons to tell the ribosome what amino acid comes next

DNA – its your instructions!

Proteins and their function

In order for proteins to be able to function they must be folded correctly (we say have the correct conformation)

4 levels of protein folding

Levels of Protein folding

Primary – a strand of amino acids

Secondary – amino acid chain doubles back on itself linked by H bonds

Alpha (α) helix or Beta (β) pleated sheet

Levels of Protein folding

Levels of Protein folding

Tertiary - α helix and βsheets fold onto themselves to make a 3D structure.

This is the final structure of some proteins

Level of protein folding

Quaternary – several tertiary proteins bonded together

Working form of most proteins