Proposed New By-laws

Proposed New By-lawsThe Central Association of Science and Mathematics Teachers,

Inc. is the oldest professsional organization of teachers of science andmathematics in this country. Even though there have been manyaccomplishments over the past seventy years in which we can takemuch pride, our growth has not followed the growth of other organiza-tions. One of the alledged reasons has been our name and the structureprovided in our By-laws.

Although there have been many minor changes in our By-laws dur-ing the past several years, there has not been a major re-structuringfor over thirty years. Last fall the Board of Directors authorizedmany changes and approved a re-drafting of the By-laws. Following isthe eighth draft of an effort which has involved eight months of efforton the part of the Executive Committee, the entire Board of Direc-tors, committee chairmen, and many of our past presidents.The Board of Directors has unimously approved this draft and

recommends its approval by the membership at our annual businessmeeting in Chicago in November. Our current By-laws require Boardapproval, publication in two issues of School Science and Mathemat-ics (this is the first such printing), and final approval of the membersat their annual meeting.

If there are questions, comments, or points needing clarificationprior to the Business Meeting, please contact me or other Board mem-bers. We are all anxious to see CASMT (or the proposed SSMA)continue to grow, to prosper, and to be the vital force in science andmathematics education that it could be. We feel the change in nameand structural will improve the chances of the organization beingsuch a force.

ROBERT E. YAGERPresident 1969-70

School Science and Mathematics Association, Inc.By-LawsNAME

ARTICLE IThe Central Association of Science and Mathematics Teachers, Incorporated

in the State of Illinois, shall henceforth be known under the corporate name ofSchool Science and Mathematics Association, Incorporated.

OBJECTIVESARTICLE IIThe purposes of the Association are exclusively scientific, educational literary,

not-for-profit, charitable and no other, and in furtherance of only these purposes

663

664 School Science and Mathematics

the particular business and objects of said corporation shall be (a) to facilitatethe dissemination of knowledge in mathematics and the sciences, (b) to encouragecritical thinking and the utilization of the methods of science through instructionin science and mathematics; (c) to emphasize the interdependence of mathe-matics and the sciences in education, research, writing, and curriculum develop-ment; (d) to provide the means for dialogue among teachers of mathematics andthe various sciences; (e) to identify and to help solve problems common to scienceand mathematics education; (f) to make information available to teachers con-cerning selection, organization and use of instructional materials and methods inthe sciences and mathematics; (g) to stress the interrelationships of mathematicsand the sciences with other disciplines; (h) to plan, organize, administer, andevaluate projects that are in keeping with the aims of science and mathematicseducation; (i) to work for the improvement of the professional qualifications ofteachers in the sciences and mathematics; (j) to encourage research in scienceand mathematics education and their interrelationships; (k) to cooperate withother professional organizations in efforts to improve education; (1) to helpinform teachers, administrators, and the public of studies which suggest betterways for students to learn mathematics and science; (m) to identify issues, makecollective statements of policy, and publicize such positions as they suggestimprovement of instruction and of the profession generally; (n) to help evaluateeffective teaching practices in science and mathematics; (o) to assist withidentifying aspects of science and mathematics which illustrate societal issues andconcerns.

MEMBERSHIP

ARTICLE III1. There are six classes of membership: Active, Student, Emeritus, Honorary,

Sustaining and Life. The number of members in all classes is limited only byeligibility except that the total number of living Honorary Members shall not ex-ceed fifty. Not more than five Honorary Members may be elected per year. Allclasses of members shall receive those publications of the Association specifiedby the Board of Directors. All members may vote and hold office except forsustaining members. Each Sustaining Member may be represented at any meet-ing of the Association by one delegate appointed by the Sustaining Member.Such representation is for means of communication on a non-voting basis.

2. The eligibility for the six classes of membership are:(a) Active Members. Any person sympathetic to the objectives of the As-

sociation, who has paid his membership dues and completed an application blankis an Active Member of the Association.

