University of EdinburghGraduate School of Social and Political ScienceMSc International Relations; MSc International European Politics

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS (PGSP 11299)

Semester 2 (Spring 2012)Course Convenor: Dr Elizabeth BombergChrystal Macmillan Building, room 3.06

email: e.bomberg@ed.ac.ukoffice tel: 650 4248

office hours: Thursdays, 11am-1pm

I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

DescriptionThis course examines the key actors and political dynamics shaping global environmental issues. Environmental challenges are profoundly political and involve issues of power, sovereignty, justice and political action. The global dimension of environmental issues pose additional distinctive challenges. Who are the key actors shaping global environmental politics? What are the main challenges and why do they take the form they do? What makes agreement so difficult to achieve? In this course students will draw on scholarship from environmental politics and international relations to help understand the distinctive challenges and dynamics of global environmental politics.

Summary of intended learning outcomes: This course should enable students to:

- develop a critical understanding of the main areas of study, including key concepts, actors and dynamics characterizing global environmental politics

- engage critically with the work of major environmental politics and international relations scholars, and evaluate their arguments in the light of the practical dilemmas posed by global environmental challenges;

- assess competing claims and make informed judgments about current complex issues in global environmental politics;

- develop their ability to present - in written and verbal form -- coherent, balanced arguments surrounding contemporary global environmental issues, actors and dynamics;

- Use a range of research skills to plan and execute a significant project of research on a major global environmental issue.

Format:Weekly seminars meet Thursdays 14:00-16.00 in DHT 4.18

Seminar Programme: OverviewWeek 1 (19 Jan): Studying Global Environmental Politics: Environmental Context Week 2 (26 Jan): Studying Global Environmental Politics: International Context Week 3 (2 Feb): States and governments Week 4 (9 Feb): Economic interests Week 5 (16 Feb): Environmental movements and NGOs Week 6: (20-24 Feb) innovative teaching week: no lecture or seminars Week 7 (1 Mar): Scientific experts, citizens and the media Week 8 (8 Mar): International organisations and regimesWeek 9 (15 March) Global Sustainable DevelopmentWeek 10 (22 Mar): Climate change 1: Comparative dimensionsWeek 11 (29 Mar): Climate change 2: actors and agreementsWeek 12 (5 April) Optional: student present policy report ideas Policy Report due Fri Apr 20 4pm

WebCTThe course guide, announcements, extra readings (as available) are available on WebCT beginning Week 1. Presentation slides will also be posted there. We will also use WebCT to share and discuss news, events and issues arising in seminar discussion

II. COURSE ASSESSMENT

The assessment for this course has two components:

1. Policy Report : 3000-3500 words (75%) DUE 20 APRIL 2012, 4pmStudents will choose from a list of global agreements on an international environmental issue (including climate change, biodiversity, deforestation, sustainable development). The reports will include a brief overview, a substantive analysis explaining why the agreement took the form it did, and an evaluation of its impact or prospects (see Appendix 1).

2. Seminar performance (25%) Seminar performance will comprise seminar attendance and participation, weekly reading summaries, individual and group presentations. These will be explained fully to the students in week 1 and monitored by the convenor throughout the semester. Student will receive a (non-binding) mid-term seminar mark and indication of their seminar strengths and weaknesses.

Students with learning disabilities: Advice, guidance and a range of support materials is available to students with certified learning difficulties such as dyslexia. These students should contact - in advance of coursework deadlines - the Disability Office for further information: http://www.disability-office.ed.ac.uk/

III. GENERAL READINGS AND RESOURCES

Below is a list of general readings and resources that you will find helpful throughout the course. (Additional readings specific to weekly topics are listed in Section IV.) Library shelfmarks are provided where known, but note it is always best to check the on-line catalogue for updated information. Unless otherwise stated books are in the Main library (most in the reserve section). You might also find the Law Library (in Old College) useful; it carries many works on environmental law and EU policy.

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There is no one core text for the course but we will rely heavily on the following texts and you are encouraged to purchase at least one of them.

Gabriela Kütting (ed), Global Environmental Politics. Concepts, Theories and Case Studies. (Routledge 2011);

Jennifer Clapp and Peter Dauvergne Paths to a Green World. The Political Economy of the Global Environment, 2nd ed.( MIT, 2011).

Regina Axelrod, et al (eds.) The Global Environment, 2nd ed. (CQ Press 2005) I have asked Blackwells (South Bridge) and Word Power (W Nicholson Street) to order it for their stocks.

Other Recommended General Texts (both on reserve): Neil Carter The Politics of the Environment. Ideas, Activism, Policy 2nd ed (Cambridge Univ Press, 2007). It is also available as an e-book through the library ; John Dryzek and David Schlosberg, D. Debating the Earth: the Environmental Politics Reader, 2nd ed. GE170 Deb (Oxford Univ Press, 2005)

JournalsThe library holds several journals of particular relevance for this course. The three of most use will be:

Environmental Politics (available electronically) Global Environmental Politics (available electronically) Global Environmental Change (available electronically)

Several other journals occasionally carry helpful articles related to global environmental politics: these include the Economist; Environmental Policy and Law (official UN documents and reviews); European Environmental Law Review (Law library) Foreign Affairs; Government and Policy; International Affairs; Journal of European Public Policy; New Scientist; Review of Policy Research; Sustainable Development; Sustainable Development Law and Policy. Most of these journals are now available electronically, although not for all years.

Internet sitesI have attached a list of useful sites (see Appendix 3).

IV. READING LIST BY TOPICSKey:

Asterisked [*] readings offer either a particularly relevant or insightful analysis, or a particularly useful overview.

(e) denotes reading is available electronically

WEEK 1 (19 Jan) Studying Global Environmental Politics: Environmental Context Carter, N. (2007) The Politics of the Environment. Ideas, Activism, Policy, 2nd ed.

Introduction and/or chapter 9 (Global Environmental Politics)*Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P. (2011) Paths to a Green World. Chap 1 (Peril or Prosperity?) Connelly, J. and Smith,G. (2003) Politics and the Environment. From Theory to Practice De Sombre, E. (2006) Global Environmental Institutions GE170 DesDinar, S (2011) ‘Environmental Security’ in Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, chapter

4, GE 170 Glo Dobson, A. (2007) Green Political Thought, 4th ed. (earlier editions available as e-book)

(chapt 3: ‘The Sustainable Society’) JA 75.8 DobDobson, A. (ed) (1991) The Green Reader, Part 1 (‘The Green Critique’) TD 170 Gre

(excerpts by Carson, Lovelock, Schumacher)Doyle, T. and McEachern, D. (2001), Environment and Politics, GE 170 Doy, chapter 7*Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth: the Environmental Politics

Reader, 2nd ed. GE170 Deb. Part One : Feast or Famine? Layzer, L (2006) The Environmental Case GE 180 Lay

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*Lomborg, B (2001) The Skeptical Environmentalist. Measuring the Real State of the World GE 149 Lom, Part I (available at: http://assets.cambridge.org/052180/4477/sample/0521804477ws.pdf (see also reviews in Environmental Politics vol 11(2); and through CUP website: http://www.cambridge.org/uk/economics/lomborg/debate.htm

*Ostrom, E. (2010) Polycentric systems for coping with collective action and global environmental change Global Environmental Change vol 20(4): 550-557

Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 2 (environmental problems) (e-book)Schlosberg, D. (2002) Environmental Justice and the New Pluralism: The Challenge of

Difference for Environmentalism (e-book) *Vig, N. (2001) ‘Introduction: Governing the International Environment’ in Axelrod, et al, The

Global Environment, chapter 1Weale, A. (1992) The New Politics of Pollution, HC240.9.E5 P55 chapter 1

Seminar Topics for Week 1: Does an ‘environmental crisis’ exist? What makes environmental issues so contested?

