Proof Methods | jiblm.org

8/9/2019 Proof Methods | jiblm.org

1/43

@GX\BNI GC OB^XO\_+LNQHD IHN\BOBM OB KNTFHKNTOAQ

Bg 4) &Qhzt"


2/43

Agbthbtq

Tg tfh Obqt|xatg| " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " oo

Tg tfh Qtxdhbt " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " ooo

> Qyklgioa Igmoa Tfh tfobm tfnt |hniiy qhzn|nthq xq c|gk tfh nzhq" >

>"> Qtnthkhbtq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " >

>"< Agkzgxbd qtnthkhbtq nbd igmoani agbbhatoshq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "1 Okzioantogbq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 8

>"4 ^xnbtoh|q " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " =

< Z |ggc khtfgdq N|mxobm oqbt xqt cg| kn||ohd zhgzih ?

1 Kntfhkntoani obdxatogb Tfh dgkobg hcchat" >3

4"> Bgtntogb nbd dhbotogbq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " >34"< Shbb donm|nkq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " >6

4"1 Qht gzh|ntogbq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " >?

4"4 Qht z|gdxatq nbd zg}h| qhtq " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "


3/43

Tg tfh Obqt|xatg|

Tfhqh bgthq fnsh lhhb }|otthb cg| xqh ob nb obt|gdxatogb tg z|ggc ainqq }otf n Aniaxixq

O z|h|h~xoqoth" Tfh agx|qh oq dhqombnthd nq }|otobm obthbqosh nbd qntoqhq gbh gc tfh t}g

}|otobm |h~xo|hkhbtq cg| tfh kntfhkntoaq kn`g|" Kgqt gc tfh qtxdhbtq tfnt fnsh tnehb tfoq

ainqq nt Lh||y Agiihmh n|h kntfhkntoaq kn`g|q nbd kobg|q) lxt gaanqogbniiy gtfh| qaohbahkn`g|q }oii tneh tfh agx|qh" Nt tfh lhmobbobm gc tfh qhkhqth| qtxdhbtq gcthb }g|e ob qknii

m|gxzq gbh g| t}g dnyq zh| }hhe xbtoi tfhy lhmob tg dhshigz kg|h cnkoion|oty }otf tfh

thafbo~xhq gc z|ggc" Ob tfhqh qknii m|gxzq) tfhy qgkhtokhq }g|e gb agbqt|xatobm z|ggcq

tfnt tfhy komft inth| z|hqhbt tg tfh ainqq" Gtfh| tokhq) tfhy }g|e agiinlg|ntoshiy gb sn|ogxq

eobdq gc }g|eqfhhtq tfnt n|h dhqombhd tg fhiz tfhk qhh tfh xboty gc kntfhkntoaq nbd z|hzn|h

tfhk tg t|nbqzg|t tfh tfobmq tfhy ihn|b ob tfh z|ggc ainqq tg gtfh| agx|qhq" Nq tfhy lhagkh

kg|h z|gaohbt nt }|otobm z|ggcq) tfhy qzhbd ihqq tokh }g|eobm ob m|gxzq nbd kg|h tokh

dgobm z|hqhbtntogbq nt tfh lgn|d" Ly tfh hbd gc tfh qhkhqth|) hnaf dny gc ainqq oq qzhbt gb

qtxdhbt z|hqhbtntogbq"

Ob tfh bgthq tfnt cgiig}) tfh|h n|h ^xhqtogbq) Hvh|aoqhq nbd Z|glihkq tfnt n|h khnbt cg|

tfh qtxdhbtq" Tfh ^xhqtogbq n|h tfh|h tg mht tfh qtxdhbt qtn|thd tfobeobm nlgxt dhbotogbq

g| nvogkq lhcg|h tfhy qtn|t t|yobm tg z|gsh nbytfobm" Tfh qgixtogbq tg tfh Hvh|aoqhq n|h

mhbh|niiy kg|h |gxtobh nbd nq qxaf n|h obthbdhd tg lh xqhd tg qtokxinth ainqq) g| qknii

m|gxz) doqaxqqogb) }otfgxt tfh qtxdhbt fnsobm tg }g||y nlgxt agbqt|xatobm n cg|kni z|ggc"

Tfh Z|glihkq n|h tfh|h cg| qtxdhbtq tg }g|e gb nbd a|hnth z|ggcq" Kgqt gc tfhqh qtnthkhbtq

n|h t|xh) tfgxmf bgt nii" Tfh mhbh|ni obqt|xatogb oq khnbt tg lh Z|gsh) g| doqz|gsh nbd

qnisnmh) oc zgqqolih" Tfnt oq) oc tfh qtnthkhbt oq t|xh) z|gsodh n z|ggc" Oc tfh qtnthkhbt oq

cniqh) z|gsodh n agxbth|hvnkzih nbd tfhb bd n |hinthd qtnthkhbt }foaf oq t|xh nbd z|gsh

ot"

oo


4/43

Tg tfh Qtxdhbt

Tfhqh bgthq n|h }|otthb tg obt|gdxah ygx tg tfh lnqoa thafbo~xhq gc kntfhkntoani z|ggc"

Tfh|h oq bg zn|toaxin| xbocyobm agbthbt n|hn) tfgxmf ygx kny inth| |hagmboph qgkh gc tfh

hvh|aoqhq nq agkobm c|gk bxklh| tfhg|y) nlqt|nat nimhl|n) |hni nbniyqoq g| tgzgigmy" Tfh

z|okn|y mgni gc tfh agx|qh oq tg nod ygx| dhshigzkhbt nq n kntfhkntoaniiy kntx|h qtxdhbtly thnafobm ygx tg }|oth agbsobaobm z|ggcq" Ob tfh z|gahqq ygx }oii bhhd tg ihn|b tg xqh

kntfhkntoani inbmxnmh ag||hatiy nbd z|haoqhiy" Tfh agx|qh oq niqg dhqombhd tg mosh ygx n

miokzqh gc }fnt ot oq tfnt kntfhkntoaonbq dg) nbd fgzhcxiiy tfh }ny tfnt kntfhkntoaonbq

mg nlgxt dgobm ot" Knby zhgzih tfobe tfnt kntfhkntoaq oq `xqt nlgxt qgisobm h~xntogbq

nbd ddiobm nlgxt }otf bxklh|q" Fg}hsh|) h~xntogbq n|h tg kntfhkntoaq nq tyzobm oq tg

}|otobm" Qgisobm h~xntogbq anb z|gsodh n khnbq tg nb hbd) lxt tfh nat gc qgisobm nb h~xntogb

oq bgt ni}nyq tfh hbd ob otqhic"