(b) Student Members. Any full-time student, who is sponsored by a collegesponsor, who is sympathetic to the objectives of the Association, who has com-pleted an application blank, and who pays dues equal to one-half the amountset for Active Members, is a Student Member of the Association.

(c) Emeritus Member. Any Active Member who has been in good standingin the Association for a minimum of twenty-five (25) years is eligible for Emeritusstatus upon retirement. Any Active Member who requests such status and whosequalifications have been certified by the Executive Secretary shall be an EmeritusMember of the Association. Emeritus Members have all the duties, rights andprivileges of Active Members except that they do not pay dues.

(d) Honorary Member. Any member, entitled to the highest recognitionwithin the power of the Association to confer, is eligible for election as an Hon-orary Member, providing that such a person shall have demonstrated a dis-tinguished career in teaching or research in the field of science, mathematics,science education, or mathematics education. Nominations for honorary mem-bership must be proposed in writing to the Membership Committee by at leastten (10) Active Members of the Association. Such nominations must be accom-panied with evidence of qualification. A duly proposed candidate for honorary

CASMT Proposed New By-Laws 665

membership, upon receiving endorsement of two-thirds of the MembershipCommittee will be recommended as an Honorary Member to the Board ofDirectors. The Board must also approve Honorary Memberships by two-thirdsvote.

(e) Sustaining Member. Any person, organization, or corporation interestedin advancing the objectives of the Association is elegible for election as a Sus-taining Member by application to the Executive Secretary. Any candidate forsustaining membership who has applied and paid the dues for sustaining mem-bers will be a Sustaining Member of the Association if approved by the ExecutiveCommittee.

(f) Life Member. Any person, eligible for active membership who has paidhis life membership dues, will be a Life Member of the Association. Such membersshall retain for life all the privileges accorded to Active Members.

AFFILIATE ORGANIZATIONSARTICLE IVAny active local, state, regional association or academy with twenty-five or

more science and/or mathematics teachers or science and mathematics sectionsof state teacher associations may become an Affiliate Organization of the As-sociation by fulfilling the following requirements:

a. The organization must make a formal application to the Executive Secre-tary for Affiliate Membership. A copy of the constitution of the group makingapplication, membership list, and summary of program or annual report for thethree preceding years must accompany the letter of application.

b. At least twenty-five members of the affiliate organization must be ActiveMembers of this Association.

c, The application must be submitted to the Membership Committee for re-view and recommendation to the Board of Directors.

d. If the Board of Directors approves by a two-thirds majority, the ExecutiveSecretary will issue a Certificate of Affiliation to the new affiliate.

e. Affiliate Organizations may appoint an observer to the meetings of theBoard of Directors.

f. Each Affiliate Organization must submit its list of officers to the ExecutiveSecretary each year at the time its officers are elected.

g. Each Affiliate Organization shall have the right of participating in theannual meeting(s) and of making proposals to various committees of the As-sociation.

OFFICERSARTICLE V

1. The officers of the Association shall be a President, a President-Elect, andExecutive Secretary and an Editor. One or more Assistant Secretaries and As-sistant Editors may be appointed by the Board of Directors.

2. The duties of the officers shall be such as usually pertain to the officesheld, and also any other duties as may be assigned by the Board of Directors orExecutive Committee. In the case of death, resignation, or inability of thePresident to serve, the President-Elect shall assume the duties of the President.No new President-Elect will be appointed since the President will serve theentire additional year for which he was initially elected President. In the eventthat neither the President nor President-Elect can serve, the Board will appoint asuccessor to complete the unexpired term.

(a) The President shall preside at the Annual Business Meeting and at themeetings of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors. He shall appointthe Chairmen and personnel of all Permanent, Special, and Ad Hoc Committeesas provided in the Bylaws. He shall assume all other duties normally associatedwith the office.