WEEK 2 (26 Jan): Studying Global Environmental Politics: International Dimension

(nb: also review readings from week 1)

Anton, D (2011) Environmental Protection and Human Rights (Law Library, K3585 Ant). Birnie, P. (2009) International Law and the Environment. (Law Library, reserve, K3585 Bir.)Bretherton, C. (2003) ‘Movements, Networks, Hierarchies: A Gender Perspective on Global

Environmental Governance’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 3 (2): 103-19 (e)*Carter, N. (2007) The Politics of the Environment. Ideas, Activism, Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 9

(Global Environmental Politics)*Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P. (2011) Paths to a Green World. Chapt 2 (‘The Globalization of

Environmentalism’) Dauvergne, P. (2005) Handbook of global environmental politics GE 170 Han De Sombre, E. (2002) The Global Environment and World Politics GE170 DesElliot, L. (2004) The Global Politics of the Environment, 2nd ed., GE 170 Ell, chpt 6, 9Fitzmaurice, M. (2009) Contemporary Issues in International Environmental Law (e-book) Floyd, R. (2010) Security and the environment : securitisation theory and US environmental

security policy (introduction) GE180 FloPorter, G. (2000) Global Environmental Politics, 3rd ed GE170 Port Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 7 (Intl environmental policy) (e-

book)Sands, P and Peel, J ‘Environmental Protection in the 21st Century: Sustainable Development

and International Law in Perspective’ in Axelrod, A. The Global Environment, chapter 3 (K3 585.4 Glo)

Smith, M (2009) ‘Against ecological sovereignty: Agamben, politics and globalisation’ Environmental Politics vol 18(1): 99-116

Soros, M (2005) ‘Global Institutions and the Environment : An Evolutionary Perspective’ in Axelrod, A. The Global Environment, chapter 2 (K3 585.4 Glo)

Speth, J. (2006) Global Environmental Governance HC79 E5 SpeVogler, J. (2008) ‘Environmental Issues’ in Baylis and Smith, The Globalization of World

Politics, chapter 20*Vogler, J. (2011) ‘International Relations theory and the environment’ in Kütting, ed Global

Environmental Politics, chapter 1, GE 170 Glo

Seminar topics for week 2: Should environmental issues be considered security issues? Are environmental issues ‘fundamentally issues of international justice’?

WEEK 3 (2 Feb): States and governments

Review weeks 1-2 readings

*Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, chapter 11

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Connelly, J and Smith, G. (2003) Politics and the Environment. GE170 Con., Part II Doyle, T. and McEachern, D. (2001), Environment and Politics, 2nd ed.GE 170 Doy Dryzek, J., Downes, A. Hunold, C. and Schlosberg, D. (2003) Green States and Social

Movements Environmentalism in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, and Norway (e-book) click here: Dryzek, et al

*Dryzek, J. et al (2002) ‘Environmental Transformation of the State: the USA, Norway, Germany and the UK’ Political Studies vol 50(4) (e-journal)

*Hale, S (2010) ‘The new politics of climate change: why we are failing and how we will succeed’ Environmental Politics vol 19 (2): 255-75 (e)

Lantis, J. (2009) The Life and Death of International Treaties : Double-Edged Diplomacy and The Politics of Ratification In Comparative Perspective KZ1302.3 Lan. (Law and Europa

Lees,C. (2007) ‘Environmental Politics in Germany and the UK’, German Politics vol 16 (1): 164-83.

*Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 6 (govt policymaking) (e-book)Rosenbaum, W. (2007) ‘Climbing the Learning Curve: US and European Regulation

Compared’ (book review essay) Global Environmental Politics, vol 7(1) (e) Maclean, I (2008) ’Climate Change and UK Politics. From Brynle Williams to Sir Nicholas

Stern’ Political Quarterly vol 79(2): 184-93 (e)Markham, W. (2008) ‘German Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour in Transition’ (review

essay) Environmental Politics vol 17(5) : 840-46 (e) Weale, A (2009) ‘Governance, government and the pursuit of sustainability’ in Adger, N and

Jordan, A (eds) (2009) Governing Sustainability , chap 3 (GE170 Gov) Weale, A. (1992) The New Politics of Pollution HC240.9.E5 P55Würzel,R. (2002) Environmental Policy-Making in Britain, Germany and the European Union

GE190 G7 Wur Vogler, J. (2008) ‘Environmental Issues’ in Baylis and Smith, The Globalization of World

Politics, chapter 20

Seminar topics for week 3 Do sovereign states pose the main barrier to meaningful international environmental agreements? How important is domestic politics in

explaining a states’ position on global environmental issues?

WEEK 4 (9 Feb) Economic Interests, Trade and Political Economy

Beder, S (2001) ‘Neoliberal Think Tanks and Freemarket Environmentalism’ Environmental Politics vol 10(2): 128-33

Bernhagen, P. (2008) ‘Business and International Environmental Agreements: Domestic Sources…..’ Global Environmental Politics vol 8(1): 78-109 (e)

Carter, N. (2007) The Politics of the Environment. Ideas, Activism, Policy, 2nd ed. Introduction, chapter 10

*Clapp, J (2011) ‘Environment and global political economy’ in Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, chapter 3, GE 170 Glo

*Clapp, J. and Dauvergne, P. (2011) Paths to a Green World Chapts 4-8 (economic growth, trade, investment, finance)

Crenson, M. (1972) The Un-politics of Air Pollution. A Study of Non-decision making in the Cities (HC110.A4 Cre)

*Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, 2nd ed. GE170 Deb.

Economist (2011) Schumpeter column: ‘Why Firms Go Green’ 12 Nov available at: http://www.economist.com/node/21538083

*Etsy, D (2005) ‘Economic Integration and Environmental Protection’ in Axelrod, A. et al. (eds.) (2005) The Global Environment, chapt 8. K3585.4 Glo

Global Environmental Politics vol 11(2) Special issue on carbon finance*Jacques, P. Dunlap, R and Freeman F(2008) ‘The organisation of Denial: Conservative

Think Tanks and Environmental Scepticism’ Environmental Politics vol 17(4):349-85 (e)

Meckling, J (2011) ‘The Globalization of Carbon Trading: Transnational Business Coalitions in Climate Politics’ Global Environmental Politics vol 11(2): 26-5)

Morega, E. (2009) Corporate Accountability in International Environmental Law (e-book)

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*Newell, P and Paterson, M. (2010) Climate Capitalism. Global Warming and the Transformation of the Global Economy. (e-book)

Ozler, I and Obach, B (2009) ‘Capitalism, State Economic Policy and Ecological Footprint: An International Comparative Analysis’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 9(1): 79-108 (e)

*Paterson, M (2007) ‘Political Economies of Sustainability’ (Review essay) Environmental Politics vol 16(1): 147-53 (e)

Prakash, A. (2007) ‘Corporate Environmentalism: Problems and Prospects’ (book review essay) Global Environmental Politics, vol 7(3)

Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 8 (environmental economics) (e-book)

Skjaerseth, J and Wettestad, J. (2010) ‘Fixing the EU Emissions Trading System? Understanding the Post-2012 Changes’ Global Environmental Politics vol 10(4): 101-23

Vormedal, I (2008) ‘The Influence of Business and Industry NGOs in the Negotiation of the Kyoto Mechanisms: the Case of Carbon Capture and Storage in the CDM’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol. 8 (4): 36-65 (e)

Seminar topics for week 4 Can international trade and environmental protection be reconciled? How do economic interests influence global environmental policy?

