Protected!Plant!Flora!Survey,!Impact!Management! Plan!and ... · Table&of&Contents& 1.0&Document&Guide& 3& 1.1#Application#Requirements# 3# 1.2#Assessment#of#Proposed#Clearing# 3#

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August&2017&!

This!report!was!prepared!for!Omya!Australia!(Bajool)!

by!

Central!Queensland!Environmental!Surveys!

376!Coorooman!Creek!Road,!Cawarral,!Q!4702!

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Contributors:!Dr!Alistair!Melzer!(Central!Queensland!Environmental!Surveys),!Mr!Ian!Denley!(Denley!Environmental)!

Acknowledgements:!Denley!Environmental!provided!GIS,!IT,!mapping!support!and!figures.!The!primary!GIS!for!the!protected!plants!surveys!is!held!by!Denley!Environmental.!!Unless!otherwise!attributed,!all!photos!are!by!Alistair!Melzer.

Central&Queensland&Environmental&Surveys!

Protected!Plant!Flora!Survey,!Impact!Management!Plan!and!Offset!Proposal.! !

Waste!Rock!Emplacement!Area!Expansion!Project!!MLA!80671!!Omya!Australia!Pty!Ltd,!Bajool!Marble!Mine!

Central&Queensland&Environmental&Survey&!

Table&of&Contents&1.0&Document&Guide& 3&

1.1#Application#Requirements# 3#1.2#Assessment#of#Proposed#Clearing# 3#1.3#Impact#Management# 3#1.4#Information#in#support#of#a#determination# 3#

1.4.1!Landholder!concent! 3!1.4.2!Purpose!of!clearing! 3!1.4.3!Flora!survey!requirements! 4!1.4.4!Flora!survey!requirements! 4!1.4.5!Flora!survey!report! 4!1.4.6!Impact!management!plan! 4!1.4.7!Impact!management!strategies! 5!1.4.8!Justification! 5!

2.0&Introduction& 6&2.1#Purpose# 6#2.2#Content#of#the#report# 6#2.3#Location# 6#2.4#Purpose#of#Clearing# 8#2.5#Area#of#Impact# 8#2.6#Date#of#Works.# 9#2.7#Flora#Survey#Trigger#Map# 9#2.8#Flora#Survey#Requirements# 9#2.9#Qualifications#of#persons#undertaking#the#survey# 9#2.10#Survey#Timing#&#Justification# 9#

2.10.1#Cycas#ophiolitica! 10!2.10.2#Cycas#megacarpa! 10!2.10.3#Cossinia#australiana! 10!2.10.4#Marsdenia#brevifolia! 10!

3.0&Methods&–&Destop&Study& 11&3.1#Threatened#species#databases# 11#3.2#Desktop#vegetation#assessment# 11#

4.0&Methods&–&Field&Work& 11&4.1#Protected#Species#Field#Search#Method# 11#4.2#Vegetation#Descriptions# 11#4.3#Survey#Effort# 12#

5.0&Results& 12&5.1#Regional#Ecosystems# 12#5.2#Essential#Habitat# 13#5.3#Protected#Plants#Trigger#Map# 14#5.4#Database#Results# 14#

5.4.1!Queensland!State!Searches! 14!

Central&Queensland&Environmental&Survey&

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5.4.2!The!EPBC!Protected!Matters!Search!Tool!results!(Commonwealth!searches)! 14!5.5#Likelihood#analysis# 15#

5.5.1!Cycas#megacarpa! 15!5.5.2!Cycas#ophiolitica! 15!5.5.3!Cossinia#australiana! 16!5.5.4!Marsdenia#brevifolia! 16!

5.6#Likelihood#analysis#results# 16#5.7#Site#Vegetation# 17#

5.7.1#Eucalyptus#crebra,!Corymbia#spp.!open!forest! 18!5.7.2#Eucalyptus#crebra,!Corymbia#spp.!shrubby!open!forest! 18!5.7.3!Dry!rainforest! 18!

5.8#Protected#Flora#Survey#Results# 18#

6.0&Impact&Management&Plan& 19&6.1#Threats# 19#

6.1.1!Impacts!from!the!proposed!project!and!their!significance!to!Cycas#megacarpa! 19!6.1.2!Survival!of!the!species!in!the!wild! 19!

6.2#Impact#Management# 20#6.2.2!Impact!mitigation! 20!6.2.3!Remediation! 21!6.2.4!Offsetting! 21!

6.3#Jusification#of#adopted#management#strategy# 23#6.3.1!Overview!of!the!success!of!the!translocation!and!propagation!approach!elsewhere.! 24!

6.4#Performance#Criteria# 24#

7.0&Conclusions& 27&

Bibliography& 28&

Appendix&1&Vegetation&Management&Supporting&Map&and&Essential&Habitat& 31&

Appendix&2&Protected&Plant&Flora&Survey&Trigger&Map& 33&

Appendix&3&Wildlife&Online&results& 34&

Appendix&4&Commonwealth&Protected&Matters& 35&

Appendix&5&Wells&Rock&Expansion&Area& 47&

Appendix&6&Cycas&megacarpa&Map& 48&

Appendix&7&Vegetation&Communities&Map& 49&

Appendix&8&GPS&Track&Logs& 50&

Appendix&9&Vegetation&Plot&Results&and&Species&Lists& 51&

Appendix&10&Authors&CV’s& 61&

Appendix&11&Cycas&megacarpa&translocation&methodology& 77&11.1!Excavation!and!Translocation! 77!11.2!Transplanting! 77!11.3!Monitoring!and!Reporting! 78!

Appendix&12&Propagation&of&Cycas&megacarpa& 79&


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12.1!Collection!of!propagules! 79!12.2!Propagation!methodology! 79!12.3!Monitoring!and!Reporting! 79!

Appendix&13&General&planting&site&management& 80&13.1!Erosion!control! 80!13.2!Weeds!management! 80!13.3!Pest!management! 80!13.4!Fire!management! 80!13.5!Protection!from!mechanical!damage!and!indirect!impacts! 80!

Appendix&14&Ecology&and&Population&Dynamics&of&Cycas&megacarpa& 81&14.1#Introduction# 81#14.2#Ecology#and#Natural#History# 82#14.3#Threatening#Processes# 86#14.4#References# 87#

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1.0&Document&Guide&The! approach! taken! in! this! report! takes! account! of! the! Queensland! Flora! Survey! Guidelines! (EHP!2016),! and! the! State!Methodology! For! Survey!And!Mapping!Of! Plant! Communities! (Neldner!et# al.!2017).!This! report!should!be!read! in!conjunction!with!the!reports!on!the!assessment!of!matters!of!State! and! Commonwealth! environmental! significance! (Melzer! and! Denley! 2016)! and! the! targeted!search! significant! fauna.! (Melzer! et# al.! 2017),! as! well! as! the! DEHP! Protected! Plants! Assessment!Guide.!

1.1&Application&Requirements&This!report!supports!an!application!to!clear!EVNT!plant!species.!It!includes:!

(1) A!copy!of!the!flora!survey!trigger!map!in!relation!to!the!clearing!(Appendix&2);!(2) A!site!plan!showing!the!boundaries!of!the!site!and!significant!features!(Appendix&5),!existing!

vegetation!(Appendix&7),!and!the!EVNT!plant!species!to!be!removed!(Appendix&6);!(3) A!flora!survey!report!(Sections&2&to&5&of&this&report)!consistent!with!the!DEHP!Flora!Survey!

Guidelines,!as!the!clearing!is!to!occur!within!a!high!risk!area;!(4) An! impact!management!Plan! (Section& 6& of& this& report),! developed! in! accordance!with! the!

DEHP!Protected!Plants!Assessment!Guidelines!(May!2014).!

1.2&Assessment&of&Proposed&Clearing&The! Bajool! Marble! Mine! is! located! wholly! within! the! known! habitat! and! distribution! of! Cycas#megacarpa.! As! a! consequence! it! is! not! possible! to! operate,! or! further! develop! the!mine,!without!some! impact!on!EVNT!plants!or! their!habitat.!As! a! result! every!effort!has!been!made! to!minimize!damage,!and!to!apply!a!suite!of!mitigation!measures!so!as!to!ensure!that!there!is!no!net!loss!of!Cycas#megacarpa.!These!measures!are!described!within!the!Impact!Management!Plan!(Section&6).!The!plan!was!developed!with!reference!to!the!DEHP!Protected!Plants!Assessment!Guidelines!(May!2014).!

The!Flora!Survey!Report!(Sections&2&–&5)!preceeds!the!Impact!Management!Plan.!It!was!developed!in!accorcance!with!the!DEHP!Flora!Survey!Guidelines.!

1.3&Impact&Management&Impacts! on! EVNT! plants! are! unavoidable! if! the! Bajool! Marble! Mine! is! to! continue! to! operate! or!further!develop! its!resources.!Consequently,!an! Impact!Management!Plan!has!been!developed!and!forms! part! of! this! report! (Section& 6).! The! extent! and! significance! of! the! impact! are! described! in!Section& 6.1.1.! Opportunities! to! avoid! and/or! minimise! the! impact! are! addressed! in! Section& 6.2.!Although!a!set!of!mitigation!measures!for!the!species!and!its!supporting!habitat!are!proposed,! it! is!considered! that! a! residual! impact!will! remain.! Consequently! an!offset! is! proposed! (Section& 6.2.4).!This! is! a! proposal! that! is! clearly! separate! from,! and! in! addition! to,! the! other! proposed! impact!management!activities.!

1.4&Information&in&support&of&a&determination&

1.4.1&Landholder&concent&Landholder!concent!will!be!attached!with!the!permit!application!documentation.!

1.4.2&Purpose&of&clearing&The!purpose!of!clearing!is!described!in!Section&2.4.!


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1.4.3&Flora&survey&requirements&The!flora!survey!trigger!map!has!been!checked,!and!is!appended!in!Appendix&2.!

1.4.4&Flora&survey&requirements&A!flora!survey!has!been!undertaken!of!the!proposed!clearing!area!in!accordance!with!the!flora!survey!guidelines.!This!document!includes!a!report!of!that!survey.!

The!survey!was!conducted!by!suitably!qualified!people.!Their!qualifications!are!discussed!in!Section&2.9!and!CV’s!are!appended!in!Appendix&10.!

The!timing!of!the!survey!is!appropriate!for!these!distinctive,!perennial!species.!Timing!is!discussed!in!Section&2.10.!

The! presence! or! absence! of! the! target! species! has! been! identified! through!Wildnet! searches! and!through!intensive!survey!effort.!The!results!of!the!survey!are!given!in!Section&5.8.!

A!timed!meander!survey!was!applied!to!this!site.!The!track! log!and!the! location!of! identified!EVNT!plants! is! shown! in!Appendix& 8.! The! survey! identified! three! distinct! plant! assemblages.! These! are!described! in!Section& 5.7.!A!vegetation!map! is!provided! in!Appendix& 7.!Associated!species! lists!and!plot!data!are!shown!in!Appendix&9.!

All! EVNT!plants!within! the!direct! impact! area!were! located! and!mapped.! The! count! is! reported! in!Section&5.7.!The!location!of!these!plants!is!shown!in!Appendix&6&and!Appendix&8.!

Quadrat!surveys!were!undertaken!within!each!mapped!plant!community.!The!plot!coordinates!and!associated!data!are!shown!in!Apppendix&9.!

1.4.5&Flora&survey&report&This!document!incorporates!a!flora!survey!report.!This!report!includes:!

(a) A!list!of!EVNT!species!identified!within!the!clearing!impact!area!(Section&5.8);!(b) A! statement! justifying! the! the! suitability! and! qualifications! if! the! survey! personel! (Section&

2.9);!(c) CVs!of!the!survey!team!(Appendix&10);!(d) A!justification!of!the!timing!of!the!flora!survey!(Section&2.10);!(e) A!GIS!shape!file!of!the!area!to!be!cleared!is!provided!separately;!(f) Maps!of!the!proposed!clearing!area!(Appendicies&5,&6,&7);!(g) A!map!of!the!proposed!landuse!(Figures&2,&3&and&Appendix&5);!(h) A!description!of!the!location!(Section&2.3!and!Figures&1&and&2);!(i) The!timing!of!the!expected!clearing!(Section&2.6);!

1.4.6&Impact&management&plan&This!document!incorporates!an!impact!management!plan!(Section&6).!!This!plan!includes:!

(a) A!consideration!of!the!avoidance!or!minimizing!of!clearing!(Section&6.2);!(b) A!description!of!the!nature!of!the!impact!(Section&6.1);!(c) The!proposed!management!of!impacts!(Section&6.2);!(d) A!justification!of!the!proposed!management!of!impacts!(Sections&6.2.1&and&6.2.2);!(e) Evidence!of!the!plant’s!survival!in!the!wild!(Section&6.1.1).!


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1.4.7&Impact&management&strategies&Considerastion! has! been! given! to! the! avoidance! or! minimization! of! clearing! through! the!consideration!of!alternatives!(Section&6.2).!

1.4.7.1%The%nature%of%the%impact%The!nature!of!the!impact!has!been!described!and!discussed!including:!

(a) The!area!of!clearing!(Section&2.5!and!Figure&3! ),!the!number!of!EVNT!species!to!be!cleared!(Secton& 5.8,! Appendicies& 6! and! 8,& Section& 6.1.1),! and! the! conservation! status! of! those!species!(Section&5.4!and!Table&2);!

(b) Information!on!the!population!dynamics!is!provided!in!(Appendix&14);!(c) Information!on!the!ecology!of!the!species!(Appendix&14);!(d) The!importance!of!the!plants!and!their!habitat!that!are!to!be!cleared!&(Section&6,);!(e) All! impacts!on!ENVT!species!within! the!clearing! footpring!and!within!a!100m!buffer!of! the!

clearing!footprint!(Sections&2.5,&4.3,&&&6,&Figure&3,&Appendicies&6,7,&&&8)!

1.4.7.2%Management%of%Impact%With!regard!to!the!management!of!the!impact:!

• Impact!management!solutions!to!account!for!the!EVNT!species!identified!in!the!flora!report!are!listed!(Sections&6.2.1,&6.2.2,&&&6.2.3);!

• A! single! EVNT! species! (Cycas# megacarpa)! will! be! used! in! impact! management! (Section& 6!generally);!

• The! Impact! Management! Plan! is! concistent! with! section! 284! of! the! Nature! conservation!(Wildlife!Management)!Regulations!2006!in!that:!(1)!it!is!supported!by!a!flora!survey!report!that! complies! with! section! 257! of! the! regulations! (Sections& 2& to& 5& of& this& report),! (2)! all!protected! plants! that! will! be! impacted! by! the! proposed! clearing! have! been! identified!(Section&5.8),!(3)!the!impacts!from!the!clearing!are!clearly!demonstrated!(Section&6.1),!(4)!all!reasonable!attempts!to!manage!the!impacts!have!been!described!(Section&6.2),!and!(5)!the!survival! of! the! species! in! the! wild! despite! the! clearing! has! been! demonstrated! (Section&6.1.2).!

• The!management!of!the!clearing,!and!the!design!of!the!proposed!waste!rock!facility,!is!such!as! to! ensure! that! direct! and! indirect! impacts! or! influences! are! directed! away! from! Cycas!within!the!surrounding!100m!buffer!(Section&6.2.2).!

1.4.8&Justification&A! justification! for! the!project! including!expected! success! rates,! the!management!and!avoidance!of!limitation!and!threats!to!the!success!of!impact!management,!and!survival!in!the!wild!are!presented!in!Section&6.3.!

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2.0&Introduction&

2.1&Purpose&This!Protected!Plant!Flora!Survey,!associated!Impact!Management!Plan,!and!Offset!proposal!relates!to!an!area!located!on!Lot!37!on!DT40128,!1911!South!Ulam!Road,!Bajool,!Queensland,!4699.!!The!associated!Mining!Lease!Application!80167!that!the!proposed!clearing!relates!to!is!within!lot!37!on!DT40128!(Lot!37).!

Omya!Australia!(Bajool)!proposes!to!extend!the!existing!Wells!Quarry!waste!dump!to!an!area!within!MLA!80167.!As!a!result!of!Omya’s!expansion!plans,!there!will!be!some!clearing!of!vegetation!located!within!a!High!Risk!Area!as!shown!on!the!DEHP!Protected!Plants!Flora!Survey!Trigger!Map.!The!relevant!trigger!map!is!provided!in!Appendix&2.!The!total!direct!impact!area!within!MLA!80167!is!3.6!ha.!

2.2&Content&of&the&report&This! report! provides! an! assessment! of! impacts! to! protected! plants! (NCA! 1992)! resulting! from! the!proposed!expansion!of!the!Wells!Waste!Rock!Emplacement!(WREA)!by!Omya!Australia,!Bajool.!This!expansion!of!the!WREA!is!located!within!MLA!80167!with!an!approximate!area!of!3.6!ha.!!

Included!in!this!report!are:!

• assessment!of!vegetation!communities,!threatened!flora,!and!associated!habitat!within,!and!near!the!subject!site;!

• assessment!of!impacts!to!associated!environmental!matters;!

• impact! management! measures! with! the! aim! of! ensuring! that! there! will! be! no! significant!residual!impact!to!threatened!flora!from!the!proposed!WREA!expansion;!

• proposal!for!offsetting!residual!impacts.!

The! environmental! investigation! includes! a! regional! desktop! environmental! assessment! (3! km! for!plants!and!up! to!30!km! for! some! fauna)!around! the!centre!of! the!proposed!waste! rock!expansion!area,!and!field!surveys!of!the!WREA!area!!(direct!impact!area),!including!an!adjacent!buffer!that!is!no!less!than!100m!around!the!direct!impact!area.!See!Figure&3!for!the!location!of!these!areas.!!

2.3&Location&The!Omya! Australia! Bajool!marble!mine! is! located! at! 1911! South! Ulam! Road,! Bajool! Queensland,!18.5km! South! of! Bajool! Township! (Figure& 1).! The! proposed!WREA! is! located!within!Mining! Lease!Application!(MLA)!80167.!The!MLA!is!otherwise!located!within!Lot!37!on!DT40128!(Figure&2).!

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Figure&1.&Location&of&the&MLA&80167&in&relation&to&surrounding&regions.&&&

Figure&2.&&The&direct&impact&area&(red&line)&is&located&south&of&the&existing&rock&dump&and&within&Mining&Lease&Application&80167.&The&figure&shows&current&Mining&Leases&(black&lines)&and&cadastral&boundaries&(yellow&lines).&Image&and&cadastre&from&QLD&Globe.&

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2.4&Purpose&of&Clearing&Omya! Australia! proposes! to! extend! the! current! waste! rock! emplacement! into! Lot! 37! on! Plan!DT40128,!under!MLA!80167.!In!doing!so,!Omya!Australia!will!impact!approximately!3.6!ha!of!a!‘High!Risk!Area’!located!within!MLA!80167.!

The!proposed!expansion!plans!are!based!on!the!mine!plan!which!accepts!that!not!all!of!the!Bajool!marble! deposit! can! be! utilized! by! Omya! Australia! because,! althought! the! specifications! for! their!products!are!tightly!defined,!the!quality!of!the!Bajool!marble!deposit!is!variable.!!In!addition,!Omya!Australia! cannot! utilize! the! internal! waste! rock,! or! the! overlying! weathered!marble/clay! caprock.!!Current!estimates!suggest!that!Omya!Australia!are!utilizing!about!65%!of!mined!product.!!The!mined!product! includes!white!marble,!which! is!suitable! for! industrial! fillers,! the!coloured!marble,!suitable!for! the! production! of! agricultural! lime,! and! stone! dust! for! coal! mine! dusting! where! it! has! low!concentrations!of!clay!and!silicate!minerals.!!Currently!there!is!no!market!for!the!black!dolerite!dykes!that!cross!cut!the!deposit,!the!impure!marble! layers,!or!the!weathered!marble!/!clay!caprock.! !The!proposed!rock!dump!expansion! increases! the!surface! footprint!by!65%!while!providing!100%!extra!storage! volume!which! is! estimated! to! increase! from! 1.2!million! cubic!metres! to! 2.4!million! cubic!metres.!!

The! proposed! rock! dump! expansion! is! located!within! regional! ecosystems! (RE’s)! 11.11.15/11.11.5!Ironbark!/!bloodwood!ecosystem!with!semifevergreen!vine!thickets.!!The!expanded!footprint!of!the!WREA! will! require! the! clearing! of! 5.2! ha! of! remnant! vegetation! over! a! 30! year! period.! The! area!proposed!to!be!cleared!within!the!MLA!is!3.6!ha!(the!subject!of!the!current!application).!!As!the!site!fills!with!waste,!the!area!will!be!progressively!revegetated!to!produce!a!self!fsustaining!ecosystem!on!a! stable! and! benign! landform! providing! habitat! for! native! fauna! and! flora.! ! The! strategy! for! the!disposal!of!the!waste!rock!is!to!build!geotechnically!stable,!outfoffpit!rock!structures!located!off!the!marble!deposit!and!within!economic!haulage!distances!from!the!mine.!!The!waste!rock!emplacement!structures!are,!and!will!continue!to!be:!

•! profiled!to!minimise!erosion;!

•! designed!to!conform!with!the!surrounding!landscape;!and!

•! progressively!revegetated!with!local!flora.!!!

The!best! location! to!construct! the!most! stable,!out!of!pit!waste! rock!emplacement!with!minimum!visual!impact!is!within!the!small!gullies!extending!south!of!the!current!WREA.!

As! a! result! of! the! expansion! plans! for! the! current! waste! dump,! some! native! vegetation! will! be!removed.!

Figure& 2& shows! the! proposed! expansion! area! in! relation! to! the! existing! Wells! Waste! Rock!Emplacement!and!associated!Mining!Leases.!A!full!size!plan!is!provided!in!Appendix&5.!

2.5&Area&of&Impact&The!proposed!clearing!(the!direct! impact!area)!within!MLA!80167!is!approximately!3.6!ha.!Figure&1!indicates!the!approximate!location!of!the!proposed!expansion!area!in!relation!to!MLA!80167!and!an!indirect!impact!area!that!is!a!100m!buffer!around!the!MLA!direct!impact!area,!and!the!impact!area!of!the!existing!waste!rock!emplacement.!


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The!direct!impact!area!is!3.6!ha.!The!direct!and!indirect!impact!areas!total!24.34!ha.!The!combined!area!of!the!direct!and!indirect!impact!areas!is!referred!to!as!the!‘study!area’!in!this!report.!!Figure&1!shows!the!expansion!footprint,!indicated!by!the!red!line!(direct!impact)!and!the!yellow!line!indicates!the!buffer!(indirect!impact).!

Figure&1.&&The&WREA&expansion&footprint&is&indicated&by&the&red&line&(direct&impact).&&The&yellow&line&indicates&the&indirect&impact&buffer.&These&areas&combined&are&refered&to&as&the&study&area.&

2.6&Date&of&Works.&The!proponents! intend!to!commence!clearing!the!site!as!soon!as!a!clearing!permit! is! issued!by!the!Department!of!Environment!and!Heritage!Protection.!

2.7&Flora&Survey&Trigger&Map&The!Flora!Survey!Trigger!Map!for!the!relevant!area!is!provided!in!Appendix&2.!!

2.8&Flora&Survey&Requirements&The! methodology! was! consistent! with! the! flora! survey! requirements! for! timed! random!meander!searches!and!is!detailed!in!Section&4.1.!