(b) The President-Elect shall assume the duties of the President in theabsence of the President or his inability to serve, and shall assume the office ofthe President under the conditions outlined in Article VIII, Section 6 of theseBylaws. He shall serve as ex-officio member of the Policy Committee and theFinance Committee. He shall work cooperatively with tlie President in admin-istering the affairs of the Association and shall select committee members toserve when he becomes President.

(c) The Executive Secretary shall: (1) receive ballots of the annual election,arrange with the Chairman of the Nomination and Election Committee for count-ing the ballots, and shall notify the President of the results; (2) answer corre-spondence specificially related to the duties of his office and assist the Presidentwith official correspondence of the Association; (3) keep accurate Minutes of allmeetings of the Board of Directors and Executive Committee and shall withinthree weeks of each such meetings, send a copy of the Minutes to each Board orCommittee Members; (4) summarize the year’s activities at the Annual BusinessMeeting of the Association; (5) oversee the processing of the Association’s re-ceipts and disbursements and the monthly reconciliation of the cash book; (6)prepare reports on the financial status of the Association for the Board of Direc-tors; (7) present the annual budget, prepared in cooperation with the FinanceCommittee, to the Board of Directors for its approval; (8) handle business ar-rangements regarding publications of the Association; (9) arrange for registra-tion and other financial matters related to the Meetings.

(d) The Editor shall be responsible for all phases of publication of SCHOOLSCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS except business management. He shall work withthe assistant and departmental editors as well as the Executive Secretary in themanagement of the Journal.

(e) Dircctors-at-large shall promote the purposes of the Association insuch manners as are appropriate, and represent, to the best of their ability, theinterests of the membership in the conduct of the business of the Associationduring the meetings of the Board of Directors. Directors may serve on com-mittees in an ex-officio capacity as requested by the President.

(f) The Board of Directors or the Executive Committe, with authorizationfrom the Board, may authorize any officer or officers to enter into any contractor to execute and deliver any instruments in the name or in behalf of the Associa-tion, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

3. The President shall serve for a term beginning at the close of the annualbusiness meeting and shall continue in office for one year or until a successorshall take office. The Executive Secretary and Editor shall be appointed by theBoard of Directors to three year terms beginning with the new fiscal year orother date necessary because of a vacancy. Each may be reappointed at thepleasure of the Board.

BOARD OF DIRECTORSARTICLE VI

1. The Board of Directors shall consist of the President, President-Elect, theimmediate Past President, and not less than six Directors-at-large. The Execu-tive Secretary and Editors shall serve as ex-officio members.

2. The officers shall be members of the Board for the term of their election orappointment. Except for the Editor and the Executive Secretary, each officermay serve a maximum of one term. Directors-at-large will serve three year termsand are eligible for election to one additional three year term. At least two newdirectors will be elected each year thereby establishing staggered terms.

3. Members in good standing are eligible for selection as nominees for theoffice of Directors-at-large. An attempt shall be made to represent the subjectmatter interests and geographical areas of the membership.

4. The Board of Directors shall be the legal representatives of the Associa-tion, and, as such, shall have, hold, and administer all the property, funds and


affairs of the Association in trust for its uses, in conformity with the Bylaws,and within the Act of Incorporation of the Association under the statutes of theState of Illinois. (A registered agent residing in Illinois will be named by theBoard of Directors as prescribed by State Law.)