WEEK 5 (16 Feb): Environmental NGOs and civil society movements

*Alcock, F (2008) ‘Conflicts and Coalitions Within and Across the ENGO Community’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 8(4): 66-91 (e)

Boström, M. Hallstrom, K (2010) ‘NGO Power in Global Social and Environmental Standard-Setting’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol 10 ( 4) : 36-59

Carpenter, C. (2001) ‘Businesses, Green Groups and The Media…in the Climate Change Debate’ International Affairs 77 (2), 313–328. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2346.00194

*Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, chapter 6 Cashore, B. et al (2009) ‘The Emergence of Non-State Environmental Governance in

European and North American Forest Sectors’ in Schreurs, et al Transatlantic Environmental and Energy Politics HC110.E5 Sch.

Connelly, J and Smith, G. (2003) Politics and the Environment. GE170 Con, chapt 3 Doherty, B and Doyle, T. (eds.) (2006) ‘Beyond Borders: Transnational Politics, Social

Movements and Modern Environmentalisms’ Special Issue of Environmental Politics vol 15(5) (e)

Doherty, B (2006) ‘Friends of the Earth International : Negotiating a Transnational Identity’ Environmental Politics vol 15(5) : 860-80 (e)

Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth : the Environmental Politics Reader GE170 Deb. Section XII : The Green Movement

Duit, A (2011) ‘Patterns of Environmental Collective Action: Some Cross-National Findings’ Political Studies vol 59( 4): 900-20.(e)

*Ford, L. (2011) ‘Transnational actors in global environmental politics’ in Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, chapter 2, GE 170 Glo

Jordan, G. and Maloney, W. (1997) The Protest Business? GE195 Jor.Keck, M and Sikkink, K (1998) Activists Beyond Borders. Advocacy Networks in International

Politics JF 529 Kec chapters 1 and 4 Mason, M (2004) ‘Representing Transnational Environmental Interests: New Opportunities for

NGO Access within the WTO?’ Environmental Politics, vol 13(4) (e)*McCormick, J. (2005) ‘The Role of Environmental NGOs in International Regimes’ in

Axelrod, R. et al (eds.) The Global Environment. , K3585.4 Glo *Newell, P (2008) ‘Civil Society, Corporate Accountability and the Politics of Climate Change ‘

Global Environmental Politics vol 8(3) :122-153 (e)Lowe, P and Wilkinson. K (2009) ‘How do environmental actors make governance systems

more sustainable?’ in Adger and Jordan Governing Sustainability, chap 4 (GE170 Gov)

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*McGregor, I. (2011) ‘Disenfranchisement of Countries and Civil Society at COP-15 in Copenhagen’ Global Environmental Politics vol 11(1): 1-7 (see also subsequent comment by D Fisher, pp8-11)

Poloni-Staudinger, L. (2008) ‘The Domestic Opportunity Structure and Supranational Activity’ European Union Politics vol 9(4): 531-58 (e)

Räthzel, N., Uzzell, D. (2011) Trade unions and climate change: The jobs versus environment dilemma’ Global Environmental Change vol 21(4): 1215-1223

Richards, J. and Heard, J (2005) ‘European environmental NGOs: Issues, resources and strategies in marine campaigns’ Environmental Politics vol 14(1): 23-41 (e)

Roberts, G. (2007) ‘Modes of Environmental Activism (review essay) Environmental Politics vol 16(4): 677-82.(e)

Rootes, C. (2006) ‘Facing South? British Environmental Movement Organisations and the Challenge of Globalisation’ Environmental Politics 15 (5) : 768-86. (e)

*Rootes, C. (ed.) (2003) Environmental Protest in Western Europe (e-book)*Schroeder, H. and Lovell, H. (2012) The role of non-nation-state actors and side events in

the international climate negotiations. Climate Policy vol 12(1): 23-37.

Seminar topics for week 5 Are environmental NGOS more than ‘mere spectators’ to international environmental agreements? (Students will present different NGOs’ profile)

Whose interests are best represented by major international NGOs?

WEEK 6: (20-24 Feb) innovative teaching week: no seminar, but see list of SPS activities at: http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/news/innovative_learning_week

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WEEK 7 ( 1 March) Scientific experts, citizens and the media

scientific experts and citizensBackstrand, K (2004) ‘Review Article: Science, Uncertainty and Participation in Global

Environmental Governance’ Environmental Politics vol 13(3):650-56 (e) *Backstrand, K. (2004) ‘Scientisation vs Civil Expertise in Environmental Governance’

Environmental Politics, vol 13(4):695-714 [e]Barr, S., Gilg, A., Shaw, G. (2011) ‘Citizens, consumers and sustainability: (Re)Framing

environmental practice in an age of climate change’ Global Environmental Change vol 21(4): 1224-1233

Carolan, M. S. (2008) ‘The Multidimensionality of Environmental Problems: The GMO Controversy and the Limits of Scientific Materialism’ Environmental Values, vol 17(1): 67-82 (e)

*Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth: The Environmental Politics Reader, 2nd ed. GE170 Deb., section XIII

Fischer, F (2000) Citizens, Experts, and the Environment : The Politics of Local Knowledge GE 170 Fis

Haas, P. (1992) ‘Banning chlorofluorocarbons: epistemic community efforts to protect stratospheric ozone’ International Organization vol 46(1) Winter (introduces notion of ‘epistemic community’

*Jacques, P. Dunlap, R and Freeman. F. (2008) ‘The organisation of Denial: Conservative Think Tanks and Environmental Scepticism’ Environmental Politics vol 17(4):349-85 (e)

Keller, A. (2009) Science in Environmental Policy : The Politics of Objective Advice GE170 Kel. (standard loan)

McKay, D. (2009) Sustainable Energy – Without the Hot Air (Cambridge: UIT Press) Available at: http://www.withouthotair.com/

Malnes, R (2008) ‘Climate Science and the Way We Ought to Think About Danger’ Environmental Politics vol 17(4): 660-672 (e)

Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 4 (science and technology) (e-book)

media

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Besley, J (2004) ‘Skepticism about media effects concerning the environment: Examining Lomborg’s hypotheses’ Society and Natural Resources vol 17(10): 861-80. http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/50026820-59259706/content~db=all~content=a714036361

Edwards, D. and Henderson, C (2000) ‘ Can we trust the media on the environment?’ The Ecologist’ 9 June, Available at http://www.theecologist.org/blogs_and_comments/commentators/other_comments/269667/can_we_trust_the_media_on_the_environment.html

*Gavin, N. and Marshall, T. (2011) Mediated climate change in Britain: Scepticism on the web and on television around Copenhagen Global Environmental Change vol 21(3):1035-44

Gavin, N (2009) ‘Addressing climate change: a media perspective’ Environmental Politics vol 18(5) : 765-80 (e)

Hutchins, B and Lester L (2006) ‘Environmental Protest and Tap-Dancing with the Media in the Information Age’ Media, Culture and Society, vol. 28 (3): 433-451 (e)

Liberatore, A. (1995)‘The Social Construction of Environmental Problems’ in Glasbergen P & Blowers (eds. ) Perspectives on Environmental Problems, pp59-83. GE 170 Env

McCright, A. and Dunlap, R. (2011) ‘Cool dudes: The denial of climate change among conservative white males in the United States’ Global Environmental Change vol 21(4): 1163-1172.

