Proposal for the NEW CITIZEN SCHOOL Project

The Research Group of the NEW CITIZEN SCHOOLS Project

May, 2007 Beijing

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Content

¶ The macro setting analysis on the education of migrant children¶ The strategic position and vision of NCS ¶ The management mode and organization framework of NCS ¶ Suggestions on the construction scheme of NCS ¶ The features of NCS

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Migrant Workers---One of the Main Forces in the Process of China’s Urbanization

• There is a huge amount of migrant workers with an amazing growth rate

• In some areas (such as some cities

in the Pearl River Delta), migrant workers have outnumbered native citizens

• Under the tendency of FAMILY MIGRATION, the population of migrant children in many cities have shown a dramatic increase

2000 2030

100 million

350 million

nativesMigrant workers

1.6 million

8millionTake Dongguan as an example ：

The increase of floating children in Beijing

It is self-deceiving and irresponsible to simply regard migrant workers as a FLOATING POPULATION. A considerable part of them should be regarded as urban IMMIGRANTS, which is one of the main forces in the process of China’s urbanization

Source: UNDP 、 CASS, 2006. Observation of China’s Urban Development

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Education of Migrants/ Migrant Children—A Double-Edged Sword

The educational inequity might cause serious social problems

• Migrant workers might calmly accept the inequity for themselves, but it’s hard for them to accept the educational inequity for their children.

• The educational inequity makes it more difficult for floating children to adapt to the society. Compared with their parents, floating children are inclined to be more radical, which might lead to vicious circle and add to their conflicts with the mainstream society.

• The educational inequity blocks the channel for the unprivileged to climb up the social ladder, and causes more social inequity.

Education is A RIGHT TO ENHANCE ONE’S ABILITY: a citizen can not enjoy his political, economical, social and cultural rights unless he is educated in some degree.

Education is hope: not only is education the most important way for migrant children to change their lives, it’s also a fundamental approach to narrow the social gap between the rich and the poor.

Education leads to a brighter future: the second generation of floating children will eventually become new urban citizens, whose education would be critical for the urban future.

Education is the one of the most efficient tool to achieve social fairness

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Social Results—Lessons from Aboard

2005 ， the Chaos in Paris, France

2006 ， Terrorist Middle School in Berlin, Germany

2007 ， Gun Massacre at Virginia Tech University, U.S.

The reason for these events lies in the

failure of the migrant children to melt

harmoniously into the mainstream society

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Migrant children show a comparatively higher crime rate

They account for 10% of the minors population; whereas they committed over 50% of the juvenile crimes both in cities and in rural areas

Social Results—Lessons from Home

Source ： Nov.4th,2006. Xinhua Daily Telegraph

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The Predicament of the Education of Migrant Children( Floating Children & Left-Behind Children ）

It’s difficult for floating children to enter school （ National Working Committee on Children and Women under the State Council ， 2003 ）

Failing to attend school:9.3% of the floating children (over 1 million) fail to attend school

Dropout: the dropout rate of the 8-year-old floating children is 0.8%, whereas the dropout rate of the 14-year-old floating children rises to 15.4%, which suggests a stop-out tendency

Overage ： 19.7% of the 9-year-old floating children are still in the first grade.

The floating children get an education of comparatively low quality, since most of the schools of migrant children are profit-oriented

The left-behind children lack family education and social education, which seriously affect these children’s development （ Zou Shuxin[ 邹树新 ] 2006 ）

Psychological health problems: depressive 、 capricious 、 impetuous 、 confrontational, etc.

Daily ward problems: safetyAcademic record problems: bad scores

The Large Population Size ：

43 million

20302006

100 million

Floating children: children following their parents in the citiesLeft-behind children: children left behind at home by their migrant parents

23m

20m

The population size of migrant children and its growth

？

？

Serious Problems ：

Source: UNICEF, 2005, :the State of the World's Children 2006

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The Essence and Extension of the Problem of the Education of Migrant Children

Extension: the education of migrant children has become AN IMPORTANT SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THE PROCESS OF CHINA’S URBANIZATION （ State Council, 2003 ）

Essence: the right of education equity is not protected, and the migrant children are excluded and neglected

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Our Focus—the Education of Migrant Children

Realizing of importance and gravity of the problem of migrant children’s education, Narada Foundation has taken this problem as its main concern and launched a NEW CITIZEN PLAN to improve their growing environment( we’ve prepared another special report on this issue)

To provide financial aid for the projects serving migrant children, including moral cultivation, psychological health guidance, art training, public science education, volunteer teaching, etc.

