HIS 6813 Harvey J. Graff Fall, 1999 HSS 4.04.20 M., 5:30-8:15 458-7353 Office hours: M, 3-4:30;appointments hgraff@utsa.edu

Proseminar in History

Histories Old and New The Proseminar in History is the first part of a required six hour sequence. Consisting of a detailed investigation of a major historical topic or problem, it is also preparation for the Research Seminar in History. With attention to current research and major interpretations in a specific area, the sequence focuses attention on interrelationships tying historical research materials, methodologies to interpret them, and theoretical perspectives to guide those inquiries. The sequence culminates with the preparation of a major research paper based on primary source materials. This semester we focus on the topic and themes of Histories Old and New. In other words, history itself—in theory and practice—constitutes our main interest: the historical processes involved in the the ongoing creation and recreation, development, transformations, and reestablishment of major goals and ideals, forms, practices, ideological and institutional expressions, and their challenges during the last two centuries with special attention to the last 100 years. This framing encourages comparative perspectives over chronological time and geographical places among historians themselves, the subjects of their study, and the conduct of those studies. On one level, we will review critically the formation of the modern historical profession and its canons. On another level, we will seek to understand how the formation and then establishment of a succession of "new histories" in time leads to conflict with subsequent, proclaimed "new[er] histories. Among the many crucial problems this subject and our approach to it open for historical study and interpretation are questions of theory and practice with respect to knowledge--definitions, constructions, conflicts, organization, production, distribution; academic disciplines and popular subjects; professions and professionalization; institutions and institutionalization—private and public; ideologies and ideals such as objectivity; audiences and readerships; historical change and changes in history; and the complex relationships among history, intellectual change, culture, society, economy, politics, class, gender, race, ethncity, and other differences and hierarchies.

Requirements

1. reading, preparation., participation, and informal oral reports 2. a brief essay (no more than 3 pages) comparing the historical approaches and

interpretive practice of John Higham’s History: Professional Scholarship in America with either Georg Iggers’ New Directions in European History or Peter Novick’s That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession

3. a brief essay (no more than 3 pages) describing and exploring one field or subfield deemed a "new history," drawn from readings and anthologies listed in weeks 7-10 of the syllabus

4. formal research proposal (10-12 pages) to guide work in the next semester’s Research Seminar

Further information on all assigned will be provided in class. Books For purchase: John Higham, History: Professional Scholarship in America (Johns Hopkins UP, 1989 rev.ed.) Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge UP, 1988) Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford UP, 1990) Fernand Braudel, On History (U of Chicago, 1980 1969) Joan Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia UP, 1988) Lynn Hunt, ed., The New Cultural History (California, 1989) Terrence McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences (Michigan, 1996) Optional: Alun Munslow, Deconstructing History (Routledge, 1997) Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob, Telling the Truth about History (Norton, 1994) Georg Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography, rev. ed. (Wesleyan UP, 1984) Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Penn State, 1991)

HIS 6813 Harvey J. Graff

Proseminar in History

Histories Old and New

Syllabus

1. Introduction: History and Histories; Old, New, Newer . . . .

Background reading: Alun Munslow, Deconstructing History (Routledge, 1997) Joyce Appleby, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob, Telling the Truth about History (Norton, 1994) On Appleby et al, see also: "Forum on Telling the Truth about History," History and Theory, 34 (1995), 320-329; and "Truth, Objectivity, and History: An Exchange," Journal of the History of Ideas, 56 (1995), 651-680 Frances FitzGerald, America Revisited (Vintage, 1980)

2. Overviewing History’s History: Terms, Tones, Trajectories, Troubles/Waves of Change: New Histories and "Newer" Histories

Dorothy Ross, "The New and Newer Histories: Social Theory and Historiography in an American Key," in Imagined Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past, ed. Anthony Mohlo and Gordon S. Wood (Princeton UP, 1998), 85-106

_____, "Grand Narrative in American Historical Writing: From Romance to Uncertainty," American Historical Review [AHR], 100, 3 (June, 1995) 651-677 John Higham, History: Professional Scholarship in America (Johns Hopkins, 1989 rev.ed.) [read quickly]

Recommended:

John Higham with Leonard Krieger and Felix Gilbert, History: The Development of Historical Studies in the United States (Princeton, 1965) Georg Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography, rev. ed. (Wesleyan, 1984) Hayden White, Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe (Johns Hopkins, 1973) _____, Tropics of Discourse (Johns Hopkins, 1978) _____, The Content of the Form (Johns Hopkins, 1987)

Stephen Bann, Romanticism and the Rise of History (Twayne, 1995) _____, The Clothing of Clio (Cambridge, 1985) Bonnie Smith, The Gender of History (Harvard, 1998) Thomas Haskell, The Emergence of Professional Social Science (Illinois, 1977)