Petersen, L. (2007) ‘Changing public discourse on the environment: Danish media coverage of the Rio and Johannesburg UN summits’ Environmental Politics vol 16(2):206-30 (e)

Smith, J (2001) ‘Dangerous news: media decision-making about climate change risk’ Risk Analysis, 25(6): 1471–1482 (e)

Uusi-Rauva, C., Tienari, J. (2010) ‘On the relative nature of adequate measures: Media representations of the EU energy and climate package Global Environmental Change vol 20(3): 492-501

WorlPress.org - Press reports on environmental summits from around the world http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/3466.cfm

Seminar topics for week 7 How does the media shape our understanding of environmental issues? How do actors use science to further their goals in area of global environmental policy and politics?

Week 8 (8 Mar): International organisations and regimes

See readings for week 2Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, ch 9Connelly, J and Smith, G. (2003) Politics and the Environment. GE170 Con., chapt 7 Doherty, E. and Schroeder, H. (2011) ‘Forest Tenure and Multi-level Governance in Avoiding Deforestation under REDD+’ Global Environmental Politics vol 11 (4): 66-88*Downie, D (2005) Global Environmental Policy: Governance through Regimes’ in Axelrod,

A. The Global Environment, chapter 4 (K3 585.4 Glo, and e-book) *Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth : the Environmental Politics Reader

GE170 Deb., Part III, Sect VEcklersley, R (2007) ‘A Green Public Sphere in the WTO?...’ European Journal of

International Relations, vol 13, n3: 329-56 (e)Elliot, L. (2004) The Global Politics of the Environment, 2nd ed., GE 170 Ell, chpt 4Haas, P. (1992) ‘Banning chlorofluorocarbons: epistemic community efforts to protect

stratospheric ozone’ International Organization vol 46(1) Hicks, R. (2008) Greening Aid? Understanding the Environmental Impact of Development

Assistance (e-book) International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics (2007) Special issue

on the UN in Global Environmental Governance. Vol 7 (4) DecemberIvanova, M. (2010) ‘UNEP in Global Environmental Governance: Design, Leadership,

Location’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 10(1): 30-59 (e)

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Kaasa, S. M. (2007) ‘The UN Commission on Sustainable Development: Which Mechanisms Explain Its Accomplishments?’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 7(3) Library, standard loan)

Ostrom, E (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Chapts 2, 3, and 6. (TC409 Ost)

Paterson, M . (2009) ‘Global governance for sustainable capitalism’ in in Adger, N and Jordan, A (eds) (2009) Governing Sustainability , chap 5 (GE170 Gov)

Pellizzoni, L and Ylonen, M. (2008) ‘Responsibility in Uncertain Times: An Institutional Perspective on Precaution’ Global Environmental Politics , Vol 8 (3) :51-73 (e)

Pew Global survey http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=25Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 7 (intl environmental policy) (e-

book)*Sanwal, M. (2007) ‘Current Debates: Evolution of Global Environmental Governance and the

UN’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 7(3) Aug (e)Skodvin, T., Andresen, S., Hovi, J. (eds) (2006) Global Environmental Politics (Special

Issue: The Negotiation and Effectiveness of International Environmental Agreements) vol 6(3)

Sprinz, D (2009) ‘Long-Term Environmental Policy: Definition, Knowledge, Future Research’ Global Environmental Politics vol 9 (3): 1-8 (e)

Young, O. (1997) Global Governance GE 170 Glo

European UnionAxelrod, R., Vig. N. and Schreurs, M. (2005) ‘The EU as an Environmental Governance

System’ in Axelrod, R. et al (eds.) The Global Environment. , K3585.4 Glo *Benson, D. and Jordan, A. (2010)’ European Union environmental policy after the Lisbon

Treaty: plus c¸a change, plus c’est la meˆme chose? Environmental Politics vol 19 (3): 468-74 (e)

Bretherton, C and Vogler, J (2006) The European Union as a Global Actor, 2nd ed. chapter 4 D1060 BRE

Harris, P. (ed.) (2007) Europe and Global Climate Change (QC981.8.C5 Eur) Part IJordan, A Huitema, D van Asselt, H, Rayner, T and Berkhout, F. (2010) Climate Change

Policy in the European Union (QC 903.2 E85 Cli)*Keleman, D (2010) ‘Globalizing European Union environmental policy’  Journal of European

Public Policy 17: 3, 335- 349Keleman, D and Vogel, D (2010 ‘Trading Places: The Role of the United States and the

European Union in International Environmental Politics’ Comparative Political Studies vol. 43(4): 427-456

*Oberthür, S. and Kelly, C. (2008) ‘EU Leadership in International Climate Policy: Achievements and Challenge’ The International Spectator, vol 43(3): 35–50 Available at: http://www.iai.it/pdf/articles/oberthur_roche-kelly.pdf

Schreurs, M. (2007) ‘Multi-Level Reinforcement: Explaining European Union Leadership in Climate Change Mitigation’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 7(4) (special issue on climate change ) (e)

Seminar topics for week 8 Is the UN ‘fit for purpose’ on issues of global environment?What best explains why regimes succeed/fail?

WEEK 9 (15 March) Sustainable development

*Adger, N and Jordan, A (eds) (2009) Governing Sustainability (GE170 Gov) *Baker, S. (2006) Sustainable Development HC79.E5 BakBaker, S, et al (1997) The Politics of Sustainable Development, esp Part IBarry, J and Franklin, M (2002) International Encyclopedia of the Environment GE 170 Int*Barry, J. and Paterson, M (2004) ‘Globalisation, Ecological Modernisation and New Labour’

Political Studies vol 52 (4): 767-784 (e)Bomberg, E.(2004) ‘Adapting Form to Function? From Economic to Sustainable Development

Governance in the EU’ in Lafferty, W. (ed.) Governance for Sustainable Development *Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, 2nd ed. ch8

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Danilov, V., et al (2009) Sustainable Development and the Limitation Of Growth. Future Prospects For World Civilization (e-book)

*Dryzek, J. and Schlosberg, D. (2005) Debating the Earth : the Environmental Politics Reader GE170 Deb., Sect VI, X, XI

Ehresman, T and Stevisk D. (2011) ‘International environmental and ecological justice’ in Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, chapter 6, GE 170 Glo

