7iD-R31 939 ALTERNATE PROPULSION ENERGY SOURCES(U) FORWARD

(ROBERT 112

39 L) OXNARD CR R L FORWARD JUN 83 AFRPL-TR-83-039F046ii-83-C-6813

UNCLASSIFIED F/ i/i N

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AFRPL TR-83-039 AD:

Phase I Report Alternate Propulsionfor the period E eg o re

Ile,3 March 1983 to Energy Sources23 May 1983

June 1983 Author: Robert L. Forward, PhD, ConsultantDr. R. L. Forward 34 Carriage Square

Oxnard, CA 93030

F04611-83-C-0013

Approved for Public Release

Distribution unlimited. The AFRPL Technical Services Office has reviewed this report, and it isreleasable to the National Technical Information Service, where it will be available to the generalpublic, including foreign nationals.

SDTIELECTI:

LU

prepared for the: Air ForceRocket Propulsion

LaboratoryAir Force Space Technology CenterSpace Division, Air Force Systems CommandEdwards Air Force Base,

3-5-16-,w California 93523

83 08 19 091... .- , -" - - ,,- - -."

~7r * . - . - - ~ r -r-.- .-..--- -

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (ihen Date Entered)_REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE READ INSTRUCTIONS

BEFORE COMPLETING FORMI. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSIQN NO. 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

AFRPL-TR-83-039

4. TITLE (and Subtitle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED ... -Phase 1 Technical Report3 Mar 83 - 23 May 83

ALTERNATE PROPULSION ENERGY SOURCES 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(&) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&)

Dr. Robert L. Forward F04611-83-C-0013

9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASKRobert L. Forward, Ph.D., Consultant AREA & WORK UNIT NUMBERS

34 Carriage SquareOxnard, California 93030 USA

II. CONTBO LLINGO EFICE.NAME AND ADDUES4 12. REPORT DATE3.r orce RocKet Propulsion Laboratory June 1983LKDH P:..13. NUMBEROF PAGES-Edwards AFB, CA 93523 95

14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & ADDRESS(If different from Controlling Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)

Unclassified 2-15a. DECLASSI FICATION/DOWNGRADING

SCHEDULE

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)

Approved for public releaseDistribution Unlimited

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, if different from Report)

II. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)

Propulsion energy, metastable helium, free-radical hydrogen,solar pumped plasmas, antiproton annihilation, ionosphericlasers, solar sails, perforated sails, microwave sails, laserpropulsion, tethers, fusion rockets, antimatter rockets

Z9 BSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide if necessary and identify by block number)

This report summarizes the results of the first phase of thereferenced contract. The task was to survey the entire fieldof advanced propulsion to uncover and carry out a technicalassessment of any concept that showed promise of leading to amajor advance in available energy sources for space power andpropulsion in the next century. In general we were to consider

FORM

DD I jAN 73 1473 EDITION OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (mien Data Entered)& _ _ . - '. _ " ' -- - . - _ - -.V - -- -: .. L -- --, -- - _ _ -, , ...: ., .. . , -. .m .

* SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(Whan Data Entered)

any concept that might derive energy from the spaceenvironment, as well as any unconventional methods of storingenergy in a compact form that may have applicability to spacepower and propulsion. The best of these were to be selected

-- for investigation in Phase 2 of the contract. We uncovered62 concepts, carried out technical assessments on 26 of the P-more promising concepts, and recommended that four concepts be -.

considered for more detailed study in Phase 2. The conceptsrecommended were solid metastable helium, solar pumped plasmas,perforated solar.sails, and antiproton annihilation propulsion.Of these, the Air Force selected two concepts to receive themajor portion of the Phase 2 effort, solar pumped plasmas and U-antiproton annihilation As time permits, studies are to alsocontinue on free radic hydrogen, quantum dynamic energy, andionospheric lasing.

SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ID AGE(When Dale Entered)

7-% T.

NOTICE

When government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purposeother than in connection with a definitely government-related procurement operation,the United States Government incurs no responsibility or obligation whatsoever. Thefact that the government may have formulated or in any way supplied the saiddrawings, specifications, or other data, is not to be regarded by implication, orotherwise in any manner construed, as licensing the holder, or any other person orcorporation; or as conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use, or sell anypotential invention that may in any way be related thereto.