NEW CITIZEN SCHOOL Project

• It directly helps the floating children enter school and enjoy a QUALIFIED EDUCATIONAL EQUITY

• These schools would be important bases for the NEW CITIZEN PLAN

• It created models and mobilizes social resources to address the problem of migrant children’s education

The scope of our inquiry

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Content

¶ The macro setting analysis of on the education of migrant children¶ The strategic position and vision of NCS¶ The management mode and organization framework of NCS ¶ The construction scheme of NCS -- construction mode

-- cost estimate -- pilot plan for 2007

¶ The features of NCS

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The strategic position of NEW CITIZEN SCHOOLS --based on the performance and deficiency of government and market in this field

Government

Failure of traditional education system

Failure of education policies for migrant children

Market Market helps alleviate the

consequences caused by government failure

Market failure and the analysis of cause

Position of NEW

CITIZEN SCHOOL

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Policy: Increasingly Liberal

Policy Analysis ：1. Increasingly liberal: the extra-paid fee being abolished; migrant children regulated with no discrimination2. The government receiving the influx of the children of migrant workers and the public schools are required to take the main responsibility for their compulsory schooling3. Legal guarantee of the right of educational equity

Jun. 2006. Compulsory Education Law: guarantee migrant children’s equal rights of compulsory education

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Education policies are favorable to the education of floating children at large

Local governments have shown great differences in the practical enforcement of these policies

These policies lack operability

Since

Therefore

Policy failure results from a series of fundamental immanent causes

Although

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It still cannot meet the education demand of the children from low income migrant family

Market can help alleviate the consequences caused by government failure in some degree

Migrant workers with low income( under 1400 Yuan per month ) account for 54% of the total population of migrant workers, according to the result of a 2006

survey over 29,425 migrant workers by National Statistics Bureau.

Source: National Statistics Bureau, 2006, Report on the Life Quality of Urban Migrant Workers

AND

BUT

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Market Failure: A. It can not solve the problem of migrant family with low income;

B. The education for migrant children provided by the market is of low quality.

The private schools of migrant children appear to be in a 4-LOW state:

-- Low capital investment

-- Low tuition

-- Low wages for teachers

-- Low quality

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NCS’ Value Position—Based on the Failure of Government and Market

Deadlock of Profit-Making Private Schools:

Profit-Making

Social Resources

4-LOW State Government Resources

Illegitimate

Source: Analysis of the Preparatory Group

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Suggestion on NCS’ Position

We suggest the strategic position of NCS be Non-Profit, Fit for Civilian Population( 平民性 ) ， and High Quality.

These are three reference points from where to leverage the support and participation of governments, enterprises and the society.

By doing this, we are supposed to explore and expand a new education model which is RUN BY NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS AND SUBSIDIZED BY THE STATE. 民办公助的

“新公民学校”

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Position1: Nonprofit—To Break Through the 4-Low Deadlock Hampering Private Education

Deadlock Hampering the Development of Profit-Making Private Schools

Profit-Making

Illegitimate

Nonprofit

Legitimate

Non-Government Nonprofit School is the Most Possible Way to Break Through This Deadlock

Under the financial support from Narada, the nonprofit New Citizen Schools would gain legitimacy with higher quality standard and average up the overall quality level of non-

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Position2: Fit for Civilian Population—To Meet the Demand Unsatisfied by Government and Market高

中

low

Migrant Families’ Income

Nonprofit Non-Government Schools

Profit-Making Private Schools

Public Schools

中

middle

high

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Position3: High Quality—The Way to Realize the Ideal of NEW CITIZEN EDUCATION

1. Excellent Educational Resources

• New Citizen Values

2. Unique Educational Ethos

• Life Education

Narada has a strong ability to mobilize various social resources which can help leverage excellent educational resources.

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General Idea of NEW CITIZEN SCHOOL

Run by non-government organizations

Narada:

A non-government nonprofit education brand subsidized by the state, serving for migrant children with high quality.