_____, ed., The Authority of Experts (Indiana, 1984) Thomas Bender, Intellect and Public Life (Johns Hopkins, 1993) David Hollinger, In the American Province (Indiana, 1985)

Dorothy Ross, Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge, 1991) Julie A. Reuben, The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality (Chicago, 1996) James Turner, "Secularization and Sacralization: Speculations on Some Religious Origins of the Secular Humanities Curriculum, 1850-1880," in The Secularization of the Academy, ed. George M.Marsden and Bradley J. Longfield (Oxford, 1992) 74-106]

3. Modern Times Aborning

"The American Historical Association: The First Hundred Years, 1884-1984" AHR, 89, 4 (Oct., 1984): Dorothy Ross, "Historical Consciousness in Nineteenth-Century America,"

909-928

David D. Van Tassel, "From Learned Society to Professional Organization: The American Historical Association, 1884-1900," 929-956

Morey D. Rothberg, "’To Set a Standard of Workmanship and Compel Men to Conform to it’: John Franklin Jameson as Editor of the American Historical Review," 957-975 August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, "J. Franklin Jameson, Carter G. Woodson, and the Foundations of Black Historiography," 1005-1015 Bonnie G Smith, "Gender and the Practices of Scientific History: The Seminar and Archival Research in the Nineteeneth Century," AHR, 100, 4 (Oct., 1995), 1150-1176

The Organization of Knowledge in Modern America, ed. Alexandra Oleson and John Vos (Johns Hopkins, 1979): John Higham, "The Matrix of Specialization," 3-18, Laurence Veysey, "The Plural Organized Worlds of the Humanities," 51-106, Charles Rosenberg, "Toward an Ecology of Learning," 440-455 Bruce Kuklick, "The Emergence of the Humanities," South Atlantic Quarterly, 89 (1990), 195-206 Recommended:

Thomas Haskell, The Emergence of Professional Social Science (Illinois, 1977) _____, ed., The Authority of Experts (Indiana, 1984) Thomas Bender, Intellect and Public Life (Johns Hopkins, 1993) David Hollinger, In the American Province (Indiana, 1985)

Dorothy Ross, Origins of American Social Science (Cambridge, 1991) Julie A. Reuben, The Making of the Modern University: Intellectual Transformation and the Marginalization of Morality (Chicago, 1996) James Turner, "Secularization and Sacralization: Speculations on Some Religious Origins of the Secular Humanities Curriculum, 1850-1880," in The Secularization of the Academy, ed. George M. Marsden and Bradley J. Longfield (Oxford, 1992) 74-106 Bonnie Smith, The Gender of History (Harvard, 1998) 4. That Noble Dream?: The "Objectivity Question" and Other Pressing Matters Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The "Objectivity Question" and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge UP, 1988), Introduction & Part I (1-110)

Selected critiques: Thomas Haskell, "Objectivity Is Not Neutrality: Rhetoric Vs. Practice in Peter Novick’s That Noble Dream," History and Theory, 29 (1990), 129-157 James T Kloppenberg, "Objectivity and Historicism: A Century of American Historical Writing, Review Article," AHR, 94, 4 (Oct., 1989) 1011-1030 AHR Forum: Peter Novick’s That Noble Dream: The Objectivity Question and the Future of the Historical Profession," AHR, 96, 3 (June 1991), 675-708 "Roundtable: ‘The Ideal of Objectivity’ and the Profession of History," Public Historian, 13 (1991), 9-24

5. 1910s-1950s: Continuities and Changes Novick, That Noble Dream, Parts II & III (111-414) & critics Recommended: Richard Hofstadter, The Progressive Historians: Turner, Beard, Parrington (Knopf, 1968) James Harvey Robinson, Charles Beard, and other major figures: works and criticism Caroline Ware, ed., The Cultural Approach to History (1940) Thomas Bender, "The New History—Then and Now," Reviews in American History, 2 (1984) 612-622, and other retrospective review essays in Reviews in American History, History and Theory, etc. Stanley Kutler, ed., American Retrospectives: Historians on Historians (Johns Hopkins, 1995)

6. The Annales: New History in Europe Peter Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The Annales School, 1929-89 (Stanford, 1990) Fernand Braudel, On History (Chicago, 1980 1969]), esp. pp. 3-22, 25-54, and choice of selections For sampling: major works of Marc Bloch, Lucien Febvre, Fernand Braudel

Recommended: Lucien Febvre, A New Kind of History and Other Essays, ed. Peter Burke (Harper and Row, 1973) Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie, "Motionless History," Social Science History, 1 (1977), 115-136 Traian Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The Annales Paradigm (Cornell, 1976) "History With a French Accent," Journal of Modern History, 44, 4 (Dec., 1972) 447-539 Review [of the Fernand Braudel Center], 1, ¾ (Winter/Spring, 1978) 7. New Histories of the 1960s and After Novick, That Noble Dream, Part IV (415-629) Select chapters to sample in: Felix Gilbert and Stephen Graubard, eds., Historical Studies Today (Norton, 1972)