5. The Board of Directors will hold at least one meeting each year. The Boardshall determine the time and place of its own meetings with the President andthe Executive Secretary initiating suggestions for possible dates.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEARTICLE VII

1. The Executive Committee shall consist of the officers and the immediatePast-President.

2. The function of the Executive Committee will be to transact the businessof the Association in the interim between meetings of the Board of Directors.During such interim periods, the Executive Committee shall have the samefunctions and duties of the Board of Directors, except as may be restricted by theBylaws. Minutes reflecting all actions of the Executive Committee will be dis-tributed to all members of the Board of Directors promptly. Actions of theExecutive Committee are subject to review by the Board at its next scheduledmeeting. Action of the Executive Committee can be accomplished by mail, con-ference telephone calls, and personal conferences in which all members of theCommittee have been invited to participate.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND BOARD MEMBERSARTICLE VIII

1. The Nomination and Election Committee shall make at least two nomina-tions for the office of President-Elect, and at least twice as many nominationsfor the Board of Directors as there are positions to be filled. Candidates forPresident-Elect should have prior experience as members of the Board of Direc-tors. At least two Directors-at-large will be elected each year to three year terms.The President-Elect shall automatically become President during the annualmeeting one year later. On or before the first day of October following its ap-pointment, the Nomination and Election Committee will certify the nominationsto the Executive Secretary, who will report the results to the Board of Directors.Additional nominations for Officers and Directors-at-large may be made if apetition is presented to the Executive Secretary bearing the signatures of atleast twenty-five Active Members (except for sustaining members) in goodstanding. All additional nominations must be received by the Executive Secre-tary on or before the first day of January.

2. Not later than the fifteenth day of March, the Executive Secretary shallsend a ballot bearing all nominations for office (whether made by the Nominationand Election Committee or by petition) to all Members (except for sustainingmembers) in good standing in the Association.

3. In order to be counted a ballot must be postmarked on or before midnightthe next succeeding fifteenth day of April.

4. The Executive Secretary and the Chairman of the Nomination and Elec-tion Committee or his designee shall count the ballots before May 1 and reportto the President who shall authorize announcement of the results promptly tothe candidates, the Board of Directors, and the membership.

5. The candidates who receive the highest number of votes for the offices ofPresident-Elect, and Directors-at-large shall be elected. In case of a tie-votethose making the count shall cast lots to determine the candidate to be declaredelected. Officers shall assume office during the close of the Annual Business Meet-ing.

6. Vacancies occurring between elections in any office or among Directors-at-large shall be filled by appointment by the Executive Committee with ap-


proval by the Board of Directors, except that the vacancy of the office of Pres-ident shall be filled by the President-Elect. If the President-Elect assumes thepresidency early, he will complete the term of the President and also his ownterm. He will remain President for the full year for which he was elected.

COMMITTEESARTICLE IX

1. There shall be seven Permanent Committees: Executive, Policy, Nomina-tion and Election, Publications, Program, Membership, and Finance.

a. Members of the Executive Committee shall consist of the President, thePresident-Elect, the immediate Past-President, the Executive Secretary (with-out vote), and the Editor (without vote). The President shall serve as Chairmanof the Committee. Each member shall serve for one year or until their successorshave assumed office. Meetings of the Executive Committee shall be held fromtime-to-time and at such place as the President may designate. The ExecutiveCommittee shall have direct charge of the work of the Association subject tothe supervision of the Board of Directors.

b. The Policy Committee shall consist of six (6) members, each appointedfor a period of three (3) years. Each year two (2) persons will be appointed by thePresident with the advice of the Executive Committee. The immediate Past-President and the President-Elect shall be ex-officio members of the committee.The President shall designate one member as Chairman of the Committee. ThePolicy Committee shall consider special problems referred to it by the ExecutiveCommittee or the Board of Directors. It will consider new directions for the As-sociation and study the Bylaws each year for purposes of revision.

c. The Nomination and Election Committee shall consist of six (6) persons,each appointed for a term of three (3) years. Each year two (2) persons shall beappointed by the President with the advice of the Executive Committee. TheChairman of the Nomination and Election Committee shall be designated fromthe Committee membership by the President. The Committee shall nominatetwo candidates for the office of President-Elect and twice as many candidates asthere are positions to be filled on the Board of Directors. All nominees must bemembers of the Association, currently in good standing and properly qualifiedaccording to the Bylaws. Candidates for President-Elect should have priorexperience on the Board of Directors. The slate of candidates should reflect thegeography, teaching field, and teaching level of the total membership. The Chair-man shall provide the office of the Executive Secretary the necessary picturesand professional biographies of the nominees. The Chairman of the Committeeand the Executive Secretary of the Association (or their designees), shall have thejoint responsibility of making the official count of all votes cast in the annualelection.