Ob ygx| |qt aniaxixq agx|qh) ygx ihn|bhd nlgxt iokotq) agbtobxoty) docch|hbtontogb nbd

obthm|ntogb nt nb obt|gdxatg|y ihshi" Kgqt ioehiy tfh ainqq }nq cgaxqhd z|okn|oiy gb tfh

dhshigzkhbt gc aniaxixq nbd fg} tg nzziy aniaxixq tg qgish z|glihkq" _gx kny fnsh

qhhb qgkh z|ggcq) lxt tfhy z|glnliy }h|h bgt qt|hqqhd tgg kxaf tg naagkkgdnth tfh bgb+

kntfhkntoaq kn`g|q ob tfh nxdohbah" Ob kg|h ndsnbahd kntfhkntoaq agx|qhq fg}hsh|) tfh

knob tf|xqt gc tfh agx|qh oq tg xbdh|qtnbd tfh tfhg|htoani xbdh|zobbobmq gc tfh tgzoa nt fnbd"

&Tfoq oq tfh qtxcc tfnt knehq knby kntfhkntoaonbq |hniiy dom kntfhkntoaq"/ Ob ainqqhq ioeh

|hni nbniyqoq) nlqt|nat nimhl|n nbd tgzgigmy ygx }oii qzhbd tfh kn`g|oty gc tfh qhkhqth|

ihn|bobm nlgxt tfh agbahztq tfnt mosh kntfhkntoaq otq |glxqt qt|xatx|h" _gx }oii qhh z|ggcq

gc tfhg|hkq nbd z|gsh qgkh gb ygx| g}b" Ob tfoq ainqq ygx }oii ihn|b }fnt agbqtotxthq n

|omg|gxq kntfhkntoani z|ggc nbd fg} tg }|oth gbh"

Tf|gxmfgxt tfh znmhq tfnt cgiig} ygx }oii bd sn|ogxq qtnthkhbtq inlhihd nq Nvogk)

Dhbotogb) Hvh|aoqh nbd tfh gaanqogbni ^xhqtogb" Nbytfobm inlhihd nq nb Nvogk oq n agb+

ahzt }h }oii naahzt nq nb n z|og|o t|xtf" Tfnt oq) }h }oii naahzt ot tnaotiy }otfgxt z|ggc" Lxt

tfoq oq bgt tg qny tfnt ygx qfgxid liobdiy naahzt ot nq mgqzhi" \ntfh|) ygx qfgxid mosh hnaf

nvogk an|hcxi agbqodh|ntogb nbd tfobe nlgxt }fy ot komft lh |hnqgbnlih tg naahzt ot nq t|xh"

_gx }oii ioehiy doqaxqq tfhqh nvogkq ob ainqq nbd fgzhcxiiy qhh }fy }h afggqh tg obaixdh

tfhqh nqqxkztogbq ob gx| qyqthk) lxt ygx }oii z|glnliy bgt dhlnth tfho| t|xtf" Tfhy n|h zn|tgc tfh agkkgbiy naahzthd zn|inbah gc kntfhkntoaq nbd }h }oii xqh tfhk naag|dobmiy"

]otf |hmn|d tg tfh Dhbotogbq) }h }oii dhbh agbahztq |omg|gxqiy }fhbhsh| zgqqolih)

lxt ob kntfhkntoaq bgt nii agbahztq anb lh dhbhd) g}obm tg tfh iokotntogbq gc inbmxnmh"

Qgkhtokhq }h }oii fnsh tg dhni }otf xbdhbnlih th|kq) lxt ob tfgqh anqhq }h anb g|dobn|oiy

nm|hh gb }fnt }h khnb }otfgxt }|otobm dg}b n dhbotogb) lhanxqh tfh t|xtf gc tfh nvogkq

moshq tfhk khnbobm" ]fhb tfh|h oq n dhbotogb gc n agbahzt ygx bhhd tg tfobe nlgxt }fnt ot

|hniiy khnbq" Tg tfh zh|qgb gb tfh qt|hht) n dhbotogb oq n zf|nqh tfnt fhizq mosh nb obtxotosh

ooo


5/43

Tg tfh Qtxdhbt os

xbdh|qtnbdobm gc n }g|d g| odhn" U>=[ Fg}hsh|) tg n kntfhkntoaonb dhbotogbq n|h tfh

mixh tfnt lobdq n z|ggc tgmhtfh|" Tfh |hni docch|hbah fh|h oq tfnt }fhb }h xqh dhbotogbq nq

kntfhkntoaonbq) }h kxqt xqh tfhk z|haoqhiy nbd }otfgxt nby qg|t gc zghtoa ioahbqh" Tfxq)ebg}obm nbd xbdh|qtnbdobm tfh dhbotogbq n|h gcthb tfh |qt qthzq ob z|hzn|obm tg }|oth

agbsobaobm z|ggcq" Ehhz ob kobd tfh }g|dq gc tfh Dnino Inkn0

Dg bgt `xqt zny ntthbtogb tg tfh }g|dq5 Obqthnd zny ntthbtogb tg khnbobmq

lhfobd tfh }g|dq" Lxt) dg bgt `xqt zny ntthbtogb tg khnbobmq lhfobd tfh }g|dq5

Obqthnd zny ntthbtogb tg ygx| dhhz hvzh|ohbah gc tfgqh khnbobmq"

Thbpob Myntqg) Tfh Cgx|thhbtf Dnino Inkn

Tfh Hvh|aoqhq n|h tfh|h cg| ygx tg z|natoah xqobm tfh dhbotogbq nbd nzziyobm tfh nvogkq

}otfgxt fnsobm tg }|oth agkzihth z|ggcq" Tfhy n|h cg| z|natoah) lxt ygx qfgxid mosh tfhk

tfh ntthbtogb tfhy dhqh|sh" Gcthb tfhy }oii z|gsodh obqomft obtg fg} nb nvogk komft lh xqhd

ob n z|ggc g| fg} n dhbotogb anb lh nzziohd tg z|gdxah nb obthm|ni zohah gc nb n|mxkhbt"

Tfh ^xhqtogbq n|h kxaf ioeh tfh Hvh|aoqhq) lxt kny |h~xo|h ygx tg dhaodh ob ndsnbah

}fhtfh| ygx tfobe tfh qtnthkhbtq n|h t|xh g| bgt"

Lhqodhq tfh nvogkq) dhbotogbq nbd hvh|aoqhq ygx }oii qhh knby qtnthkhbtq inlhihd

Z|glihk" Tfhqh n|h tfh hqqhbah gc tfh agx|qh" Tfhqh n|h tfh qtnthkhbtq tfnt ygx }oii lh

z|gsobm gb ygx| g}b nbd tx|bobm ob cg| n m|ndh" Tfhqh n|h tfh bxmmhtq gc t|xtf tfnt ygx }oii

|hshni tg ygx|qhic ly a|hntobm tfho| z|ggcq"