2.9&Qualifications&of&persons&undertaking&the&survey&The! study!was!undertaken!by! Ian!Denley!and!Alistair!Melzer.! ! Ian!Denley!and!Alistair!Melzer!have!previously!undertaken!protected!plant! flora!surveys.! !CV’s!and!relevant!experience!are!provided! in!Appendix& 10.! ! Ian! Denley! and! Alistair! Melzer! undertook! the! field! surveys,! report! results! and!associated!mapping.!

2.10&Survey&Timing&&&Justification&The! target! flora! for! this! protected!plant! survey!were!Cycas# ophiolitica,# Cycas#megacarpa,# Cossinia#australiana#and!Marsdenia#brevifolia.##The!flora!survey!was!carried!out!on!the!26f28th!July!2016!and!3f4th! August! 2016.! ! The! survey! timing! was! considered! appropriate! for! identifying! the! species!indicated!as!potentially!present.!


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2.10.1%Cycas%ophiolitica%Cycas# ophiolitica! is! easily! distinguished! from! surrounding! vegetation! in! any! season! by! form,! large!leaves! and! large! ovoid! seed! when! ripe,! including! some! specimens! with! caudices! up! to! 2! metres!height.!!Cycas#ophiolitica!is!readily!distinguished!from!the!cofoccuring!species!of!cycad,!Macrozamia#miquelii,! by! a! distinctly! different! growth! form,! leaf! shape! and! colour,! as! well! as! the! form! of! the!reproductive!structures.!!Cycas#ophiolitica#is!distinguished!from!Cycas#megacarpa#by!the!bluefgreen!new! growth! and! smaller! seeds! (Queensland! Herbarium! 2007).! ! Seeds! become! ripe! from! March!onwards!when!they!drop!from!the!megasporophylls! (Norstog!&!Nicholls!1997,!cited! in!Queensland!Herbarium!2007).! !The!authors!have!undertaken!previous!surveys!on! the!site!and!provide!ongoing!revegetation!services.!Cycas#ophiolitica!has!not!been!located!in!that!time.!The!location!is!also!south!of! the! species’! recorded! distribution.! ! As! such! C.# ophiolitica! is! considered! highly! unlikely! to! be!present.!

2.10.2%Cycas%megacarpa%Cycas#megacarpa! is! easily!distinguished! from!surrounding! vegetation! in! any! season!by! form,! large!leaves!and!large!ovoid!seed!when!ripe.!!Cycas#megacarpa!is!distinguished!from!C.#ophiolitica!by!the!green!new!growth!and!larger!seeds;!and!from!the!cofoccuring!species!of!cycad,!Macrozamia#miquelii,!by!a!distinctly!different!growth!form,!leaf!shape!and!colour,!as!well!as!the!form!of!the!reproductive!structures.!!It!is!distinguished!from!other!Cycas!species!by!the!keeled!green!leaves!and!larger!seeds.!(Halford!1995;!Hill!1998).!!Cycasa#megacarpa!is!known!to!occur!on!the!site.!

2.10.3%Cossinia%australiana%Cossinia#australiana! is!shrub!or!small!slender!tree!that!grows!to!7!m!in!height,!with!a!sparse!crown!and! few! branches.! The! leaves! are! compound,! with! the! under! surface! of! the! leaflets! and! young!growth! being! densely! hairy.! ! Cossinia# australiana! is! known! from! fragmented! remnant! patches! of!Araucarian!vineforests!or!vine!thickets!on!fertile!soils!in!central!and!southern!Queensland.!!Flowering!has! been! recorded! from!October! to! January,!with! fruiting! recorded! in! February.! ! The! tree! readily!suckers!from!the!roots!up!to!5!m!from!the!main!trunk!(EHP!Cossinia#australiana!2016).#The!species!is!easily! identified! through! foliar! characteristics! in! all! seasons.! # Cossinia# australiana# is! considered!unlikely!to!be!present!as!the!preferred!habitat!does!not!occur!on!the!study!site.!

http://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2907100!

2.10.4%Marsdenia%brevifolia%Marsdenia#brevifolia!is!an!erect!woody!shrub!to!1m!high,!sometimes!weakly!twining.!!The!corolla!is!urn!shaped!and!creamfgreen!to!yellow.!!Leaves!are!up!to!4cm!long!and!2cm!wide;!dark!green!above!and! pale! yellow! green! on! the! lower! surface;! and! sparsely! to! densely! hairy! below.!Despite! a! close!association!with! serpentine! geology,!Marsdenia# brevifolia! is! not! a! serpentine! endemic.!Marsdenia#brevifolia!has!a!disjunct!distribution!with!collections!made!near!Townsville,!Springsure!and!north!of!Rockhampton.! ! Habitat! varies! from! serpentine! rock! outcrops! and! associated! crumbly! black! soils!(North!and!east!of!Rockhampton),!decomposing!schist!(near!Cawarrral),!granite!soils!(Hidden!Valley!near!Paluma),!and!on!dark!massive!acid!agglomerate!soils!(Magnetic!Island).!!The!species!is!found!on!steep!rocky!hills!slope!or!ridge.!!!!Identifying!features!are!the!distinctive!habit,!white!latex!in!stems,!and!cream!green!urn!shaped!flowers.!!Flowering!occurs!from!October!to!February!and!fruiting!from!February!to!June.!!(DoE!Marsdenia#brevifolia,!2008!&!EHP!Marsdenia#brevifolia,!2014).!This!species!is!readily!identifiable!from!its!habit!in!all!seasons.!


Page!:!11!

3.0&Methods&–&Destop&Study&

3.1&Threatened&species&databases&Searches! of! the! State! REDD,! The! Protected! Plant! Flora! Survey! Trigger! Map,! Wildlifefonfline!(WILDNET),!Atlas!of!Living!Australia!(ALA)!and!EPBC!protected!Matters!Search!Tool!were!undertaken!to!assess!the!likelihood!of!any!flora!species!or!associated!ecosystems!of!significance!occurring!in!the!study!area.!All!database!queries!were!centered!on!GDA!94!Latitude:! f23.8185!Longitude:!150.6574!with! a! 3! km! buffer! for! Wildnet! data! and! EPBC,! and! 5klm! buffer! for! ALA.! Database! results! are!provided!in!Appendicies&3&and!4.!

3.2&Desktop&vegetation&assessment&A!desktop!assessment!of!site!vegetation!communities!was!undertaken!using!the!State!of!Queensland!QLD!Globe.!The!imagery!date!was!29/06/2014.!Mapping!of!preliminary!vegetation!communities!was!produced!in!MapInfo!GIS!version!11.!The!preliminary!desktop!vegetation!communities!were!used!to!plan!the!extent!and!potential!number!and!location!of!required!searches!and!vegetation!community!assessments.!

4.0&Methods&–&Field&Work&

4.1&Protected&Species&Field&Search&Method&A!field!inspection!of!the!study!site!was!undertaken!to!ascertain!the!plant!community!types,!confirm!the!state!ecosystem!classification,!and!search!for!plants!of!significance!likely!to!occur!on!site.!

Methods!for!timed!random!meander!searches!were!consistent!with!Cropper!(1993),!and!as!indicated!in!the!Protected!Plant!Flora!Survey!Guideline!(DEHPfProtected!Plants,!2014).!

Alistair!Melzer! and! Ian!Denley! conducted! the! searches! and! vegetation! descriptions.! In! addition! to!unaided!visual!searches,!binoculars!were!used!to!identify!vegetation,!and!Cycas#at!a!distance.!

Each!person! carried!a!GPS! to! record! the! track! taken.!One!GPS! (Garmin!Montana!650)!was! loaded!with!the!search!area!polygon!and!used!to!record!track!data.!A!second!GPS!(Holux!Mf1200E!GPS!Data!Logger)!was!used!to!record!a!track!only.!Sites!and!areas!of!interested!were!recorded!on!an!Android!device!using!Open!Data!Kit!(ODK)!software!and!a!custom!data!collection!form!with!GPS!location!data!provided!by!a!Garmin!Glo!GPS!logger.!

4.2&Vegetation&Descriptions&The!methods!for!vegetation!descriptions!employed!in!this!study!have!been!extracted,!and!modified!from!Nelder!(2012)!and!Melzer!(2011)!with!reference!to!The!National!Committee!on!Soil!&!Terrain,!(2009)! and! Specht! (1970).! ! Associated! data! is! compatible! with! Wildlifefonfline# and! HERBRECS!databases.!!

Site! based! sampling! was! undertaken! within! each! distinct! community! type.! Sampling! is! consistent!with!the!secondary!sites!of!Nelder!(2012)!and!Melzer!(2011).!

Species! nomenclature! and! taxonomy! were! based! on! the! Census! of! Queensland! Flora!(Data.qld.gov.au,!2016).!!


Page!:!12!

Collection!and!preservation!of!specimens!was!with!reference!to!the!Queensland!Herbarium!(Bean,!2013).!

4.3&Survey&Effort&The!study!area!was!surveyed!on!the!26th!to!28th!July!2016!and!the!3rd!to!4th!of!August!2016,!by!Alistair!Melzer!and!Ian!Denley!using!timed!random!meander!searches.!!

The!study!area,!including!the!search!buffer,!was!24.3!ha!and!a!total!of!49!person!hours!were!spent!in!random!meanders!within! 3! distinct! vegetation! types,! cleared! areas! and!mine! rehabilitation! areas.!This!represents!approximately!2!hours!per!hectare.!GPS!track!logs!are!shown!in!Appendix&8.!

5.0&Results&

5.1&Regional&Ecosystems&The!Regional!Ecosystems!Vegetation!Management!Supporting!Map!over!and!adjacent! to! the!Wells!Waste!Rock!Emplacement!Area!is!provided!in!Appendix&1.!!Short!REDD!descriptions!are!provided!in!Table& 1.! An! extract! of! the! Vegetation! Management! Supporting! Map! (QLD! Globe),! is! provided! in!Figure&2.!

The!expansion!area!is!mapped!as!100%!RE!11.11.15.!!Nearby!Regional!Ecosystems!include!RE11.11.5!and!a!mixed!polygon!of!11.3.4!and!11.3.25.!

Table&1.&&Short&descriptions&of&regional&ecosystems&occurring&in&the&area.&(EHP&REDD,&2016)&

RE&code& VMA&Status&

Biodiversity&Status&

REDD&Short&description&

11.11.15! LC! NCP!Eucalyptus#crebra!woodland!on!deformed!and!metamorphosed!sediments!and!interbedded!volcanics!

11.11.5! LC! NCP!Microphyll!vine!forest!±!Araucaria#cunninghamii!on!old!sedimentary!rocks!with!varying!degrees!of!metamorphism!and!folding!

11.3.4! OC! OC!Eucalyptus#tereticornis!and/or!Eucalyptus!spp.!woodland!on!alluvial!plains!

11.3.25! LC! OC! Riverine!wetland!or!fringing!riverine!wetland.!

LC:!Least!Concern,!NCP:!No!concern!at!present,!OC:!Of!concern.!

! !


Page!:!13!

Figure&2.&Remnant&vegetation&types&indicated&in&the&Regional&Ecosystems&Supporting&Map&include&RE&11.11.15&(sole&vegetation&group&within&the&direct&impact&area),&11.11.5&and&a&mixed&polygon&of&11.3.4/11.3.25&(orange&area).&&

5.2&Essential&Habitat&The!Essential!Habitat!Map!over!and!adjacent!to!the!Wells!Waste!Rock!Emplacement!Area!is!shown!in!Appendix&1.!!An!extract!of!the!Essential!Habitat!map!is!provided!in!Figure&5.The!southern!portion!of!the!expansion!area!is!within!an!area!of!Essential!Habitat!for!Cycas#megacarpa.!

Figure&5.&An&extract&from&the&DNRM&Vegetation&Management&Supporting&Map&showing&the&extent&of&DNRM&Essential&Habitat&for&Cycas&megacarpa.!&


Page!:!14!

5.3&Protected&Plants&Trigger&Map&The! Protected! Plant! Flora! Survey! Trigger! Map! over! and! adjacent! to! the! Wells! Waste! Rock!Emplacement!Area!is!shown!in!Appendix&2.!

Both! the!whole! of! the! expansion! area! and!MLA80167! are!within! a! ‘High! Risk! Area’! shown! in! the!relevant!DEHP!Protected!Plants!Flora!Survey!Trigger!Map!(Figure&6).!

Figure&6.&An&extract&of&the&Protected&Plants&Flora&Survey&Trigger&Map&over&the&expansion&area&and&MLA80167.&

5.4&Database&Results&

5.4.1&Queensland&State&Searches&One!threatened!flora!species!(Cycas#megacarpa)!was!indicated!as!potentially!present!in!the!Wildnet!and!ALA!database!search!results!(Table&2)!

5.4.2&The&EPBC&Protected&Matters&Search&Tool&results&(Commonwealth&searches)&A!search!of!the!Commonwealth!Protected!Matters!data!base!identified!four!threatened!plant!species!as! matters! of! national! environmental! significance! potentially! associated! with! the! proposed! pit!extension!under!the!Commonwealth!EPBC!Act!(1999)!(See!Appendix&4).!These!are!listed!in!Table&2.!

Of! the!threatened!species,!Cycas#megacarpa! is!known!to!occur!within! the!study!area.!Abbreviated!results!of!the!environmental!database!search!results!for!threatened!plants!are!provided!in!Table&2.!!Full!database!search!results!are!provided!in!Appendix&3&and!Appendix&4.!

&

&

&

&


Page!:!15!

Table&2.&Results&of&threatened&plants&indicated&in&the&database&search&results&

& Database&result&(Y=&Yes,&N&=&No)&

Species& Status&& EPBC&

3km&buffer&

Wildnet&

3km&buffer&

ALA&

5km&buffer&EPBC& NCA&

Cycas#megacarpa# E! E! Y! Y! N!

Cycas#ophiolitica# E! E! Y! N! N!

Cossinia#australiana# E! E! Y! N! N!

Marsdenia#brevifolia# V! V! Y! N! N!

EPBC!=!Environment!Protection!and!Biodiversity!Conservation!Act1999;!NCA!=!Nature!Conservation!Act!1992!(Queensland);!ALA!=!Atlas!of!Living!Australia.!

5.5&Likelihood&analysis&

5.5.1&Cycas%megacarpa&Cycas#megacarpa!is!found!in!woodland,!open!woodland!and!open!forests,!often!in!conjunction!with!a!grassy!understory.!The!species! is! found! in!habitat!dominated!by!Eucalyptus#crebra!and!Corymbia#citriodora,!as!well!as!Corymbia#erythrophloia,!Eucalyptus#melanophloia!and!Lophostemon#confertus.!!There!are!also!reports!that!it!can!be!found!in!or!on!the!edge!of!rainforest!habitat!(Cycas#megacarpa,!2016).#

Cycas#megacarpa#was!identified!in!the!EPBC!and!Wildnet!database!search!results,!and!is!known!to!be!present!in!the!study!area.!!!

5.5.2&Cycas%ophiolitica&Cycas#ophiolitica!grows!on!hills!and!slopes!in!sparse,!grassy!open!forest!at!altitude!ranges!from!80–400! m! above! sea! level.! It! is! most! frequently! found! on! shallow,! stony,! infertile! soils,! which! are!developed! on! sandstone! and! serpentinite,! and! is! associated! with! species! such! as! Corymbia#dallachiana,# C.# erythrophloia,# C.# xanthope# and! Eucalyptus# fibrosa.# Cycas# ophiolitica# has! also! been!found! on! mudstone! in! association! with! Corymbia# dallachiana,# C.# erythrophloia# and! Eucalyptus#crebra,!and!on!alluvial!loams!with!Corymbia#intermedia,#Eucalyptus#drepanophylla#and!E.#tereticornis#(EHP!Cycas#ophiolitica,!2016).!

Cycas#ophiolitica! is!identified!in!the!EPBC!search!results!but!not!recorded!in!other!database!results.!!The! MLA! is! located! well! south! (about! 30km)! of! the! accepted! distribution! for! this! species.! Cycas#ophiolitica!is!not!expected!to!be!present!at!or!near!the!site.!

Both! C.# ophiolitica# and# C.# megacarpa! are! readily! distinguished! from# Macrozamia# spp.# commonly!associated!with!Cycas! spp.!by!the!differences! in!growth!form,! leaf!morphology,!and! fundamentally!different!fruiting!structures.!


Page!:!16!

5.5.3&Cossinia%australiana&Cossinia#australiana!is!shrub!or!small!slender!tree!that!grows!to!7!m!in!height.!!Cossinia#australiana!is!distinguished! by! its! two! forms! of! stellate! hairs,! its! pinnate! or! trifoliolate! leaves! and! its! fragile!capsules!(Cossinia#australiana,!2016).!

Cossinia# australiana! occurs! from! 20! to! 520! m! altitude.! ! Cossinia# australiana! is! known! from!fragmented!remnant!patches!of!Araucarian!vineforests!or!vine!thickets!on!fertile!soils!in!central!and!southern! Queensland.! ! The! species! appears! to! prefer! ecotonal! situations! around! dry! rainforest!edges,! although! it! also! occurs! as! scattered! individual! plants! within! closed! forest! communities.! ! It!grows! in! Araucarian!microphyll! vine! forest,! and! relict! semifevergreen! vine! thicket! on! a! variety! of!soils,!including!red!volcanic!soil!and!black!loam.!!Trees!and!shrubs!with!which!C.#australiana!is!often!associated! include! Alyxia# ruscifolia! (chain! fruit),! Capparis# arborea! (brush! caper! berry),! Drypetes#deplanchei! (yellow! tulip),! Flindersia# australis! (crow's! ash),! Owenia# venosa! (crow's! apple)! and!Siphonodon#australis!(ivorywood).!!Associated!vine!species!include!Cissus#oblonga,!Malaisia#scandens!and! Melodorum# leichhardtii! (Cossinia# australiana,! 2016! &! Cossinia# australiana,# Department# of#Environment#and#Heritage#Protection#2016).!

Cossinia# australiana! has! distinctive! pinnate! foliage! that! is! readily! recognisable! in! the! field.! The!species! was! not! located! during! the! survey! for! this! project,! and! has! not! been! located! in! the! area!despite!ongoing!field!work!over!the!last!decade!by!A.!Melzer.!!

5.5.4&Marsdenia%brevifolia&Despite! a! close! association! with! serpentinite,!Marsdenia# brevifolia! is! not! a! serpentine! endemic.!!Marsdenia#brevifolia! has! a!disjunct! distribution!with! collections!made!near! Townsville,! Springsure,!near!Marlborough,!as!well!as!north!and!east!of!Rockhampton.! !Habitat!varies!from!serpentine!rock!outcrops,!and!associated!crumbly!black!soils!(Marlborough!to!Rockhampton),!lithosols!derived!from!decomposing!schist!(Cawarral),!granite!soils!(Hidden!Valley!near!Paluma),!and!on!dark!massive!acid!agglomerate!soils!(Magnetic!Island).!It!primarily!occurs!on!steep!rocky!hills!slope!or!ridge.!!Marsdenia#brevifolia!is!an!erect!woody!shrub!to!1m!high,!sometimes!weakly!twining.!!The!corolla!is!urn!shaped!and!creamfgreen!to!yellow.!!Leaves!are!4cm!long!and!2cm!wide.! !Leaves!are!dark!green!above!and!pale!yellow!green!on!the!lower!surface!and!sparsely!to!densely!hairy!below.!!Distinctive!identifying!features!are!habit,!white!latex!in!stems,!and!cream!green!urn!shaped!flowers.!!Flowering!occurs!from!October! to! February! and! fruiting! from! February! to! June! (DoE!Marsdenia# brevifolia,! 2008! &! EHP!Marsdenia#brevifolia,!2014).!

Marsdenia# brevifolia! has! not! been! located! in! previous! surveys! over! the! site.! However,! suitable!habitat!elements!are!present.!

5.6&Likelihood&analysis&results&A! likelihood!analysis!of! the! four! threatened! flora!species!was!undertaken!using!available! literature!and! from! a! prefsurvey! assessment! of! the! site! landscape.! ! A! summary! of! the! likelihood! analysis! is!provided!in!Table&3.!Likelihood!ranges!and!explanations!are:!

o Present:!The!species!has!been!observed!or!reported!within!the!study!site.!

o High:!The!majority!of!preferred!habitat!elements!are!present!within!the!study!site,!and!the!species!is!known!to!occur!in!the!near!area.!


Page!:!17!

o Moderate:!The!majority!of!preferred!habitat!elements!are!present!within!the!study!site,!but!there!are!no!reports!of!the!species!in!the!near!area!

o Low:!at!least!one!preferred!habitat!element!is!present!within!the!study!site.!

o Very&low:!no!preferred!habitat!elements!are!present!within!the!study!site.!

Table&3.&Likelihood&of&occurrence&summary.&

Species& Likelihood& Reasoning&

Cycas#ophiolitica# Very!low! Outside!of!known!range.!

Cycas#megacarpa# Present! Known!to!occur!on!the!site.!

Cossinia#australiana# Low!Some!habitat!elements!present!although!not!located!in!previous!surveys!over!the!site.!

Marsdenia#brevifolia# Low!Some!habitat!elements!present!although!not!located!in!previous!surveys!over!the!site.!

!

5.7&Site&Vegetation&A!vegetation!community!map! is!provided! in!Appendix& 7.!Associated!plot!data!and!species! lists!are!provided!in!Appendix&9!

MLA! 80167! encompassed! about! 19! ha! of! remnant! vegetation.! The! Vegetation! Management!Supporting!Map!(Appendix&1)!indicates!one!regional!ecosystem!within!this!area:!RE!11.11.15.!!

Despite!that,!field!surveys!identified!three!distinct!plant!communities.!These!were:!

• Eucalyptus#crebra,!Corymbia#erythrophloia,!Corymbia#clarksoniana!open!forest;!

• Eucalyptus#crebra,!Corymbia#erythrophloia,!Corymbia#clarksoniana!shrubby!open!forest;!

• Dry!rainforest.!

Eucalyptus# crebra,! Corymbia# erythrophloia,! Corymbia# clarksoniana! open! forest! occurred! on! ridge!crests!as!a!relatively!narrow!band!approximately!50!–!100m!wide.!This!plant!community!covered!0.4!ha! of! the! direct! impact! area! in!MLA! 80167.! ! Valley! floors!were! dominated! by! dry! rainforest! that!extended!over!1.4!ha!of!the!direct!impact!area!in!MLA!80167.!The!midfslopes!supported!Eucalyptus#crebra,!Corymbia#erythrophloia,!Corymbia#clarksoniana!shrubby!open!forest.!This!community!forms!an!ecotone!between!the!Eucalyptus#crebra!open!forest!and!the!dry!rainforest.! It!covered!1.8!ha!of!the!direct!impact!area!in!MLA!80167.!The!relative!extent!of!this!ecotonal!community!appeared!to!be!determined! by! fire.! The! field! inspection! revealed! that! the! 2015! fire! had! significantly! reduced! the!extent!of! this! community.!However,! the! field! inspection!also! revealed!widespread!evidence!of! fire!scars!at!the!boundary!of!the!dry!rainforest.!This!suggested!that,!historically,!intense!fire!had!reduced!the! extent! of! the! ecotonal! community! almost! to! the! boundary! of! the! dry! rainforest.! The! future!extent!of!this!community!will!be!determined!by!any!future!fire!regime.!


Page!:!18!