d. The Publications Committee shall consist of six (6) members. Appoint-ments on the Publications Committee shall be for a period of three (3) years.Each year two (2) persons shall be appointed by the President with the adviceof the Executive Committee. The Publications Committee shall have generaldirection of the management and policies of the Journal of the Association, sub-ject at all times to the approval and supervision of the Executive Committeeand the Board of Directors of the Association. The Committee shall have generaldirection over all other publications of the Association and shall actively work topromote appropriate Association publications. No editor or member of theEditorial Board may be a member of this Committee.

e. The Program Committee shall consist of at least six (6) members. Eachyear a minimum of two (2) persons shall be appointed by the President-Electwith the advice of the Executive Committee. At least one appointee will be alocal arrangement person for a future meeting. The Program Committee shallplan and implement the program for the annual meeting and/or such other work-shops and conferences as are held during the term of the presidency of the ap-


pointing President-Elect. The President-Elect may select the chairman for hisyear in office or he may serve as his own Chairman of this Committee. Appoint-ments on the Program Committee shall be for a period of three (3) years unlessspecified to the contrary at the time of special appointment.

f. The Membership Committee shall consist of six (6) members. Each yeartwo (2) persons shall be appointed by the President with the advice of the Ex-ecutive Committee. The Membership Committee shall generate policies relativeto the means by which the Association might service its members and the meansby which membership in the Association might be promoted. The Committeeshall act as an advisory committee to the Executive Secretary, the Board ofDirectors, and to the Executive Committee. It shall recommend all HonoraryMembers to the Board. Appointments of the Membership Committee shall befor a period of three (3) years.

g. The Finance Committee shall consist of six (6) members. Each year two(2) members shall be appointed by the president with the advice of the Execu-tive Committee. The Finance Committee shall be an Advisory Committee to theExecutive Secretary and to the Board of Directors in financial matters. The Com-mittee shall oversee the annual audit of Association books. It shall make recom-mendations regarding salaries and honoraria to the Executive Committee of theBoard of Directors. Appointments on the Finance Committee shall be for aperiod of three (3) years.

2. The President-Elect shall not later than two weeks prior to the annual bus-iness meeting, submit to the Executive Committee his selections for Chairmenof the various permanent committees during the year in which he shall bePresident. Such proposed Chairmen shall, upon approval by the Executive Com-mittee, serve during the term of office of the President who so appointed them orhis successor during each term.

3. The President with consent of the Executive Committee shall appointsuch committees not provided for in the Bylaws, as may be necessary to facilitatethe management of the Association. All committee appointments shall be madefor a term coincident with that of the President unless otherwise provided inthese Bylaws or by the Board of Directors.

4. The President may appoint, with Executive Committee approval, one ormore representatives of the Association to serve with any group, board, com-mittee, council, congress, or convention when the interests of the Associationdemand. He may negotiate agreements (consistent with these Bylaws) withinstitutions, individuals, or other societies, subject to the approval of theExecutive Committee. In general, no special affiliate representatives shall servemore than one three (3) year term.

CENTRAL OFFICE EMPLOYEESARTICLE X

1. The Board of Directors is authorized to establish a central office. The staffof the central office shall implement policies of the Board of Directors. ExecutiveStaff members shall be employed by the Board of Directors with specific guide-lines which identify the positions. The head of the central office shall be calledthe Executive Secretary of the Association.

2. The President shall work closely with the Executive Staff as he administersthe affairs of the Association during his year in office.