Elliot, L. (2004) The Global Politics of the Environment, 2nd ed., GE 170 Ell, chpt 1, 8Focht, W. (2008) ‘Governance for Sustainability’ (review essay) Environmental Politics vol

17(1): 131-37 (e) Harlow, J. Golub, A and Allenby, B. (2011) ‘A Review of Utopian Themes in Sustainable

Development Discourse’ Sustainable Development (early view; not yet published in print edition) . Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sd.522/full

Lafferty, W (ed) (2005) Governance for Sustainable Development. The Challenge of Adapting Form to Function

*Lipschutz, R (2009) ‘The Sustainability Debate: Déjà Vu All Over Again?’ Global Environmental Politics vol 9 (4): 136-141 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/global_environmental_politics/v009/9.4.lipschutz.pdf

Milanez, B and Buhrs, T. (2007) ‘Marrying Strands of Ecological Modernisation; A Proposed Framework’ Environmental Politics vol 16(4): 565-83 (e)

Mol, A and Sonnenfeld, A. (2000) ‘Ecological Modernisation Around the World’, special issue of Environmental Politics vol 9(1) Spring

Page, E (2007) ‘Intergenerational Justice of What: Welfare, Resources or Capabilities?’ Environmental Politics vol 16(3):453-469 (se

Porrit, J (2006) Sustainable Development: big not boring’ BBC’s Green Room http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6178138.stm

Quental, N. Lourenço, J. and Nunes da Silva, J. ‘Sustainable development policy: goals, targets and political cycles’ Sustainable Development, vol 11(1): 15-29 available at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sd.416/abstract

Rauschmayer, F. , Omann, I. Fru ̈hmann, J. (2011) Sustainable Development : Capabilities, Needs, and Well-Being HC79.E5 Sus

*Roberts, J. (2011) Environmental Policy, 2nd ed. chapter 7 (sustainable development) (e-book)

Sands, P and Peel, J ‘Environmental Protection in the 21st Century: Sustainable Development and International Law in Perspective’ in Axelrod, A. The Global Environment, chapter 3 (K3 585.4 Glo)

Schlosberg, D. And Rinfret, S. (2008) ‘Ecological Modernisation, American Style’ Environmental Politics vol 17(2): 354-75 (e)

Warner, R (2010) ‘Ecological modernisation theory: towards a critical ecopolitics of change?’ Environmental Politics vol 19 (2): 538-56 (e)

Weale, A (2009) ‘Governance, government and the pursuit of sustainability’ in Adger, N and Jordan, A (eds) (Governing Sustainability , chap 3 (GE170 Gov)

WCED (1987) Our Common Future (Brundtland Report) Link: http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm

Seminar topics for week 9 We’ll compare how sustainable development is interpreted in the developed and developing worlds; What are the prospects for Rio + 20?

WEEK 10 (22 March) Climate change: general and comparative dimensions

Climate change, generalBulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing Climate Change QC903 Bul.*Dobson, A. (2010) ‘Book review essay: The politics of climate change’ Environmental

Politics vol 19 (2): 310-12(e)Betsill, M. (2005) Global Climate Change Policy. Making Progress of Spinning Wheels?’ in

Axelrod, R. et al (eds.) The Global Environment. , K3585.4 Glo Giddens, A (2009) The Politics of Climate Change QC981.8.C5 Gid.Harris, P. (2011) ‘Climate Change’ in Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, GE 170 Glo

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Helm, D. and Hepburn, C. (2009) The economics and politics of climate change *Hulme, M (2009) Why We Disagree About Climate Change. Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity. QC981.8.C5 Hul.

Pralle, S (2009) ‘Agenda-setting and climate change’ Environmental Politics vol 18(5): 781-99 (e)

Kolbert, E. (2006) Field Notes from a Catastrophe. Man, Nature and Climate Change QC981.8 G56 Kol

*Paterson, M (2004) ‘Review Essay: Climate Change Politics’ Environmental Politics vol 13(2) : 482-88.

Paterson, M (2009) ‘Post-Hegeomonic Climate Change?’ British Journal of Politics and International Relations vol 11(1): 140-58(e)

Paterson, M. (1996) Global Warming and Global Politics QC 981.8 G56 PatSpray, S and McGlothlin, L (2002) Global Climate Change QC 981.8 C5 G10Stern, N. (2010) ‘Climate: What you need to know’ (review of Bill McKibbon’s Eaarth). New

York Review of Books. 24 June Available at: http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2010/jun/24/climate-what-you-need-know/

Stern Review see: http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/ See also Prospect Magazine ‘Conversation w Nicholas Stern’, July 2008 (Issue 148) http://www.prospect-magazine.co.uk/article_details.php?id=10256 (e)

Vanderheiden, S. (ed.) (2008) Political Theory and Global Climate Change QC981.8.C5 Pol.

Climate change and justiceAthanasiou, T and Baer, P. (2002) Dead Heat. Global Justice and Global Warming QC981.8

G56 AthBeckman, L and Page, E (eds) (2008) Perspectives on Justice, Democracy and Global

Climate Change (special issue of Environmental Politics) vol 17 (4) Ehresman, T and Stevisk D. (2011) ‘International environmental and ecological justice’ in

Kütting, ed Global Environmental Politics, chapter 6, GE 170 Glo Page, E (2007) ‘Intergenerational Justice of What: Welfare, Resources or Capabilities?’

Environmental Politics vol 16(3):453-469 (e)Soltau, F. (2009) Fairness in International Climate Change Law and Policy (Law and Europa

library, K3593 Sol.)Sowers, J. (2007) ‘The Many Injustices of Climate Change (review essay) Global

Environmental Politics, vol 7(4) Nov (special issue on climate change ) e-journal Vanderheiden, S. (2008) Atmospheric Justice: A Political Theory of Climate Change(e-book)

Climate change, comparativeAdger, N., Barnett. J, et al (2011) ‘This Must Be the Place: Underrepresentation of Identity

and Meaning in Climate Change Decision-Making’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol 11(2) 1-25

Cass, L. (2007) ‘The indispensable awkward partner: the UK in European climate policy’ in Harris, P. (ed.) Europe and Global Climate Change (QC981.8.C5 Eur) pp63-86.

Campbell, K (2007) Climatic cataclysm : The Foreign Policy and National Security Implications of Climate Change QC981.8.C5 Cli

Carter, N (2008) ‘Combating Climate Change in the UK: Challenges and Obstacles Political Quarterly vol 79(2): 194-205 (e)

DeSombre, E (2005) ‘Understanding US Unilateralism: Domestic Sources of US International Environmental Policy’ in Axelrod, A. et al. (eds.) (2005) The Global Environment, chapt 10. K3585.4 Glo

Friedman, T. (2007) ‘The Power of Green’ New York Times Magazine, April 15, 2007 Available at: Friedman

Harris, P. (ed.) (2007) Europe and Global Climate Change (QC981.8.C5 Eur) Part IHarrison, K and Sundstrom, L. (2007) The Comparative Politics of Climate Change. Special

Issue of Global Environmental Politics, Vol 7(4)Harrison, K and Sundstrom, L. (2010) Global Commons, Domestic Decisions. The

Comparative Politics of Climate Change (on order)Hatch, M. (2007) ‘The Politics of climate change in Gemany’ in Harris, P. (ed.) Europe and

Global Climate Change (on order), pp 41-62

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Harris, P (2009) Climate Change and Foreign Policy : Case Studies from East to West QC981.8.C5 Cli.