5.7.1%Eucalyptus%crebra,&Corymbia%spp.&open&forest&Eucalyptus# crebra,! Corymbia# erythrophloia,! Corymbia# clarksoniana,! and! occasionally! Corymbia#intermedia# dominated! the! overstorey.! There! was! a! secondary! tree! layer! consisting! of! scattered!Lophostemon# suaveolens! and! Alphitonia# excelsa.! A! very! open! shrub! layer! was! present! and! was!dominated!by!Alphitonia#excelsa,!Pittosporum#spinulosa,#Acacia#spp.! and!Lantana#camara.!Ground!cover! was! composed! of! an! open! tussock! grass! community! dominated! by!Heteropogon# contortus,!Chrysopogon# fallax,! and! Cymbopogon# refractus.! The! endangered! Cycas# megacarpa! occurred! as! a!widespread!but!low!density!component!in!this!community.!

5.7.2%Eucalyptus%crebra,&Corymbia%spp.&shrubby&open&forest&This! community! was! composed! of! a! dominant! tree! layer! of! Eucalyptus# crebra,! Corymbia#erythrophloia,! and! Corymbia# clarksoniana.! Corymbia# intermedia! occurred! occasionally,! as! well! as!stands!of#Eucalyptus#melanophloia.! In!places,!Corymbia#erythrophloia!dominated!the!tree!layer.!On!the! lower! slopes,! usually! immediately! adjacent! to! the! dry! rainforest,! scattered! Eucalyptus#tereticornis! and! Corymbia# tessellaris! occurred.! A! secondary! tree! layer! was! composed! of!Lophostemon# suaveolens,!Alphitonia# excelsa! and,! rarely,!Erythrina# vespertilio.! A! dense! tall,! closed,!shrub! layer! (to! 3m)! was! present,! and! was! dominated! by! Pittosporum# spinulosa,# Acacia# spp.! and!Lantana# camara,! although! there! was! a! rich! assemblage! of! dry! rainforest! elements.! This! shrub!understorey!was!an!extension!of!the!dry!rainforest!community!and!no!distinct!demarcation!between!the! shrub! layer!and! the! rainforest! community!was!evident.!Cycas#megacarpa!was!widespread!and!abundant!in!places.!

5.7.3&Dry&rainforest&This!community!was!confined!to!the!floor!of!drainage!lines,!and!was!best!developed!on!rock!where!the!greatest!natural!fire!protection!occurs.!This!was!a!speciesfrich!community,!with!over!60!species!being!identified!in!a!partial!collection.!Euroschinus#falcatus,!Flindersia#australis,!and!rarely#Erythrina#vespertilio!were!emergent!from!a!complex!canopy!of!about!30!tree!species.!This!canopy!assemblage!included!Acacia#fasciculifera,!Alphitonia#excelsa,!Diospyros#geminata,!Drypetes#deplanchei,!Flindersia#australis,! Gossia# bidwillii,! Jagera# pseudorhus,! Pleiogynium# timorense,! and! Polyscias# elegans.! The!canopy!included!six!major!vine!species!including!Cissus#oblonga,!Jasminum!spp.,!Malaisia#scandens,!and! Pandorea# pandorana.! The! shrub! layer! was! dominated! by!Pittosporum# spinulosa! and! Lantana#camara,! but! included! Bridelia# leichhardtii,# Drypetes# deplanchei,# Geijera# salicifolia,# Psychotria#daphnoides,# and! Turraea# pubescens! among! almost! 30! species.! Ground! cover! was! sparse! with!scattered!Gahnia# aspera! and! some! ferns.! The!Cycas#megacarpa!was!widespread! and! abundant! in!places.!

5.8&Protected&Flora&Survey&Results&Only!one!of!the!four!target!species,!C.#megacarpa,!was!located.!!No!other!EVNT!species!were!located!within!the!study!area.!A!map!of!protected!flora!located!in!the!study!is!provided!in!Appendix&6.!

A!total!of!681!C.#megacarpa!were!recorded!in!the!study!area.!There!were!77!C.#megacarpa! located!within!the!direct!impact!area.!

!


Page!:!19!

6.0&Impact&Management&Plan&

6.1&Threats&The!key!threatening!processes!applying!to!all!matters!of!environmental!significance!include:!

(1) physical!destruction!during!(a)!the!construction!phase,!and!(b)!during!the!operational!phase;!(2) downfstream!impacts!derived!from!altered!drainage!and!stormwater! flows,!and!associated!

erosion!or!deposition;!(3) land!management!practices!beyond!the!construction!and!operational!footprint!including!(a)!

unplanned!physical!destruction!by!inappropriate!operation!of!machinery,!or!the!dumping!of!waste! rock! or! spoil;! (b)! overgrowth! by! environmental! weeds! especially! Lantana# camara!(lantana),!Megathyrsus# maximus! (Guinea! grass),! or! Leucaena# leucocephala! (leucaena);! (c)!inappropriate! fire! regimes! facilitated! by! uncontrolled! wildfire,! unseasonal! burning,! and!increased!fire!intensity!and/or!frequency!facilitated!by!invasive!grasses!such!as!Megathyrsus#maximus!or!Cenchrus#ciliaris!(buffel!grass);!

(4) fragmentation! of! populations,! and! reduced! local! abundance! with! potential! effects! on! the!long!term!viability!of!populations!of!significant!species.!

The!proposal,!if!approved,!would!have!impacts!on!Matters!of!State!Environmental!Significance.!One!plant!species!of! significance!was! identified!within!MLA!80167.!A!discussion!of! specific! impacts!and!impact!mitigation!measures!follows.!

6.1.1&Impacts&from&the&proposed&project&and&their&significance&to&Cycas%megacarpa&Cycas#megacarpa!plants!were!found!throughout!MLA!80167.!The!area!of!the!MLA!is!just!over!19!ha.!Of!that!it!is!proposed!to!clear!about!3.6!ha!during!the!construction!and!operation!of!the!WREA.!This!represents!about!19!%!of!available!habitat!within!the!MLA.!Intensive!field!surveys!located!77!Cycas!within!this!3.6!ha.!A!further!212!Cycas#were!mapped!in!adjacent!lands!within!the!MLA.!So!the!loss!of!Cycas! is!26.6!%!of!mapped!Cycas.!However,!C.#megacarpa!occurs! in!parts!of!MLA!80167!that!were!not!mapped! for!Cycas! plants.! Consequently! the! loss!of!Cycas! is! less! than!26.6%!of! the!population!within!the!overall!WREA.!!

There!will! be!a!direct! impact!on! the!Cycas! population! through! the! loss!of! 77!plants! and!3.6!ha!of!habitat! through!the!clearing!of! the!direct! impact!area.! It! is!unlikely! that! this!will!have!a!significant!impact!to!the!regional&population!as!Cycas!habitat!extents!over!much!of!the!surrounding!1,300!ha!of!hills!and!ranges!immediately!surrounding!the!mine.!However,!there!is!likely!to!be!a!decrease!in!the!size!of!the!local&population.!

6.1.2&Survival&of&the&species&in&the&wild&Cycas# megacarpa! has! a! restricted! regional! distribution! from! around! Bouldercomb,! near!Rockhampton,!south!to!Woolooga,!33!km!northfwest!of!Gympie!–!some!340km.!Within!that!range!the!species!exists!in!a!series!(at!least!46)!of!disjunct!populations!of!varying!density!–!many!of!which!are! considered! to!be! relic,! nonfviable!populations.! The! total!number!of! adult!plants! is!believed! to!exceed!373,000!individuals.!However,!a!viable!population!is!considered!to!consist!of!at!least!3,500!to!4,500!individuals!(Queensland!Herbarium!2007).!Only!seven!of!the!known!populations!is!considered!to!be!viable!(Queensland!Herbarium!2007).!!

In!the!MLA,!the!proposed!clearing!will!remove!3.6!ha!of!habitat!and!77!Cycas!plants.!This!loss!would!not!affect!the!species’!extent.!The!flora!survey!identified!over!680!plants!within!the!broarder!study!area.!These!were!a!subset!of!a!more!extensive!population!that!continued!into!the!surrounding!hills!and! ranges,! through! remnant! and! nonfremnant! vegetation.! We! are! confident! that! this! regional!population! numbers! in! the! thousands! –! although! terrain! and! dense! vegetation! cover! preclude! a!broad! regional! census.! The! proposed! clearing! of! 3.6! ha! and! the! loss! of! 77! individuals! will! not!threaten! the! immediate! regional! population.! Omya’s! intent! to! progressively! replant! Cycas! on! the!


Page!:!20!

impact! site! will! ensure! that,! over! time,! there! will! be! no! net! loss! to! the! local! populations.! The!purchase! of! an! adjoining! cleared! property! that! supports! hundreds! of! regrowth! C.# megacarpa,!together!with!Omya’s!existing!freeholdings!of!former!farm!lands!that!encompass!part!of!the!former!extent! of! the! Cycas! population,! and! its! management! as! an! offset! will! see! the! local! population!increase!in!the!wild!over!time.!

6.2&Impact&Management&There!are!four!options!for!addressing!the!potential!impacts.!These!are:!

• avoiding!the!potential!impacts;!• impact!mitigation;!• remediation;!and!• offsetting.!

These!are!discussed!in!turn.!

6.2.1%Avoidance&]&Move&the&project%The! option! to! establish! a! new! WREA! on! lands! free! from! significant! environmental! matters! (e.g.!cleared! agricultural! lands)! was! considered,! but! was! not! pursued! for! a! number! of! reasons.! These!included:!

• the!construction!of!a!haul!road!to!that!site!would!involve!the!clearing!of!critical!habitat!for!Cycas#megacarpa,!and!the!clearing!of!remnant!vegetation;!

• the! footprint!of! the!mine!and!associated! infrastructure,!as!well!as!environmental! issues!of!dust,!noise,!and!storm!water!management,!would!be!expanded!significantly;!!

• the! resulting!WREA! and! associated! final! land! form!would! affect! the! visual! amenity! of! the!region;!and!

• the! construction! and! operation! of! such! a! site! would! require! a! greater! expenditure! of!finances,!and!fuel!resources!with!a!financial!impact!on!the!mine.!

The!current!proposed!location:!• minimizes!the!area!of!potential!environmental!harm!–!especially!to!potential!Cycas!habitat;!• allows!the!containment!of! the!WREA!within!ridgelines!maintaining!regional!visual!amenity,!

as!well!as!containing!dust,!storm!water!and!noise!issues!within!an!existing!mine!site;!• enables! the! haul! road! to! be! constructed! within! the! existing! disturbance! footprint! of! the!

mine;!and!• provides!the!most!efficient!and!costfeffective!operation!of!the!WREA.!

6.2.2&Impact&mitigation&The! expansion! project! has! been! designed! to! minimise! impact! to! the! surrounding! environments,!generally:!

• The!form!of!the!rock!dump!has!been!designed!to!minimise!the!operational!footprint;!• The! construction! footprint! has! been! designed! to! fall! wholly! within! the! final! operational!

footprint;!• The! final! landform!has!been!designed! to!direct! stormwater! flows!and!associated!sediment!

transport!away!(largely!through!internal!drainage)!from!adjacent!remnant!vegetation,!critical!habitat,!and!from!remnant!Cycas#megacarpa;!

• The! Bajool# Marble# Quarry# Cycas# Recovery# Plan! will! be! reviewed! so! as! to! establish!management!practices!to!preclude!unintentional!or!ad#hoc!physical!disturbance!to!remnant!


Page!:!21!

vegetation,! plants! of! environmental! significance,! or! critical! habitats! adjacent! to!infrastructure!or!work!zones;!

• A! fire!management! plan!will! be! developed! that! includes! the! establishment! of! appropriate!fire! control! lines,! imposes! appropriate! burning! regimes! to! ensure! adequate! fuel! reduction!and!low!intensity!burns!in!appropriate!seasons;!

• The!Bajool#Marble#Quarry#Weed#Management#Strategy!will!be! reviewed!so!as! to!establish!practices! that! prevent! the! dominance! of! exotic! species! that! may! alter! fire! frequency! or!intensity.!

More!specifically:!

For&C.&megacarpa;!the!mine!will!review!Bajool#Marble#Quarry#Cycas#Recovery#Plan!so!as!to:!

• establish!management!practices!to!preclude!unintentional!or!ad#hoc!physical!disturbance!to!remnant!vegetation!or!Cycas#plants!adjacent!to!infrastructure!or!work!zones;!

• develop! an! appropriate! fire! regime,! in! conjunction! with! the! development! of! the! general!Bajool!Marble!Mine!Fire!Strategy,!so!as!to!ensure!that!the!remnant!Cycas!are!not!damaged!by!inappropriate!burning;!

• inform!the!revision!of!the!Bajool#Marble#Quarry#Weed#Management#Strategy,!so!as!to!avoid!overgrowth!of!Cycas!by!environmental!weeds,!and!prevent!the!dominance!of!environmental!weeds!that!may!increase!fire!frequency!or!intensity.!

6.2.3&Remediation&The!Cycas#megacarpa! horticultural!plan! (Cycad#Management#Plan#at#Bajool#Marble#Quarry,#Group#Operations#Omya#Australia#Pty#Ltd!undated)!will!be!revised!so!as!to!include:!

• the!salvage!and!transplanting!of!Cycas!within!the!impact!zone,!where!it! is!safe!and!feasible!to!do!so.!The!protocols!for!this,!including!monitoring!and!reporting!are!shown!in!Apppendix&11;!

• the! propagation! of! seedling! for! planting! elsewhere.! The! protocols! for! the! collection,!germination! and! growth,! as! well! as! planting! are! shown! in! Appendix& 12! along! with! the!proposed!monitoring!and!reporting.;!

• a!planting!design! for,! as!well! as! a!program!of!maintenance!and!monitoring!of,! transplants!and!seedlings;!as!well!as!!

• reporting!on!progress!over!an!appropriate!timeframe.!

A!sitefspecific!revegetation!plan!will!be!developed!for!the!postfoperational!landform!that:!• ensures! Cycas! occur! across! the! final! landform,! and! at! a! density! that! ensures! ecological!

connectivity!between!remnant!Cycas!stands;!and!more!generally,!• establishes,! on! the! postfoperational! land! form,! a! plant! community! has! a! structure,! and!

dominant! species! that! are! within! the! range! of! plant! communities! growing! on! unmined!marble!around!the!mine;!and!

• provides! habitat! for! native! fauna,! and! allows!migratory! species! to! use! the! new!habitat! or!pass!through!the!plant!community.!

6.2.4&Offsetting&Despite!the!mitigation!and!remediation!measures!proposed!above,!a!significant!residual!impact!may!remain!if!the!project:!

1. leads!to!a!longfterm!decrease!in!the!size!of!a!local!population;!or!!2. reduces!the!extent!of!occurrence!of!the!species;!or!!3. fragments!an!existing!population;!or!4. results!in!genetically!distinct!populations!forming!as!a!result!of!habitat!isolation;!or!


Page!:!22!

5. results!in!invasive!species!that!are!harmful!to!an!endangered!or!vulnerable!species!becoming!established!in!the!endangered!or!vulnerable!species’!habitat;!or!

6. introduces!disease!that!may!cause!the!population!to!decline,!or!7. interferes!with!the!recovery!of!the!species;!or!8. causes!disruption!to!ecologically!significant!locations!(breeding,!feeding,!nesting,!migration!

or!resting!sites)!of!a!species.!(http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/assets/documents/pollution/management/offsets/significantfresidualfimpactfguide.pdf!)! It!seems!likely!that!for!C.#megacarpa!a!significant!residual!impact!will!remain!in!the!local!population.!Remedial!action!relies!on!the!establishment!of!C.#megacarpa!within,!and!across,!the!postfindustrial!landform.!However,!although!the!Cycas!propagation!program!has!started,! it! is!too!early!to!confirm!that! this! species! can! be! established! in! the! reformed! landscape,! or! that! established! seedlings! can!grow! to! maturity! and! reproduce.! Consequently,! it! seems! that! condition! 1! (lead! to! a! longfterm!decrease! in! the! size! of! a! local! population)!may! apply.! If! so,! then! a! significant! residual! impact!will!remain!until! such! time!as! successful!establishment!of!C.#megacarpa!on!waste!marble! landforms! is!demonstrated!at!Bajool!Marble!Mine.!Consequently!an!offset!may!be!required.!

Offsetting%options%Omya!Australia!has!identified!three!properties!with!potential!as!offset!locations!for!C.#megacarpa.!All!support! relic!or! regrowth!C.#megacarpa.! These!are! freehold!properties!with!no! current!protection!status.!All! are!predominately! supporting!nonfremnant! vegetation.! Two!are!grazing!properties.! The!third!is!former!grazing!land,!now!destocked.!!

The! first!property! is!a!56.76!ha!block!abutting! the!northern!boundary!of! the!mine! (Lot!102!Crown!Plan!DS56).!!

The!second!property!is!a!251.2!ha!lot!abutting!the!southfeast!corner!of!the!mine!(Lot!24,!Crown!Plan!DS128).! It! has! largely! been! cleared.! Prefclearing! RE! modelling! indicates! that! the! RE! present! was!11.11.15.! This! is! the! same! as! is! remnant! over! the!MLA.! Relic! and! regrowth! C.# megacarpa! plants!provide!a!guide!to!the!extent!of!this!species!across!the!property.!!

!The!third!lot!is!Lot!40,!DT40133.!This!64.8!ha!property!lies!west!of!the!active!mine,!but!within!lands!owned!by!Omya! that! surround! the!mine.!A!portion!of! this! land!would!be!potentially! available! for!Cycas!restoration.!This!land!has!been!cleared!historically!and!converted!to!grazing!lands.!Despite!that!there! is!a! scatter!of! relic!C.#megacarpa! including!mature!and!reproducing!male!and! female!plants.!These!provide!a!guide!to!the!extent!of!the!former!Cycas!distribution!on!this!nonfremnant!landscape.!

The!location!of!these!properties!is!shown!in!Figure&7&below.!!!


Page!:!23!

!!Figure 7. Location of sites for replanting and/or relocation of Cycas megacarpa on Omya owned properties abutting the marble mine.

The!longfterm!protection!of!these!lands!would!be!ensured!through!the!establishment!of!a!covenant,!or! some!similar!mechanism! to!establish!a! legally! secured!offset!area,!or! if! the! lands!were!used!as!sites! for! planting! and! /! or! relocation! of! mature! Cycas.! Appropriate! land! management,! weed!management!and!fire!management!plans!would!be!developed!and!implemented!to!ensure!the!longfterm!persistence!of!the!new!Cycas!population!on!the!protected!land.!Where!possible!these!plans!will!reflect! revisions! of! the! existing! plans! for! Bajool! Marble! Mine.! The! development! of! this! Cycas!population,!the!land!management!and!the!tenure!conditions!would!be!developed!in!a!manner!that!is!consistent!with!the!Environmental!Offsets!Act!2014!and!Environmental!Offsets!Regulation!2014!(in!particular!Section!8).!

6.3&Jusification&of&adopted&management&strategy&No!alternative! to! the!adopted!strategy! is!available!without! impeding! the!efficiency!and!viability!of!the!mine.!The!adopted!plan!relies!on!a!number!of!key!components:!

1. Establishing! a! covenant! over! lands! used! for! transplanting! and! planting! to! ensure! longfterm!tenure!protection!for!the!Cycas!population;!

2. Protecting!the!sitefwide!population!by!managing!broad!environmental!threats!(fire,!pest!plants,!inappropriate!disturbance);!

3. Managing!mine!operations!to!ensure!there!are!no!unintended!impacts!on!Cycas;!4. Rehabilitating,!and!establishing!Cycas!on,!post!mining!landscapes;!5. Ensuring! no! net! loss! by! propagating! and! planting! seedlings,! and! salvaging! and! transplanting!

mature!plants!under!threat!of!destruction;!6. Establishing!managed!offset! lands!for! long!term!conservation!and!protection!of!the!species,!as!

well!as!ensuring!that!there!is!no!residual!impact!from!the!clearing;!7. Increasing!the!body!of!knowledge!on!the!species!by!collecting!rigorous!data!sets,!analysing!and!

publishing!the!project!outcomes.!


Page!:!24!

The!fifth!component!is!the!most!challenging!given!the!timeframes!involved,!the!logistical!issues!to!be!managed,! and! the! record! keeping! to! be! achieved.! However,! the! success! of! analogous! projects!elsewhere!in!the!region!indicates!that!this!approach!will!have!a!high!likelihood!of!success.!

6.3.1&Overview&of&the&success&of&the&translocation&and&propagation&approach&elsewhere.&If! the! appropriate! resources! and! the! correct! methods! are! applied,! there! is! a! high! probability! of!success.!This!conclusion!is!based!on!the!success!of!analogous!projects!elsewhere!in!the!region.!!Livingstone!Shire!Council!(Information!from!Lesie!Childs!LSC):!!• Rockhampton! Regional! Council! Emu! Park!West! Reservoir! 2013,! !Cycas# ophiolitica! salvage! and!

transplant!2014;!66%!success!after!two!years!(NCA!Permit!No.WICL13590713);!• DTMR! Canoona! upgrades! Bruce! Highway! 2013f14.! Macrozamia# serpentina,! Pimelea#

leptospermoides! salvage!and! transplant!2013;!98%! success! to!date! further! transplant! to!occur!(NCA!Permit!No.WICL14031614);!

• Air!Services!Australia!Princhester!Radar!Site!2014f15.!M.#Serpentina,!P.#leptospermoides!salvage!and!transplant!in!July!2015;!100%!success!in!nursery!conditions,!97%!success!in!ground!to!date!(NCA!Permit!No.!WICL14105014).!

!Other!analogous!projects,!but!without!data!on!success!(Information!from!Ecologica!Consulting):!• Australia! Pacific! LNG! Gas! Transmission! Pipeline.! Translocation! and! propagation! of! Cycas#

megacarpa;!• Gladstone!LNG!Gas!Transmission!Pipeline.!Cycas#megacarpa!translocation!and!propagation.!

6.4&Performance&Criteria&In!order!to!measure!the!success!of!the!management!plan,!a!set!of!performance!criteria!are!proposed!(Table&4).!