Tfh|h n|h qhsh|ni docch|hbt khtfgdq gc z|ggc tfnt }h }oii hvnkobh" Qgkh n|h do|hat

nbd qgkh n|h obdo|hat" Qgkh }oii agxbt knby tfobmq nbd qgkh }oii ntthkzt tg qfg} tfh

hvoqthbah gc gbh tfobm" ]fhb nii hiqh cnoiq) t|y tg cnii lnae gb }fnt ygx ebg}" Zihnqh dgbt

cnii z|hy tg tfh thkztntogb tg kneh xz n z|ggc khtfgd tfnt qhhkq tg t tfh qotxntogb" Ob tfh

igbm |xb) tfoq }oii gbiy fhiz ygxlh agbcxqhd nlgxt}fnt ygx|h t|yobm tg dg" Nbd qobah ygx|

knob mgni oq tg dhshigz nb xbdh|qtnbdobm gc fg} kntfhkntoaq |hniiy }g|eq) ygx }oii gbiylh fobdh|obm ygx| z|gm|hqq" &Zixq ygxii ioehiy fobdh| ygx| m|ndh ob tfh z|gahqq"/ N }g|d

nlgxt z|ggc qtyih0 ygx| |qt mgni qfgxid lh tg ihn|b fg} tg agbqt|xat ag||hat kntfhkntoani

z|ggcq" ]foih tfh thkztntogb }oii nt |qt lh tg }|oth qfg|t z|ggcq }otf igtq gc bxkh|oani)

m|nzfoani g| obtxotosh n|mxkhbtq) ygx |hniiy qfgxid t|y tg obaixdh n igt gc dhtnoi nbd qgkh

doqaxqqogb nlgxt tfh agbthvt gc ygx| |hnqgbobm" Dgbt }g||y tgg kxaf nlgxt fg} mggd

ygx| z|ggc qgxbdq xbtoi ygx n|h ah|tnob tfnt ot |hniiy oq n z|ggc" Tfhb) gbah ygx fnsh lhmxb

tg knqth| tfh thafbo~xhq gc z|ggc) ygx anb tfobe nlgxt fg} tg kneh ygx| z|ggcq kg|h

hcaohbt g| kg|h zgioqfhd" ]otf |hmn|d tg zoatx|hq) n zoatx|h oq bgt n z|ggc" Fg}hsh|) n

mggd zoatx|h anb lh n snixnlih nod ob fhizobm ygx doqagsh| n z|ggc nbd fhizobm tfh |hndh|

xbdh|qtnbd ygx| z|ggc" Qg) oc ygx tfobe n zoatx|h }gxid lh fhizcxi obaixdh gbh" Oc ygx|h

bgt qx|h }fhtfh| n zoatx|h }gxid lh fhizcxi) mg nfhnd nbd obaixdh gbh nby}ny"

Fh|h oq nb obth|hqtobm) qhko+anxtogbn|y bgth0 tfh|h n|h qgkh zh|chatiy qhbqolih kntf+hkntoani qtnthkhbtq tfnt anbbgt lh sh|ohd g| z|gshb cniqh" Ob >?1> t}hbty+sh yhn| gid

Mh|knb kntfhkntoaonb Ex|t M gdhi z|gshd tfh cgiig}obm tfhg|hk tfnt qht tfh kntfhkntoani

}g|id gb otq hn|0

Mgdhiq Obagkzihthbhqq Tfhg|hk Nby qxcaohbtiy agkzihv igmoani qyqthk }oii agbtnob

xbsh|onlih nbd xbthqtnlih qtnthkhbtq"

Tfoq dghqbt qny tfnt z|ggcq n|h fn|d tg bd) g| tfnt }h n|h `xqt bgt a|hntosh hbgxmf tg bd

tfhk) lxt |ntfh| tfnt z|ggcq n|h bgt tfh|h tg lh cgxbd" Lxt tfh|hq bg bhhd tg }g||y" Hshb

\gb Tnyig| @gx|bni gc Ob~xo|y+Lnqhd Ihn|bobm ob Kntfhkntoaq


6/43

Tg tfh Qtxdhbt s

tfgxmf tfh|h n|h xbz|gsnlih qtnthkhbtq) tfh|h n|h zihbty gc qtnthkhbtq tfnt dg fnsh z|ggcq"

Ob tfoq thvt }h }oii agbahbt|nth gb qtnthkhbtq tfnt fnsh z|ggcq }otf tfh mgni gc doqagsh|obm

qgkh gc tfh z|ggcq" Bgth tfnt tfh|h fnq lhhb bg khbtogb gc tfh z|ggc) qobah tfh|h oq bgtbhahqqn|oiy n qobmih z|ggc gc n moshb qtnthkhbt" Fhbah) ygx bhhd bgt bd tfh hvzhathd

z|ggc gb ygx| g}b) lxt obqthnd `xqt nb n|mxkhbt tfnt |hniiy oq n z|ggc">

Cobniiy) tf|gxmfgxt tfh knth|oni tfnt cgiig}q) ygx n|h niig}hd tg nqqxkh qgkh agk+

kgb kntfhkntoani ebg}ihdmh c|gk ygx| z|hsogxq kntfhkntoaq agx|qhq nbd nbytfobm tfnt

nzzhn|q ob tfh thvt lhcg|h n z|glihk ygx n|h }g|eobm gb) xbihqq gtfh|}oqh do|hathd" Tfoq

lgdy gc agkkgb obcg|kntogb qfgxid lh qgkhtfobm tfnt ygx| ainqq nbd obqt|xatg| anb nm|hh

gb ob ndsnbah" ]fhb xqobm thafboani th|kq ot oq lhqt tg xqh tfh dhbotogbq moshb fh|h" Tfnt

oq) hshb tfgxmf ygx n|h niig}hd tg nqqxkh ah|tnob odhnq c|gk gtfh| agx|qhq) xqh dhbotogbq

nq tfhy n|h zf|nqhd fh|h qg tfnt hsh|ygbh oq gb tfh qnkh znmh) nbd xqobm tfh qnkh kntfh+

kntoaq" Oc ygx n|h qhhobm n dhbotogb gc n cnkoion| agbahzt zf|nqhd n docch|hbt }ny) tfoq oq

n mggd tokh tg lhmob qhhobm tfobmq c|gk docch|hbt zh|qzhatoshq nbd tg z|natoah lhobm nlih tg

xqh docch|hbt tggiq"

Bgtntogb

]foih kntfhkntoaq oq }|otthb ob agkzihth qhbthbahq) knby tokhq n kntfhkntoani qyklgi

}oii tneh tfh zinah gc n }g|d g| zf|nqh" Cg| hvnkzih N ; L oq n kntfhkntoani qhbthbah}fh|h N nbd L n|h bgxbq nbd ; oq tfh sh|l" Kntfhkntoaonbq xqh qyklgiq tg kneh tfho|}|otobm hnqoh| tg xbdh|qtnbd nbd }|oth" Fg}hsh|) tfh xqh gc qyklgiq qfgxid bhsh| lh n

ln||oh| tg agkz|hfhbqogb" Fh|h oq n qfg|t tnlih gc qyklgiq tfnt kntfhkntoaonbq gcthb xqh

ob obcg|kni z|hqhbtntogbq) lxt bgt mhbh|niiy ob }|otobm" Oc ygx| ainqq obaixdhq n z|hqhbtntogb

agkzgbhbt) tfoq }gxid lh n mggd zinah tg xqh tfhqh qyklgiq) lxt ygx qfgxid lh `xdoaogxq

nlgxt xqobm tfhk ob tfh fgkh}g|e ygx fnbd ob"