Hovi, J., Sprinz, D and Underdal, A. (2009) Implementing Long-Term Climate Policy: Time Inconsistency, Domestic Politics, International Anarchy’ Global Environmental Politics, Vol 9(3): pp. 20-39 (e)

Jaggard, L. (2007) Climate Change Politics in Europe : Germany and the International Relations of the Environment (HUB, QC981.8.C5 Jag)

McBeath, J. and Rosenberg, J (2006) Comparative environmental politics (e-book) Rabe, B. (ed.) (2010) Greenhouse Governance. Addressing Climate Change in America (on

order)Schreurs, et al (2009) ‘Conflict and Cooperation in Transatlantic Climate Politics: Different

Stories at Different Levels’ in Schreurs, et al Transatlantic Environment and Energy Politics HC110.E5 Sch.

Seminar topics for week 10 Why do different states adopt such different positions on this issue (discussion to include considerations of economic interests, politics and justice)Possible video link, Prof Barry Rabe, Univ of Michigan ‘US and climate change’

Week 11 (29 Mar): Climate change International agreements

Also review weeks 3-6 readings

Betsill, M (2005) ‘Global Climate Change Policy: Making Progress or Spinning Wheels?’ in Axelrod, A. et al. (eds.) (2005) The Global Environment. K3585.4 Glo (and e-book)

Biermann, F and Siebenhuner, B (eds.) (2009) Managers of Global Change : The Influence of International Environmental Bureaucracies (JZ4850 Man)

Boehmer-Christiansen and Kellow, A. (2002) International Environmental Policy. Interests and the Failure of the Kyoto Process.

Busch, P (2009) ‘The Climate Secretariat: making a living in a straitjacket’ in Biermann, F and Siebenhuner, B (eds.) (2009) Managers of global change(JZ4850 Man)

*Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, chapter 9Connelley and Smith, (2003) Politics and the Environment, chapter 7Dauvergne, D. (2005) Handbook of Global Environmental Politics GE170 Han*Carter, N. (2007) Politics of the Environment, chapter 9,10Christoff , P. (2010) ‘Cold climate in Copenhagen: China and the United States at COP15’

Environmental Politics vol 19 (4): 637-56(e)Dimitrov, R (2010) ‘Inside Copenhagen: The State of Climate Governance Global

Environmental Politics, vol 10(2): . 18-24 (e)Fisher, D (2010) ‘COP-15 in Copenhagen: How the Merging of Movements Left Civil Society

Out in the Cold’ Global Environmental Politics, vol 10(2): 11-17 (e)Keohane, R and Victor, D. (2011) ‘The Regime Complex for Climate Change’ Perspectives

on Politics vol 9(1) 7-23 (e) *Orr, S (2011) ‘Reimagining Global Climate Change: Alternatives to the UN Treaty Process’

(Book Review Essay) Global Environmental Politics vol 11(4): 134-8Vezirgiannidou, S. (2009) The Climate Change Regime Post-Kyoto: Why Compliance is

Important and How to Achieve it’ Global Environmental Politics, vol9(4): 41-63 (e)*Vezirgiannidou, S. (2008) ‘The Kyoto Agreement and the Pursuit of Relative Gains’

Environmental Politics vol 17(1):140-57 (e) Zedillo. E. (2008) Global Warming : Looking Beyond Kyoto QC981.8.G56 Glo.

Seminar topics for week 11 Groups will be assigned different actors and will explain their role in and impact on the Durban climate talks in Dec 2011. We’ll also discuss the future of Kyoto

WEEK 12 (5 April) Optional: students may present policy report topics

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Seminar topic for week 12 (Optional) students have the opportunity to present a 5 minute overview of their policy report topic, especially key themes/ideas they are exploring

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V. SEMINAR ARRANGEMENTS

FORMATSeminars will adopt a mixed format including debates, student presentations open discussion and small group work. You will hopefully all also use WebCT discussion pages to communicate outside of class, share handouts and information.

EXPECTATIONS AND REQUIREMENTSParticipation in seminars is monitored and assessed (see below). Failure to attend regularly will lower the student’s mark. Expectations:

1. Everyone comes prepared to participate; everyone gets a chance to contribute.

2. Seminar hand-ins. You are expected to read on assigned topics even if you are not presenting. Please bring one side of an A4 sheet (no more) which includes:

key findings from your reading related to one or both seminar topics (bullet points are fine);

a list of at least 3 sources

3. All students will be able to make a short presentation to get discussion going. The presentations should be brief (5-10 minutes maximum) and are intended to serve as the base for subsequent discussion. You therefore needn’t cover all relevant points. Rather, distil for us a few key arguments and present them clearly.

ASSESSMENTSeminar performance will comprise 25% of your overall mark. It includes seminar attendance and participation, weekly reading summaries, individual and group presentations. These will be explained fully to the students in week 1 and monitored by the convenor throughout. Student will receive a (non-binding) mid-term seminar mark and indication of their seminar strengths and weaknesses.

The most successful formula for earning a high seminar mark is consistent high-quality performance throughout the course (rather than one stunning presentation but poor performance the other weeks).

The quality rather than quantity of your contributions will be monitored. It’s not a race to see who can say the most. Rather, students will be rewarded for their capacity to make relevant points, bring in the readings where appropriate, listen to and engage with others.

Feedback will be provided on your performance. In week 7 I will provide you with a brief verbal progress report which, whilst not binding, will give you an idea of how you’re doing and why. Students will also be encouraged to give one another feedback of presentations. In addition, any student is welcome to come speak to me about their performance during office hours or by appointment during the semester.

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SEMINAR SCHEDULE Below find broad topics to be discussed each week. We’ll cover these topics using a

mix of individual and group presentations, debates and group discussion

Week 1 (19 Jan): Studying Global Environmental Politics Topic 1: What makes global environmental politics so contested? Topic 2: Does a global ‘environmental crisis’ exist?

Week 2 (26 Jan): International Context Topic 1: Should environmental issues be considered security issues? Topic 2: Are environmental issues ‘fundamentally issues of international justice’?

Week 3 (2 Feb): States and governments Topic 1: Do sovereign states pose the main barrier to meaningful international

environmental agreements? Topic 2: How important is domestic politics in explaining a states’ position on global

environmental issues? Week 4 (9 Feb): Economic interests

Topic 1: Can international trade and environmental protection be reconciled? Topic 2: How do economic interests influence global environmental policy?

Week 5 (16 Feb): Environmental NGOs and movements Topic 1: Are environmental NGOS more than ‘mere spectators’ to international

environmental agreements? (Students will present different NGOs’ profile) Topic 2: Whose interests are best represented by major international NGOs?

Week 6: (20-24 Feb) innovative teaching week: no lecture or topics

Week 7 (1 Mar): Scientific experts, citizens and the media Topic 1: How does the media shape our understanding of environmental issues?

(Work in pairs. Each pair should bring at least one explanation and one example.) Topic 2: How do actors use science to further their goals in area of global

environmental policy and politics?