Central(Queensland(Environmental(Survey(

Page%:%25%

Table(4.(Performance(criteria(for(the(management(and(maintenance(of(Cycas&megacarpa(on(lands(for(receipt(of(transplanted(mature(Cycas(and(planted(seedlings(at(Bajool(Marble(Mine.(

Performance(criteria( Scheduling( Action(required( Trigger(level(for(action( Corrective(Action(Property(management(In%each%season%male%coning%

and%female%fruiting%occur%

widely.%

Annual%

assessment%%

A%random%walk%will%be%

conducted%during%

propagule%harvest%

Fruiting%fails;%negative%trend%

in%frequency%of%fruiting%

individuals.%%

Review%landscape%management%practices,%&%

environmental%parameters;%take%expert%

advice,%revise%management%plan%

Grass%and%weedy%herbaceous%

ground%cover%does%not%

overgrow%Cycas%juvenile%plants,%nor%does%it%form%a%

major%fire%fuel%load.%

Annual%postH

wet%assessment%

to%allow%grazing%

ahead%of%fire%

season%

PropertyHwide%traverse%

with%point%checks%on%fuel%

loads%using%DNPRSR%

Planned%Burn%Guidelines%

(NPRSR%2012)%

Excessive%fineHfuel%biomass,%

height%&/or%cover%

Pulse%graze%to%reduce%grass%biomass%&/or%

cover%to%reduce%the%liklihood%of%a%wildfire;%

Apply%controlled%burn%to%reduce%the%structure,%

biomass%&/or%cover%of%fine%woody%fuels.%%%

No%inappropriate%fire%events%

occur%within%the%property%

Annual%

assessment%%

Coordinated%fire%

management%plan%

implemented,%fuel%

reduction%achieved,%fire%

control%lines%established%&%

maintained%

Fire%management%plan%not%

implemented,%excessive%fuel%

loads%such%that%a%moderate%

of%more%severe%fire%in%

possible,%controllines%

notestablished%or%not%

maintained.%

Review%fire%management%practices%&%regional%

control%strategies.%Adjust%fire%plan%as%required.%

Declining%trend%in%priority%

weed%species%distribution,%

biomass%&%cover%

Annual%

assessment%

postHwet%

season%

Priority%weeds%sprayed,%

removed%mechanically%

onsite%&%to%reduce%extent,%

biomass%&%cover%

elsewhere.%

An%increasing%trend%in%

extent,%biomass%or%cover%in%

any%one%of%the%priority%

weeds.%

Review%performance%annually;%adjust%strategy%

or%works%plans%as%required.%

Overall(translocation(and(propagation(success(criteria(Planted%C.'megacarpa%seedlings%are%alive%within%the%

planting%site.%

Annual% Overall%planting%health%

assessed%relative%to%natural%

stands.%Key%parameters%are%

crown%integrity,%stem%

condition,%insect%damage.%

Overall%health%of%plantings%is%

declining%relative%to%natural%

stands.%

Seek%expert%advice%on%management%response%

for%plants%in%declining%condition.%Any%plantings%

that%fail%will%be%replaced.%

Transplanted%C.'megacarpa%are%alive%within%the%planting%

Annual% Overall%health%of%plantings%

is%assessed%relative%to%

Overall%health%of%plantings%is%

declining%relative%to%natural%

Seek%expert%advice%on%management%response%

for%plants%in%declining%condition.%Any%salvaged%

Central(Queensland(Environmental(Survey(

Page%:%26%

Performance(criteria( Scheduling( Action(required( Trigger(level(for(action( Corrective(Action(site.% natural%stands.%Key%

parameters%are%the%state%of%the%crown,%stem%condition,%insect%attack.%

stands.% plants%that%fail%will%be%replaced%with%the%propagation%of%additional%individuals.%

Salvaged%mature%plants%&%planted%seedlings%exhibit%phenological%responses%equivalent%to%undisturbed%plants%

Continuous% Monitor%site%phenological%responses%&%in%undisturbed%stands%–%matched%for%stem%size/growth%stage.%

Phenological%responses%fail%or%are%inconsistent%with%those%among%undisturbed%Cycas.%

Review%management%regimes,%&%symptoms%of%pathogen%infection%

Salvaged%plants%cone%or%fruit.% Annual% Translocation%deemed%successful%

N/A% N/A%

500%individual%plants%in%good%health%five%years%post%planting.%

End%of%plan% Propagation%deemed%successful%

N/A% N/A%

Central(Queensland(Environmental(Surveys(

Page%|%27%

%

7.0$Conclusions$The% proposed% WREA% within% the% MLA% includes% habitat% and% individual% plants% of% the% endangered% C.#megacarpa.%The%impacts%cannot%be%avoided%through%planning%–%although%the%extent%of%the%impacts%can%be% mitigated% through% landform% design,% through% land% management% practices,% and% revegetation% of%reconstructed% lands.%However,% for%C.#megacarpa% this%may%not%be% sufficient% to%ensure% that% there% is%no%residual%environmental%impact.%

If% the% project% is% approved% then% there% will% be% a% requirement% to% initiate% negotiations% around% the%establishment%of%a% suitable%offset% for%C.#megacarpa% in%accordance%with% the%Environmental%Offsets%Act%2014%and%Environmental%Offsets%Regulation%2014.%% $


Page%|%28%

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Retrieved%26%July%2016,%from%https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/census]of]the]queensland]flora]2013%

Cossinia#australiana,%A.%(2016).%Cossinia#australiana#|#Atlas#of#Living#Australia.%Bie.ala.org.au.%Retrieved%14%August%2016,%from%http://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2907100%

EHP%(2016)%Flora#Survey#Guidelines#–#Protected#Plants#(Nature#Conservation#Act#1992),%Conservation%and%Biodiversity%Policy%Unit,%Department%of%Environment%and%Heritage%Protection%

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Cropper,%S.%(1993).%Management#of#endangered#plants.%East%Melbourne,%Vic.,%Australia:%CSIRO%

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Data.qld.gov.au.%(2016).%Census#of#the#Queensland#Flora%2014%|%Data%|%Queensland%Government.%

[online]%Available%at:%https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/census]of]the]queensland]flora]2013%[Accessed%24%

Feb.%2016].%

DEHP]Protected%Plants.%(2014).%Flora#Survey#Guidelines#K#Protected#Plants.#Nature#Conservation#Act#1992.%Queensland:%Queensland%Government.%

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DoE%Marsdenia#brevifolia.%(2008).%Approved#Conservation#Advice#for#Marsdenia%brevifolia.%Canberra:%

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EHP%Marsdenia#brevifolia.%(2014).%Marsdenia#brevifolia#(Department#of#Environment#and#Heritage#Protection).%Wetlandinfo.ehp.qld.gov.au.%Retrieved%11%November%2014,%from%

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EHP%REDD%(2016).%Regional%ecosystem%details%|%Environment,%land%and%water%|%Queensland%Government.%Environment.ehp.qld.gov.au.%Retrieved%11%August%2016,%from%https://environment.ehp.qld.gov.au/regional]ecosystems%

EHP%Trigger%Map%(2015).%Protected#Plants#Flora#Survey#Trigger#Map%(Department%of%Environment%and%Heritage%Protection).%Ehp.qld.gov.au.%Retrieved%17%August%2015,%from%https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences]permits/plants]animals/protected]plants/map]request.php%

Halford,%D.%(1995).%Cycas#ophiolitica.%In:%Species#Management#Manual’%Department%of%Natural%Resources,%Brisbane,%Qld.%

Harden,%G.,%McDonald,%B.%and%Williams,%J.%(2007)%Rainforest#climbing#plants;#a#field#guide#to#their#

identification.%Gwen%Harden%Publishing,%Nambucca%Heads,%NSW.%

Harden,%G.,%McDonald,%W.,%&%Williams,%J.%(2006).%Rainforest#trees#and#shrubs.%Nambucca%Heads,%N.S.W.:%Gwen%Harden%Pub.%

Hill,%K.D.%(1998)%Cycadophyta,%Flora#of#Australia%48:%597%–%661.%

Marsdenia#brevifolia.%(2016).%Environment.gov.au.%Retrieved%28%July%2016,%from%http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi]bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=64585#australian_distribution.%

McDonald,%W.%(2010).%National#recovery#plan#for#the#"semiKevergreen#vine#thickets#of#the#Brigalow#Belt#

(north#and#south)#and#Nandewar#bioregions"#ecological#community.%City%East,%Qld.%Dept%of%Environment%and%Resource%Management%(Qld).%

Melzer,%A.%and%Denley%I.%(2016)%Environmental#values,#potential#impacts#&#mitigation:#Proposed#waste#

rock#dump#expansion#including#MLA80167#&#parts#of#ML3662#&#ML3663.%A%report%for%Omya%Australia’s%Bajool%Marble%Quarry.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Cawarral,%Queensland.%

Melzer,%A.,%Denley%I.,%Houston,%W.,%and%Black,%B.%(2017)%A#survey#of#koala#and#buttonKquail#associated#with#the#proposed#waste#rock#dump#expansion#(including#MLA80167#&#parts#of#ML3662#&#ML3663).%A%report%for%Omya%Australia’s%Bajool%Marble%Quarry.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Cawarral,%Queensland.%

Melzer,%R.%(2011).%Site#&#Habitat#description#for#Flora#&#Fauna#Surveys%(3rd%ed.).%Rockhampton:%Ecological%Assessment%Unit,%Conservation%Strategy%&%Planning%Queensland%parks%&%Wildlife%Service.%

Melzer,%R.%and%Plumb,%J.%(2011)%Plants#of#Capricornia.%Belgamba,%PO%Box%794,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

Neldner,%V.%(2012).%Methodology#for#survey#and#mapping#of#regional#ecosystems#and#vegetation#

communities#in#Queensland.%Brisbane,%Qld.%Dept.%of%Science,%Information%Technology,%Innovation%and%the%Arts.%


Page%|%30%

Neldner,%V.J.,%Wilson,%B.A.,%Dillewaard,%H.A.,%Ryan,%T.S.%and%Butler,%D.W.%(2017)%Methodology#for#Survey#and#Mapping#of#Regional#Ecosystems#and#Vegetation#Communities#in#Queensland.%Version%4.0.%Updated%May%2017.%Queensland%Herbarium,%Queensland%Department%of%Science,%Information%Technology%and%Innovation,%Brisbane.%124%pp.%

NPRSR%(2012).%Planned#Burn#Guidelines:#How#to#assess#if#your#burn#is#ready#to#go.%Department%of%National%Parks,%Recreation,%Sport%and%Racing,%Qld.%

Protected%Matters%Search%Tool%]%EPBC%Act%]%Home%Page.%(2015).%Environment.gov.au.%Retrieved%16%July%2015,%from%http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/protected]matters]search]tool.%

Protected%plants%flora%survey%trigger%map.%(2016).%Ehp.qld.gov.au.%Retrieved%12%August%2016,%from%https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licences]permits/plants]animals/protected]plants/map]request.php.%

Queensland%Herbarium%(2007).%National#MultiKspecies#Recovery#Plan#for#the#cycads,#Cycas#megacarpa,#Cycas#ophiolitica,#Macrozamia#cranei,#Macrozamia#lomandroides,#Macrozamia#pauliKguilielmi#and#Macrozamia#platyrhachis.%Report%to%Department%of%the%Environment%and%Water%Resources,%Canberra.%Brisbane:%Queensland%Parks%and%Wildlife%Service.%

Reynolds,%S.T.%and%West,%J.G.%(1985)%Sapindaceae,%Flora#of#Australia%25:%4%–%163.%

Specht,%R.%(1970).%Vegetation%in%Leeper,%G.W.%(ed),%Australian#Environment%(4th%ed.).%Melbourne:%Melbourne%University%Press.%

The%National%Committee%on%Soil%&%Terrain%(2009).%Australian#Soil#&#Land#Survey#Field#Handbook%(3rd%ed.).%Melbourne:%CSIRO%Pub.%

Vallee,%L.,%Hogbin,%T.M.L.,%Monks,%L.,%Makinson,%B.,%Mathes,%M.,%Rossetto,%M.%(2014)%Guidelines#for#the#

translocation#of#threatened#plants#in#Australia.%Australian%Network%for%Plant%Conservation.%

%

%


Page%|%31%

Appendix$1$Vegetation$Management$Supporting$Map$and$Essential$Habitat$$


Page%|%32%

% %


Page%|%33%

Appendix$2$Protected$Plant$Flora$Survey$Trigger$Map$ $


Page%|%34%

Appendix$3$Wildlife$Online$results$


Page%|%35%

Appendix$4$Commonwealth$Protected$Matters$%


Page%|%36%

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%


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Page%|%46%

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Page%|%47%

Appendix(5(Wells(Rock(Expansion(Area(


Page%|%48%

Appendix(6(Cycas&megacarpa(Map(


Page%|%49%

Appendix(7(Vegetation(Communities(Map(( (


Page%|%50%

Appendix(8(GPS(Track(Logs(Yellow%lines:%Track%logs%Points:%C.#megacarpa%locations%Blue%line:%Study%area%Red%line:%Direct%impact%area% (


Page%|%51%

Appendix(9(Vegetation(Plot(Results(and(Species(Lists((

Site(1.(Secondary(Site((Community(type(Low(Microphyll(Vine(Forest)((((

Site(Description(Sheet(Site(title( Date( Scribe( Plot(area(

DRF% 22%August%2016% Ian%Denley% 10x50m%Site(location:DCreek(line(40m(sth(of(Wells(Rock(dump.(

Site(Photo:(Low%Microphyll%Vine%Forest.(( (


Page%|%52%

Site(1.(Position(

AMG( Easting% Northing% Lat/Long( Latitude% Longitude%% % % % O23.81918% 150.6567%Datum:%WGS%84% Precision%(m):%5% % Waypoint%No%DRF% Altitude%range:% %% Derivation:%GPS%64% % % Derivation:% GPS%64%%Landform(pattern( Aspect%North% Land(surface(Name:%% Land%form%element:% Microrelief%type:%%Relief%class:%L% Name:%Stream%channel%&%Banks% Fragment%abundance:%4%Modal%slope%class:%ST% Slope%value%(o)%or%class:%GE%% Fragment%size:%E%Stony%Relief/modal%slope%class:%Steep%Low%Hills% Morphological%type:%V%Open%depression% Rock%outcrop:%0%%Geology(Map(sheet(name( Sheet(No( Geol.(

code(CORVEG(code( Source( Reliability(

Rockhampton% SFO56O13% DH% % % %%Soil(type(%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Colour%CORVEG( Source( Reliability( Texture( CORVEG( Munsell((dry)( pH(D% S% M% SCL% % 10YR%5.5% 6.0%%Disturbance(Type( Severity( %( site(

impacted(Date( Notes(

W% 2% 25% % Lantana.%denser%on%high%banks%of%gully%% % % % %% % % % %% % % % %%Stratum( ( Height(

(m)(( Cover(

Class(( Site(%(cover( ( Photos( Notes(

%%% Max% Min% Av.% % % cc% % No% %Emergent% % % 11% VS% % 70% % % %T1% % % 9% M% % Site%basal%area% % % %T2% % % 5% M% % %(m2/ha)% % % %T3% % % % % % 6%% % % %S1% % % 3% S% % % % % %S2% % % % % % Cryptophyte%

cover%%% % %

Ground% % % 0.5% VS% % 0%% % % %%%%%%Vegetation(classification%C.%Webb%(Vegetation(type:%%Low%Microphyll%Vine%Forest%%Regional(ecosystem:%11.11.5%%Structural(&(floristic(description% (all%strata):%Stream%channel%and%banks%with%stony%silty%clay%loam.%Emergent#Euroschinus#falcatus%with% Flindersia# australis,% Harpullia# pendula% over% a% diverse% canopy% that% includes% Terminalia# porphyrocarpa,# Pittosporum# spinescens,#Denhamia# pittosporoides,# Diospyros# geminata# and% Euroschinus# falcatus.% Vines% include% Eustrephus# latifolius,# Geitonoplesium# cymosum,#Jasminum#didymum#and# Trophis# scandens.#Ground% layers# are# very% sparse% consisting% of%Oplismenus# aemulus% and# Gahnia# aspera.%Cycas#megacarpa%present#Dominant/characteristic(species(Emergent( T1( T2( T3( S1( S2( Ground(eurofalc# Termporp# Pittspin# # Cyclocopr# # oploaemu#Flinaust# Eurofalc# Denhpitt# # Alyxrusc# # Ghanaspe#Harppend# Flinaust# Diosgemi# # Drypdepl# # ## Harppend# Bridleic# # Pittspin# # #


Page%|%53%

Site(1(species(list(&(relevant(field(notes(

Codes(for(Note(Column(

C% Cultivated% ?% Identification%uncertain%P% Patchy%distribution;%locally%abundant% +% Present%outside%boundary%of%site%only%S% Specimen%collected%for%identification% *% Introduced%species%Abundance%1%to%7.%1%=%rare,%7%=%abundant%to%monospecific.%

Species( Common(name( Status( Emergent( Canopy( Shrub( Ground( Vines(

Acacia#fasciculifera# scrub%ironbark% (( %% T1%3%%T2%3% 1% %% %%

Acacia#maidenii# Maiden's%wattle% (( %% %% 1% %% %%

Acronychia#laevis# glossy%acronychia% (( %% T2%3% 3% %% %%

Alectryon#connatus# alectryon% (( %% T2%3% 3% %% %%

Alphitonia#excelsa# red%ash% (( %%%

3% %% %%

Alyxia#ruscifolia# chainfruit% (( %% %% 5% %% %%

Breynia#oblongifolia# coffee%bush% (( %% %% 3% %% %%

Bridelia#leichhardtii# scrub%ironbark% (( %% T2%3% 3% %% %%

Carissa#ovata# current%bush% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Cissus#oblonga# native%grape% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Cupaniopsis#anacardioides# tuckeroo% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Cupaniopsis#simulata# northern%tuckeroo% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Cycas#megacarpa# tree%zamia% E% %% %% 3% %% %%

Cyclophyllum#coprosmoides# coast%canthium% %% %% %% 5% %% %%

Denhamia#oleaster# stiff%denhamia% %% %% T1%1% %% %% %%

Denhamia#pittosporoides# veiny%denhamia% %% %% T2%3% %% %% %%

Diospyros#geminata# Queensland%ebony% %% %% T2%3% %% %% %%

Diospyros#humilis# smallOleafed%ebony% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Drypetes#deplanchei# yellow%tulipwood% %% %% T2%3% 5% %% %%

Euroschinus#falcatus# ribbonwood% %% 3% T1%3%%T2%3% %% %% %%

Eustrephus#latifolius# wombat%berry% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Exocarpos#latifolius# native%cherry% %% %% T2%1% 3% %% %%

Ficus#opposita# sandpaper%fig% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Ficus#rubiginosa# rusty%fig% %% %% T2%1% 1% %% %%

Ficus#virens# white%fig% %% %% T2%1% %% %% %%

Flindersia#australis# crow's%ash% %% 1% T1%3%%T2%1% 1% %% %%

Gahnia#aspera# %% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Geijera#salicifolia# brush%wilga% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Geitonoplesium#cymosum# scrambling%lily% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Gossia#bidwillii# python%tree% %% %% T1%1%%T2%1% 1% %% %%

Grewia#latifolia# dog's%balls% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Harpullia#pendula# Queensland%tulipwood% %% 1% T1%3%% %% %% %%

Hodgkinsonia#ovatiflora# hodgkinsonia% %% %% T2%1% 1% %% %%

Jasminum#didymum# native%jasmine% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Lantana#camara# lantana% %% %% %% 7% %% %%

Trophis#scandens# burny%vine% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Mallotus#philippensis# red%kamala% %% %% %% 3% %% %%


Page%|%54%

Species( Common(name( Status( Emergent( Canopy( Shrub( Ground( Vines(

Oplismenus#aemulus# creaping%beardOgrass% %% %% %% %% 5% %%

Passiflora#suberosa# corky%passion%flower% %% %% %% %% %% 5%

Pittosporum#spinescens# wallaby%apple% %% %% T2%5% 5% %% %%

Pleiogynium#timorense# Burdekin%plum% %% %% T2%3% 1% %% %%

Polyscias#elegans# celery%wood% %% %% T2%3% 1% %% %%

Psychotria#daphnoides## smooth%psychotria% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Scolopia#braunii# flintwood% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Terminalia#porphyrocarpa# bandicoot%plum% %% %% T1%5%T2%3% %% %% %%%

% %


Page%|%55%

Site(2.(Secondary(Site((Community(type(Eucalyptus(crebra(open(forest)((((


Eucshrub% 22%August%2016% Ian%Denley% 10x50m%Site(location:DSteep(nth(slope(100m(sth(of(Wells(Rock(dump.((

Site(Photo:(Eucalyptus#crebra%shrubby%open%forest.(

(

Site(2.(Position(

AMG( Easting% Northing% Lat/Long( Latitude% Longitude%% % % % O23.819706% 150.65688%Datum:%WGS%84% Precision%(m):%5% % Waypoint% No%

EucShrub%Altitude%range:% %

% Derivation:%GPS%64% % % Derivation:% GPS%64%%Landform(pattern( Aspect%North% Land(surface(Name:%% Land%form%element:%% Microrelief%type:%%Relief%class:%L% Name:%Hillslope% Fragment%abundance:%4O5%Modal%slope%class:%ST% Slope%value%(o)%or%class:%22o%ST% Fragment%size:%C%cobbly%Relief/modal%slope%class:%Steep%Low%Hills% Morphological%type:%Simple%slope% Rock%outcrop:%0%%Geology(Map(sheet(name( Sheet(No( Geol.(


Rockhampton% SFO56O13% DH% % % %%Soil(type(%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Colour%CORVEG( Source( Reliability( Texture( CORVEG( Munsell((dry)( pH(


Page%|%56%

D% S% M% SCL% % 10YR%5.5% 7.0%%Disturbance(Type( Severity( %( site(


W% 2% 50% % Lantana%dominant%low%shrub%O% 2% 80% % Fire%to%midOstratum%% % % % %% % % % %%Stratum( ( Height(

(m)(( Cover(


%%% Max% Min% Av.% % % cc% % No% %Emergent% % % % % % 50% % % %T1% % % 17% M% % Site%basal%area% % % %T2% 12% 8% 9% S% % %(m2/ha)% % % %T3% % % % % % 7% % % %S1% 4% 1% 2.5% M% % % % % %S2% % % % % % Cryptophyte%

cover%%% % %

Ground% % % 0.5% S% % 0%% % % %%%%%%Vegetation(classification%Specht%(((((((((Vegetation(type:%%Open%Forest%%Regional(ecosystem:%11.11.15%%Structural(&(floristic(description%(all%strata):%%Shrubby%open%forest%of%Eucalyptus#crebra#and%Corymbia#tessellaris%on%steep%slopes.%Secondary%tree%layer%of%Alphitonia#excelsa#and#Terminalia#porphyrocarpa#with%Diospyros#humilis#and%Corymbia#erythrophloia.%Medium%dense%shrub%layer%of%Pittosporum#spinescens#with#Acacia#julifera,#Acacia#disparrima,#Breynia#oblongifolia#and%Cycas#megacarpa.%Sparse%ground%layer%of%Chrysopogon#fallax,#Aristida#sp.#and%Lomandra#sp.#Vines%include#Cissus#oblonga#and%Trophis#scandens.%%Dominant/characteristic(species(Emergent( T1( T2( T3( S1( S2( Ground(# Eucacreb# Lophsuav# # pittspin# # Chryfall## Corytess# Termprop# # Acacjuli# # Aristida#sp.## # Dioshumi# # Acacdisp# # Lomanda#sp.## # coryeryt# # cycamega# # #

(



C% Cultivated% ?% Identification%uncertain%P% Patchy%distribution;%locally%abundant% +% Present%outside%boundary%of%site%only%S% Specimen%collected%for%identification% *% Introduced%species%Abundance%1%to%7.%1%=%rare,%7%=%abundant%to%monospecific.%