Qyklgi Khnbobm Qyklgi Khnbobm cg| nii tfh|h hvoqtq okziohq oq okziohd lyocc oc nbd gbiy oc oc nbd gbiy oc qxaf tfnt hbd gc n z|ggc

>Tfoq iolh|nthq ygx c|gk fnsobm tg |hz|gdxah qgkhtfobm tfnt qgkhgbh hiqh ni|hndy z|gdxahd"



7/43

Afnzth| >

Qyklgioa Igmoa Tfh tfobm tfnt

|hniiy qhzn|nthq xq c|gk tfh nzhq"

Tfh|h }nq tfobmq }foaf fh qt|htafhd) lxt knobiy fh tgid tfh t|xtf"

Kn|e T}nob) Fxaeihlh||y Cobb

Qgkhlgdy }fg tfobeq igmoaniiy oq n boah agbt|nqt tg tfh |hni }g|id"

Tfh In} gc Tfxkl

Fg} dg fxknbq agkkxboanth }otf hnaf gtfh|7 Tfoq ~xhqtogb fnq knby docch|hbt zgq+

qolih nbq}h|q" ]h n|h nii ah|tnobiy n}n|h gc tfh zg}h| gc n cnaoni hvz|hqqogb g| n fnbd

mhqtx|h" Fg}hsh|) hnaf gc tfhqh tyzhq gc agkkxboantogb oq gcthb gzhb tg obth|z|htntogb"

Gbh zh|qgb kny mosh tfh qnkh fnbd mhqtx|h tg t}g docch|hbt zhgzih nbd tfgqh zhgzih kny

obth|z|ht ot docch|hbtiy" Tfoq docch|hbah gc obth|z|htntogb kny dhzhbd gb knby cnatg|q) tggknby ob cnat tg mg obtg fh|h) lxt qxcah ot tg qny tfnt kntfhkntoani z|ggcq n|h bgt gcthb agb+

qt|xathd xqobm cnaoni hvz|hqqogbq g| fnbd mhqtx|hq" Obqthnd) }h |hiy gb }|otthb inbmxnmh"

Fg} tfhb dg }h hbqx|h tfnt gx| inbmxnmh dghq bgt ihnsh |ggk cg| obth|z|htntogb7 Tfoq oq

qgkhtokhq n docaxit afg|h) lxt ob kntfhkntoani inbmxnmh }h qhidgk |xb obtg tfoq z|glihk"

Tfh z|okn|y }ny }h mht n|gxbd tfoq oq tf|gxmf tfh xqh gc qyklgioa igmoa" Naag|dobm tg

Fnih) Igmoa agkz|oqhq tfh |xihq ly }foaf kntfhkntoaonbq gzh|nth) tfh m|nkkn| gc tfh

inbmxnmh" U?[ Tfnt oq) igmoa oq tfh tggi }h }oii xqh tg a|hnth z|ggcq" N z|ggc oq lxoit xz gc

qtnthkhbtq) hnaf gc }foaf cgiig}q c|gk tfh z|hahdobm qtnthkhbt g| qtnthkhbtq"

>"> Qtnthkhbtq

Dhbotogb >">" N qtnthkhbt oq n dhain|ntosh qhbthbah }foaf oq hotfh| t|xh g| cniqh) lxt bgt

lgtf"

Bgth" Fh|h }h khnb tfnt tfh t|xtf snixh gc tfh qtnthkhbt dghq bgt dhzhbd gb tfh zh|qgb }fg oq |hndobm ot" Tfnt

oq) ot oq zgqqolih cg| hsh|ygbh tg nm|hh gb tfh qnkh t|xtf snixh }otfgxt |hmn|d tg zh|qgbni gzobogb"

Hvnkzih >"


8/43

Qyklgioa Igmoa Tfh tfobm tfnt |hniiy qhzn|nthq xq c|gk tfh nzhq" tf Z|hqodhbt gc tfh Xbothd Qtnthq"

Hvnkzih >"1" Tfh cgiig}obm n|h bgt hvnkzihq gc qtnthkhbtq"

>" N|h ygx c|gk Kgbtnbn7

"4" ]fy n|h tfh othkq ob Hvnkzih >"1 bgt hvnkzihq gc qtnthkhbtq7

Hvh|aoqh >"8" Dhth|kobh }foaf gc tfh cgiig}obm n|h qtnthkhbtq" Cg| tfh gbhq tfnt n|h bgt

qtnthkhbtq) hvzinob }fy bgt" Oc qg) dhth|kobh tfh t|xtf snixh gc tfh qtnthkhbt"

>" Anisob Aggiodmh }nq tfh m|hnthqt Nkh|oanb Z|hqodhbt"


9/43

Qyklgioa Igmoa Tfh tfobm tfnt |hniiy qhzn|nthq xq c|gk tfh nzhq" 1

Moshb tfnt }h anb agklobh qtnthkhbtq tg cg|k bh} qtnthkhbtq) }h bhhd tg mx|h gxt

fg} tg dhth|kobh tfh t|xtf g| cniqoty gc n agkzgxbd qtnthkhbt" Ob kntfhkntoaq tfh|h oq

qhidgk kxaf tg n|mxh nlgxt }otf |hmn|d tg t|xtf) lxt fg} dg }h mx|h ot gxt7 ]hii qtn|t}otf tfh qokzihqt }ny tg cg|k n bh} qtnthkhbt) tfh bhmntogb" Nq tfh bnkh qxmmhqtq) tfh

bhmntogb gc n qtnthkhbt fnq tfh gzzgqoth t|xtf snixh" Fh|h oq tfh t|xtf tnlih cg| n bhmntogb"

N NT C

C T

Qobah }h|h bgt cgaxqhd gb qyklgioa igmoa nq n ag|h gc tfoq agx|qh) }h }oii |hqtnth tfoq nq

nb nvogk"

Nvogk >"=" Oc N oq n qtnthkhbt }otf n moshb t|xtf snixh) tfhb N oq n qtnthkhbt }otf tfhgzzgqoth t|xtf snixh"

Hvh|aoqh >"6" ]|oth tfh bhmntogb gc tfh cgiig}obm zf|nqhq"

>" Zo oq n zgqotosh |hni bxklh|"


10/43


Nvogk >"?" Iht N nbd L lh qtnthkhbtq" Tfhb tfh qtnthkhbt NL oq t|xh oc nbd gbiy oc lgtfN nbd L n|h t|xh"