Week 8 (8 Mar): International organisations and regimes Topic 1: Is the UN ‘fit for purpose’ on issues of global environment? Topic 2: What best explains why regimes succeed/fail?

Week 9 (15 March) Sustainable development/ Topic 1: We’ll compare how sustainable development is interpreted in the developed

and developing worlds Topic 2: What are the prospects for Rio + 20?

Week 10 (22 Mar): Climate change: Comparative dimensions Topic 1: why do different states adopt such different positions on this issue

(discussion to include considerations of economic interests, politics and justice) Topic 2: Possible video link, Prof Barry Rabe, Univ of Michigan ‘US and climate

change’

Week 11 (29 Mar): Climate change : International actors and agreements Topic 1. Groups will be assigned different actors and will explain their role in and

impact on the Durban climate talks in Dec 2011 Topic 2. Future of Kyoto

Week 12 (5 April) Students may present Policy Report Topics (optional) Each student can present a 5 minute overview of their policy report topic, especially

key themes/ideas they are exploring

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APPENDIX 1: POLICY REPORT GUIDELINES(WORTH 75%)

** Two hard copies and one electronic copy of your Report are due 20 April 2012, 4pm. **

International negotiations and agreements form a core element of global environmental politics. Governments and actors at all levels have agreed various programmes, legislation or accords designed to address global environmental issues. Which actors (government and non-governmental) shaped these acts or agreements? What dynamics help explain their form? How effective are they likely to be?

For your coursework assessment you will be asked to choose one area of global environmental policy areas from the list below, and analyse one or more of the global negotiations and agreements to emerge in that area within the last 5 years

Your 3-part report (see below) will analyse the actors and dynamics shaping your chosen act/programme/accord and comment on its likely effectiveness

CHOOSE ONE AREA*

Climate Change negotiations and outcomes (e.g.: Copenhagen Accord; Cancun, Durban)

Biodiversity (e.g. Nagoya protocol)

Deforestation (e.g. REDD+)

Sustainable Development (e.g. MDG Summit 2010)

*You are welcome to analyse an environmental area/agreement not listed here, but you must submit an alternative title proposal to Dr Bomberg by 15 March. She will let you know if it can be approved. Do NOT pursue your report without first receiving her approval.

The report is due 20 April, 4pm. It is in your best interests to start thinking about your report as early as possible.

FORMAT AND CONTENT: Your Report must be clearly structured with subtitled sections. It should have at least three parts

1. Overview: You should provide a succinct (1-2 page maximum) summary of your chosen policy area and agreement.

2. Analysis : Your analysis should explain why your agreement took the form it did. Who were the main actors and what are the key dynamics shaping your chosen policy? Remember – do not merely describe --critically analyse your policy’s key development and dynamics.

Possible Actors: governmental institutions, NGOs, business and/or other interests. In addition you want to include role of media, experts, and public opinion other institutions or actors.

Possible Dynamics: sovereignty, justice, institutional or ideological battles, scientific uncertainty, multi-level interaction, inter-governmental cooperation and conflict, etc

3. Prospects : (no more than 1-2 pages) What are the prospects for your policy/programme’s effectiveness? For this section be sure you provide some criteria for what you mean by ‘effectiveness’. Is it likely to implemented or side-stepped? Are targets achievable? What are main obstacles/opportunities contributing to its impact? We realise this section will be at least partially speculative.

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LENGTH: The report should be between 3000 and 3500 words, with a maximum length of 3500 words, including end/footnotes but excluding the bibliography. Please provide a word count on your cover sheet, and note that Reports longer than 3500 words will be penalised. Note 3500 is a maximum length; there is no ‘grace margin’.

BIBLIOGRAPHYThis is a research paper and your sources are of utmost importance. Your research (and bibliography) should include at least:

6 secondary sources, at least 4 of which must be from scholarly sources such as peer reviewed academic journals or scholarly presses;

2 governmental or official internet sources (e.g. UN, national government, etc.); 1 non-governmental source (NGO, scientific body, business website, etc) 1 news article

[A word on Wikipedia: There’s nothing wrong with using this source for your own background information but do not use or cite it as an authoritative source. Anyone with internet access can create or edit an Wikipedia entry and these entries do not undergo scholarly review. ]

SUBMITTING YOUR REPORTAll coursework must be submitted as hard copy AND electronically.

1. hard copy submission: You must submit TWO HARD COPIES of your report to the Graduate School Office (room 1.20, Chrystal Macmillan Building - please submit via the drop boxes outside Reception) by 4pm on the date the assignment is due (20 April 2012).

The assignment should be word-processed on A4 paper with numbered pages; it may be printed double sided. You must also complete an coursework cover sheet; and a 'Declaration of own work' form (for the first item of assessed work submitted to SSPS in each semester). This form is students' confirmation that the work submitted is their own. For further information on plagiarism and how to avoid it, see our Avoiding Plagiarism page.

The forms are available from the Graduate School Office reception (CMB 1.20), and also in the 'forms' section of the SSPS student intranet. Your name should not appear anywhere on the essay or cover sheet.

2. electronic submission: You must also submit one ELECTRONIC COPY by the same deadline, via WebCT. Submissions in WebCT will automatically be checked for plagiarism by the TurnItIn system.

Access to WebCT is through the MyEd Portal. Once you are logged into MyEd, you should see a tab called 'Courses' which will list the active WebCT pages for your courses under 'myWebCT'. Clicking on the relevant course link will bring to the 'Welcome' page for that course. From here you will be able to access a link to submit your assignment. When submitting your electronic copy:

• Save your essay or assignment with a file name of your exam number only (printedon your student card).• To ensure your work is marked anonymously do not include your name ormatriculation number anywhere in the file, but do include your exam number.• When uploading your file you will be asked for a submission title, please prefix thetitle with your exam number (e.g. 1234567~GEP) as this helps us to ensure your submission is correctly logged.

3. Penalties for Late Submission: If you miss the submission deadline, 5 marks will be deducted for each working day (i.e. Monday to Friday) your report is late, up to a maximum of five working days (25 marks). Thereafter, an award of 0% will be given.

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4. Deadline Extensions: The course organiser may in consultation with programme director approve an extension of up to 1 week beyond the relevant submission deadline if a student has demonstrated exceptional circumstances and provided appropriate documentation in support of the request

Students requiring an extension of more than 1 week should be referred to theGraduate School Office/ Director of the Graduate School.

5. Marking and Return. Your work will be marked using the University's Common Marking Scheme. Your report will be returned, with a mark and written feedback, within 3 weeks of the submission date.

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APPENDIX 2: GUIDE TO REFERENCING

The fundamental purpose of proper referencing is to provide the reader with a clear idea of where you obtained your information, quote, idea, etc. READ THIS APPENDIX CAREFULLY: You will lose points on your report for sloppy or inadequate referencing.

We strongly recommend the Harvard-style or ‘in-text’ system which is simple to use. Here’s how it works:

1. After you have quoted from or referred to a particular text in your essay, add in parentheses the author's name, the year of publication and page numbers (if relevant). Place the full reference in your bibliography. Here is an example of a quoted passage and its proper citation:

Quotation in essay:‘Quite simply, political theory and political practice are inseparably linked.’ (Heywood 1998: 3).