Species( Common(name( Status( Tree(1( Tree(2( Shrub( Ground( Vines(

Acacia#disparima# hickory%wattle% (( %% %% 3% %% %%

Acacia#julifera# catkin%wattle% (( %% %% 5% %% %%

Alectryon#connatus# alectryon% (( %% 1% %% %% %%

Alphitonia#excelsa# red%ash% (( %% 5% %% %% %%

Aristida#sp.# white%spear%grass% (( %% %% %% 3% %%

Brachychiton#bidwillii# little%kurragong% (( %% %% 1% %% %%

Breynia#oblongifolia# coffee%bush% (( %% %% 3% %% %%

Cassytha#pubescens# dodder%laurel% %% %% %% %% %% 1%

Cenchrus#ciliarie# buffel%grass% %% %% %% %% 1% %%


Page%|%57%

Species( Common(name( Status( Tree(1( Tree(2( Shrub( Ground( Vines(

Chrysopogon#fallax# golden%beard%grass% %% %% %% %% 5% %%

Cissus#oblonga# native%grape% %% %% %% %% %% 1%

Corymbia#erythrophloia# variableObarked%bloodwood%

%% %% 3% %% %% %%

Corymbia#tessellaris# Moreton%bay%ash% %% 3% 3% %% %% %%

Cryptostegia#grandiflora# rubber%vine% %% %% %% %% %% 3%


Cyclophyllum#coprosmoides# coast%canthium% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Denhamia#oleaster# stiff%denhamia% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Denhamia#pittosporoides# veiny%denhamia% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Diospyros#geminata# Queensland%ebony% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Diospyros#humilis# smallOleafed%ebony% %% %% 3% 1% %% %%

Drypetes#deplanchei# yellow%tulipwood% %% %% %% %% %% %%

Eucalyptus#crebra# narrowOleaded%ironbark%

%% 3% 3% %% %% %%

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Lomandra#sp.# mat%rush% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Lophostemon#suaveolens# swamp%mahogany% %% %% 3% %% %% %%

Melinus#repens# red%Natal%grass% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Mallotus#philippensis# red%kamala% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Passiflora#suberosa# corky%passion%flower% %% %% %% %% %% 3%

Pittosporum#spinescens# wallaby%apple% %% %% %% 7% %% %%

Stachytarpheta#jamaicensis# Jamaca%snakeweed% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Terminalia#porphyrocarpa# bandicoot%plum% %% %% 5% %% %% %%

Trophis#scandens# burny%vine% %% %% %% %% %% 1%

Turraea#pubescens# native%witchOhazel% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

(

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EucWdlnd% 22%August%2016% Ian%Denley% 10x50m%Site(location:DRidgeline(170m(southeast(of(Wells(Rock(dump.(


Page%|%58%

(

Site(Photo:(Woodland%of%Eucalyptus#crebra%and%Corymbia#erythrophloia%on%ridgelines.(

( (


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Site(3.(Position(

AMG( Easting% Northing% Lat/Long( Latitude% Longitude%% % % % O23.81974% O23.81974%Datum:%WGS%84% Precision%(m):%5% % Waypoint% No%

EucWdlnd%Altitude%range:% %

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Rockhampton% SFO56O13% DH% % % %%Soil(type(%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Colour%CORVEG( Source( Reliability( Texture( CORVEG( Munsell((dry)( pH(D% S% M% SCL% % 10YR%4.5% 7.0%%Disturbance(Type( Severity( %( site(


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Ground% % % 0.3% S% % 0%% % % %%%%%%Vegetation(classification%%%Specht(((((((((Vegetation(type:%%Woodland%Regional(ecosystem:%11.11.15%Structural(&(floristic(description%(all%strata):%%Woodland% of% Eucalyptus# crebra% and% Corymbia# erythrophloia% with% Corymbia# clarksoniana% on% ridgelines.% Lophostemon#suaveolens%with%Alphitonia#excelsa%occur%as%a%secondary%tree% layer.%Very%sparse%shrub% layer%of%Alphitonia#excelsa,#Acacia#julifera,#Grewia#latifolia#with#Acacia#maidenii#and#Sida#hackettiana.%Sparse%ground%layer%dominated%by%Chrysopogon#fallax%with% Lomandra# longifolia,# Dianella# caerulea% and% Heteropogon# contortus.% Cycas# megacarpa% occurs% largely% as% isolated%individuals.#%Dominant/characteristic(species(Emergent( T1( T2( T3( S1( S2( Ground(# Eucacreb# Lophsuav# # Alphexce# # Chryfall## Coryeryt# Alphexce# # Acacjuli# # Lomalong## coryclar# # # Grewlati# # Diancaer## # # # acacmaid# # hetecont#


Page%|%60%



C% Cultivated% ?% Identification%uncertain%

P% Patchy%distribution;%locally%abundant% +% Present%outside%boundary%of%site%only%

S% Specimen%collected%for%identification% *% Introduced%species%

Abundance%1%to%7.%1%=%rare,%7%=%abundant%to%monospecific.%

Species( Common(name( Status(

Tree(1( Tree(2( Shrub( Ground( Vines(

Acacia#disparrima# hickory%wattle% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Acacia#julifera# catkin%wattle% %% %% %% 5% %% %%

Acacia#maidenii# Maiden's%wattle% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

Alphitonia#excelsa# red%ash% %% %% 1% 5% %% %%

Chrysopogon#fallax# golden%beard%grass% %% %% %% %% 5% %%

Corymbia#clarksoniana# Clarkson's%

bloodwood%

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Corymbia#erythrophloia# variable% barked%

bloodwood%

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Cryptostegia#grandiflora#

rubber%vine% %% %% %% %% %% 1%


Dianella#caerulea# blue%flaxOlily% %% %% %% %% 1% %%

Diospyros#humilis# smallOleafed%ebony% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Eucalyptus#crebra# narrow% leafed%

ironbark%

%% 3% 1% 3% %% %%

Ficus#opposita# sandpaper%fig% %% %% %% 1% %% %%


Heteropogon#contortus# black%speargrass% %% %% %% %% 1% %%


Lomandra#longifolia# mat%rush% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Lophostemon#suaveolens#

swamp%mahogany% %% %% 3% %% %% %%

Macrozamia#miquellii# %% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Melinus#repens# red%Natal%grass% %% %% %% %% 3% %%

Opuntia#spp.# prickly%pear% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Pittosporum#spinescens# wallaby%apple% %% %% %% 1% %% %%

Psyderax#odoratum# shinyOleafed%

canthium%

%% %% %% 1% %% %%

Sida#hackettiana# spiked%sida% %% %% %% 3% %% %%

% %


Page%|%61%

Appendix(10(Authors(CV’s((Central*Queensland*Environmental*Surveys*Dr%Alistair%Melzer%(T/A%Central#Queensland#Environmental#Surveys)%has%been%working%in%the%dry%tropical%environment%of%Queensland%since%1989.%He%has%worked%with%Queensland’s%industry,%government%and%community%to%resolve%environmental%problems%associated%with%project%development%and%subsequent%management.%

Relevant%expertise%includes%threatened%species%and%ecosystems%management%and%monitoring.%Alistair%is%experienced%in%formal%recovery%planning%for%threatened%species.%He%has%also%provided%site%specific%recovery%plans%and%restoration%strategies%as%well%as%expert%advice%on%the%management%of%threatened%flora%and%fauna.%

Alistair’s%experience%includes%Cycas#ophiolitica%recovery%planning%and%restoration%strategies%to%ensure%no%net%loss%of%distribution%or%abundance%following%marble%mining.%This%work%involves%understanding%distribution,%phenology,%seed%disbursal%and%germination%as%well%as%propagation%for%restoration%of%the%local%population.%

Alistair%is%experienced%in%designing%and%running%flora%and%fauna%surveys%throughout%Queensland%in%support%of%environmental%impact%assessment%(EIS),%property%maps%of%assessable%vegetation%(PMAV)%and%property%vegetation%management%plans%(PVMP),%mine%revegetation%success,%as%well%as%baseline%assessment%of%environmental%values%(ecosystems,%flora,%fauna,%weeds).%

Denley&Environmental.!Denley#Environmental#has%been%operating%in%the%Central%Queensland%Region%for%the%last%15%years.%Denley%Environmental%provides%services%in%biological%sciences,%landscape%ecology%and%environmental%assessment,%management%&%restoration.%Examples%of%threatened%species%survey%and%management%undertaken%by%Denley#Environmental%include:%%

• 2003( to( current.( Survey,(mapping( and(management( planning( for(Cycas* ophiolitica( in( Livingstone( Shire( and(Rockhampton(Regional( Council( areas.( Denley( Environmental( has(many( projects( on( record( concerning( development( applications( within(these( council( areas.( In( particular,( there( are( no( less( than( five( properties(within( or( immediately( adjacent( to( the( proposed(Panorama(Drive(route(that(have(been(the(subject(of(surveys(and(recommendations(for(the(management*of*Cycas*ophiolitica.(Other(threatened(species(projects(and(clients(served(by(Denley(Environmental(include:%

• 2004(Survey(and(translocation(plan(for(Cycas*megacarpa((endangered),(Mt(Larcom(for(Powerlink(Queensland.(

• 2005(Survey,(mapping(and(management(of(a( significant(population(of(Cupaniopsis* shirleyana* (vulnerable),(Mt(Larcom( for(Powerlink(Queensland(

• 2005(Survey,(mapping(and(management(of(Cycas*megacarpa((endangered),(Mt(Larcom(for(Powerlink(Queensland.(

• 2006.( Targeted( surveys( for( Dicanthium* queenslandicum( (endangered),( and(Marsdenia* brevifolia* (vulnerable).( Rolleston(Springsure(proposed(powerlines(for(Ergon(Energy(

• 2011.(Trioncinia*retroflexa((endangered)(population(survey,(mapping(and(recommended(management,(Springsure(Rolleston(Road(for(Ergon(Energy.(

• 2014.(Rapid( roadside(habitat(and(cultural(heritage(surveys( including( threatened(species( (Corymbia*xanthope( (vulnerable),(Macrozamia*serpentina((endangered)(and(Cycas*ophiolitica((endangered).(Bruce(Highway(Clearzone(survey,(Benaraby(to(St(Lawrence(for(the(Department(of(Transport(and(Main(Roads.(

!

%

%


Page%|%62%

CV%of%Dr.%Alistair%Melzer *

Name:( % % Alistair%John%Melzer%

%

Contact(details:%% 376%Coorooman%Creek%Road%

% % % Cawarral%Qld%4072%

% % % 0458246600%(Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys)%

% % % 0749%309944%(CQ%University)%

Date(of(birth:% % 29%March%1953%

Citizenship:% % Australian%

Dr%Alistair%Melzer%PhD%Ecology%(University%of%Queensland)%has%been%working%in%the%dry%tropical%

environment%of%Queensland%since%1989.%Dr%Melzer%has%worked%with%Queensland’s%industry,%

government%and%community%since%1995%to%resolve%environmental%problems%associated%with%project%

development%and%subsequent%management.%These%include:%

• flora%and%fauna%surveys%associated%with%formal%impact%assessment,%• environmental%management%plans%and%associated%ecosystem%health%monitoring,%• bush%fire%management%strategies,%• weed%management%plans,%and%• revegetation%strategies%and%associated%restoration%success%monitoring%in%coastal,%estuarine%

and%inland%Queensland.%%

Alistair%Melzer%also%pursues%applied%research%projects%in%partnership%with%state%agencies,%universities%

and%the%community.%Currently%these%include:%

• Koala%conservation%biology,%• Restoration%of%koala%habitat%under%climate%change,%and%• Management%of%environmental%weeds%and%the%recovery%of%fire%sensitive%ecosystems.%

%

He%has%provided%impartial,%expert%advice%to%community,%industry,%state%(New%South%Wales,%South%

Australia%and%Queensland)%federal%agencies%and%local%governments%on%a%variety%of%environmental%

issues%associated%with%conservation%biology,%biodiversity%management,%environmental%risks%

associated%with%water%management%and%coastal%industrial%development%as%well%as%environmental%

policy%interpretation.%He%has%been%formally%and%informally%involved%in%the%recovery%planning%

processes%for%the%Bridled%nailtail%wallaby,%HairyOnosed%wombat%and%the%Yellow%chat%as%well%as%

conservation%planning%for%the%Koala%and%some%ecosystems.%

%

Dr%Melzer%was%Director%of%the%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%CQUniversity,%Rockhampton%

from%2001%to%31%December%2006%where%he%managed%a%multiOdisciplinary%team%of%about%30%resource%

economists,%marine,%aquatic%and%terrestrial%ecologists,%ecotoxicologists%and%technical%staff%focused%

on%industrial%and%resource%management%issues.%

%

From%March%2008,%Dr%Melzer%has%pursued%an%independent%program%of%research,%contract%research%

and%consulting%through%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys.%He%has%authored%or%coOauthored%

over%50%scientific%papers,%and%more%than%60%technical%reports.%He%also%continues%to%supervise%

postgraduate%students%and%international%interns%at%CQUniversity.%

%


Page%|%63%

Dr%Melzer%works%on%regional%conservation%biology%and%biodiversity%management%issues%in%protected,%industrial%and%developing%landscapes%and%considers%the%complex%issues%associated%with%achieving%conservation%outcomes%within%increasingly%developed%regional%landscapes%and%coastlines.%He%continues%to%publish%scientific%and%ecological%management%papers.%He%is%an%Adjunct%Research%Fellow%at%CQUniversity.%%

Qualifications(Tertiary(education(

Doctorate#of#Philosophy%–%Botany,%University%of%Queensland%1995.%%Bachelor#of#Science#(Honours)%–%Botany,%University%of%Queensland%1988.%Bachelor#of#Science%–%Botany,%University%of%Queensland%1986.%Certificate#in#Biological#Laboratory#Techniques%O%Queensland%Institute%of%Technology%(now%Queensland%University%of%Technology)%1976.%%

Memberships(&(affiliations(Member%of%Ecological%Society%of%Australia.%Member%of%Royal%Society%of%Queensland.%Member%of%Queensland%Naturalists’%Club%Inc.%Member%of%the%Koala%Research%Network.%Member%of%the%Central%Queensland%Koala%Volunteers.%(

Employment(details(

March%2008%to%present%%Principal,%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys%January%2007%to%March%2008% Senior#Research#Fellow%July%2001%to%31%December%2006%Director,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management%(Formally%Centre%

for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management).%Nov.%1999OJuly%2001% Interim%Director,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management%(Gladstone).%1996O1999% % Senior#Research#Officer,%Central%Queensland%University.%

Leader%of%the%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme%within%the%Centre%for%Environmental%Management%in%the%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences.%

1994O1996% % Research#Fellow,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%1984O94% % Full%time%study%through%the%Botany%Department,%University%of%% %% Queensland.%1983% % % Travelled%overseas%for%12%months.%1975O82% % Technician%O%Queensland%Institute%of%Medical%Research,%Herston,%%% % % Brisbane.%1972O74% % Cadet#Technician%O%Animal%Research%Institute,%Yeerongpilly,%% %% % Brisbane.%%%%%%


Page%|%64%

Publications(%

1. Ellis,W.A.,% FitzGibbon,% S.I.,% Barth,% B.% J.,% Niehaus,% A.C.,% David,% G.% K.,% Taylor,% B.% D.,%Matsushige,%H.,%Melzer,(A.,%Bercovitch,%F.B.,%Carrick,%F.,%Jones,%D.%N.,%Dexter,%C.,%Gillett,%A.,%Predavec,%M,%Lunney,%D.,%Wilson,%R.S.%(2016)%Daylight%saving%time%can%decrease%the%frequency% of% wildlifeOvehicle% collisions.% Biological% Letters% 20160632.%http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0632%

2. AdamsOHosking,%C.,%McBride,%M.F.,%Baxter,%G.,%Burgman,%M.,%de%Villers,%D.,%Kavanagh,%R.,%Lawler,%I,%Lunney,%D.,%Melzer,(A.,%Menkhorst,%P.,%Molsher,%R.,%Moore,%B.%D.,%Phalen,%D.,%Rhodes,%J.,%Todd,%C.,%Whisson,%D.,%McAlpine,%C.%(2016)%Use%of%expert%knowledge%to%elicit% population% trends% for% the% koala% (Phascolartos# cinereus).% Diversity# and#Distributions%1O14.%DOI:%10.1111/ddi.12400%

3. Whisson,%D.A.,%Dixon,%V.,%Taylor,%M.L.,%and%Melzer,(A.%(2016)%Failure%to%respond%to%food%resource% decline% has% catastrophic% consequences% for% the% koalas% in% a% highOdensity%population% in% southern% Australia.% Plos# One% 11(1):% e0144348.%Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144348%

4. McAlpine,%C.,% Lunney,%D.,%Melzer,( A.,%Menkhorst,% P.,% Phillips,% S.,% Phalen,%D.,% Ellis,%W.,%Foley,% W.,% Baxter,% G.,% de% Villers,% D.,% Kavanagh,% R.,% AdamsOHosking,% C.,% Todd,% C.,%Whisson,%D.,%Molsher,%R.,%Walter,%M.,%Lawler,%I.%and%Close,%R.%(2015)%Conserving%Koalas%in% the% 21st% Century:% Regional% trends,% challenges% and% prognoses.% Biological#Conservation.DX.DOI.ORG/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.020%

5. Ellis,%W.,%FitzGibbon,%S.,%Pye,%G.,%Whipple,%B.,%Barth,%B.,%Johnston,%S.,%Seddon,%J.,%Melzer,(A.,%Higgins,%D.%and%Bercovitch,%F.%(2015)%The%role%of%bioacoustics%signals%in%koala%sexual%selection:%insights%from%seasonal%patterns%of%associations%revealed%with%GPSOproximity%units.%Plos#One%doi:10,1371/journal.pone.0130657.%

6. Flint,%N.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2013)%Conserving%central%Queensland’s%koalas.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%CQUniversity%Australia,Rockhampton%Queensland.%

7. Kjeldsen,%S.R.,%Zenger,%K.R.,%Leigh,%K.,%Ellis,%W.,%Tobey,%J.,%Phalen,%D.,%Higgins,%D.,%Melzer,(

A.,%FitzGibbon,%S.,%Raadsma,%H.%W.% %(2015)(GenomeOwide%SNP%loci%reveal%novel%insights%into%koala%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%population%variability%across%its%range.%Conservation#Genetics%DOI%10.1007/s10592O015O0784O3%

8. Melzer,(A.,%Ellis,%W.,%FitzGibbon,%S.,%Cristescu,%R%and%Manno,%G.%(2014)%The%habitat%and%diet% of% koalas% Phascolarctos# cinereus% in% Queensland.% Australian# Mammalogy%http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AM13032.%

9. Melzer,(A.,%Melzer,%R,%Dinwoodie,%A,%and%Beard,%D%(2014)%Recovery%of%herbaceous%species%richness%following%herbicide%treatment%of%Cenchrus#ciliaris%(buffel%grass)%O%a%pilot%study%in%Onychogalea#fraenata%(bridled%nailtail%wallaby)%habitat%restoration.%Proceedings#of#the#Royal#Society#of#Queensland.%119:%7O20.#

10. Ellis,%W.,%FitzGibbon,%S.,%Melzer,(A.,%Wilson,%R.,%Johnston,%S.,%Bercovitch,%F.%Dique,%D.%And%Carrick,%F.%(2013)%Koala%habitat%use%and%population%density:%using%field%data%to%test%the%assumptions%of%ecological%models.%Australian#Mammalogy%dx.doi.org/10.1071/AM12023%

11. Kollipara,%A.,%Polkinghorne,%A.,%Wan,%C.,%Kanyoka,%P.%Hanger,%J.,%Loader,%J.,%Callaghan,%J.,%Bell,%A.,%Elis,%W.,%FitzGibbon,%S.,%Melzer,(A.,%Beagley,%K.%and%Timms,%P.%(2013)%Genetic%diversity%of%Chlamydia#pecorum%strains%in%wild%koala%locations%across%Australia%and%the%implications%for%a%recombinant%C.#pecorum%major%outer%membrane%protein%based%vaccine.%Veterinary#Microbiology%167((3D4):%513%–%522.%

12. Lee,%K.E.,%Seddon,%J.M.,%Johnston,%S.,%FitzGibbon,%S.I.,%Carrick,%F.,%Melzer,(A.,%Bercovitch,%F.%and%Ellis,%W.%(2013)%Genetic%diversity%in%natural%and%introduced%island%populations%of%koalas%in%Queensland.%Australian#Journal#of#Zoology%htp://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ZO12075.%


Page%|%65%

13. Houston,%W.%A.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2012)%Dry%rainforests%have%a%distinct%and%more%diverse%

assemblage%of%epigaeic%invertebrates%than%eucalypt%woodlands:%implications%for%

ecosystem%health%monitoring.%Pacific#Conservation#Biology%18((2):%133%–%145.%%14. Ellis,%W.,%Bercovitch,%F.,%Fitzgibbon,%S.,%Roe,%P.,%Wimmer,%J.,%Melzer,(A.%and%Wilson,%R.%

(2011)%Koala%bellows%and%their%association%with%the%spatial%dynamics%of%freeOranging%

koalas.%%Behavioural#Ecology%doi:10.1093/arq216%15. Melzer,(A.,%Baudry,%C.,%Kadiri,%M,%and%Ellis,%W.%(2011)%Tree%use,%feeding%activity%and%diet%of%

koalas%on%St%Bees%Island,%Queensland.%Australian#Zoologist%35%(3):(870O875.%16. Melzer,(A.,%Ellis,%W.,%Gordon,%G.,%Tucker,%G.,%Kindness,%R.%And%Carrick,%F.%(2011)%Unusual%

patterns%of%tooth%wear%among%koalas%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%from%St%Bees%Island,%

Queensland,%require%reOevaluation%of%criteria%for%aging%koalas%by%toothOwear%class.%

Australian#Zoologist%35((3):%550O554.%17. Ellis,%W.,%Bercovitch,%F.,%Fitzgibbon,%S.,%Melzer,(A.,%de%Villiers,%D.%and%Dique,%D.%(2010)%

Koala%birth%seasonality%and%sex%ratio%across%multiple%sites%in%Queensland,%Australia.%

Journal#of#Mammalogy,%91((1)%177%–%182.%18. Ellis,%W.,%Melzer,(A.,%Clifton,%I.D.%and%Carrick,%F.%(2010)%Climate%change%and%the%koala%

Phascolarctos#cinereus:%water%use%and%energy.%Australian#Zoologist%35((2):%369%–%377.%19. Melzer(A,%Ellis%WA%and%Bercovitch%F.%(2010)%Observations%of%maleOonOmale%aggression%

among%Queensland%koalas%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%from%central%Queensland.%

Queensland#Naturalist%48(1D3):36O44.%20. Ellis.%W.%A.%H.,%Melzer,(A.,%and%Bercovitch,%F.%B.%(2009)%Spatiotemporal%dynamics%of%

habitat%use%by%koalas:%the%checkerboard%model.%Behavioral#Ecology#and#Sociobiology%63((8)%1181O1188.%

21. Melzer,(A.%and%Ellis,%W.A.%(2009)%Integrating%research%and%conservation%land%management%–%a%

case%study%from%koala%research%in%St%Bees%Island%national%park.%Australian#Journal#of#Environmental#Management#16:%45O50.%

22. Clifton,%I.D.,%Ellis,%W.%A.%H.,%Melzer,(A.%and%Tucker,%G.%(2007)%Water%turnover%and%the%northern%

range%of%the%koala%(Phascolarctos#cinereus).%Australian#Mammalogy%29%85%–%88.%23. Tucker,%G.,%Melzer,(A.%and%Ellis,%W.%(2007)%The%development%of%habitat%selection%by%

subadult%koalas.%Australian#Journal#of#Zoology.%55%1O5.%24. Augusteyn,%J.,%Melzer,(A.,%Porter,%G.,%Houston,%W.,%Clarke,%J.%(2005)%Terrestrial%

vertebrate%fauna%of%the%serpentine%communities%near%Marlborough.%In:%Marlborough#Serpentine#Landscape#Management#and#Conservation.%(editors%Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%and%Melzer,%A)%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%

Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld%

25. Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%and%Melzer,(A.%Eds%(2005)%Marlborough#Serpentine#Landscape#Management#and#Conservation.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%

Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld%

26. Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%and%Melzer,(A.%Eds%(2005)%The#State#of#Port#Curtis.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld.%

27. Houston,%W.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2005)%Distinguishing%effects%of%natural%disturbances%such%as%droughts%on%natural%vegetation%from%potential%industrial%influence%in%the%Port%Curtis%

area%using%regional%reference%sites%and%the%differential%response%of%closed%and%open%

canopy%vegetation..%In%The#State#of#Port#Curtis.%(%Editors%Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%

and%Melzer,%A)%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%

Gladstone,%Qld%

28. Melzer,(A.%(2005)%Towards%a%sustainable%industrialised%coastline.%In%The#State#of#Port#Curtis.%(%Editors%Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%and%Melzer,%A)%Centre%for%Environmental%

Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld.%


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29. Melzer,(A.%(2005)%Introduction.%In%Marlborough#Serpentine#Landscape#Management#and#Conservation.%(editors%Exelby,%A.,%Wormington,%K.,%and%Melzer,%A)%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld.%

30. Pfeiffer,%A.%Melzer,(A.,%Tucker,%G.,%Clifton,%D.%and%Ellis,%W.%(2005)%Tree%use%by%koalas%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%on%St%Bees%Island,%Queensland%–%report%of%a%pilot%study.%Proceedings#of#the#Royal#Society#of#Queensland%112:%47O51.%

31. Houston,%W.,%Melzer,(A.,%Van%Dyk.%S.%and%Tucker,%G.%(2004)%Range%extension%and%additional%habitat%type%for%Planigale#tenuirostris#(Marsupialia:%Dasyuridae)%in%Central%Queensland.%%Memoirs#of#the#Queensland#Museum*49:%649O652.%

32. Taylor,%J.,%Lloyd,%L.,%Melzer,(A.,%Faithful,%J.%(2004)%Conserving%ecosystems%and%managing%biodiversity%in%industrial%land%and%seascapes%–%Yabulu%Nickel%Refinery%Experience.%Partnerships%and%Pathways%to%implementation.%Inaugural%Global%Sustainable%Development%Conference,%25O29%October%Melbourne%Vic.%Mining%Council%of%Australia.%

33. Melzer.(A.,%Tucker,%G.,%Hodgon,%J.%and%Elliott,%B.%(2003)%A%note%on%predation%on%koalas%Phascolarctos# cinereus% by% raptors,% including% WedgeOtailed% eagles% Aquila# audax,% in%Queensland.%The#Queensland#Naturalist%41(1V3),%38O40.%

34. Ellis,%W.A.H.,%Melzer,(A.,%Carrick,%F.N.%and%Hasegawa%M.%(2002)%Tree%use%and%home%range%of%the%koala%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%at%Blair%Athol,%central%Queensland.%Wildlife#Research%29((3)%303O312.%

35. Lyons%K.,%Melzer(A.,%Carrick%F.%and%Lamb%D.%Eds%(2001)%The#research#and#management#of#nonVurban#koala#populations.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

36. Melzer(A.%and%Houston%W.%(2001)%An%overview%of%the%understanding%of%koala%ecology:%how%much%more%do%we%need%to%know?%In:%The#research#and#management#of#nonVurban#koala#populations%(eds%K.%Lyons,%A.%Melzer,%F.%Carrick%and%D.%Lamb).%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

37. Melzer(A.,%Carrick%F.,%Menkhorst%P.,%Lunney%D.%and%St%John%B.%(2000)%Overview,%critical%assessment%and%conservation%implications%of%koala%distribution%and%abundance.%Conservation#Biology%14((3)%619O628.%

38. Penn,%A.M.,%Sherwin,%W.B.,%Gordon,%G.,%Lunney,%D.,%Melzer,(A.,%and%Lacy,%R.C.%(2000)%Demographic%forecasting%in%Koala%Conservation.%Conservation#Biology%14((3),%629O638.%

39. Houlden,%B.%A.,%Costello,%B.H.,%Sharkey,%D.,%Fowler,%E.V.,%Melzer,(A.,%Ellis,%W.,%Carrick,%F.,%Baverstock,%P.R.%and%Elphinstone,%M.S.%(1999)%Phylogeographic%differentiation%in%the%mitochondrial%control%region%in%the%koala%Phascolarctos#cinereus%(Goldfuss,%1817).%Molecular#Ecology%8,%999O1011.%

40. Evans%R,%Johnstone%R.,%Melzer(A.%and%Wade%L.%(1997)%Any%future%for%nature%conservation%within%the%industrial%landscape%O%case%studies%from%Central%Queensland.%In:%Proceedings#V#Conservation#outside#nature#reserves.%Centre%for%Conservation%Biology,%University%of%Queensland,%Brisbane.%

41. Carrick%F.N.,%Girjes%A.A.,%Melzer(A.%and%Ellis%W.A.%(1996)%Prevalence%of%chlamydial%infection%in%a%relatively%undisturbed%koala%population.%In:%Koalas#V#Research#for#management%(editor%G.%Gordon).%Proceedings%of%the%Brisbane%Koala%Symposium,%22O23%September%1990.%World%Koala%Research%Incorporated,%Brisbane.%

42. Melzer(A.%(1996)%Terrestrial%Monitoring.%In%(editor%J.%Piorewicz)%Proceedings#of#the#Workshop#on#the#Boyne#River#estuary,%pages%76O83.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resources%and%Queensland%Alumina%Ltd.%Central%Queensland%University%Press,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

43. Melzer(A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1996)%Habitat%utilisation%by%central%Queensland%koala%colony.%In:%Koalas#V#Research#for#management#(editor%G.%Gordon).%Proceedings%of%the%Brisbane%Koala%Symposium,%22O23%September%1990.%World%Koala%Research%Incorporated,%Brisbane.%


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44. Melzer(A.,%Maclennan%D.%and%Lamb%D.%(1996)%TwentyOfour%hour%activity%and%roost%tree%use:%a%guide%to%fodder%selection%by%Central%Queensland%koalas.%In:%Proceedings#from#a#Conference#on#the#Status#of#the#Koala#in#1995.#Pp.%138O144.%Australian%Koala%Foundation,%Brisbane.%

45. Ellis%W.A.H.,%Melzer(A.,%Green%B.,%Newgrain%K.,%Hindell%M.A.%and%Carrick%F.N.%(1995)%Seasonal%variation%in%water%flux,%field%metabolic%rate%and%food%consumption%of%freeOranging%koalas%(Phascolarctos#cinereus).%Aust.#J.#Zool.%43,%59O68.%

46. Melzer(A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1994)%Low%density%populations%of%the%koala%(Phascolarctos#cinereus)%in%Central%Queensland.%Proc.#R.#Soc.#Qld,%104,%89O93.%

47. Melzer(A.,%Schneider%M.A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1994)%Insects%associated%with%the%faecal%pellets%of%the%koala,%Phascolarctos#cinereus#Goldfuss.%Australian#Entomologist%21(3),%69O70.%

48. Ellis%W.A.H.,%Girjes%A.A.,%Carrick%F.N.%and%Melzer(A.%(1993)%Chlamydial%infection%in%koalas%under%relatively%little%alienation%pressure.%Aust.#Vet.#J.%70%(11)%427O428.%

49. Worthington%Wilmer%J.M.,%Melzer(A.,%Carrick%F.%and%Moritz%C.%(1993)%Low%genetic%diversity%and%inbreeding%depression%in%Queensland%koalas:%implications%for%conservation.%Wildlife#Research,%20,%177O188.%

50. Melzer(A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1992)%Koala%habitat%in%Central%Queensland:%Implications%for%management.%In:%Fitzroy#Catchment#Symposium#Proceedings%(eds%L.J.%Duivenvoorden,%D.F.%Yule,%L.E.%Fairweather%and%A.G.%Lawrie),%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.#

Technical(Reports(%

1. Melzer,(A.%and%Denley,%I.%(2016)%Protected#plant#flora#survey,#impact#management#plan#and#offset#proposal:#Waste#rock#dump#expansion;#MLA#80671,#Omya#Australia,#Bajool#Marble#Mine.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Survey,%Cawarral,%Qld.%

2. Melzer,(A.((2016)%Fire#Strategy#for#Gawula#(110SP178490)#and#the#Recreation#Reserve#(109SP178490#State#of#Queensland#NRM)#2017#–#2021.).%A%report%for%the%Gawula%Aboriginal%Land%Trust.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Cawarral,%Qld.%

3. Melzer,(A.,%Melzer,%R.%and%Brushe,%J.%(2011)%Vegetation#of#Gawula#(110SP178490)#and#the#Recreation#Reserve#(109SP178490#State#of#Queensland#NRM).#A%report%for%the%Gawula%Aboriginal%Land%Trust.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

4. Melzer,(A.((2010)#Bajool#Marble#Quarry#Cycas%megacarpa#recovery#plan.%A%report%for%Omya%Australia.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

5. Melzer,(A.%and%Kopittke,%L.%(2010)%Stanwell%Fire%Management%Plan.%A%report%for%Stanwell%Corporation%Pty%Ltd.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton%in%association%with%Lloyd%Consulting,%Brisbane.%

6. Melzer,(A.%(2009)%Neerkol#Industrial#Precinct#Flora#and#Fauna#Study.#Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Lloyd%Consulting%and%CQUniversity%Australia’s%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Lloyd%Consulting,%Wilston,%Brisbane.%

7. Melzer,(A.%(2009)%Weed%Management%Plan,%Bajool%Marble%Quarry.%A%report%for%Omya%Australia.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

8. Melzer,(A.%(2008)%Environmental#values,#potential#impacts#and#remediation#strategies#of#a#rock#dump#within#MLA80145,#Bajool#Marble#Quarry,#Omya#Australia.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

9. Melzer,(A.,%Melzer,%R.%Hearn,%R.%(2007)%Natural#values#of#lands#proposed#to#extend#the#Stanwell#Power#Station#nature#refuge.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%CQUniversity,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

10. Connolly,%R.%M.,%Currie,%D.%R.,%Danaher,%K.%F.,%Dunning,%M.,%Melzer,(A.,%Platten,%J.%R.,%Shearer,%D.,%Stratford,%P.%J.,%Teasdale,%P.%R.,%Vandergradt,%M.%(2006)%Intertidal%wetlands%of%Port%Curtis;%


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Ecological%patterns%and%processes%and%their%implications.%Technical%Report%43%Cooperative%Research%Centre%for%Coastal%Zone,%Estuary%and%Waterway%Management,%Brisbane,%Qld.%

11. Houston,%W.,%Melzer,(A.%and%Black,%B.%(2006)%Faunal#indicators#of#rehabilitation#success#at#Callide#coal#mine#–#a#pilot#study.%%A%report%to%Anglo%Coal%(Callide%Management)%Pty%Ltd.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

12. Melzer,(A.%(2006)%An#external#reference#site#for#the#Yabulu#Nickel#Refinery#EH&M#programme.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

13. Melzer,(A.%(2006)%Managing#buffel#grass#(Cenchrus%ciliaris)#within#a#fire#prone#environment#at#Nairana#National#Park.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

14. Melzer,(A.,%Hendry,%R.,%Black,%B.%and%Wormington,%K.%(2006)%Hummock%Hill%Island%flora%and%fauna,%survey.%A%report%for%East%Wing%Corporation.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone,%Qld.%

15. Melzer,(A.,%Houston,%W.%and%Black,%B.%(2006)%Monitoring#rehabilitation#performance#at#Bajool#Quarry.%A%report%to%Omya%Australia.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

16. Wormington,%K.,%Melzer,(A.,%Stratford,%P.,%Alquezar,%R.,%Jacobs,%K.,%and%Wragg,%G.%(2006)%Flora#and#fauna#of#the#Yabulu#Coastal#Sands.#Report#10:#Spring#2005#and#Autumn#2006#monitoring.%A%report%to%Yabulu%Refinery,%QNI%Resources%Pty%Ltd.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

17. Rogers,%V.,%Melzer,(A.,%Bamberg,%B.%(2005)%Pap2.1/2.2#Burnett#Basin#Regional#Community#Water#Quality#Networks#and#Rivercare.#A#report#for#the#Burnett#Mary#Regional#Group.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone.%

18. Melzer,(A.%%(2004)%%A#proposal#for#the#characterisation#of#marine#habitats#of#Corio#Bay,#design#of#a#baseline#monitoring#programme#and#the#development#of#a#community#reporting#framework#for#Corio#Bay#health.#Prepared%for%the%Livingstone%Shire%Council.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%

19. Melzer,(A.%(2004)%Potential#consequences#of#reducing#freshwater#flow#in#Sandy#Creek.#A%report%to%Livingstone%Shire%Council.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%

20. Rogers,%V.,%Johnson,%R.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2004)%Gladstone#Area#Water#Board#environmental#monitoring#programme,#Aquatic#ecosystem#monitoring#2002:#Habitat,#biota#and#vegetation#assessment.%%A%report%to%Gladstone%Area%Water%Board.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone.%

21. Rogers,%V.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2004)%Gladstone#Area#Water#Board#environmental#monitoring#programme,#Aquatic#ecosystem#monitoring#2004:#Fish#and#habitat#assessment.#A%report%to%Gladstone%Area%Water%Board.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone.%

22. Wormington,%K.%Houston,%W.,%Melzer,(A.,%Shearer,%D.,%Rogers,%V.%and%Price,%M.%(2004)%Flora#and#fauna#of#the#Yabulu#Coastal#Sands:#technical#report#8,#Spring#2003#monitoring.#Report%to%Yabulu%Refinery QNI%Resources%Pty%Ltd.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

23. Andersen,%L%E,(Boundy,%K,%and%Melzer,(A,%(2003)%Intertidal#crabs#as#potential#biomonitors#in#Port#Curtis.#Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%Gladstone.%Report%to%CRC.%

24. Houston,%W,%Melzer,(A,%Price,%M,%McKenna,%L,%Lowry,%R,%and%Tucker,%G,%(2003)%Seasonal#Fauna#Survey#of#Newlands#Coal#Mine#(Surface).##Report%to%Newlands%Coal.%Terrestrial%Ecology%Programme,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%Rockhampton.%


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25. Houston,%W,%Melzer,(A,%Wormington,%K,%Lowry,%R,%Price,%M,%McKenna,%L,%and%Tucker,%G,%(2003)%Fauna#Survey#of#the#Mount#Morgan#Mine#MM104.%Report%to%the%Department%of%Natural%Resources%and%Mines.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%Rockhampton.%

26. Wake,%J,%Houston,%W,%and%Melzer,(A,%(2003)%Assessment#of#Proposed#Development#Site#at#

East#Point#Mackay.%Report%to%Mackay%City%Council.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.%Mackay.%

27. Currie,%D.,%Small,%K.,%Johnson,%R.,%Shearer,%D.,%Campbell,%J.,%Boundy,%K.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2002).%Halifax#Bay#marine#monitoring#programme#–#QNI,#Yabulu#monitoring:#October#2001.%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone.%

28. Houston,%W.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2002)%Baseline#biological#monitoring#of#Gladstone#airshed#

influences#on#regional#woodlands#and#forests.%%State%of%Port%Curtis%Conference,%23O25th%October%2002,%Central%Queensland%University,%Gladstone.%

29. Houston,%W.,%Melzer,(A.,%Price,%M.,%McKenna,%L.%and%Lowry,%R.%(2002)%Fauna#Survey#of#Newlands#Coal#Mine#(surface),#Winter#2002.%Interim%Report%to%Newlands%Coal.%%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

30. Houston,%W.,%Melzer,(A.,%Price,%M.%and%Rogers,%V.%(2002)#Fauna#Survey#of#Oldman#South#ML,#

May#2002.%Report%to%Queensland%Magnesia%Inc%(QMAG).%%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

31. Houston,%W.,%Wormington,%K.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2002)%Fauna#Survey#of#Mt#Morgan#Mine,#Dry#

Season#(July),#2002.%Interim%Report%to%Department%of%Natural%Resources%and%Mines.%%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

32. Melzer,(A.,%Houston,%W.,%Johnson,%R.,%Cooper,%A.,%Rogers,%V.,%Price,%M.,%Hamilton,%D.,%Lowry,%R.,%Tucker,%G.,%Yates,%E.%and%Mitchell,%C.%(2002)%Flora#and#Fauna#of#the#Yabulu#Coastal#Sands:#Report#6.#Spring#2001#Monitoring.%%Report%to%Yabulu%Refinery,%QNI%Resources%Pty%Ltd.%%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

33. Rogers,%V.,%Melzer,(A.,%Price,%M.,%Shearer,%D.%and%Wormington.%K.%(2002)%Shale#Oil#Project:#Terrestrial#flora#and#fauna#studies;#Report#15:#Biological#monitoring#of#aquatic#environments#

–#winter#2001.#Industrial%Land%Management%&%Planning,%Centre%for%Environmental%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

34. Houston,%W.,%Cooper,%A.,%Hamilton,%D.,%Augusteyn,%J.,%Attard,%T.,%Mitchell,%C.,%Champion,%I.,%Hendry,%R.,%Lobergeiger,%V.,%Rayner,%D.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2001)%Ecological#monitoring#in#the#

Calliope#and#Boyne#rivers#as#well#as#Baffle#creek:#terrestrial#riparian#monitoring.%A%report%for%the%Gladstone%Area%Water%Board.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

35. Kasel,%S.,%Melzer,(A.,%Elliott,%B.,%Cai,%L.%and%Scriffignano,%J.%(2000)%Conservation#Management#

strategy#for#the#Awoonga#Dam#area:#Fauna.#Classification#of#habitat#types.%A%report%to%the%Gladstone%Area%Water%Board.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

36. Kasel,%S.,%Elliott,%B.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2000)%Code#of#Practice:#Wildlife#rescue#within#the#

Awoonga#Dam#area.%A%report%to%the%Gladstone%Area%Water%Board.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

37. Houston,%W.%and%Melzer,(A.%(2000)%Environmental#assessment#of#the#lands#associated#with#

the#Neerkol#Orphanage.%A%report%to%Stanwell%Corporation.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%


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38. Melzer(A.,%Hendry,%R.,%Rideout,%J.,%Lewis,%S.,%Aspland,%S.%and%Gallacher,%D.%(2000)%Buffer#zone#impacts#at#the#Australian#Magnesium#Corporation#research#and#development#plant#at#Gladstone:#Report#2.#Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University.(

39. Houston%W.,%Melzer(A.,%Aspland%S.%and%Scriffignano.%J.%(1999)%Stuart#Oil#Shale#Project:#terrestrial#and#aquatic#flora#and#fauna#studies:#Report5VTerestrial#monitoring#March#V#April#1998.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University.%

40. Houston%W.,%Melzer(A.,%Elliott%B.,%Lowry%R.%and%Scriffignano%(1999)%Stuart#Oil#Shale#Project:#terrestrial#and#aquatic#flora#and#fauna#studies:#Report#3aVAudit#of#the#vertebrate#fauna#of#the#Targinie#area#north#of#Gladstone,#January#1998.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University.%

41. Houston%W.,%Melzer(A.,%Scriffignano%J.,%Elliot%B.,%Lowry%R.,%Radic%P.%and%Heinrich%B.%(1999)%Terrestrial#fauna#of#the#Stanwell#Power#Station.%A%report%to%Stanwell%Corporation.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

42. Melzer(A.%(1999)#Environment#and#conservation#management#strategy:#Yabulu#Refinery,#QNI#Resources#Pty#Ltd.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

43. Melzer,(A.,%Porter,%G.,%Houston,%W.,%Clarke,%J.,%Whereat,%C.,%Tangey,%B.%and%Augusteyn,%J.%(1999)%Investigation#of#the#habitat#of#Diplodactylus#spp.#nova#in#the#serpentine#hills#near#Marlborough.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

44. Melzer,(A.,%Rayner,%D.,%Hendry,%R.,%Knight,%R.,%Orr,%J.,%Scriffignano,%J.%Hamilton,%D.%and%Attard,%T.%(1999)%Flora#and#fauna#of#the#inundation#areas#associated#with#the#raising#of#the#Awoonga#Dam.%Centre%for%Land%and%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton,%in%association%with%Sinclair%Knight%Merz,%Rockhampton.%

45. Melzer(A.,%Walker,%M.,%Roberts,%D.,%Tucker,%G.,%Elliott,%B.,%Aspland,%S.,%Hendry,%R.,%Heinrich,%B.,%Augusteyn,%J.,%Lowry,%R.,%Price,%M.,%Knight,%R.%and%Radic,%P.%(1999)%Flora#and#fauna#of#MDL#177#–#Southern#Pacific#Petroleum#(Development).%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

46. Tucker%G.,%Rayner%D.,%Elliott%B.,%Lowry%R.%and%Melzer(A.%(1999)%Terrestrial#fauna#and#flora#of#the#South#Walker#Creek#proposed#coalmine#extension#(ML#4750)#near#Nebo,#Queensland.#Industrial%land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

47. Yates%E.%and%Melzer(A.%(1999)%Monitoring#mangroves:#a#review#with#reference#to#the#mangroves#of#Yabulu#sands.%Yabulu%Nickel%refinery,%QNI%Resources%Pty%Ltd.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

48. Clarke%J.,%Pickering%G.%and%Melzer(A.((1998)%Habitat#assessment#of#proposed#diversion#of#South#Walker#Creek#near#Nebo#in#Central#Queensland.%A%report%to%BHP%Coal.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

49. Houston%W.,%Brushe%J.%and%Melzer(A.%(1998)#Flora#and#fauna#of#the#Yabulu#coastal#sands.#A#report#to#Queensland#Nickel#Ltd.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

50. Houston%W.,%Brushe%J.%and%Melzer(A.%(1998)#Flora#and#fauna#of#the#Yabulu#coastal#sands#II:#after#the#1997#floods.#A#report#to#Queensland#Nickel#Ltd.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%


Page%|%71%

51. Melzer,(A.,%Houston,%W.,%Rayner,%D.,%and%Lowrey,%R.%(1998)%Terrestrial#fauna#of#the#serpentine#communities#associated#with#the#proposed#Marlborough#Nickel#Project.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

52. Melzer(A.%and%Pickering%G.%(1998)%Vegetation#of#the#Suttor#Creek#Project#(ML4761)#Glenden#(Nebo#Shire).%A%report%to%Newlands%Coal%Pty%Ltd.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

53. Melzer(A.,%Pickering%G.%and%Scriffignano%J.%(1998)%Vegetation#of#Stanwell#Power#Station.%A%report%to%Stanwell%Corporation.%Industrial%Land%Management%Programme,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

54. Florence%R.,%Melzer(A.%and%Smith%A.%(1997)#Recommendations#for#management#of#koalas#in#Pine#Creek#State#Forest#and#the#formulation#of#a#koala#management#plan.%A%report%on%the%Scientific%Working%Party%workshops.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

55. Houston%W.%and%Melzer(A.%(1997)%PreVsite#disturbance#audit#of#targeted#fauna#associated#with#Stage#1#dams#on#the#Stuart#Mining#Lease,#Gladstone.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

56. Melzer(A.%and%Brushe%J.%(1997)%Remnant#vegetation#conservation#and#management#strategy.%A%report%to%the%Livingstone%Shire%Remnant%Vegetation%Committee.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

