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Properties of Matter
& pH
Characteristic vs Non-Characteristic
Properties
When identifying an
unknown substance in the
lab, we are dependent on
the observations that we
make
Textbook: p. 175, 178-189
We look at the different properties of
the substance and use all of the
information collected as evidence in
order to identify what it could be
These properties can be
characteristic or non-
characteristic
Characteristic vs Non-Characteristic Properties
Characteristic Properties
A property that is unique to a
particular substance
No other substance shares
this property
Characteristic Properties
Examples:
*Density*
Boiling point
Melting/Freezing point
Characteristic Properties
*You need to memorize*
Freezing Point of Water: 0°C
Melting Point of Ice: 0°C
Boiling Point of Water: 100°C
These are all examples of Physical
Changes
Non-Characteristic Properties
A chemical or physical
property that is shared
by many different
substances
Non-Characteristic Properties
Examples:
Colour
Shape
Mass
pH
Temperature
Volume
Solubility
Magnetism
Electrical conductivity
Non-Characteristic Properties
Mass
The amount of matter
contained in an object
Measured using a scale
(balance)
Non-Characteristic Properties
Temperature
Measures particle
agitation (movement)
Measured using a
thermometer
Non-Characteristic Properties
Volume
The amount of space
that a substance occupies
Measured with graduated
cylinder, overflow can or
LxWxH
Non-Characteristic Properties
Solubility
How well a substance(solute)
can dissolve into another
substance (solvent)
Ex: salt into water
pH
What is pH?
Power of Hydrogen
What is pH?
A measure/scale that allows us
to determine if a solution is
acidic, neutral or basic
Acidic Basic (alkaline)
weaker strongerstronger
Neutral
pH of Common Substances
Acids
What is an acid?
Anything with a pH value of
less than 7
0-6.99999999999…..
Has a sour taste
Turns blue litmus paper RED
Acids
Examples:
Fruit juices
Vinegar
Sodas
Batteries
Bases
What is a base?
Anything with a pH value of
more than 7
7.00000001 - 14
Has a bitter taste
Turns red litmus paper BLUE
Bases
Examples
Baking soda
Cleaning products (soap, bleach,
etc)
Sea water
Blood
Acids vs Bases?
BRA
Blue to Red
= Acid
Neutral Substances
What is are neutral
substances?
Anything with a pH value
of exactly 7
Neutral Substances
Example
Pure water
Ethanol
How can we test if something is an Acid,
Base or Neutral?
Litmus paper!
What happens if you dip litmus paper
into an Acid?
What happens if you dip litmus paper
into a Base?
What happens if you dip litmus paper
into water?