Theodore K. Rabb and Robert I. Rotberg, eds., The New History: 1980s and Beyond (Princeton, 1982)

See also: Michael Kammen, ed., The Past Before Us (Cornell, 1980) Recommended: Lynn Hunt, ed., The New Cultural History (California, 1989) Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Penn State, 1991) Terrence McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences (Michigan, 1996) Eric Foner, ed., The New American History (Temple, 1990) Reviews in American History [RAH], 10, 4 (1982), "The Promise of American History" and 26, 1 (1998), "The Challenge of American History" Anthony Molho and Gordon S. Wood, eds., Imagined Histories: American Historians Interpret the Past (Princeton, 1998) For chuckles: AHR Forum: "The Old History and the New," AHR 94, 3 (June, 1989), 654-698

8. Changing History: 1960s and 1970s

David Thelen, ed., "A Round Table: What Has Changed and Not Changed in American Historical Practice?" Journal of American History [JAH] 76, 2 (Sept.,1989), 393-478

Lawrence Stone, "History and the Social Sciences in the Twentieth Century," in The Future of History, ed. Charles Dalzell (Vanderbilt, 1977), 3-42

Laurence Veysey, "Intellectual History and the New Social History," in New Directions in American Intellectual History, ed. John Higham and Paul Conkin (Johns Hopkins, 1979), 3-26 OR _____, "The ‘New’ Social History in the Context of American Historical Writing," RAH, 7, 1 (1979), 1-12 James Henretta, "Social History as Lived and Written," American Historical Review, 84 (1979), 1293-1322 Elizabeth Fox-Genovese and Eugene D. Genovese, "The Political Crisis of Social History," in their Fruits of Merchant Capital (Oxford UP, 1983), 179-212, 428-429

Sample in: Henry Abelove et al., eds., Visions of History: Interviews (Pantheon, 1983) and interviews in more recent issues of Radical History Review Recommended: John Higham and Paul Conkin, eds., New Directions in American Intellectual History (Johns Hopkins UP, 1979) Dominick LaCapra and Steven L. Kaplan, eds., Modern European Intellectual History (Cornell, 1982) Lynn Hunt, ed., The New Cultural History (California, 1989) Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Penn State, 1991) Felix Gilbert and Stephen Graubard, eds., Historical Studies Today (Norton,1972) Theodore K. Rabb and Robert I. Rotberg, eds., The New History: 1980s and Beyond (Princeton, 1982) Michael Kammen, ed., The Past Before Us (Cornell, 1980) Alan Bogue, ed. Emerging Theoretical Models in Social and Political History (Sage,1973) "History and the Social Sciences: Progress and Prospects," American Behavioral Scientist, 21, 2 (1977)

David Landes and Charles Tilly, History as Social Science (Prentice Hall, 1971) Weeks 9-10. We select from a large range of possibilities; note ancillary fields and readings (above and below). Follow your own interests and curiosity in exploring. 9. Women’s History and Gender History Joan Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia, 1988) For critiques, see: "Responses," International Review of Social History, no 31 (1987), 14-36; Scott’s "Reply," no. 32 (1987), 39-45 Louise Tilly, "Gender, Women’s History, and Social History," with Comments and Response, Social Science History, 13, (1989), 439-462; 463-482

Kathleen Canning, "Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience," Signs, 19 (1994) 368-404

Bryan D. Palmer, Descent into Discourse: The Reification of Language and the Writing of Social History (Temple, 1990) See also: Bonnie Smith, The Gender of History (Harvard, 1998) 10. New Cultural History and Turns Linguistic and Other Lynn Hunt, ed., The New Cultural History (California, 1989), esp. Introduction, chs.1,2,3,4 Terrence McDonald, ed., The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences (Michigan, 1996), esp. Introduction, chs.by McDonald, Eley, Scott (Sewell, Calhoun chs. if possible) Key examples include the work of Carlo Ginsberg, Roger Chartier, Natalie Z. Davis, Robert Darnton, among others

Recommended: Dominick LaCapra, History and Criticism (Cornell, 1985)

____, Rethinking Intellectual History (Cornell, 1983) ____, Soundings in Critical Theory (Corenll, 1989) Mark Poster, Critical Theory and Poststructuralism in Search of a Context (Cornell, 1989)