57. Melzer(A.(and%Houston%W.%(1997)%Distribution#and#ecology#of#the#koala.#Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland.%Faculty%of%Applied%Science,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

58. Melzer%R.,%Pickering%G.%and%Melzer(A.%(1997)%Surveys#for#rare#and#threatened#flora#on#selected#State#Forests.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

59. Houston%W.%and%Melzer(A.%(1996)%spring#survey#of#the#avian#fauna#of#Walker#Creek,#Nebo,#Central#Queensland.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

60. Houston%W.%and%Melzer(A.%(1996)%Impact#of#the#raising#of#the#dam#wall#of#Mt#Morgan#Dam#No.#7#on#terrestrial#fauna#and#flora.%A%report%to%Mt%Morgan%Shire%Council.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Arts,%Health%and%Sciences,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

61. Houston%W.%and%Melzer(A.,%Pickering%G.%and%Elliot%B.%(1996)%Flora#and#fauna#of#Poitrel#Mining#Lease#near#Moranbah#in#Central#Queensland.%A%report%to%BHP%Coal.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resources,%Faculty%of%Applied%Science,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

62. Melzer(A.%(1996)%Assessment#of#the#significance#of#a#proposed#four#hectare#clearing#on#habitat#utilisation#by#a#population#of#koalas#at#the#CoolangattaVTweed#Golf#Club.#A%report%to%AGC%WoodwardOClyde%Pty%Ltd.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

63. Melzer(A.%(1996)%Assessment#of#the#impact#of#modifications#to#the#course#of#the#CoolangattaVTweed#Golf#Club#on#a#resident#population#of#koalas.#A%report%to%AGC%WoodwardOClyde%Pty%Ltd.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

64. Melzer(A.%(1996)%Plan#of#management#for#the#koala#population#within#the#CoolangattaVTweed#Golf#course.#Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%


Page%|%72%

65. Melzer(A.,%Hendry%R.%and%Pickering%G.%(1996)%Tramline#assessment#through#SF840#Bingera.%A%report%to%the%Isis%Central%Sugar%Mill.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resources,%Faculty%of%Applied%Science,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

66. Melzer(A.,%Houston%W.%and%Porter%G.%(1996)%Fauna#of#Curragh#Coal#Mine,#Blackwater,#Central#Queensland.#Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Development,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

67. Melzer(A.%and%Melzer%R.%(1996)%Flora#and#fauna#assessment#of#Gregory#Mine#Remnant#V#suitability#of#the#remnant#for#bridled#nailtail#captive#colony/#release#site.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

68. Melzer(A.,%Rayner%D.%and%Cox%M.%(1996)%Flora#and#fauna#on#South#Walker#Creek#Mine,#Nebo,#Central#Queensland.#A%report%to%BHP%COAL%Australia.%Koala%Research%Centre%of%Central%Queensland,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

69. Melzer(A.%and%Riley%S.J.%(1996)#Maintenance#and#management#of#biodiversity#around#the#Boyne#Island#Aluminium#Smelter.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management,%Faculty%of%Applied%Science,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

70. Melzer(A.,%Brushe%J.%and%Rey%P.%(1995)%Vegetation#of#the#Boyne#Smelters#Ltd#buffer#zone.%A%report%to%Boyne%Smelters%Ltd.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Management.%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

71. Melzer(A.%and%Childs%L.%(1995)%Terrestrial%flora%and%fauna.%In:%Biological#and#ecological#data#(excluding#fisheries)#on#the#Dawson#River#system#with#particular#reference#to#the#proposed#Nathan#Dam#(Author/editor%L.J.%Duivenvoorden).%River%and%Wetland%Ecology%Group,%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Development,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

72. Melzer(A.,(Houston%W.,%Clancy%N.,%Childs%L.%and%Rey%P.%(1995)%Fauna#of#the#Boyne#Smelters#Ltd#buffer#zone.#A%report%to%Boyne%Smelters%Ltd.%Centre%for%Land%and%Water%Resource%Development,%Central%Queensland%University,%Rockhampton.%

73. Melzer(A.%(1994)%Evaluation#of#the#proposed#Stanwell#Power#Station#Nature#Refuge.#Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton,%Qld.%

74. Melzer(A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1994)%Koala#habitat#and#its#utilisation#at#Springsure#in#Central#Queensland.#A%report%to%the%Australian%Koala%Foundation.%

75. Melzer(A.%and%Lamb%D.%(1994))%Koala#habitat#and#its#utilisation#at#Springsure#in#Central#Queensland.#A%report%to%BHP%Coal%Australia.%

76. Melzer(A.%and%Melzer%R.%(1993)%Vegetation#of#Lot#5,#Mulambin#Beach#V#recommendations#for#an#environmentally#sensitive#residential#estate.%Central%Queensland%Environmental%Surveys,%Rockhampton.%

77. Melzer(A.%(1991)%The#Stanwell#Power#Station#environs#as#koala#habitat.%A%report%to%the%Queensland%Electricity%Commission.%

%

* &


Page%|%73%

Ian&Denley.&(BSc&Biology&CQU)!

Ian%Denley%has%over%35%years’%experience%in%flora%identification%spanning%QLD,%NSW%and%WA.%

Specific%experience%in%the%identification%of%Queensland%flora%over%the%last%10%years%includes%

numerous%Property%Map%of%Assessable%Vegetation%applications,%Herbarium%map%change%applications%

and%EIA%and%EIS%flora%surveys.%

Experience%in%undertaking%surveys%for%EVNT%species%includes%%

• Rolleston(Xstrata(flora(surveys(including(targeted(threatened(species(searches;(%

• numerous(Ergon(Energy(and(Powerlink(targeted(threatened(species(searches(and((

• extensive(targeted(threatened(species(searches(and(vegetation(mapping(in(the(Livingstone(Shire( and( Rockhampton( Regional( Council( areas( including( surveys( for( Cycas* ophiolitica(within(the(majority(of(the(area(described(in(this(report(and(extending(throughout(the(area(of(the(proposed(Panorama(Drive.(

CV&of&Ian&Denley!

Ian%as%over%35%years’%experience%of%providing%ecological%expertise%and%expert%consultancy%to%clients%in%

environmental%assessment,%management%and%restoration.%Ian’s%experience%extends%from%large%scale%

survey,%mapping%and%management%in%vegetation,%fauna%and%weeds;%mine%rehabilitation%‘sign%off’%

assessments%and%mine%revegetation;%threatened%species%searches%and%conservation%management%

plans%and%fauna%rescue%(spotter%catcher)%to%large%scale%collections%of%native%seed%for%revegetation%

and%research.%Clients%are%provided%skilled%and%comprehensive%experience%gained%from%35%years%of%

handsOon%ecological%investigation,%assessment%and%restoration.%

Ian%has%experience%in:%%

· Bushfire%management%and%strategy%%

· Company%director%/business%and%HR%management%%

· Environmental%Impact%Assessment%(EIA)%&%Impact%studies%(EIS)%

· Environmental%legislation;%Federal,%State%and%local%government%

· Environmental%Relevant%Activities%applications%(ERA)%

· Fauna%habitat%survey%and%fauna%management%

· GIS%

· Marine%Plant%Survey%and%marine%plant%removal%permits%

· Mine%rehabilitation%sign%off%studies%

· Native%seed%collection,%storage%&%direct%seeding.%Commercial%and%scientific.%

· PMAV%and%herbarium%map%change%applications%

· Revegetation%of%large%scale%projects%

· Review%of%Environmental%Factors%(REF)%

· Threatened%species%survey%and%management%

· Vegetation%and%marine%offset%assessment,%acquisition%and%management%

· Vegetation%and%marine%plant%offsetting%


Page%|%74%

· Vegetation%survey%and%mapping%

· Weed%mapping,%planning%and%strategy%

Career%Summary%

Date( Position( Organisation(

2012%–%current% Owner%Manager% Denley%Environmental%

2004%O%2012% Managing%Director% Denley%Environmental%Consultants%

2009%O%2010% Director% Environmental%Offset%Management%

2002%O%2004% Environmental%Scientist% Connell%Wagner%P/L%

1998%–%2002% Contract% Livingstone%Shire%Council%

1997%O%1998% Research%Assistant% Central%Queensland%University%

1992%O1996% Partner% ReOFlora%Australia%

1985%%O%1991% Owner%Manager% Australian%Native%seed%Merchants%

1978%%O%1984% Partner% Harvest%Seed%Company%

Relevant(Project(Experience(

o Ergon% Burrum% Heads% EIA.% Flora% and% fauna% survey% and% impact% assessments.% Mitigation%strategies.%

o Ergon%Mt%Seaview%communications%tower%EIA.%o Ergon%Springsure%to%Rolleston%powerlines.%EIA.%Vegetation%survey,%threatened%species%survey%

and%management,%weed%survey%and%management,%vegetation%clearing%scoping.%o Ergon%Nebo%powerlines.%%Survey%and%assessment%of%EPBC%significance%blue%grass%communities,%

weed%survey%and%management%strategy.%o Ergon% Hay% Point% powerlines.% REF.% Survey% of% vegetation% and% weeds.% Fire% and% vegetation%

management%strategy.%o Ergon% Toogoom%powerlines% REF.% Survey% of% regional% ecosystems% vegetation.% Assessment% of%

significant%vegetation%communities%and%fauna%habitat.%Assessment%of%impacts%for%alternative%routes.%

o Ergon% Springsure% to% Rolleston% powerlines.% Threatened% species% management;% Belyando%Cobblers%Pegs.%

o Ergon%Nielsen’s%creek%powerlines%Vegetation%Impact%Assessment,%revegetation%strategy.%o Ergon%Hay%Point%Powerlines%Weed%Survey%and%strategy.%o Powerlink% Larcom% Creek% substation% Weed% Survey% and% Management.% Fauna% habitat%

assessments%and%spotter%catcher%for%clearing%operations.%%o Powerlink% QRN% transmission% lines% Duaringa,% Bluff,% and% Wycarbah.% Weed% Survey% and%

washdown%strategy.%%o Powerlink% Calvale% to% Stanwell% transmission% lines% Weed% survey% and% washdown% strategy.%

Stakeholder%meetings.%%o Powerlink% Stanwell% to% Broadsound% Transmission% Lines% Weed% Survey.% Fauna% habitat%

assessments%and%spotter%catcher%for%clearing%operations.%o Powerlink% Yarwun% to% Larcom% Creek% Transmission% Lines% Weed% Survey.% Fauna% habitat%

assessments%and%spotter%catcher%for%clearing%operations.%


Page%|%75%

o Powerlink% Wycarbah% to% Stanwell% QRN% lines.% Threatened% Species% Management.% Brigalow%Scaly%Foot%diurnal%survey%and%management%strategy.%

o Powerlink%Lilyvale%to%Broadsound%Transmission%lines.%Survey%and%assessment%of%endangered%brigalow%communities.%Management%strategies.%%

o Powerlink,%Gladstone%to%Larcom%Creek%transmission% lines.%Threatened%species%management%Cupaniopsis%shirleyana,%Cycas%megacarpa,%and%Hernandia%bivalvis.%

o Powerlink,%Gladstone%to%Larcom%Creek%transmission%lines.%EIS%vegetation%survey,%weed%survey,%threatened%species%survey.%EPBC%management%plans%and%submissions%for%a%controlled%action.%

Professional(Development(

· Certificate%IV%in%Assessment%and%Workplace%training,%Learning%Network%QLD,%2005%

· English%as%a%Second%Language.%Voluntary%Tutor%Training,%AFE,%2007%

· Managing%Multiple%Projects,%Objectives%and%Deadlines,%Skillpath,%2002%

· Open%Surface%Coal%Induction,%New%Horizons,%2010%

· Small%Business%Operations,%Pulse%Training,%1998%

Professional(Associations(

· Member,%(15%years),%Australian%Network%for%Plant%Conservation%

· Member,%(4%years),%Australasian%Wildlife%Management%Society%

· Member,%(4%years),%Birds%Australia%

· Member,%(4%years),%Society%for%Conservation%Biology%

· Member,%(6%years),%Ecological%Society%of%Australia%Inc.%

· Member,%(8%years),%Central%Queensland%Mining%Rehabilitation%Group%%

Licences(and(Permits(

Queensland%Driver’s%license%Class%C,%R%&%boat,%Commercial%Operator’s%License%&%Ground%Distribution%Contractor%License%(ACDC%Act),%Rehabilitation%permit%(S12(D)%Nature#Conservation#(Administration)#Regulation%2006,%Construction%Industry%Card%(white%card)%30670.%

Experience*

Aecom.%Proposed%Rockhampton%Road%and%Rail%Bypass.%Likelihood%analysis%and%targeted%surveys%for%threatened%flora%and%vegetation%communities.%

Cement%Australia.%East%End%mine.%Semi%evergreen%vine%thicket%vegetation%survey%and%management%plan%

Cement%Australia.%Mt%Etna%Mine.%Mine%signoff%studies%including%baseline%vegetation%surveys,%soils%microbiology,%soils%chemistry,%fauna%surveys,%rehabilitation%resilience%assessments%and%rehabilitation%monitoring.%

Cheetham%Salt%EIA.%Marine%and%woodland%vegetation%survey%and%mapping.%

Connell%Wagner.%Wiggin%Rail%Coal%Terminal%EIS.%Vegetation%Survey%and%mapping.%Verification%and%mapping%of%threatened%vegetation%communities%


Page%|%76%

Ergon%Energy.%numerous%targeted%surveys%for%threatened%flora%and%communities%including%Riordanvale,%Dawes%Range%and%Double%Sloping%Hummock%Ubinet%projects,%Springsure%to%Rolleston%powerlines,%Toogoom%Powerline%and%Avoca%substation%%

Iwasaki%Sango.%Delineation%of%EPBC%significant%coastal%rainforest%communities%for%a%development%application.%

Livingstone%Shire%Council.%Survey%and%mapping%of%EPBC%significant%population%of%Cycas%ophiolitica%and%associated%management%plans%

Powerlink%Queensland.%Yarwun%to%Larcom%creek%transmission%line%construction.%Targeted%searches%for%Cupaniopsis%shirleyana,%Atalaya%rigida%and%Hernandia%bivalvis.%Survey%of%population%characteristics%of%an%EPBC%significant%community%(Cupaniopsis%shirleyana)%and%recovery%after%clearing.%%

Powerlink%Queensland%Yarwun%to%Larcom%creek%transmission%line%construction.%Survey,%management%and%mitigation%strategy%to%conserve%a%population%of%the%endangered%Cycas%megacarpa.%

Powerlink.%Larcom%Creek%substation.%Damage%Mitigation%Permit%and%translocation%strategy%for%a%population%of%Cycas%megacarpa%

Powerlink%Queensland.%Gladstone%to%Larcom%Creek%EIS.%Vegetation%survey%and%mapping.%Targeted%searches%for%significant%flora%species,%EPBC%mitigation%submission%for%management%of%threatened%ecological%communities%(semiOevergreen%vine%thicket).%

CTSCo.%Vegetation%and%landscape%condition%surveys.%Wowan%Queensland.%

% %


Page%|%77%

Appendix(11(Cycas!megacarpa(translocation(methodology(%It%is%intended%to%salvage%Cycas#megacarpa%ahead%of%destructive%clearing%wherever%it%is%technically%feasible%and%safe%to%do%so.%The%salvaged%plants%will%be%transported%to%a%suitable%location%within%the%offset%lands.%Within%the%offset%property%translocation%sites%will%be%established%in%areas%from%which%Cycas%has%been%cleared%historically,%or%within%zones%of%low%density%Cycas#stands.%These%sites%will%be%mapped%as%part%of%an%offset%management%plan.%The%translocation%team%will%include%suitably%qualified%and%suitably%experienced%personnel.%The%methodology%applied%will%be%based%on%Queensland%Herbarium%(2007),%and%Vallee%et#al.%(2004).%

11.1(Excavation(and(Translocation(• Plants%targeted%for%translocation%will%be%surveyed,%marked%and%given%a%unique%identifier.%%• Each%plant%will%be%marked%so%that%the%original%canopy%orientation%can%be%maintained%at%the%

planting%site.%%• The%area%around%each%plant%will%be%cleared,%protecting%coralloid%roots.%%• Mature%foliage%will%be%removed%by%cutting%at%the%stem;%any%sporophylls%will%be%removed.%If%any%

are%useful%for%propagation,%these%will%be%given%a%suitable%label,%relating%them%to%the%parent%plant%and%then%included%in%the%propagation%program.%%

• Trunks%and%trimmed%crowns%will%be%sprayed%with%an%antiOtranspiration%product.%New%growth%will%not%be%treated.%

• Trenching%will%occur%around%each%plant%to%loosen%the%soil%around%the%root%bowl.%%• Each%plant%will%be%carefully%lifted%(by%hand%for%small%specimens)%ensuring%that%as%much%soil%as%

practical%is%retained%around%the%root%mass.%• At%least%1/3%of%the%roots%should%be%retained.%• Damaged%roots%will%be%pruned%(using%sterile%equipment).%All%damaged%roots%will%be%treated%with%

a%fungicide%to%reduce%the%likelihood%of%infection.%• The%treated%root%bowl%may%be%sprayed%with%a%product%to%promote%root%growth.%• Plants%will%be%placed%in%a%bag,%or%suitably%wrapped%in%hessian%for%transport.%Again,%the%coralloid%

roots%will%be%protected%during%this%process.%• Soft%slings%and%suitable%packing%will%be%used%to%protect%the%caudex%from%damage%during%

transport.%• Where%possible,%excavated%plants%will%be%taken%directly%to%a%preOprepared%hole%for%replanting.%If%

delays%occur,%then%the%plants%will%be%sprayed%with%water%to%keep%the%root%bowl%moist.%

11.2(Transplanting(• A%site%for%translocation%will%be%identified.%%• Recipient%holes%will%be%excavated%so%that%the%hole%is%about%1.5%times%the%width%of%the%root%bowl,%

but%only%slightly%deeper%than%the%plant’s%root%bowl.%• Plants%will%be%placed%in%the%hole%at%the%same%orientation%as%at%the%original%site.%• As%the%local%soil%is%derived%from%decomposed%granite%and%is%open%and%free%draining;%this%material%

will%be%carefully%packed%around%the%root%bowl%before%the%original%topsoil%is%used%to%backfill%the%hole.%

• An%antiOtranpirant%will%be%reapplied%to%reduce%water%loss.%%• The%crown%and%associated%new%growth%will%be%sprayed%with%an%insecticide%to%prevent%early%attack%

by%Lepidoptera%and%Coleoptera.%A%systemic%fungicide%will%be%applied%around%the%root%bowl.%• An%initial%deep%watering%will%occur.%• A%permanent%metal%post%will%be%set%at%a%standard%orientation,%taking%care%not%to%damage%the%root%

zone%of%the%plant.%A%permanent%tag%will%be%affixed.%This%tag%will%contain%an%approved%label.%• The%location%of%each%plant%will%be%mapped,%measured%(height%and%girth)%and%photographed.%%• All%data%will%be%recorded%in%a%central%database%to%facilitate%future%management%and%reporting.%


Page%|%78%

• A%management%plan%for%the%transplant%site%will%be%developed%and%implemented%from%the%time%of%

the%first%replanting.%This%will%involve%a%detailed%watering%and%maintenance%schedule,%weed%

control%and%pest%animal%control,%as%well%as%fire%management.%

• Where%areas%of%rot%or%mechanical%damage%become%apparent,%the%affected%parts%will%be%trimmed%

or%excavated%and%the%wound%treated%with%appropriate%sealants.%%

11.3(Monitoring(and(Reporting(A%detailed%database%and%reporting%schedule%will%be%maintained%by%both%the%proponent%and%the%

contractors%such%that%the%requirements%of%the%Code#of#Practice#for#the#harvest#and#use#of#protected#plants%(Nature%Conservation%Act%1992)%[http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licencesOpermits/plantsO

animals/documents/codeOofOpracticeOprotectedOplants.pdf]%and%associated%Protected#Plant#Harvest#Record%and%Protected#Plant#Trade#Record#[https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licencesOpermits/plantsO

animals/protectedOplants/index.html#assessment_guidelines]%are%met.%

%

%

%

%

%

%

%

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Page%|%79%

Appendix(12(Propagation(of(Cycas!megacarpa(%

The%aim%of%the%propagation%program%is%to%ensure%sufficient%seedlings%are%established%so%that%at%the%closure%of%this%plan%there%are%500%juvenile%plants%in%the%wild,%each%of%which%has%survived%in%the%wild%for%five%years.%The%assumption%is%that%this%pool%is%sufficient%for%the%eventual%survival%to%maturity%of%at%least%77%individuals.%

12.1(Collection(of(propagules(Propagules%will%be%collected%as%ripe%“seeds”%from%the%ground%or%just%prior%to%abscission%from%fertile%plants%within%lands%under%Omya%Australia%management.%The%location%of%the%parent%plant%or%group%of%plants%will%be%logged.%A%metal%post%will%be%installed%at%a%fixed%bearing%next%to%the%parent%plant.%A%permanent%tag%bearing%an%approved%label%will%be%affixed%to%the%tag.%Each%seed%will%be%placed%in%a%container%labelled%with%the%parent%plant%identifier%and%a%unique%identifier%for%that%propagule,%as%well%as%the%additional%details%required%of%an%approved%label.%%The%restoration%target%is%to%have%77%juvenile%plants,%each%of%which%has%survived%in%the%wild%for%five%years.%It%is%expected%that%there%will%be%losses%at%the%germination,%nursery%seedling%and%the%plantOout%phase%of%the%project.%Consequently,%more%than%500%propagules%will%need%to%be%collected%over%the%life%of%the%project.%Initially%a%20%%contingency%will%be%applied.%However,%as%this%will%be%a%progressive%horticultural%program,%rates%of%loss%will%be%monitored,%and%an%adaptive%collection,%germination%and%plant%husbandry%practice%employed%to%ensure%the%final%77%plant%total%is%achieved.%%Given%the%Code%of%Practice%for%the%harvest%and%use%of%protected%plants%requires%that%no%more%than%100%propagules%may%be%collected%from%a%species%in%any%single%12%month%period,%permission%may%be%sought%to%take%a%greater%number%(>/=%500)%in%any%one%year%for%a%designated%period.%%

12.2(Propagation(methodology(Collected%propagules%will%be%transported%to%an%on%site%nursery%or%an%approved%local%nursery%and%stored%in%a%controlled%space.%Seeds%will%be%deOfleshed,%and%part%buried%in%a%germination%mix.%After%germination,%and%at%the%first%leaf%stage,%the%seedling%will%be%transferred%to%200mm%pots%and%grown%on%‘till%the%root%mass%fills%the%pot.%Plants%will%be%reOpotted%as%required%for%up%to%about%3.5%years%until%the%caudex%is%about%40%mm%diameter.%

12.3(Monitoring(and(Reporting(A%detailed%database%and%reporting%schedule%will%be%maintained%by%both%the%proponent%and%the%contractors%such%that%the%requirements%of%the%Code#of#Practice#for#the#harvest#and#use#of#protected#plants%(Nature%Conservation%Act%1992)%[http://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licencesOpermits/plantsOanimals/documents/codeOofOpracticeOprotectedOplants.pdf]%and%associated%Protected#Plant#Harvest#Record%and%Protected#Plant#Trade#Record#[https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/licencesOpermits/plantsOanimals/protectedOplants/index.html#assessment_guidelines]%are%met.%%

%

%


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Appendix(13(General(planting(site(management(