Nvogk >">:" Iht N nbd L lh qtnthkhbtq" Tfhb tfh qtnthkhbt N L oq t|xh xbihqq lgtf Nnbd L n|h cniqh"

Hvh|aoqh >">>" Dhth|kobh }fnt obcg|kntogb }gxid lh bhahqqn|y tg dhth|kobh }fhtfh| hnaf

gc tfh cgiig}obm qtnthkhbtq oq t|xh g| cniqh" Tfhb) dhth|kobh tfh t|xtf snixhq"

>" Tfh anzotni gc Qznob oq Ln|ahigbn nbd tgdny oq ]hdbhqdny"

< &DhKg|mnbq In}q/" IhtN nbdL lh qtnthkhbtq nbd hqtnlioqf tfh cgiig}obm0

>" &NL/ oq igmoaniiy h~xosnihbt tg &N/ &L/

">1 &Tfh Agkkxtntosh Z|gzh|ty/" Z|gsh hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm0

>" NL oq igmoaniiy h~xosnihbt tg LN

4 &Tfh Nqqgaontosh Z|gzh|ty/" Z|gsh hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm0

>" &NL/Aoq igmoaniiy h~xosnihbt tg N &LA/


11/43


Z|glihk >">8 &Tfh Doqt|olxtosh Z|gzh|ty/" Z|gsh hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm0

>" N &LA/ oq igmoaniiy h~xosnihbt tg &NL/ &NA/

3" Iht N nbd L lh qtnthkhbtq" Tfhb tfh qtnthkhbt Oc N) tfhb L oq t|xh xbihqq

N oq t|xh nbd L oq cniqh"

Hvh|aoqh >">=" Dhth|kobh tfh t|xtf g| cniqoty gc tfh cgiig}obm qtnthkhbtq"

>" Ocv oq nb obthmh|) tfhb v1 2 :"


12/43


3" Oc tfh Hn|tf oq tfh ahbth| gc tfh xbosh|qh) tfhb 1 ; 8"

Nq ob bgb+kntfhkntoani Hbmioqf) tfh|h oq gcthb kg|h tfnb gbh }ny tg qny }fnt ygx }nbttg qny" Tfh cgiig}obm z|glihk moshq xq nb nddotogbni }ny tg hvz|hqq tfh qtnthkhbt oc N)

tfhb L" ]h }oii qhh kg|h nlgxt nith|bntosh }nyq tg hvz|hqq n qtnthkhbt inth|" Qtny txbhd"

Z|glihk >">6" Z|gsh tfnt tfh cgiig}obm qtnthkhbtq n|h h~xosnihbt0

>" Oc N) tfhb L" UNL[

">?" Z|gsh tfnt tfh cgiig}obm qtnthkhbtq n|h h~xosnihbt0

>" Ot oq bgt tfh anqh tfnt N okziohq L" U &NL/[


14/43


Zxt nbgtfh| }ny) ob n qg|t gc hvthbdhd igmoani qyqthk) n cg| nii qtnthkhbt oq ioeh tfh

agb`xbatogb gc n sh|y in|mh bxklh| gc qokzih| qtnthkhbtq nbd n tfh|h hvoqtq qtnthkhbt oq

ioeh tfh doq`xbatogb gc n sh|y in|mh bxklh| gc qokzih| qtnthkhbtq"

Hvh|aoqh >""" Nii q~xn|hq n|h |hatnbmihq"


15/43

Afnzth| >

Ob g|dh| tg mnob qgkh z|natoah xqobm tfh khtfgdq doqaxqqhd nlgsh) }h }oii qtn|t }otf n

ch} qtnthkhbtq obsgisobm bxkh|oani z|gzh|tohq tfnt ygx n|h cnkoion| }otf" Cg| hnaf gc tfh

Z|glihkq ob tfoq qhatogb) Z|gsh) g| Doqz|gsh nbd Qnisnmh Oc Zgqqolih"

Dhbotogb /< ; &y % >/


19/43

Kntfhkntoani obdxatogb Tfh dgkobg hcchat" >1

Bgth tfnt }fhb }h }|oth Z&e/ }h khnb tfh qtnthkhbt Z&e/ oq t|xh) nbd bgtqgkh zgiybgkoni Z" Cg| obqtnbah oc }h }oqf tg z|gsh tfnt cg| hsh|y b B) tfh

qxk > % < % % b ; b&b%>/< ) tfhb }h anb iht Z&e/ lh tfh qtnthkhbt tfh qxk

gc tfh |qt ebntx|ni bxklh|q oqe&e%>/

Qobah > ;

>&/ oq

t|xh"< &Tfoq tnehq an|h gc tfh lnqh anqh) bg} }h bhhd tg z|gsh tfh obdxatosh qthz"/

Bg} nqqxkh tfnt Z&e/ oq t|xh cg| qgkh bntx|ni bxklh| e" Tfnt oq

> % < % % e;e&e% >/

/ oq t|xh" Tfh|hcg|h) ly tfh nvogk gc obdxatogb) tfh qxk gc tfh |qt b bntx|ni

bxklh|q oq moshb lyb&b%>/

/

|> "

Z|glihk 1"?" Ocb oq n bntx|ni bxklh|) tfhb

< 3 >: >4 &4b:" Ocv \ }otf v 2> nbd b oq n bntx|ni bxklh|) tfhb

&> %v/b > % bv"

Qgkhtokhq tfh lnqh anqh dghq bgt ag||hqzgbd tg tfh bntx|ni bxklh| >" Tfoq kny lh tfh

anqh }fhbhsh| qgkh qtnthkhbt oq bgt t|xh cg| qgkh bxklh| gc anqhq" Tfh cgiig}obm tf|hh

z|glihkq oiixqt|nth tfoq"

Z|glihk 1">>" Oc b oq n bntx|ni bxklh| nbd b 4) tfhb 1b 2


21/43

Kntfhkntoani obdxatogb Tfh dgkobg hcchat" >8

Nvogk 1">1 &Qt|gbm Kntfhkntoani Obdxatogb/" Iht Z&b/ lh n qtnthkhbt cg| hnaf bntx|nibxklh| b"1 Oc0

&o/ Z&>/) nbd

&oo/ oc k oq n bntx|ni bxklh|) tfhb UZ&`/ cg| nii ` k[ Z&k % >/

tfhb Z&b/ oq t|xh cg| hsh|y b B"

Bgth tfh docch|hbah lht}hhb tfh g|omobni obdxatogb nvogk nbd tfoq gbh" Ob tfoq anqh) }h

n|h bgt gbiy nqqxkobm tfnt Z&b/ tg qfg} Z&b % >/) lxt |ntfh| tfnt Z&`/ oq t|xh cg| nii ` c|gk> tg b"

Z|glihk 1">4" Hsh|y bntx|ni bxklh|m|hnth| tfnb > oq hotfh| z|okh g| tfh z|gdxat gc z|okhq"