FOREWARD

The work described herein was performed for the Air Force Rocket PropulsionLaboratory under Contract No. F04611-83-C-0013. The project manager was MrFranklin Mead. The program was carried out by Dr Robert L. Forward.

FRA KL M JR.Project Manager C ief, Satellite r ision Branch

FOR THE DIRECTOR

eLARK W. HAiq R DsDeputy Chief, Liquid Rocket Division

-46

. . , . ,-, -' . , . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .u.-- ,-- - * - l .'- ."

..

SECTION I

INTRODUCTION

The Phase 1 activities were defined by the Statement of Work.A condensed version of the Phase 1 SOW follows:

Phase 1: Technical Assessment

The contractor shall conduct a thorough literaturesearch and carry out an intense technical assessment ofthe latest concepts in science and engineering thatshow promise of leading to a major advance in availableenergy sources for space power and propulsion in thenext century. In general, the contractor shall studyany physical concept that might derive energy from thespace environment, as well as any unconventionalmethods of storing energy in a compact form that mayhave applicability to space power and propulsion. Thebest of these shall be investigated in Phase 2.

A literature search combined with a large number of personal

contacts with people involved in the field of advancedpropulsion insured that as many new concepts as possible wereuncovered. Although some time was spent on detailed analysiswhen the concept warranted it, most of the activities inPhase 1 were of the data collection type rather than dataanalysis.

Accer"sion For

rYT2 (' i&lDT! '

Di

I.

17

Dist /" : ( ,

SECTION II

PHASE 1 ACTIVITIES

The ten weeks of the Phase 1 technical effort involved writing71 letters, taking 7 trips, interviewing 62 people, visiting17 facilities, giving 7 lectures to a total of 350 people, andreading uncounted numbers of reports, papers, and otherdocuments. This effort resulted in the uncovering of62 propulsion energy concepts, of which 26 were well definedenough to allow a technical assessment. A list of the62 propulsion energy concepts uncovered plus the results ofthe 26 technical assessments are given in the Appendix. Thefacilities visited and the individuals interviewed are givenbelow.

FACILITIES

The following facilities were visited during Phase 1 of thiscontract:

Princeton Engineering DepartmentInstitute for Advanced Study, PrincetonPrinceton Physics DepartmentMIT Physics DepartmentJet Propulsion LaboratoryLawrence Livermore LaboratoryHughes Research LaboratoriesRockwell Space Systems DivisionR&D AssociatesUnited Technology Research CenterG-T DevicesBDM CorporationAir Force Office of Scientific ResearchNASA/Lewis Research CenterFermi National Accelerator LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of Technology

2

INTERVIEWS

The following people were interviewed during Phase 1 of thecontract. The subjects discussed are listed after the name ofthe individual.

Dean George Mueller, Princeton - plasma propulsionProf. Arnold Kelley, Princeton - MPD thrusters

- charged particle radiators-multineedle field emitter

Freeman Dyson, Inst. Adv. Study - microwave sails- monopole catalysis- laser pushed lightsails- relativistic pellet beam

Prof. William Happer, Princeton - spin polarized atomic hydrogen- "black" potassium ion beams

Dean Robert Jahn, Princeton - MPD thrusters- psychokinetics (PK)

Dr. Eugene F. Mallove - advanced propulsion library- solar sails- rotary catapult launcher- mechanical scissors launcher

Dr. Gregory Matloff - solar sails- perforated sails

Dr. Philip K. Chapman, MIT, ADL - rotating tethersProf. Daniel Kleppner, MIT - spin-polarized atomic hydrogenDr. K. Eric Drexler, MIT - lightweight solar sailsKeith Henson, Analog Prec. - solar sails

dust-filled radiatorsDr. Philip Garrison, JPL - advanced propulsionDr. Robert Frisbee, JPL - advanced propulsionDr. Jonas Zmuidzinas, JPL - metastable heliumDr. Paul Massier, JPL - antimatter propulsionDr. Duane Dipprey, JPL - antimatter propulsionDr. Giulio Varsi, JPL - solar sailsDr. William Carroll, JPL - solar sailsDr. Duncan Steel, Hughes - laser cooling of neutral beams