3. The Executive Committee shall be charged with reviewing reports of theactions of Executive Staff members each year prior to the meeting of the Boardof Directors. The Board of Directors shall evaluate and review the performanceof Executive Staff members each year as part of its annual meeting agenda in theabsence of such employees.

4. The Executive Secretary shall be an ex-officio member of the Board ofDirectors and a non-voting ex-officio member of the Executive Committee. OtherExecutive Staff members may be similarly designated by approval of the Execu-tive Committee.


DUES AND FINANCESARTICLE XI

1. The Executive Committee shall recommend the amounts of assessments,if any, and the annual dues for Active, Life, Student, and Sustaining Members.Honorary Members and Emeritus Members shall not be assessed dues. Salaryrecommendations, dues, and assessments must be approved by the Board ofDirectors. The Board of Directors shall adopt an annual budget prepared bythe Executive Secretary and approved by the Finance Committee; and it shallorder the annual audit referred to in Article IX, g.

2. Dues are payable for the fiscal year, July 1 to June 30.3. Any member in arrears for dues will not thereafter receive the publications

of the Association and will be dropped from membership until all arrears shallhave been paid, or he has rejoined the Association. The Executive Secretarymust send a written notice of delinquency to all persons in arrears, at least threeweeks before the member is dropped from the active roll.

PUBLICATIONSARTICLE XII

1. The Association may publish one or more publications. Each publicationshall be under the direction of an Editor. The Publications Committee shallrecommend to the Board specific series, newsletters, or other publications andarrange for the appropriate staff to handle each.

2. Any Committee of the Association may publish a report or a series of re-ports approved by the Board of Directors.

3. The publications of the Association shall be made available to members orthe public under such conditions as provided by the Bylaws or the Board ofDirectors.

4. The official journal shall be SCHOOL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS. Its editorshall be an ex-officio member of the Board of Directors and a non-voting memberof the Executive Committee.

EDITORIAL BOARDARTICLE XIII

1. There shall be an Editorial Board consisting of an Editor, Assistant Editors,the Executive Secretary, and the Departmental Editors for each publication ofthe Association.

2. The Editorial Board(s) shall determine and execute the editorial policies ofSchool Science and Mathematics and other periodical publications of the As-sociation, subject to the approval of the Publications Committee and the Ex-ecutive Committee.

MEETINGS -OF THE MEMBERSHIPARTICLE XIV

1. A general meeting of the members for the execution of the Association’sprogram and for the transaction of business, known as the Annual BusinessMeeting, shall be held each year. Special meetings of the members may be calledby the Executive Committee with the consent of the Board of Directors. In theevent of grave emergency, the Executive Committee may suspend an AnnualBusiness Meeting and the Association may transact the necessary business bymail as hereinafter provided.

2. At the Annual Business Meeting of the Association, the President andExecutive Secretary shall summarize such actions of the Board of Directors ashave not been published, and an opportunity shall be afforded for discussion.Active Members may present items to be referred to the Board of Directors forconsideration. Normal business may be conducted.


3. The time and place of each Annual Business Meeting shall be fixed by theBoard of Directors, and notice of same shall be sent to each member of the As-sociation previous to the date of such meeting.

4. A majority vote of all votes cast shall bind the corporation unless herein,or by the laws of Illinois, otherwise provided.

5. No special notice shall be required for meetings whose time of meeting isfixed in the Journal, Convention Program, or other general document forwardedto all members. Written notice of the time and place of all special meetings shallbe sent to each member of the Association, said notice to be deposited in theUnited States mail not later than thirty days before the date of special meeting.Each member shall furnish the Executive Secretary with the address to whichnotice of the meeting shall be sent.

QUORUMSARTICLE XV

1. In voting by mail (other than the election of officers), twenty (20) percentof the membership voting shall constitute a quorum. If after thirty (30) daysfrom the date of mailing, less than twenty (20) percent of the members havereplied, the issue shall be decided by the Board of Directors.