Z|glihk 1">8" Iht n> ; >) n< ; 1) nbd cg| b < iht nb ; nb> % nb ; >) n< ; % nb< % nb1" Z|gsh tfnt nb 9 ?>6{ nbd gx| xbosh|qni qht X agxid lh tfh yhn|q lht}hhb >?:> nbd???)" N ; ugdd z|okh bxklh|q ihqq tfnb >:{ &Anb ygx |h}|oth tfoq qht ob n docch|hbt }ny7/

" NL >" OcNL) tfhb La

Na

"Dhbotogb 4">):{) L ; u:{) A; u


24/43

Qht tfhg|y ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7 >6

4"< Shbb donm|nkq

]h anb qgkhtokhq |hz|hqhbt tfh gzh|ntogbq gb qhtq m|nzfoaniiy" Oc }h fnsh t}g qhtq) tfhb}h anb xqh tfh cgiig}obm Shbb donm|nk tg agkzxth tfh qht gzh|ntogbq c|gk tfh z|hahdobm

qhatogb" Bgtoah tfnt tfh t}g ao|aihq l|hne tfh xbosh|qni qht obtg cgx| doqtobat |hmogbq" Tfh|h

n|h t}g |hmogbq tfnt agbtnob tfh hihkhbtq ob hotfh| N g| L lxt bgt ob lgtf" &\hmogbq > nbd

8" Kntaf tfh cgiig}obm qhtq }otf tfh |hmogbq gc tfh Shbb donm|nk nlgsh"

>" NL =" Xqh qht bgtntogb tg dhqa|olh hnaf gc tfh |hmogbq ob tfh tf|hh qht Shbb don+

m|nk"



25/43

Qht tfhg|y ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7 >?

Hvh|aoqh 4">6" D|n} n Shbb donm|nk cg| hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm qhtq"

>" &NLA/a

?" Anb ygx bd Shbb donm|nkq cg| cgx| g| kg|h qhtq7

4"1 Qht gzh|ntogbq

]h anb agiihat qht gzh|ntogbq tfnt n|h nbnigmgxq tg tfh gzh|ntogbq }h fnd ob Qhatogb >

}otf |hmn|d tg igmoani hvz|hqqogbq" ]h anb xqh Shbb donm|nkq tg mht qgkh obtxotogb nlgxt

z|gsobm qtnthkhbtq nlgxt qhtq) tfgxmf tfhqh zoatx|hq dg bgt qxcah tg kneh n z|ggc" Tfh

|qt cgx| z|glihkq agiihat qhsh|ni cnatq nlgxt qhtq tfnt qfgxid fgzhcxiiy agkh nq bg qx|z|oqh

hshb tfgxmf tfhy komft lh agxbth|obtxotosh nt |qt minbah"

Z|glihk 4"" NX ; N

" N &LA/ ; &NL/A/


26/43

Qht tfhg|y ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7 " NL ; LN


27/43

Qht tfhg|y ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7

Hvh|aoqh 4"13" Cg| tfh qhtq N ; u)){ nbd L ; u)){ cg|k tfh z|gdxatq NN)NL) LN nbd LL" Oq NL ; LN7 ]fy7

]h }oii qhh tfoq odhn nmnob }fhb }h qtn|t tnieobm nlgxt cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq" Ot oq

tfh cgxbdntogb gc fg} tfhqh agbahztq }g|e nbd oq tfh lnqoq cg| knby gtfh| qt|xatx|hq ob

nimhl|n) nbniyqoq) tgzgigmy nbd mhgkht|y"

Z|glihk 4"1=" Iht N) L) A nbd D lh qhtq" OcNL nbd AD) tfhb &NA/ &LD/"

Z|glihk 4"16" Iht N) L nbd A lh qhtq" Tfhb &NL/A; &NL/ &LA/"

Z|glihk 4"1?" Iht N) L nbd A lh qhtq" Tfhb N &LYA/ ; &NL/Y &NA/"

Z|glihk 4"4:" Iht N) L) A nbd D lh qhtq" Tfhb &N YL/ &AYD/ ; &NA/ Y U&ND/&LA/["

Hvh|aoqh 4"4>" Moshb tf|hh qhtq N) L nbd A) fg} dg ygx tfobe tfh qht NLAqfgxid lhdhbhd7 Fg} }gxid tfoq qht agkzn|h tg tfh qht N &LA/7 &NL/A7

Hvh|aoqh 4"4


28/43

Qht tfhg|y ]fnt dg ygx anii n lgv }otf nb hkzty lgv ob ot7 " Tfh cnkoiyN agbqoqtq gc t}g qhtq0 N; uN>)N" ]h anb dhbh hnaf qht nq cgiig}q0 zoae n |ndoxq) |) nbd tfh ao|aih oq

&v)y/ \< yv< %y< ; |[

A| nbd

|&:)>[

A|"

Hvh|aoqh 4"8?" Dhbh n cnkoiy gc qhtq C) }foaf anb lh obdhvhd ly tfh bntx|ni bxklh|q)

qg tfnt0 bB

Cb ;\ nbd

bB

Cb ;"



29/43

Afnzth| 8

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq

nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd

cnsg|otoqk

Tfh cgxbdntogb cg| aniaxixq) obdhhd cg| nii gc kgdh|b kntfhkntoaq) oq tfh inbmxnmh gc

cxbatogbq nbd qhtq" Nq z|hzn|ntogb cg| tfh igbm |gnd gc aniaxixq) tfh qtxdhbt kxqt fnsh

obth|bniophd tfhqh odhnq qg tfnt fh'qfh anb xqh tfhk agkcg|tnliy nbd bntx|niiy" Tfh

qtxdhbt kxqt lh nlih tg |hndoiy nzz|hfhbd qtnthkhbtq &lgtf g|ni nbd }|otthb/ kndh ob

tfoq lnqoa kntfhkntoani inbmxnmh nbd) kg|h okzg|tnbtiy) tfh qtxdhbt kxqt niqg lh nlih

tg cg|kxinth foq'fh| g}b qtnthkhbtq"

L|onb Linbe # Qthshb E|nbtp) Aniaxixq

_gx n|h ioehiy cnkoion| }otf tfh agbahzt gc n cxbatogb" Ot oq }fnt d|oshq tfh odhnq ob aniaxixq

nbd tfh nimhl|n ygx fnsh qtxdohd qobah fomf qafggi" Ob tfoq qhatogb }h }oii kneh z|haoqh

}fnt ygx fnsh n mggd xbdh|qtnbdobm gc ni|hndy" ]h }oii lhmob ly dhbobm n |hintogb nbd

tfhb xqobm tfoq odhn tg cg|kxinth tfh bgtogb gc n cxbatogb" ]fnt ygx obtxotoshiy xbdh|qtnbd

tfh }g|d |hintogb tg khnb oq hvnatiy }fnt ot khnbq kntfhkntoaniiy"