- Lyman alpha laserDr. A. Jay Palmer, Hughes - laser cooling of neutral beams

- solar sustained plasmasDr. Thomas O'Meara, Hughes - lightweight lenses

- coherent optical adaptive techniquesDr. Lowell Wood, LLL - x-ray lasers

- micropellet fusion rocketsDr. Roderick Hyde, LLL - dynamic towers

- micropellet fusion rocketsDr. David Morgan, LLL - antimatter propulsion

3

* Dr. George Chapline, LLL - antimatter productionDr. Alan Holt, JSC - hyperfield resonance driveGary Hudson, GCH - chemically initiated fusionKeith Lofstrom - launch loopDr. Eric Jones, LANL - interstellar propulsionG. Harry Stine - inertialess drives (Dean drive)Anita Gale, Rockwell - advanced propulsionDr. Myron Tapper, Rockwell - metastable heliumRobert Budica, Rockwell - advanced propulsionMartin Willinski, R&D Assoc. - advanced propulsion

- beamed microwave power- fission fragment rocket

Dr. Leik Myrabo, BDM - laser propulsionDr. Benjamin Adelman, science writer - advanced propulsionDr. David Brin, UCSD - tether power and propulsion systemsProf. Gregory Benford, UCI - antimatter productionRon Oglevie, Rockwell - flywheel energy storageRonald Newlon, Martin-Marietta - cryogenic oscillatorDr. Brice Cassenti, UTRC - antimatter propulsionA. E. Mensing, UTRC - nuclear lightbulb engineMichael Fowler, UTRC - laser thermal propulsionDr. Jerry Meltz, UTRC - lasing the ionosphereDr. Derek Tidman, GT-Devices - plasma pushed railgunsDr. S. A. Goldstein, GT-Devices - impact fusionDr. Leonard Caveny, AFOSR - advanced propulsionJames Muncy, Congressional Staff - advanced propulsionMorris Hornik, SSI - mass driversDr. S. Nakanishi, NASA/LRC - microwave free-radical thrusterWilliam Kerslake, NASA/LeRC - rail acceleratorsDr. George Zweig, LANL - quark catalyzed fusionDr. Vernon Sandberg, LANL - advanced propulsionDr. Peter Gram, LANL - muon catalyzed fusionDr. David Buden, LANL - nuclear reactor propulsion

- high temperature prime power engines- high temperature radiators

Fred Sparber - oscillating proton reactionless drive- stimulated K capture- electron excited nuclear radioactivity

Dr. James MacLachlan, Fermilab - antiproton beam cooling- lithium lens focusing

Dr. Carlos Hojvat, Fermilab - antiproton productionLt. Col. Roger Dekok, AF Hdq - space weaponsCapt. Stan Rosen, USAF - advanced propulsionRobert Salkeld, SDC Consultant - advanced propulsionWilliam Stump, Eagle Engineering - advanced propulsion

4

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SECTION III

CONCLUSIONS

Of the 26 concepts that received technical assessment inPhase 1, we recommended that four be considered for moredetailed study in Phase 2. The concepts recommended were solidmetastable helium, solar pumped plasmas, perforated solarsails, and antiproton annihilation propulsion. Of these, theAir Force selected two concepts to receive the major portion ofthe Phase 2 effort, solar pumped plasmas and antiprotonannihilation. As time permits, studies are to also continue onfree radical hydrogen, quantum dynamic energy, and ionosphericlasing.

The activities in Phase 2 will be governed by the Statement ofWork. A condensed version of the Phase 2 SOW follows:

Phase 2: Concept Definition

The contractor shall identify the problems that stillexist in making the selected concepts feasible, andidentify the people or groups of people that can bestanalyze and propose solutions for those remainingproblems. The contractor shall then assemble that teamof investigators to attack the remaining problems inthe selected technologies and put together a programplan that will be proposed to the Air Force RocketPropulsion Laboratory. This program plan will outlinethe steps required for full development of the selectedconcepts.

I. r:.

APPENDIX

PHASE 1 PROGRAM REVIEW DATA PACKAGE

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