13.1(Erosion(control(Disturbed%land%will%be%stabilised%and%a%cover%of%native%vegetation%established.%Channelled%storm%water%will%be%directed%away%from%the%propagation%and%translocation%sites.%Ground%cover%will%be%maintained%throughout%the%site.%

13.2(Weeds(management(The%site%will%be%subject%to%postOwet%season%monitoring.%Any%priority%weeds%will%be%destroyed,%either%through%manual%removal%or%the%targeted%application%of%herbicide.%Priority%weeds%at%this%site%include%lantana,%rubber%vine,%forms%of%Panicum%and%any%other%tall%exotic%grass%that%may%smother%seedlings.%

13.3(Pest(management(There%are%two%categories%of%pest%that%are%potentially%significant%at%this%site.%These%are%insects%and%pathogenic%fungi.%Insects%have%the%potential%to%defoliate%and%set%back%the%growth%of%transplanted%or%planted%Cycas.%The%plants%will%be%monitored%during%each%watering%for%signs%of%insect%attack.%If%this%is%evident%then%targeted%application%of%insecticide%will%be%considered.%In%some%cases%preventive%netting%with%a%fine%mesh%may%be%used%to%exclude%Lepidoptera%at%least.%Prevention%of%infection%by%pathogenic%fungi%is%based%upon%hygiene%procedures%within%the%nursery%setting%and%in%the%field.%The%latter%includes%personal,%and%equipment%washOdown%before%entering%the%property.%

13.4(Fire(management(Inappropriate%fire%intensity%is%a%major%threatening%process%for%C.#megacarpa%in%this%landscape.%An%inappropriate%season%of%burning%can%eliminate%propagules%before%maturation%or%before%seedling%establishment.%Burning%is%expected%to%set%back%growth%or%potentially%kill%newly%planted%seedlings.%Inappropriate%fire%intensity,%and%burn%duration,%causes%significant%stem%damage%or%the%destruction%of%aboveOground%stems.%The%surviving%plants%then%resprout%from%the%basal%bulb;%setting%the%plant%back%decades.%Within%the%planting%site,%fire%fuel%loads%will%be%reduced%around%the%translocated%plants%and%around%seedlings.%More%broadly,%and%in%conjunction%with%neighbours,%a%local%fire%regime%will%be%negotiated%to%ensure%the%site%is%not%subject%to%unsuitable%burns.%Where%appropriate,%a%strategic,%managed%grazing%regime%will%be%implemented%to%reduce%fire%fuel%loads.%

13.5(Protection(from(mechanical(damage(and(indirect(impacts(The%planting%area%will%be%clearly%marked%and%signposted.%Soil%compression%within%3m%of%root%zones%will%be%kept%to%a%minimum.%Avoidance%of%physical%disturbance%to%this%site%will%be%included%into%site%induction%programs.%All%workers%will%be%briefed%on%the%significance%of%Cycas%on%the%property%and%generally;%as%well%as%the%need%to%protect%the%site%and%the%individual%plants%from%direct%impacts%as%well%as%from%indirect%impacts.%Works%will%be%supervised%to%guide%workers%in%relation%to%sensitive%areas.%%Where%areas%of%rot%or%mechanical%damage%become%apparent,%the%affected%parts%will%be%trimmed%or%excavated,%and%the%wound%treated%with%appropriate%sealants.%However,%the%proposed%planting%sites%are%distant%from%mine%working%areas%and%risks%of%damage%or%soil%compaction%are%low.%%

%

%

%

%

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Appendix(14(Ecology(and(Population(Dynamics(of(Cycas!megacarpa(

14.1(Introduction(Cycas#megacarpa%is%a%woody%gymnosperm%in%the%family%Cycadaceae.%Although%cycads%are%commonly%referred%to%as%“dinosaur%plants”,%recent%genetic%work%suggests%that%contemporary%forms%evolved%relatively%recently%–%some%12%million%years%ago (Nagalingum%et#al.%2011).%This%is%a%monogeneric%family.%There%are%24%species,%subspecies%or%distinct%forms%in%the%Genus%Cycas%in%Australia%(Queensland%Herbarium%2015)%(Table(1).%Of%these,%under%the%Queensland%Nature%Conservation%Act%1992,%eight%are%vulnerable%and%three%are%classified%as%endangered.%Cycas#megacarpa%is%classified%as%endangered.%The%Commonwealth%Environment%Protection,%Biodiversity%and%Conservation%Act%1999%classifies%C.#megacarpa%as%endangered%(https://www.environment.gov.au/cgiObin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=557974).%The%International%Union%for%the%Conservation%of%Nature%(IUCN)%classifies%C.#megacarpa%as%vulnerable A2c (http://www.iucnredlist.org).%

Table(1.%Queensland%species,%subOspecies%or%forms%of%Cycas.%V=vulnerable,%E=endangered%

Species((from(Queensland(Herbarium(Census(of(Queensland(

Vascular(Plants(2015)(

Conservation(status(

(NCA(1992)(

Cycas*angulata(R.Br.((

Cycas*badensis(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*brunnea(K.D.Hill( V(

Cycas*cairnsiana(F.Muell.( V(

Cycas*candida(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*couttsiana(K.D.Hill( V(

Cycas*cupida(P.I.Forst.( V(

Cycas*desolata(P.I.Forst.( V(

Cycas*media(R.Br.((

Cycas*media(R.Br.(D(C.*platyphylla(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*media(R.Br.(subsp.(media((

Cycas*media(subsp.*banksii(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*media(subsp.(ensata(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*megacarpa(K.D.Hill( E(

Cycas*ophiolitica(K.D.Hill( E(

Cycas*papuana(F.Muell.((

Cycas*platyphylla(K.D.Hill( V(

Cycas*scratchleyana(F.Muell.((

Cycas*semota(K.D.Hill( E(

Cycas*silvestris(K.D.Hill( V(Cycas*terryana(P.I.Forst.( Recommended(

V(

Cycas*tuckeri(K.D.Hill( V(

Cycas*xipholepis(K.D.Hill((

Cycas*yorkiana(K.D.Hill((%

#


Page%|%82%

14.2(Ecology(and(Natural(History(Cycas#megacarpa#has%the%form%of%a%small%palm.%It%develops%a%small,%woody%trunk%(caudex)%up%to%

about%8m,%usually%smaller%(Figures(1(and%2).%The%caudex%may%reach%a%diameter%of%about%15cm%but%is%

usually%wider%at%the%base.%Leaves%(70%to%110%cm%long)%are%pinnate%with%between%120%and%170%leaflets.%

There%are%separate%male%and%female%plants.%Males%produce%a%single,%terminal,%ovoid%cone%of%densely%

packed%sporophylls.%Females%produce%an%open,%spirally%arranged,%terminal%rosette%or%crown%of%

sporophylls.%Each%female%sporophyll%supports%two%to%six,%near%spherical%ovules.%These%ovules%are%

initially%green,%but%change%to%orange%when%ripe.%Seeds%develop%during%summer%and%ripen%and%fall%

from%early%autumn.%Pollination%is%insect%mediated%(probably%beetles),%with%a%minor%component%of%

wind%pollination%within%relatively%dense%stands%(Hall%2011).%It%is%likely%that,%as%with%other%cycads,%C.#megacarpa#pollination%will%be%dependent%on%coOevolved,%specialist%insect%assemblages.%Ripe%seed%are%

mammal%dispersed,%although%dispersal%occurs%over%relatively%short%distances%–%a%few%metres%at%most%

(Hall%2011).%However,%in%some%sites%mechanical%disturbance%by%scrub%turkeys%can%facilitate%

movement%over%greater%distances%down%slope%(Melzer%pers.%obs).%Cycas%has%a%delayed%fertilisation%mechanism%and%seeds%may%not%germinate%‘till%9%months%after%maturity%(Queensland%Herbarium%

2007);%although%propagators%report%root%development%after%up%to%3%months%and%leaf%emergence%

after%up%to%9%months.%

Cycas#megacarpa%has%a%restricted%regional%distribution%from%around%Bouldercomb,%near%

Rockhampton,%south%to%Woolooga,%33km%northOwest%of%Gympie.%Local%populations%range%from%

isolated%plants%to%relatively%dense%stands.%Local%populations%often%have%abrupt%boundaries%with%no%

clear%explanation%for%the%stand%limits.%The%limited%seed%dispersal,%combined%with%widely%separated,%

disjunct%stands,%implies%limited%gene%exchange%across%populations.%However,%there%seems%to%be%no%

published%studies%on%the%genetics%of%C.#megacarpa%to%date.%There%is%reported%integration%with%C.#megacarpa%at%the%northern%extent%of%the%range%(Hill%1998)%although%this%has%been%challenged%(Forster%2011).%

Plants%occur%naturally%on%a%wide%range%of%terrain%and%soils.%(Queensland%Herbarium%2007,%Melzer%

pers.%obs.).%%Generally%stands%are%located%on%lower%slopes%and%minor%(1st%order)%drainage%lines%

although%isolated%to%scattered%plants%may%be%found%on%alluvia%associated%with%2nd%order%streams%

downslope%of%larger%aggregations%(Denley,%pers.%obs.,%Melzer%pers.%obs.).%%Cycas#megacarpa%is%usually%associated%with%eucalypt%forest%or%woodland%and%associated%minor%drainage%lines%on%the%lower%slopes%

of%hills%and%ranges;%however,%it%is%also%associated%with%dry%rainforests%(Table(2).%At%Bajool%Marble%

Mine,%C.#megacarpa%has%been%found%within%eucalypt%forest%and%woodland%(11.3.4,%11.3.25,%11.11.15)%and%in%microphyll%vine%forest/thickets%(11.11.5).%

The%population%structure%of%C.#megacarpa%has%had%only%limited%formal%description.%However,%the%

Queensland%Herbarium%(2007)%reported%from%a%survey%of%two%populations%that%the%proportion%of%

reporductiver%aged%plants%was%low%(11%–%14%percent)%and%that%of%juveniles%was%high%(40%–%80%percent).%

Large%adults%were%those%between%5%and%8%m%tall,%reproductive%plants%were%greater%than%1m%tall,%while%

those%less%than%0.5m%tall%were%considered%juvenile.%In%and%around%the%proposed%MLA%at%Bajool%

Marble%Mine%the%height%of%671%C.#megacarpa%was%measured.%The%majority%were%juveniles%(67.5%)%

and%the%smallest%category%were%considered%reproductive%plants%(12.4%)%when%the%Herbarium%

classification%was%applied%(Figure(3).%This%statistic%is%consistent%with%their%measures.%However,%at%

Bajool%a%male%plant%was%identified%with%a%height%of%0.6%m%suggesting%that%this%classification%may%

require%some%revision.%


Page%|%83%

Table(2.%Regional%ecosystems%that%have%been%associated%with%Cycas#megacarpa%(derived(from(https://www.environment.gov.au/cgiDbin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=557974,(Melzer(pers.(obs.)%

Regional(ecosystem(

Short(description(

11.3.1% Acacia#harpophylla%and/or%Casuarina#cristata#open%forest%on%alluvial%plains%11.3.4% Eucalyptus#tereticornis%and/or%Eucalyptus%spp.%tall%woodland%on%alluvial%plains%11.3.25% Eucalyptus#tereticornis#or%E.#camaldulensis#woodland%fringing%drainage%lines%11.3.26% Eucalyptus#moluccana%or%E.#microcarpa%woodland%to%open%forest%on%margins%of%alluvial%plains%

11.11.3% Corymbia#citriodora,%Eucalyptus#crebra,%E.#acmenoides%open%forest%on%old%sedimentary%rocks%with%varying%

degrees%of%metamorphism%and%folding.%Coastal%ranges%

11.11.4% Eucalyptus#crebra%woodland%on%old%sedimentary%rocks%with%varying%degrees%of%metamorphism%and%

folding.%Coastal%ranges.#11.11.5% Microphyll%vine%forest%+/O#Araucaria#cunninghamii#on%old%sedimentary%rock%with%varying%degrees%of%

metamorphism%and%folding#11.11.15% Eucalyptus#crebra%woodland%on%deformed%and%metamorphosed%sediments%and%interbedded%volcanics.%

Undulating%plains%

11.12.1% Eucalyptus#crebra%woodland%on%igneous%rocks.%11.12.6% Corymbia#citriodora%open%forest%on%igneous%rocks%(granite).%12.1.3% Mangrove%shrubland%to%low%closed%forest%on%marine%clay%plains%and%estuaries%

12.3.3% Eucalyptus#tereticornis%woodland%to%open%forest%on%alluvial%plains.%12.3.7% Eucalyptus#tereticornis,%Melaleuca#viminalis,%Casuarina#cunninghamiana%fringing%forest.#12.3.11% Eucalyptus#siderophloia,%E.#tereticornis,%Corymbia#intermedia%open%forest%on%alluvial%plains%usually%near%

coast#12.3.15% Corymbia#intermedia,%Syncarpia#glomulifera%open%forest%on%granite%outwash#12.5.5% Eucalyptus#portuensis,%Corymbia#intermedia%woodland%on%remnant%Tertiary%surfaces.%Usually%deep%red%

soils%

12.9%–%10.2% Corymbia#citriodora,%Eucalyptus#crebra%open%forest%on%sedimentary%rocks#12.11.5% Open%forest%complex%with%Corymbia#citriodora,#Eucalyptus#siderophloia,#E.#major%on%metamorphics%±%

interbedded%volcanics;#12.11.6% Corymbia#citriodora,%Eucalyptus#crebra%open%forest%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics%

12.11.7% Eucalyptus#crebra%woodland%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics#12.11.8% Eucalyptus#melanophloia,%E.#crebra#woodland%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics#12.11.9% Eucalyptus#tereticornis%open%forest%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics.%Usually%higher%altitudes.#12.11.12% Araucarian%complex%microphyll%vine%forest%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics;%usually%northern%

half%of%bioregion#12.11.14% Eucalyptus#crebra,%E.#tereticornis%woodland%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics#12.11.17% Eucalyptus#acmenoides%or%E.#portuensis%open%forest%on%metamorphics%±%interbedded%volcanics#12.12.3% Open%forest%complex%with%Corymbia#citriodora,#Eucalyptus#siderophloia%or%E.#crebra%or%E.#decolor,%E.#

majorand/or%E.#longirostrata,%E.#acmenoides%or%E.#portuensis%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks.#12.12.4% Eucalyptus#acmenoides%±%Syncarpia#glomulifera%tall%open%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%

rocks,%especially%granite%

12.12.5% Corymbia#citriodora,%Eucalyptus#crebra%open%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks%

12.12.7% Eucalyptus#crebra%woodland%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks#12.12.8% Eucalyptus#melanophloia%woodland%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks.%

12.12.9% Shrubby%woodland%with%Eucalyptus#dura%usually%on%rocky%peaks%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%

rocks#12.12.10% Shrubland%of%rocky%peaks%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks%

12.12.11% Eucalyptus#portuensis#or%E.#acmenoides,%Corymbia#trachyphloia%open%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%

igneous%rocks%

12.12.12% Eucalyptus#tereticornis,%E.#crebra%or%E.#siderophloia,%Lophostemon#suaveolens%open%forest%on%granite#12.12.13% Araucarian%complex%microphyll%to%notophyll%vine%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks#12.12.16% Notophyll%vine%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks.%

12.12.28% Eucalyptus#moluccana%open%forest%on%Mesozoic%to%Proterozoic%igneous%rocks.#

%

Cycas#megacarpa%appears%to%have%a%close%association%with%insect%assemblages.%The%limited%study%on%

obligate%insect%pollinators%(Hall%2011)%suggests%that%Cycas%may%regulate%pollinator%activity%by%varying%

the%concentration%of%aromatic%volatile%phytochemicals%(Terry%et#al.%2007).%New%foliar%growth%is%commonly%covered%in%a%diverse%array%of%ants,%beetles,%flies,%wasps%and%butterflies.%Foliage%provides%a%

food%source%for%at%least%one%beetle,%Lilioceris#nigripes,%and%the%lycaenid%butterfly,%Theclinesthe#onycha#capricornia;%both%can%temporarily%defoliate%some%plants.%Theclinesthe#onycha#(cycad%blue)%is%dependent%on%Cycas%and%Macrozamia%species%as%larval%food%plants.%Breeding%populations%are%most%

abundant%after%fire%when%butterflies%aggregate%around%fresh%regrowth;%and%the%foliage%supports%


Page%|%84%

many%larvae%(Braby%2000).%The%local%persistence%of%this%species%is%dependent%on%the%survival%of%local%Cycas%and%Macrozamia%populations.%Lilioceris#nigripes%is%not%dependent%on%cycads,%and%is%not%dependent%on%the%conservation%of%this%group.%

%

Figure(1.%Male%Cycas#megacarpa.%A%slightly%swollen%base%is%evident;%supporting%an%erect%singleOstemmed%caudex.%A%spirally%arranged%crown%of%foliage%and%immature%male%sporophyll%

cone%is%also%evident.((Photo:(Alistair(Melzer(2015)(


Page%|%85%

%

Figure(2.%A%female%Cycas#megacarpa%with%a%single%stemmed%caudex%arising%from%a%slightly%swollen%base.%A%crown%of%sporophylls%supporting%maturing%ovules%is%evident.%

(Photo:(Alistair(Melzer(2015)((

%


Page%|%86%

%

Figure(3.%Size%cohorts%(height%classes%in%metres)%from%a%sample%of%671%randomly%selected%plants%within%and%adjacent%to%the%proposed%clearing%footprint%within%the%MLA%at%Bajool%

Marble%Mine.%Stem%height%was%measured%to%the%nearest%cm%from%the%base%of%the%fresh%foliar%crown%to%ground%level.%(data:(Melzer(and(Denley,(unpublished(2016).%

14.3(Threatening(Processes(Key%threatening%processes%for%C.#megacarpa%(Queensland%Herbarium%2007)%include%inappropriate%or%illegal%harvest%of%mature%plants,%incremental%loss%through%land%clearing%for%coastal%development,%resource%extraction,%broad%acre%clearing%for%agriculture%(largely%stopped),%habitat%degradation%through%inappropriate%management%of%understorey%plant%communities,%inappropriate%use%of%fire%and%intensive%grazing,%and%well%as%intensification%of%road%and%infrastructure%corridors%(Table(3).%%

Table(3.%Summary%of%threats%to%Cycas#megacarpa.%

Threat% Importance% Consequence%Inappropriate%/illegal%harvest%of%mature%plants%of%seed%

Low% Reduce%or%destroy%viability%of%populations%

Costal%block/urban%development%

Low% The%development%of%coastal%estates%and%rural%blocks%is%eradicating%local%relic%populations,%and/or%altering%the%integrity%and%viability%surviving%stand%elements,%as%well%as%increasing%the%regional%fragmentation%of%stands.%Altered%land%management%practices,%fire%regimes,%invasion%of%exotic%species,%intensification%of%land%use%and%altered%soil%nutrient%fluxes%are%all%expected%to%have%deleterious%influences.%

Development%of% High% Development%of%new%corridors%and%upgrading/widening%

0%

50%

100%

150%

200%

250%

300%

0.01%O%0.1% 0.11%O%0.5% 0.51%O%1.0% 1.01%O%2.0% 2.01%O%3.0% 3.01%O%4.0% 4.01%O%5.0%


Page%|%87%

road%and%infrastructure%corridors%

of%existing%corridors%is%resulting%in%the%loss%of%relic%plants%and%small%stands,%altering%local%drainage%and%nutrient%fluxes,%intensifying%fire%impacts%in%road%reserves,%increasing%the%exposure%of%relic%Cycas%to%road%side%application,%and%increasing%the%isolation%of%remnant%stands.%

Resource%extraction%

High% Marble%mining%and%associated%infrastructure%around%Bajool%Marble%Mine%

Climate%change%and%intensifying%drought%

Unknown% There%is%some%suggestion%that%drought%may%affect%seedling%survival%and%influence%the%coning%cycle%(Queensland%Herbarium%2007)%

Inappropriate%land%management%

High% Inappropriate%fire%schedules%or%frequencies%can%result%in%the%loss%of%an%annual%seed%cohort,%destroy%or%stress%young%juveniles.%Feral%or%domestic%stock%may%cause%physical%damage%to%mature%plants%or%trample%juveniles.%Weed%invasion%may%result%in%shading%(lantana),%or%increase%fire%intensity%and%frequency%(exotic%tropical%grasses).%Conversely,%over%time%an%absence%of%fire,%combined%with%an%unsuitable%grazing%regime%may%lead%to%a%shift%in%the%surrounding%plant%community%to%a%closed%community,%reducing%light%availability%to%Cycas.%

%

14.4(References(1. Braby,%M.F.%(2000)%The#butterflies#of#Australia:#their#identification,#biology#and#distribution.%

CSIRO%Publishing%Collingswood%Victoria.%2. Forster,%P.%I.%(2011)%Cycas#terryana%P.I.%Forster%(Cycadaceae),%a%new%species%from%central%

Queensland.%Austrobaileya%8((3):%365O363.%3. Hall,%J.%(2011)%The#Ecology#of#Cycads:#Living#Representatives#of#an#Ancient#Plant#Lineage#and#

their#Interactions#with#Animals.%Thesis,%School%of%Biological%Sciences,%The%University%of%Queensland.%St%Lucia%Brisbane%Qld%

4. Hill,%D.K.%(1998)%Cycadophyta.%Flora#of#Australia%48%597O661.%5. Nagalingum,%N.S.,%Marshall,%C.R.,%Quental,%T.B,%Rai,%H.S.,%Little,%D.P.,%&%Mathews,%S.%2011.%

Recent%Synchronous%Radiation%of%a%Living%Fossil.%Sciencehttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1209926%

6. Queensland%Government.%(2015).%Census#of#the#Queensland#Flora#2015.%[ONLINE]%Available%at:%https://data.qld.gov.au/dataset/censusOofOtheOqueenslandOfloraO2015.%[Accessed%February%2016]%

7. Queensland%Herbarium%(2007)%National%MultiOspecies%Recovery%Plan%for%the%cycads,%Cycas#megacarpa,%Cycas#ophiolitica,%Macrozamia#cranei,%Macrozamia#lomandroides,%Macrozamia#pauliVguilielmi%and%Macrozamia#platyrhachis.%Report%to%Department%of%the%Environment%and%Water%Resources,%Canberra.%Queensland%Parks%and%Wildlife%Service,%Brisbane.%

8. Terry,%I.,%Walter,%G.H.,%Moore,%C.,%Roemer,%R.,%and%Hull,%C.%(2007)%OdourOmediated%pushOpull%in%cycads.%Science%http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1145147%%

9. Traill,%L.W.,%Bradshaw,%C.J.A.%and%Brook,%B.W.#(2007)#Minimum%viable%population%size:%A%metaOanalysis%of%30%years%of%published%estimates.%Biological#Conservation,%139(1)%159O166.%

10. Vallee,%L.,%Hogbin,%T.M.L.,%Monks,%L.,%Makinson,%B.,%Mathes,%M.,%Rossetto,%M.%(2014)%Guidelines#for#the#translocation#of#threatened#plants#in#Australia.%Australian%Network%for%Plant%Conservation.%

Documents

Protected!Plant!Flora!Survey,!Impact!Management! Plan!and ... · Table&of&Contents& 1.0&Document&Guide& 3& 1.1#Application#Requirements# 3# 1.2#Assessment#of#Proposed#Clearing# 3#