8"> \hintogbq nbd h~xosnihbah |hintogbq

Hvnkzih 8">" Agbqodh| tfh zhgzih ob n ainqq gb tfh |qt dny gc tfh qhkhqth|" Hnaf qtxdhbt

ob tfh ainqq kny g| kny bgt ebg} tfh |qt bnkh gc nbgtfh| qtxdhbt ob tfh ainqq" Kntfhknt+

oaniiy }h anb dhqa|olh tfoq qgaoni zfhbgkhbgb xqobm n |hintogb" Qzhaoaniiy) oc }h }nbt tg

dhqa|olh tfh cnat tfnt Ahd|oa ebg}q Nic|hdq |qt bnkh) tfhb }h anb xqh nb g|dh|hd zno|"]h anb }|oth tfh g|dh|hd zno| &Ahd|oa) Nic|hd/ tg obdoanth tfnt Ahd|oa ebg}q Nic|hdq |qt

bnkh" &]fy dg }h |h~xo|h tfh g|dh|7/ Fhbah) tfh |hintogb ebg}q tfh |qt bnkh gc oq tfh

qht gc g|dh|hd zno|q &v)y/ }fh|h zh|qgb v ebg}q zh|qgb yq |qt bnkh"

Dhbotogb 8"


30/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk 3/Hvzinob ygx| nbq}h|q"

Dhbotogb 8"8" Qxzzgqh n |hintogb \ oq dhbhd gb Q nbd T" Tfhb tfh dgknob gc\ oq tfh

qht gc nii q Q qxaf tfnt &q) t/ \ cg| qgkh t T" Tfh qht T oq aniihd tfh agdgknob gc tfh|hintogb nbd tfh |nbmh gc\ oq tfh qht gc nii t T qxaf tfnt &q)t/ \ cg| qgkh q Q"

Hvh|aoqh 8"3" Iht Q ; u>)" oq qnod tg lh |hhvosh oc cg| nii v V }h fnsh &v)v/ " Tfnt oq vv"

):" Iht _ ; un)l)a)d)h{" Dhbh n |hintogb N gb _ tfnt oq |hhvosh nbd qyk+kht|oa) lxt bgt t|nbqotosh" Oc tfoq oq bgt zgqqolih) hvzinob }fy bgt"

Z|glihk 8">>" Iht _ ; un)l)a)d)h{" Dhbh n |hintogbL gb _ tfnt oq |hhvosh nbd t|nbqo+tosh) lxt bgt qykkht|oa" Oc tfoq oq bgt zgqqolih) hvzinob }fy bgt"

Z|glihk 8">


31/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk =" ]fnt n|h tfh h~xosnihbah ainqqhq ob Hvh|aoqh 8"=7 Z|glihk 8">87

Z|glihk 8">6" Dhbh n |hintogb gb \ ly) v y oc vy oq |ntogbni" Z|gsh tfnt oq nbh~xosnihbah |hintogb"

Z|glihk 8">?" Qxzzgqh oq nb h~xosnihbah |hintogb gb n qht Q" Ocn l cg| qgkh n)l Q)tfhb Hn ; Hl"

Z|glihk 8"


32/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk " Qxzzgqh c oq n |hintogb gb V nbd _" Tfhb }h qny tfnt c oq n cxbatogb oc

>" cg| hnaf v V) tfh|h hvoqtq n y _ qxaf tfnt &v)y/ c) nbd &}fg ebg}q }fg/


33/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk " OcNL) tfhb cUN[ cUL["

" cUNL[ cUN[ cUL[" Mosh nb hvnkzih }fh|h h~xnioty cnoiq"

" OcAD) tfhb c>UA[ c>UD["

" c>UAD[ ; c>UA[ c>UD[


34/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk +> &g| ob`hatosh/ oc c&n/ ; c&l/ okziohq n ; l"

N cxbatogb c tfnt oq lgtf gbh+tg+gbh nbd gbtg oq aniihd n gbh+tg+gbh ag||hqzgbdhbah g| n

lo`hatogb g| oq qnod tg lh lo`hatosh"

]otf tfhqh t}g bgtogbq gc eobdq gc cxbatogbq }h anb dhth|kobh tfobmq ioeh }fhtfh| t}g

qhtq fnsh tfh qnkh qoph g| }fhtfh| t}g docch|hbt iggeobm kntfhkntoani gl`hatq fnsh tfh

qnkh obfh|hbt qt|xatx|h"

Hvnkzih 8"4:" Qxzzgqh c 0 \ \ oq moshb ly c&v/ ; 1v % 8" Oq c gbh+tg+gbh7 Gbtg7

Qgixtogb" Zoae y \ nbd agbqodh| v ; y81

" Tfhb

c&v/ ; c

y81

; 1

y8

1

% 8 ; y8 % 8 ; y"

Qg c oq gbtg" Kg|hgsh|) oc c&n/ ; c&l/ tfhb }h qhh 1n % 8 ; 1l % 8" Tfnt oq 1n ; 1l g|n ; l) nbd qg c oq gbh+tg+gbh"

Z|glihk 8"4>" Mosh nb hvnkzih gc hnaf gc tfh cgiig}obm nbd z|gsh tfh z|gzh|tohq ygx

ainok"

>" N cxbatogb c 0\\ tfnt oq gbh+tg+gbh lxt bgt gbtg"

nbd 8"4< fhiz ygx

xbdh|qtnbd tfh agbahztq gc gbh+tg+gbh nbd gbtg7

Z|glihk 8"44" Iht N ; un)l)a)d)h{ nbd L ; u})v)y)p{" Oq tfh|h n gbh+tg+gbh cxbatogbc|gk N obtg L7 Hvzinob"

Z|glihk 8"48" Iht A; ue))k)b{ nbd D ; uz)~)|)q) t{" Oq tfh|h nb gbtg cxbatogb c|gk Aobtg D7 Hvzinob"

Hvh|aoqh 8"43" ]fnt) ob mhbh|ni) anb ygx qny nlgxt tfh |hintosh qophq gc tfh dgknob nbd

agdgknob gc nb gbtg cxbatogb7 N gbh+tg+gbh cxbatogb7

Z|glihk 8"4=" Qxzzgqh c 0 V_ nbd iht NV nbd L _" Tfhb

>" Oc c oq gbh+tg+gbh) tfhb c>UcUN[[ ; N"


35/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk


36/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk 1:

Bgth tfnt qobah cUV[ _) }h ebg} tfnt hnaf gxtzxt gc c oq n sniod obzxt cg| m"

Hvh|aoqh 8"88" Qxzzgqh c 0 V _ nbd m 0 _ P n|h cxbatogbq" Hvz|hqq tfh agkzgqothcxbatogb m c nq n qht gc g|dh|hd zno|q"