2. At the Annual Business Meeting twenty-five (25) members present shallconstitute a quorum.

3. Five (5) members of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum.When, at the discretion of the President, the Board of Directors transactsbusiness by mail, two-thirds of the Board shall constitute a quorum, providingthat a reasonable time is allowed for consideration.

4. A quorum for business of the Executive Committee shall be two (2) mem-bers.

FISCAL YEARARTICLE XVIThe fiscal year of the Association shall begin on July 1 of each year and end on

June 30.

RULES OF ORDERARTICLE XVIIThe rules contained in Pocket Manual of Rules of Order, by Henry M. Robert,

shall determine the parliamentary practice of the Association in all cases to whichthey apply, and when they are not inconsistent with these Bylaws of the As-sociation.

DISSOLUTIONARTICLE XVIII

1. This corporation may be dissolved upon recommendation of the Board ofDirectors and approval of two-thirds of the members returning mail ballotswithin 60 days from the date ballots are mailed provided the proposed recom-mendation for dissolution of said corporation and the reasons for such proposedactions have been published in two successive issues of School Science and Mathe-matics prior to the marking of the ballots.

2. In the event of dissolution or termination of the corporation, title to andpossession of all of the property of the corporation shall pass forthwith to suchorganization dedicated to similar purposes and qualified for exemption underSection 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended, or undersuch successor provision of the Code as may be in effect at the time of the cor-poration’s dissolution or termination, as the Board of Directors of the corpora-tion shall deem best qualified to carry on the functions of the corporation.


AMENDMENTS TO THE BY-LAWSARTICLE XLXThese By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds majority vote of the Board of

Directors provided that each Board member shall have been sent written noticeof the proposed amendment not less than thirty (30) days prior to the meeting ormailed vote of the Board at which such amendment is voted. Such changes mustbe distributed to the membership by mail at least sixty days prior to the AnnualMeeting. The membership may vote to reject changes in the By-Laws at theAnnual Meeting of the Membership.

ENACTMENTThese By-laws shall be enacted by vote of the membership in November of

1970 following publication in two issues of School Science and Mathematics. TheVice-President-Elect will become the President-Elect. The twelve members ofdirectors will be retained for the term of office for which they have been elected.However, only two new directors will be elected in 1971 to take office in thefollowing November. A similar procedure will be followed in 1972 and 1973.Hence three years will transpire before the Directors-at-large number six. Beforethis time the Board could act to increase the number elected each year to threeor four. Following action in November of 1970 this clause of Enactment will bedeleted from the document. The statement will be retained as a matter of policyuntil 1973 or until the Board acts to change the number of Directors-at-large.

SMOKING AND CANCERDamning evidence linking cancer to tobacco is not confined just to the United

States."Mouth cancers are extremely prevalent in India and seem to be connected to

smoking habits," says Dr. L. D. Sanghvi, a geneticist with the Cancer ResearchInstitute in Bombay."Though lung cancer accounts for less than one per cent of all the cases in my

country," explains Dr. Sanghvi, "there seems to be a high association betweencheek and tongue cancers and the Indian habit of chewing tobacco and othersubstances."His reserach in India involves looking at the incidence of various types of

cancers in different segments of the population.The population of India is composed of a large number of caste and tribal

troups which are quite different and almost genetically isolated from one an-other.For instance, "scientific information of six castes in Bombay indicate that the

gross genetical differences between these castes�such as between blood groups,or red-green color blindness�are as great as the differences between blacks andwhites in America," the internationally-known geneticist notes.One reason for this is that members of these castes rarely intermarry. In cer-

tain areas of southern India, as many as 40 per cent of all marriages are betweenclose relatives, according to Dr. Sanghvi.By comparing cancer rates within these different groups, he hopes to deter-

mine whether different genetic makeups predispose particular groups to certaintypes of cancer. Such a discovery would confirm the suspicion that hereditaryfactors may be involved in cancer diseases.

Documents

Proposed New By-laws