The logframe approach

Nairobi, March 2011

What is it?

Planning PhaseAnalysis Phase

Problem analysis – identifying key problems, constraints & opportunities; determining cause & effect relationships

Stakeholder analysis – identifying & characterising potential major stakeholders; assessing their capacity

Objective analysis – developing solutions from the identified problems; identifying means to end relationships

Developing Logical Frameworkmatrix - defining project structure,testing its internal logic & risks, formulating measurable indicatorsof success.

Activity scheduling – determining the sequence and dependency of activities; estimating their duration, and assigningResponsibility

Resource scheduling - from the activity schedule, developing input schedules and a budget

Problem analysis

Problem analysis identifies the negative aspects of an existing situation and establishes the « cause and effect » relationships between the identified problems.

► Identification of the major problems faced by target groups & beneficiaries: What is/are the problem/s? Whose problems?

► Select the main problem.

► Define the causes and the effects of this problem.

► Visualise in a problem tree: This is the summary picture of the existing negative situation.

Problem analysis

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

SituationSituation

Problem analysis

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

ProblemProblem

Problem analysis

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

CauseCause

Problem analysis

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

In the field of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), the indicators worldwide are not improving, and the needs gap regarding modern contraception remains high.

Adolescents — both girls and boys — remain largely underserved despite the fact that they are mostly already sexually active and represent future generations.

Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) is not consistently addressed in healthcare programmes, nor is it linked to HIV/AIDS programmes in developing countries.

EffectsEffects

Problem analysis

Effects

Problem

Causes

The problem tree

Adolescents remain largely underserved

SRHR indicatorsare not improving

ASRH is not consistently addressed in healthcare

programmes

ASRH is not linked to HIV/AIDS programmes

Inadequate government resources

dedicated to ASRH

Objective Analysis

The analysis of objectives describes the situation in the future once identified problems have been remedied.

«Young Kenyans don’t have access to SRH information and

services »

« Young Kenyans have access SRH information and services  »

«Young Kenyans don’t have access to SRH information and

services »

« Young Kenyans have access SRH information and services  »

Example:

Problem:

Objective:

► negative situation of the problem tree is converted into solutions, expressed as positive achievements.

► These positive achievements are in fact objectives.

Objective Analysis

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective

Result

1

Result

1Result

2Result

2Result

3Result

3

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 2

Overall objective 2

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Objective analysis

SRHR indicatorsare improved

SRHR indicatorsare improved

Young Kenyans have access to SRH information and

services

Young Kenyans have access to SRH information and

services

The objective tree

ASRH is consistently addressed in

healthcare programmes

ASRH is linked to HIV/AIDS programmes

Government resources dedicated to

ASRH

Objective analysis

DFID

Goal

Purpose

Outputs

Objective analysis

Overall objectives

Specific objective

Results

EC

Objective analysis

Objective analysis

Objective analysis

Objective analysis

Indicators: verifying success

► Indicators allow you to understand whether the intervention has been successful or is on-track.

► Indicators describe the project’s objectives/results in operationally measurable terms.

► Indicators are the basis for the project’s monitoring & evaluation system.

Q: « How would we know whether or not what has been planned is actually happening or happened? How do we verify success? »

► Indicators allow you to understand whether the intervention has been successful or is on-track.

► Indicators describe the project’s objectives/results in operationally measurable terms.

► Indicators are the basis for the project’s monitoring & evaluation system.

Q: « How would we know whether or not what has been planned is actually happening or happened? How do we verify success? »

Indicators

► Indicators should be independent of each other. Each one relating to one objective or result.

► Often it is necessary to establish several indicators. One indicator can provide quantitative info & the other qualitative.

► However: not too many indicators!

Guiding principle: collect the minimum amount of info

► Indicators should be independent of each other. Each one relating to one objective or result.

► Often it is necessary to establish several indicators. One indicator can provide quantitative info & the other qualitative.

► However: not too many indicators!

Guiding principle: collect the minimum amount of info

Tips

Indicators: verifying success

► How should the information be collected? (e.g. from administrative records, special studies, sample surveys, observation… )

► Who should collect the information?(e.g. field extension workers, survey teams, the district health office, the project management team)

►When/how regularly should it be provided. (e.g. monthly, quarterly, annually, …)

► How should the information be collected? (e.g. from administrative records, special studies, sample surveys, observation… )

► Who should collect the information?(e.g. field extension workers, survey teams, the district health office, the project management team)

►When/how regularly should it be provided. (e.g. monthly, quarterly, annually, …)

Sources of verification

► Avoid the creation of parallel information systems, minimize additional costs,

► See if the required informationcan be collected through existing systems, such as:

► Bureau of Statistics,local research agencies, donor and business reports

► Civil society organizations, local government agencies and otherservice delivery agencies

► Avoid the creation of parallel information systems, minimize additional costs,

► See if the required informationcan be collected through existing systems, such as:

► Bureau of Statistics,local research agencies, donor and business reports

► Civil society organizations, local government agencies and otherservice delivery agencies

Tips

Indicators: verifying success

Specific to the objective it is supposed to measure.

Measurable

Achievable

Relevant to the information needs of managers

Time-bound – so we know when we can expect the objective to be achieved

Specific to the objective it is supposed to measure.

Measurable

Achievable

Relevant to the information needs of managers

Time-bound – so we know when we can expect the objective to be achieved

Indicators should be SMART

Logframe

Logframe

Project Description Intervention Logic

Objectively Verifiable Indicators

Means and Sources of Verification

Assumptions

Overall objective(s)

Specific

objective

Results

ActivitiesMeans Costs

The logframe is the summary of the project

Logframe

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective

Result

1

Result

1Result

2Result

2Result

3Result

3

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 2

Overall objective 2

Activities 1

Activities 1

Activities 2

Activities 2

Activities 3

Activities 3

Overall objectives

Specific objective

Results

Activities

Indicators

Indicators

Indicators

Verification sources

Verification sources

Verificationsources

Assu

mp

tion

sMeans Costs

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Logframe

Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions

Overall objectives

Specific

objective

Results

Activities Means Costs

Part of the project for which WE are RESPONSIBLE

Logframe

Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions

Overall objectives

Specific

objective

Results

Activities Means Costs

Shows how we CONTRIBUTE to international/ Eur./ nat.

development efforts

Logframe

Project Description Indicators Verification sources Assumptions

Overall objectives

Specific

objective

Results

Activities Means Costs

Shows which external factorsoutside our influence

Have a positive impact on the project

Logframe

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Specific ObjectiveSpecific Objective

Result

1

Result

1Result

2Result

2Result

3Result

3

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 1

Overall objective 2

Overall objective 2

Activities 1

Activities 1

Activities 2

Activities 2

Activities 3

Activities 3

Concept note

1 Relevance of the action

2 Description of the action and its effectiveness

3 Sustainability of theaction

Concept note

1 Relevance of the action

2 Description of the action and its effectiveness

3 Sustainability of theaction

FullApplication

XxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxx

FullApplication

XxxxxxxxXxxxxxXxxxxxx

Overall objectives

Specific objective

Results

Activities

Indicators

Indicators

Indicators

Verification sources

Verification sources

Verificationsources

Assu

mp

tion

sMeans Costs

Specific ProblemSpecific Problem

Cause 1Cause 1 Cause 2Cause 2 Cause 3Cause 3

Effect 1Effect 1 Effect 2Effect 2

Annex B.1: BudgetAnnex B.1: Budget

Annex B.2: Financ. sourcesAnnex B.2: Financ. sources