Experts:

Center:

1 ） To invest 1-2 million to each school2 ） To support NEW CITIZEN SCHOOL

DEVELOPMENT CENTER

1 ） Overall preparation and coordination of construction

2 ） To employ school administrators 3) To dominate school board; to appoint and

remove headmasters4 ） To take charge of the training of

administrators and teachers5 ） In charge of brand management , publicity and

communication6 ） General coordinator among governments,

enterprises and social participators

to guide the selection of teaching content and courses

Headmasters:1 ） To act under guidance of the Center 2 ） daily administration

Subsidized by the State

1 ） To grant legal status 2 ） To provide construction support policy

such as land policy and special house-renting preferences

3 ） To support the running of the schools by various ways such as per capita subsidies

government:

Non-Profit

High Quality

Fit for the Civilian Population

• The profit is not to be distributed, the property right belongs to the society

• Excellent teaching resources• Excellent teachers

• 1 ） Dedicated to and specialized in the education of migrant children2 ） Characteristic education which applies the NEW CITIZEN EDUCATION theory and the LIFE EDUCATION to practice

• Open, modeled, replicable

Education Brand

1) Low tuition fee: 300-400Yuan2) Hardware of economical style

Society:1 ） To donate and provide volunteer service2 ） Each school is education foundation that can

raise funds from the society

School Board:1 ） The highest decision-making body of the

schools2 ） To support and supervise the

management

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Development Stages of NCS

Primary Schools First Junior Middle School Vocational Education

10 years

Primary School

Primary +Junior Middle School

Primary+ Junior + Vocational School

（ 9 ＋ 2 ）

Goal: to build 100 schools in 10 years

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Content

¶The macro setting analysis on the education of migrant children¶ The strategic position and vision of NCS ¶ The management mode and organization framework of NCS -- organization structure -- human resource management -- financial management¶ Suggestions on the construction scheme of NCS ¶ The features of NCS

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Management Mode

Narada Foundation—NCS Development Center—NCS—Partners

Organization Structure

Development Center—School Preparatory Group—School Board—Headmaster—Teacher

Financial Management

Human Resource Management

Center—School

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Organization Framework

Narada Foundation

NCS Expert Committee

New Citizen Schools

NCSDevelopment

Center

NCS Board

NCS Administration Committee

All the possessions of Narada Foundation, the Center and the New Citizen Schools are socialized property

Core Institution

Strategic Partner: NPP

Partners

GovernmentNPO Partner

as Enforcement

Body

Public &Enterprises

Supporting

Supporting

Project Bidding

Supervising Policy-Making

Coordinating Communicating Contacting

Policy-Making

Guiding

Establishing

EstablishingMajority of Seats

Nominating

Entrusting

SupervisingProviding Financial Aid

Guiding

Supervising

Training

Serving

Constructing

Authorizing

Reviewing

Teaching Teaching Material

Supporting, Managing, School-Running, Constructing

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Organization Structure

Narada Foundation

New CitizenSchools

NCS Development

Center

Financial supporter and owner of the service mark.Its authority: • Brand management: Narada has applied for the

registration of NCS and is waiting for the approval• Set up and provide financial aid for the Development

Center of NCS• Supervise and assess the management and operation

of the NCS project• Accept social donation and appropriate financial aid

Builder and manager. Its function:• In charge of the preparatory work, establishment,

management and training of headmasters and teachers• Establishment pattern: set up in a newly established NCS,

until the time is ripe for it to be registered as an independent non-government nonprofit corporate

• Non-profit schools of high quality serving children from low income migrant family

• Located in the living places of migrant workers’ family across the nation

Core Institute

NPO Partners as Enforcement Body

Local enforcement body selected through project biddingIts function ：• In charge of the local construction and management of NCS• In charge of the contact, coordination and communication

with local governments. • Provide support for the development of NCS

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Human Resource Management

Center: The members of Administration Committee are recommended by the Narada Foundation. Director of the Center is appointed by the Administration Committee and

approved by the Narada Foundation. There are mainly two kinds of personnel appointed by the Center:

– Administrator: to work as group leaders of School Preparatory Group.– Financial personnel: to be sent to the NCS as financial executives.

SchoolPreparatoryGroup

School Board

The Center chooses one local NPO as a partner to set up Preparatory Group for NCS

The Center pay necessary expenditure for Preparatory Group members but does not pay their wages.

Set up by the Preparatory Group; the proportion of board members recommended by the Center should be no less than 50%.