Book entry in bibliography:Heywood, A. (1998) Political Ideologies: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan

Note the sequence: author, year of publication, title, edition if needed, place of publication, publisher. Note also that you should not italicise quotations.

2. If you are employing someone else’s arguments, ideas or categorisation, you will need to cite them even if you are not using a direct quote. Example:

Reference in essay:Calvert (2002: 274) argues that the ultimate defence of a political ruler is to proclaim a state of emergency.

Book entry in bibliography:Calvert, P. (2002) Comparative Politics. An Introduction. (London: Longman Publishers)

3. You will need to cite not just complete books, but also journal or newspaper articles, book chapters, and internet sites. Below we show you how to cite these various sources:

a. Chapters in book:In your essay, cite the chapter author, i.e. (Gallagher 1997).

In your bibliography details should be arranged in this sequence: author of chapter, year of publication, chapter title, title of book, editor(s) of book, place of publication, publisher, article or chapter pages.

Gallagher, M. (1997) ‘Electoral Systems and Voting Behaviour’ in Developments in West European Politics, M. Rhodes, P. Heywood and V. Wright (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp 114-130.

b. Journal Article:In your essay, cite author and year (Doherty 2007) (Add specific page number if appropriate.)

In your bibliography, details should be arranged in this sequence: author of journal article, year of publication, article title, journal title, journal volume, journal issue, article pages

For example: Doherty, B. (2007) ‘Friends of the Earth International: Negotiating a Transnational Identity’ Environmental Politics vol 15(5), pp. 860-80

c. Newspaper or magazine article: If the article has an author, cite as normal in text (Crawford 2003).

In bibliography cite as follows:

Crawford, A. (2003) ‘Foreign policy and the conundrum of a semi-autonomous leader’ The Herald (Glasgow) 16 November, p.8.

If the article has no author, cite name of newspaper in text (Economist, 2007) and list the source in bibliography by magazine or newspaper title.

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For example:Economist (2007) ‘Germany’s government. Dropping the co-pilot’ 17 November 2007, p42 (print edition).

d. Internet sites:If the site has an author cite in text as normal: i.e. (Álvarez-Rivera, 2007)In the bibliography, provide a full reference which should include author, date, title of website and URL address:

For example:Álvarez-Rivera, M (2007) ‘Election Resources on the Internet’ Available at: http://ElectionResources.org/

If the website has no author, cite the short address of the site in your text (www.idasa.org.za)In the bibliography, provide a full reference including title of website, URL address, publisher or owner of site if available.

For example:IDASA (Institute for Democracy in South Africa) (2007) www.idasa.org.za ‘Community and Citizenship Action Programme’ IDSA (If no date is available, indicate date you accessed the site)

4. If you prefer to use footnote citations, please follow the format used in reputable journals such as Parliamentary Affairs or West European Politics. If using footnotes, you should still include a full bibliography at the end of your

5. BibliographyYou need only list the sources cited in your essay or report, but be sure to include all cited sources.Sources should be listed alphabetically by author. To illustrate: the sources cited in this appendix would be listed thus:

Álvarez-Rivera, M. (2007) ‘Election Resources on the Internet’ Available at: http://ElectionResources.org/

Calvert, P. (2002) Comparative Politics. An Introduction. (London: Longman Publishers)

Crawford, A. (2003) ‘Foreign policy and the conundrum of a semi-autonomous leader’ The Herald (Glasgow) 16 November, p.8.

Economist (2007) ‘Germany’s government. Dropping the co-pilot’ 17 November, p42 (print edition).

Heywood, A. (1998) Political Ideologies: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Basingstoke: Macmillan

IDASA (Institute for Democracy in South Africa) (2007) www.idasa.org.za ‘Community and Citizenship Action Programme’ Pretoria: IDSA (accessed 3 December 2007).

EEB, 12/09

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APPENDIX 3:Global Environmental Politics: A few useful websites

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS AND LINKSUnited Nations’ global environmental information exchange network: http://www.unep.org/infoterra/welcome.htm

Website of UN’s Commission on sustainable development: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/index.html

UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: http://unfccc.int/2860.php

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: http://www.ipcc.ch/

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Environmental Directorate: http://www.oecd.org/env

NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND BUSINESS ACTORS

EnviroLink site provides links to hundreds to environmental groups and resource networks: http://envirolink.org

The World Business Council for Sustainable Development’s website includes lots of helpful links to industry sites: www.wbcsd.ch

Global Business Network is found here: www.gbn.org

350.org International campaign on climate changehttp://www.350.org/en/bill

Climate Action Network – has links to over 109 members in the climate and energy sectors http://www.climnet.org/

Some Major environmental NGOs: Greenpeace International: www.greenpeace.org Friends of the Earth International : www.foe.org World Wide Fund for Nature: (WWF) www.wwf.org Birdlife International: http://www.birdlife.org/

EUROPEAN UNIONThe EU’s official website The European Union online http://www.europa.eu is a very valuable starting point for web resources on the EU’s environmental policy and politics. The site provides further links to wide variety of official sites on EU policies, institutions, legislation, treaties and current debates.

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTiisd (International Institute for Sustainable Development) http://www.iisd.org/sd/

iNSnet Foundation (Dutch-based internetwork for sustainability)http://www.insnet.org/

Sustainability.com (think tank and consultancy) http://www.sustainability.com/ good links to news stories

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World Business Council for Sustainable Development http://www.wbcsd.org/home.aspx

THINK TANKS Ecologic – Institute for European and International Environmental policyhttp://www.ecologic.de/

Pew Center on Global Climate Change: non-partisan think tank seeking to provide ‘credible information, straight answers, and innovative solutions in the effort to address global climate change’ http://www.pewclimate.org/

Belfer Center for Science and International AffairsPart of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, this link provides a series of useful discussion papers and background reportshttp://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/topic/37/environment_and_climate_change.html

The Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP) provides very helpful briefings and news alerts: http://www.ieep.eu

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA AND STATISTICS European Environmental Agency: http://www.eea.eu.intWorld Conservation Monitoring Centre: http://www.unep-wcmc.orgOECD: http://www.oecd.org/env

Climate change facts and figures from Pewhttp://www.pewclimate.org/facts-and-figures/international

ENVIRONMENTAL NEWS SERVICESBoth the Economist and the Guardian have in-depth environmental coverage (albeit from different perspectives):

Economist debates; : http://www.economist.com/debate/archiveGuardian: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment.

Columbia University’s Journalism School’s site is excellent place to get links on climate change knowledge, facts, reporting, and more: http://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/everything_you_wanted_to_know.php

Daily Reuters Wire Service – environmental news: http://www.planetark.org

Environmental Data Services (ENDs) report – http://www.ends.co.uk excellent news briefings; subscription fee required, BUT free trial periods available

Grist Magazine: http://www.grist.org/ A self-described ‘beacon in the smog’ provides accessible environmental news and links, primarily from US media but also world wide.

Society of Environmental Journalists (US) professional organisation’s website with very helpful summaries and links. http://www.sej.org/resource/index18.htm

World Resources Institute: http://www.wri.org An environmental think tank with helpful links to several news sources

Yale Project on Climate Change: http://environment.yale.edu/climate/working-groups/politics/ Excellent links

10/2011

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