ANSWER KEY Minerals

Properties of Minerals

Review and Reinforce

1. Hardness 2. Streak 3. Density 4. Crystal structure 5. A mineral must be a naturally occurring, inor- ganic solid with a crystal structure and a defi- nite chemical composition. 6. Each mineral has its own properties because each mineral has a definite chemical composi- tion. 7. c 8. f 9. a 10. d 11. g 12. e 13. b

Using Mineral Resources

Review and Reinforce

1. Metals 2. Gemstones 3. Quartz 4. Gypsum 5. Strip mines, open-pit mines, shaft mines 6. Answers may vary. A typical answer should mention: (1) iron ore is crushed and mixed with limestone and coke; (2) the mixture is placed in a blast furnace; (3) chemical changes in the fur- nace produce molten iron and carbon dioxide; (4) iron and slag are produced and poured from the furnace. 7. Alloys are useful because they have special properties. An example is stainless steel, which is an alloy of iron, chromium, and nickel. The special property of stainless steel that is useful is that it doesn’t rust. 8. alloy 9. ore 10. smelting

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How Minerals Form Review and Reinforce

1. Magma 2. Elements; compounds 3. crystallize 4. vein 5. In general, minerals can form in two ways: by crystallization of magma and lava and through crystallization of materials dissolved in water. 6. Large crystals are likely to form when magma cools slowly, such as deep underground. Small crystals are likely to form when magma cools rapidly, as when magma cools near the surface or when lava cools. Ocean water seeps down through cracks in the crust, where magma heats it to a high temperature. The hot water dissolves minerals from the crust and rushes upward. The hot solution billows out of vents, or “chim- neys.” When the solution hits the cold sea, min- erals crystallize and settle to the ocean floor. 7. Halite deposits form when seawater slowly evaporates. 8. solution 9. geode 10. crystallization

ANSWER KEY Minerals

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