There would be 5-11 board members including representatives from the Center, donators, partners, educational sector and media, etc. with strong ability to mobilize social resources

Chairman of the board would be elected by the board and approved by the Center

Headmaster and

Teacher

School Board openly recruit qualified and experienced headmasters who would independently take charge of daily teaching and administrative affairs as well as the hiring and firing of teachers.

Headmasters and teachers would be transferred and be promoted within the national NCS system

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Financial Management

Financial Management of the Center:

Financial Management of the Schools

Basic Principles:

• Legitimate, Normative, Professional, Transparent

• To implement the Accounting System for Non-government, Nonprofit Organizations prescribed by the Ministry of Finance

• Funds would be appropriated by Narada covering basic expense, project expense, and financial reward for funds raising

• Financial statement would be reported to Narada monthly

• Annual audit would be conducted by accounting firm employed by Narada

• Findings of audit would be publicly published

• Financial executives would be sent and paid by the Center

• One financial executive would take charge of 2-3 schools

• Financial executives would work shifts non-periodically

• Annual audit would be conducted by accounting firm employed by the Center

• Findings of audit would be publicly published

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Content

¶ The macro setting analysis on the education of migrant children ¶ The strategic position and vision of NCS ¶ The management mode and organization framework of NCS ¶ Suggestions on the construction scheme of NCS

– Prerequisites – Principles and Patterns– Basic Standards of Establishment– Cost Estimate for Construction and Operation– Sustainability– Pilot Plan for 2007

¶ The features of NCS

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Prerequisites

EssentialPrerequisites

• A large supply-demand gap • Government support: local government be willing to grant

school license• Initial fund provided by Narada would be no more than 1.5

million Yuan

Conditions ThatCan BeAcquired by Striving

• Lands and schoolhouses: policy support from local government in the form of price preference or allowing to use without compensation

• Educational appropriations: local government providing financial aid valued no less than 30% of local public educational appropriations standard

• Volunteers: to choose one or more local NPO as strategic partner which would provide fund-raising support and voluntary service support, etc.

• Publicity: to establish strategic cooperation with one or more mainstream media which would provide publicity support and fund-raising support, etc.

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Principles and Patterns of Establishment

Principles

Patterns

By Stages:

1. Narada Foundation provides the school with fundamental conditions( mainly schoolhouses school desks and school chairs )

2. To improve the hardware and software environments gradually with funds raised from social sectors

Hardware environments: libraries, computer houses, scientific laboratories, music rooms, gymnastic rooms, etc.

Software environments: fellowships, scholarships and teacher training funds, etc.

1. Building New Schools

2. Reforming Existing Private Schools

3. Taking Over Public Schools

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Basic Standards of Establishment

Security:

On the principle of SAFE, HEALTHY AND PRACTICAL.To appropriately lower some hardware standards referring to The Construction Standard of Rural

Regular Elementary and Secondary Schools( Trial) as a reference.

No less than 500,000 YuanRegistered Capital:

• The schoolhouses have to acquire a certificate of title or the document of approval from related government departments of planning; They have to show survey report on house safety and go through legal record formalities of house renting.

• The dining rooms must meet the requirements of Provisions on Hygiene of School Dining Room and Food, and gain dining room hygiene license.

• Firefighting system has to acceptance checks by related government departments; there must be fire pre-warning plan and emergency evacuation plan; the quality and quantity of firefighting installations have to meet the requirements of relevant provisions

Qualification of Headmasters and Teachers:

• The headmaster should have Teacher’s Qualification Certificate, at least 5 years’ teaching experience, plus a school administration experience.

• Teachers and administrators should have relevant qualifications prescribed by the state

Floor Area and Schoolhouses:

Able to meet basic requirements for education and teaching activities

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Basic School Conditions

Size:

Buildings

1. Elementary Department: Form 1-62. Students: 500 students with no more than 45 per class; 12 classes3. Faculty Members:1.8 teachers per class; 22 teachers plus 4 staff members=26 members. Teacher‘s Wage: 1600 Yuan per Month

Classrooms: 12 Offices: 3Meeting Room: 1 Computer House:1Library: 1Music Room: 1Laboratory: 1Dormitory: 2 Kitchen: 2Lavatory: 2