On the "linguistic turn" see: John E. Toews, "Intellectual History after the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning and the Irreducibility of Experience," AHR, 92, 4 (Oct., 1987), 879-907 AHR Forum: David Harlan, "Intellectual History and the Return of Literacture," 94, 3 (June,1989) 581-609, David Hollinger, "The Return of the Prodigal: The Persistence of Historical Knowing," 610-621 Harlan, "Reply," 622-627 Harlan exchange with Joyce Appleby in subsequent issue Allan Megill, "Recounting the Past: ‘Description," Explanation, and Narrative in Historiography," 627-653 Allan Megill and Donald N McCloskey, "The Rhetoric of History," in The Rhetoric of the Human Sciences, ed. John S. Nelson et al (Wisconsin, 1987), 221-238 Bryan D. Palmer, Descent into Discourse: The Reification of Language and the Writing of Social History (Temple, 1990)

For Race: August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, Afro-American Historiography and the Historical Profession (Illinois 1986)

For Labor Leonard Berlanstein, ed., Rethinking Labor History (Illinois, 1993) Eric Arnesen, Julie Greene, and Bruce Laurie, eds., Labor Histories (Illinois, 1998) For Ethnicity Jose’ David Saldivar, Border Matters: Remapping Cultural Studies (California, 1997) Virginia Yans-McLaughlin, ed., Immigration Reconsidered (Oxford, 1990) Werner Sollors, ed., The Invention of Ethnicity (Oxford, 1989) For Families:

Tamara Hareven and Andrejs Plakans, ed., Family History at the Crossroads (Princeton, 1987)

For PostColonial AHR Forum, 99, 5 (Dec., 1994): Gyan Prakash, "Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism," 1475-1490 Florencia M. Mallon, "The Promise and Dilemma of Subaltern Studies: Perspectives from Latin American History," 1491-1515 Frederick Cooper, "Conflict and Connection: Rethinking Colonial African History," 1516-1545

11. Research & Consultation 12. Narratives Old and New/Syntheses Lost and Found/Histories and their Publics Thomas Bender, "Wholes and Parts: The Need for Synthesis in American History," JAH, 73, 1 (June, 1986), 120-136 David Thelen, ed., "A Round Table: Synthesis in American History," JAH, 74, 1 (June, 1987), 107-130 William Cronon, "A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative," JAH, 78, 4 (Mar, 1992), 1347-1376 See also: Eric Monkkonen, "The Dangers of Synthesis," AHR, 91 (1986), 1146-1157 Lawrence Stone, "The Revival of Narrative: Reflections on a New Old History," Past and Present, no. 85 (1979), 3-24 Eric Hobsbawm, "The Revival of Narrative: Some Comments," no. 86 (1980), 3-8 Phillip Abrams, "History, Sociology, Historical Sociology," no. 87 (1980), 3-16 Stone, "History and Post-Modernism," no. 131 (1991), 217-218 Responses by Patrick Joyce, no. 133 (1991), 204-209; Catriona Kelly, no. 133 (1991), 209-213; Reply by Stone, no. 135 (1992) 189-194; Gabrielle M. Spiegel, 195-208 See also: Gabrielle Spiegel, "History, Historicism, and the Social Logic of the Text

in the Middle Ages," Specululm, 65 (1990), 59-86

On narrative, see also the work of Hayden White, noted earlier, and the lively debates in literary criticism and theory. Closer to hand, see: "Narratives and Social Identities," Social Science History, 16, 3&4 (Fall & Winter, 1992-93) For chuckles: see AHR Forum: "The Old History and the New," AHR, 94, 3 (June, 1989), 654-698: T. Hamerow, G. Himmelfarb, L. Levine, J.W. Scott, J.Toews 13. Drafting time 14.Histories Present/Future Hayden White "The Burden of History," History and Theory, 5 (1966) 111-134 George Lipsitz, "Precious and Communicable: History in an Age of Popular Culture," in his Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture (Minnesota, 1990),21-36 Casey Blake and Christopher Phelps, "History as Social Criticism: Conversations with Christopher Lasch," JAH, 80 (1994) 1310-1332 Recommended: Editorials to nos. 1& 2 of Rethinking History, Summer & Autumn, 1997 Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig, eds., Presenting the Past (Temple UP, 1986) Radical History Review issues on public histories Peter Stearns, Meaning Over Memory: Recasting the Teaching of Culture and History (North Carolina, 1993) David Thelen, ed., "Memory and American History," JAH, 75, 4 (Mar., 1989) (also published as a book, Memory and American History [Indiana, 199]) David Thelen, ed.,"The Practice of American History: A Special Issue," JAH, 81, 3 (Dec, 1994) Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen, The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life (Columbia UP, 1998)

Michael B. Katz, Improving Poor People: The Welfare State, the "Underclass," and Urban Schools as History (Princeton, 1995) David L. Ransel, ed., "Volume 100, No. 3," AHR, 100, 3 (June 1995) _____, ed., "Summing Up," AHR, 100, 4 (Oct., 1995) John Higham, "The Future of American History," JAH, 80 (1994), 1289-1309