Properties of Matter

I like cheese…

Matter All the stuff in the universe that is

not energy (and also, not “Dark

Matter” or “Dark Energy” if you don’t

know what they are– don’t worry…).

The stuff that makes stuff in the

universe…

Mass & Volume

How would you classify matter??

Physical or Chemical

Physical

Directly Observable w/out changing the

substance

Phase (state), texture/color, flexibility, etc.

Chemical

Not Directly Observable; describes ability to

change into another substance

Reactivity, flammability, etc.

All matter can be classified…

by (physical) State

Solid Definite volume

Definite shape

Molecules are in fixed positions (but vibrate) and close together

2 kinds…

Crystalline

Atoms have rigid, fixed positions; regular

Amorphous

Atoms don’t have fixed positions

How do you change from state to

state??

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/mu

ltimedia/chapter1/lesson2#heating_and_c

ooling

More…

Liquid Definite volume

Indefinite shape

Molecules can move and slide past each other

Gas Indefinite volume

Indefinite shape

Molecules can escape the liquid and move far apart

FYI: Both liquids and gasses are considered

FLUIDS – substances that flow

Ponder this….

What is pressure and what causes it?

How can you change pressure of a gas?

With your lab partners…

Watch, draw pictures and/or take notes on

each demonstration.

Discuss with your group members what is

occurring in each demo and come up with

an explanation.

Be ready to share your response with the

class

Hint: gas, pressure, temperature & volume

will have everything to do with it!!!

Gas as Matter…

The LooLoo Magdeburg Hemispheres Thing

The Crazy Burping Bottle Thing

The Wacko Non-Burping Bottle Thing

The Insane Hand-Boiler Thing

The Unreal Upside-down Thermometer Thing

The Nutty unAspirator Thing

The Silly Mass of Air in a Can Thing

The Mad Fire Syringe Thing

Boyle’s Law What happens to gasses when you

apply pressure to them??

Pa1/V or pressure is inversely proportional to volume

As P increases, V decreases

As P decreases, V increases

Charles’ Law What happens to gases when you

heat them up / cool them down??

VaT or volume is proportional to

temperature

As T increases so does V

As T decreases so does V

The Ideal Gas Law

Really PV=nrT but we

don’t care about n&r now

(you will @ AHS)

So… we can say that

PVaT

How do you change from state to

state??

http://www.middleschoolchemistry.com/mu

ltimedia/chapter1/lesson2#heating_and_c

ooling

Plasma

Such high energy that the

electrons that orbit the nucleus of

an atom are ripped away from the

nucleus

More abundant than you think!!!

More on plasmas later!!

Change of State

solid

liquid

gas

plasma

freeze

condensation

melt

vaporization

ionization deionization

sublimation

solid

gas

deposition

More…..

ΔT How is a solid different from a liquid –

gas or plasma???

Just in temperature!

Temperature is the measure of the molecular motion in a substance.

T vs E

Fahrenheit

Fahrenheit scale, used primarily in the US

Freezing point of water is 32 degrees and the

boiling point is 212 degrees while measured at

standard pressure.

Zero degrees Fahrenheit was the coldest

temperature that the German born scientist

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit could create with a

mixture of ice and ordinary salt.

He is credited with the invention of the mercury

thermometer and introduced it and his scale in

1714 in Holland, where he lived most of his life.

Celsius…

Devised by Swedish Astronomer Andres Celsius (1701-1744)

100 degrees between the freezing point of 0 degrees and boiling point of 100 degrees of pure water at sea level air pressure.

Term Celsius was adopted in 1948 by an international conference on weights and measures.

This is the most widely used scale in the world.

Absolute Temperature (Kelvin)

Invented by William

Thomson, also know as

Lord Kelvin

British scientist who made

important discoveries about

heat in the 1800's.

Scientists have determined that

the coldest it can get, in theory, is

minus 273.15 degrees Celsius.

This temperature has never

actually been reached, though

scientists have come close.

The value, minus 273.15 degrees

Celsius, is called Absolute Zero.

At this temperature scientists

believe that molecular motion would

stop.

The Kelvin scale uses this

number as zero. To get

other temperatures in the

Kelvin scale, you add 273

degrees to the Celsius

temperature.

How to measure temperature Kelvin – the “absolute temperature” scale based

on molecular motion

0 K = -273.15°C

Absolute zero (0K) all molecular motion ceases

Centigrade (Celsius) based on H2O

FP = 0° BP = 100°

1°C = 1K in size

so.. 125K = ?? °C

Fahrenheit = dumb… based on slush and body temp

F = °C(9/5)+32

Back to pressure…

Air Pressure: force of the

gasses in the atmosphere

pushing on us (on other

things..)

Gas Pressure: force(s) of

specific gasses pushing on

the container that they are in.

Sooo…

What is the relationship b/t

temperature of a gas and its volume?

What is the relationship b/t volume of

a gas and the pressure it exerts?

What is the relationship b/t

temperature of a gas and the

pressure it exerts?