PROPERTIES OF MATTER

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

PROPERTIES AND CHANGES

CHEMISTRY: BIG IDEAS

1. The use of elements and compounds has both positive and negative effects on society and the environment

2. Elements and compounds have specific physical and chemical properties that determine their practical uses.

What does that mean?Individual characteristics of substances determine how they are

used.

MATTER

Everything is made of matter.Your deskYour shoesYour lunch

To determine what type of matter something is we use our senses to make observations of its properties.

5 senses?SightSmellTouchSoundTaste

MATTER

Knowing the properties of matter means knowing how to handle it safely- especially when something goes wrong.*WHMIS

Tell me about this:

All matter has both physical and chemical properties.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESCharacteristics of a substance that are observed with

the senses Can be observed or measured without

changing the composition of the substance

The boiling point of water is 100°C The melting point of water is 0°C Can be measured without breaking the

molecules apart into hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

There are 2 types of physical properties….

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. Qualitative:Characteristics that can be described but not

measured (i.e. no numerical information)Ex: the solution is an opaque, dark blue colour

2. Quantitative:Characteristics that can be measured numericallyData represented with numbersEx: We have 238 ml of the solution

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESQualitative

PROPERTY EXAMPLE

Colour Blue, colourlessOdour Sweet, pungentState Solid, liquid, gasTexture Soft, smooth, rough Lustre Shiny, dull Malleable Pliable, hard, soft

PHYSICAL PROPERTIESQuantitative

PROPERTY EXAMPLE

Conductivity Ability to conduct electrons or heat

Viscosity Resistance to flow

Melting point* Melts at ______

Boiling point* Boils at ______

Density* Mass to volume ratio

Solubility Ability to dissolve other substances

Hardness Ability to scratch other substances

CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Physical properties can be used to identify a substance:

Eg) The specific temperature at which a substance changes state is a characteristic physical property

Melting point: temp at which a solid turns into a liquid

Boiling point: temp at which a liquid turns into a gas

Density – Substances have a specific density ratio

Water has very unique physical properties:Can exist in 3 states at the same time

Unusually high boiling pointTemperature moderation

Very soluble!

Can dissolve a large variety of chemical substances

Liquid is more dense than solid

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Describe the ability of a substance to react with another substance and form a new substance

Eg. Ability of copper to turn green (oxidizing) is a chemical property

PROPERTY EXAMPLE

Reactivity -How elements and compounds react to create new chemicals or products

Combustibility

-The ability of an element or compound to burn in air

Stability -How easily a substance decomposes - More stable = longer to break down

Toxicity -Refers to the harm that exposure can cause to animals and plants

Reactivity

A substance’s tendency to react to different substances is a chemical property

Reaction with WaterSodium explosionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTcgo46nxNECalcium carbide lighthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thkgrwGgALw

Reaction with Oxygen Iron rustCombustion fire

Reaction with acids or basesBaking soda and acid produce CO2 makes dough risehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sgr9gery9dY

PROPERTY PHYSICAL?

CHEMICAL?

Red colourDensityFlammabilitySolubilityReacts with acid to from hydrogen gasSupports combustionBitter tasteMelting pointReacts with water to form gasReacts with a base to form a gasHardnessBoiling pointLustre Odour

Physical ChangesObjects do not change their

chemical nature

Physical properties change - texture, shape, size, colour, odour

Eg. Baseball bat

Eg. Sugar water

Chemical ChangesAtoms combine to form new

molecules

One or more of the following indicates a chemical change:Change of colour

Gas produced

Energy released or consumed

Precipitate is formed

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE? Physical change think…

Change in shape Change in appearance

Chemical change think … Burning Cooking Rusting Film processing

[Was there production of a new substance?]

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE?

HOMEWORK

Using the tables in your notes, add an everyday example of each property