Basic Educational equipments valued 320,000 Yuan

Total Building Area:26 rooms×60m2 /room=1560m2

Total Floor Area: 10 acres

Colored Steel House: 350 Yuan/m2 Brick House: 500 Yuan/m2 Infrastructure: 100 Yuan/m2

Equipments

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Cost Estimate Table for School Construction and Operation

1st Year

2nd Year

3rd Year

4th Year

There-after

1st Year

2nd Year

3rd Year

4th Year

There-after

Tuitions 200 500 500 500 500 Tuitions 200 500 500 500 500

Narada 900 200 100 50 0 Narada 1,300 150 100 50 0

Government 100 100 100 100 100 Government 300 100 100 100 100

Total Revenue 1,200 800 700 650 600 Total Revenue 1,800 750 700 650 600

Rent 250 250 250 250 250 Rent 150 150 150 150 150

Repair 90 House Building 940/700

Equipments 320 Equipments 320

Wages 250 460 460 460 460 Wages 250 460 460 460 460

Office Expenditure 120 120 120 120 120 Office Expenditure

120 120 120 120 120

Total Expenditure 1,030 830 830 830 830 Total Expenditure 1,540/1,780

730 730 730 730

Balance 170 -30 -130 -180 -230 Balance 260/20 20 -30 -80 -130

Option1: Renting Houses Option2: Renting Lands and Construct Houses on Them

Unit: Thousand

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Sustainability

The construction and operation of NCS mainly depend on the financial support of Narada Foundation in the first years.

From the 5th year on there would be a financial gap of 130,000 -230,000 Yuan each year.

If the schools can keep its nonprofit philosophy, normative management, finance transparency and features, and keep averaging up their teaching level, then social resources would keep flowing in constantly.

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T

Short-Term, Medium-Term and Long-Term Targets

Two Possible Plans for 2007

• To start with reforming the council and management system of Xingzhi School in Daxing district and declare it as the first NCS on Sep. 1.

• To start with preparing to establish at least one new school and reforming the council and management system of 1-2 existing private schools in Beijing(such as Xingzhi School in Daxing district)

Plan 1: Plan 2:

2007

2-3 years

5-10 years

Amount Scope

To build 1 new school, and reform 1-2 schools

Above 10

100 schools

Beijing

Central Cities

Across the Nation

Time

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What to Do In the Following Months?

JUNE:

• Prepare for the establishment of the Development Center (Person in charge: Liu Wenhua);

• Choose partner (Organization in charge: Narada Foundation; Development Center )

• Appoint members of management committee of the Development Center ( Narada Foundation; Development Center )

• Choose location of the first schools to be established in 2007(Huang He, Liu Wenhua)

JUNE TO AUGUST:

• Establish the first New Citizen School. ( Organization in charge: Development Center)

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Content

¶ The macro setting analysis on the education of migrant children ¶ The strategic position and vision of NCS ¶ The management mode and organization framework of NCS ¶ Suggestions on the construction scheme of NCS ¶ The features of NCS

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Features of New Citizen Education— Theory and Approaches

New Citizen Ethos

Life Education • Demand-oriented life education instead of formalist teaching.

• NCS targets at realizing QUALIFIED EDUCATIONAL EQUITY. It’s first feature is the ethos of NEW CITIZEN itself. It’s a made-to-measure solution for the education of migrant children helping them adapt to modern urban life.

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Feature 1 : Ethos—New Citizen Values

New Citizen Values:

Charity, Sense of Cooperation

Self-Esteem, Independency

Openness, Sense of Democracy

Sense of Responsibility

Individual with individual/ collective

individual

Individual with individual/ collective/ society

Individual with individual/ collective/ society/ human kind/ nature

☀ ☆ ♘❀

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Feature 2: Approach—Life Education

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The Unique Innovation Mechanism of NCS

Demand-Oriented

Providing Innovation Platform

• NCS provides an open practical platform for various of excellent and creative education theories and methods

Take Happiness Index as a Yardstick

• NCS takes students’ sense of happiness as the main yardstick to measure the school-running and teaching activities, and NCS believes the best way for these children to achieve such a sense of happiness is to create a free and happy development environment for them.

For example, considering the fact that most migrant children don’t have good study environment at home, and many of their parents are not capable of providing guidance for their study, we suppose to extend the school day, so that they could finish their homework under guidance of school teachers.

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