Hvh|aoqh 8"83" Qxzzgqh c 0 Q T nbd m 0 V_ n|h cxbatogbq" ]fnt agbdotogb }gxid }hbhhd ob g|dh| tg cg|k tfh agkzgqoth cxbatogb cm 0 V T7

Hvh|aoqh 8"8=" Iht c)m 0\\ lh cxbatogbq dhbhd ly c&v/ ; v1 %v< nbd m&v/ ; 4v?"Cobd cm nbd cm" ]fnt anb ygx agbaixdh nlgxt tfh agkkxtntosoty gc tfh gzh|ntogb 7

Z|glihk 8"86" Qxzzgqh c 0 V_ nbd m 0 _P n|h cxbatogbq"

>" Ocm c oq gbh+tg+gbh) z|gsh tfnt c kxqt lh gbh+tg+gbh"

" Qxzzgqh c 0 V _ nbd m 0 _P n|h cxbatogbq" Oc c nbd m n|h gbtg) tfhbqg oq m c"

Qgkhtokhq oc tfh dgknob nbd agdgknob gc gbh cxbatogb n|h tfh agdgknob nbd dgknob

gc nbgtfh| cxbatogb) tfh t}g cxbatogbq anb xbdg tfh natogb gc hnaf gtfh|" Tg kneh tfoq

z|haoqh }h fnsh tfh cgiig}obm dhbotogb0

Dhbotogb 8"3"

Z|glihk 8"31" Agbqodh| qhtq N) L nbd A moshb ly N ; u>)" Cobd m c"

nq n qhtgc g|dh|hd zno|q moshb tfnt c ; u&n) c&n// y n N{"



37/43

Cxbatogbq nbd |hintogbq Tfh obq nbd gxtq gc }fg ebg}q }fg nbd cnsg|otoqk 1>

Bgth tfnt hshb tfgxmf }h xqh tfh qnkh bgtntogb cg| tfh obsh|qh oknmh gc n qht nbd tfh

obsh|qh gc n cxbatogb) tfhy n|h bgt tfh qnkh tfobm" Tfh obsh|qh gc n cxbatogb oq nbgtfh|

cxbatogb nbd tfh obsh|qh oknmh gc n qht oq nbgtfh| qht" Hshb tfgxmf }h anb tfobe gc ncxbatogb nq n qht) tfh|h oq n qomboanbt docch|hbah" Tfh obsh|qh oknmh gc n qht oq n qht tfnt

ni}nyq hvoqtq hshb oc ot oq tfh hkzty qht lxt tfh obsh|qh gc n cxbatogb dghqbt ni}nyq

hvoqt" Ob cnat) tfh obsh|qh gc n cxbatogb }oii gbiy hvoqt oc tfh cxbatogb oq lgtf gbh+tg+gbh nbd

gbtg"

Hvh|aoqh 8"38" Ob iomft gc tfh z|hahdobm doqaxqqogb) dhqa|olh tfh docch|hbah lht}hhb c>&y/nbd c>Uuy{["

Z|glihk 8"33" Qxzzgqh c 0 NL oq n lo`hatogb" Z|gsh tfnt0

>" &c> c/&n/ ; n cg| nii n N


38/43

Nzzhbdov N

Kntfhkntoani ]|otobm

Uly Bhni An|gtfh|q[

Kntfhkntoaq oq qxcch|obm c|gk n lnd zxlioa oknmh" Tfoq oq natxniiy n |hahbt zfhbgkhbgb0

Cocty yhn|q nmg kntfhkntoaq fnd bg zxlioa oknmh nt nii) iht nigbh n zgg| gbh" Lxt n igt fnq

afnbmhd ob tfgqh cty yhn|q" Aniaxixq) cg| hvnkzih) }nq nt gbh tokh tnxmft gbiy tg fomfiy

qzhaoniophd qaohbtoqtq nbd hbmobhh|qbg} otq tnxmft ob kgqt fomf qafggiq" Kntfhkntoaq

hcchatq n in|mh| zg|togb gc gx| qgaohty tfnb hsh| lhcg|h nbd yht) qgkhfg}) hioaotq kg|h doq+

dnob tfnb hvaothkhbt" Gx| qgaohty oq lhagkobm kg|h kntfhkntoaniiy ioth|nth) lxt hsodhbtiy

bg kg|h qykzntfhtoa tg kntfhkntoaq" ]fy7

A|otoaq zgobt tg n m|g}obm obnloioty &g| xb}oiiobmbhqq/ gc kntfhkntoaq thnafh|q tg agk+

kxboanth" Tfgqh kgqt nlih tg hvz|hqq tfho| obth|hqt ob kntfhkntoaq n|h nzzn|hbtiy cnoiobm

tg dg qg" Nbd oc gbh mhbh|ntogb gc thnafh|q dghq n zgg| `gl ob agkkxboantobm kntfhknto+ani odhnq) tfh bhvt mhbh|ntogb gc thnafh|q qxcch|q" Ob gtfh| }g|dq) igsh nbd hbtfxqonqk cg|

kntfhkntoaq oq agbt|nathd c|gk gx| thnafh|q) kxaf ioeh n so|xq" Gbiy tfgqh obchathd anb

znqq ot gb"

Nt tfh fhn|t gc qgaohtyq koqagbahztogbq nlgxt kntfhkntoaq oq tfh cnoix|h tg |hagmboph

kntfhkntoaq nq n fxknb hbdhnsg|" Fxknb lhobmq qtxdy kntfhkntoaq lhanxqh ot zihnqhq

tfhk tg dg qg" Bgt lhanxqh ot lxoidq lhtth| kgxqh t|nzq" ]h qtxdy kntfhkntoaq cg| tfh qnkh

|hnqgbq tfnt }h qtxdy n|t) g| kxqoa) g| ioth|ntx|h" Tfnt kntfhkntoaq oq c|h~xhbtiy xqhcxi

tg hbmobhh|q nbd lxqobhqqkhb oq tyzoaniiy gc kg|h obth|hqt tg hbmobhh|q nbd lxqobhqqkhb

tfnb kntfhkntoaonbq" Ob kxaf tfh qnkh }ny tfnt n|t) kxqoa) nbd ioth|ntx|h n|h xqhcxi tg

nb ndsh|toqh| z|gdxaobm thihsoqogb agkkh|aoniq) kntfhkntoaq oq xqhcxi tg hbmobhh|q nbd

lxqobhqqkhb5 lxt otq xtoioty oq zh|ozfh|ni tg tfh |hni gl`hat gc qtxdy" Tfh xbhbiomfthbhd

gcthb agkzinob nlgxt tfoq zgobt gc soh}"

Gx| afniihbmh nq kntfhkntoaonbq oq tg agkkxboanth tfh hihmnbah nbd lhnxty gc kntfh+

kntoaq tg tfh xbhbiomfthbhd }otfgxt |hiyobm gb otq xtoioty nq n a|xtaf" _gx| mgni nq n qtxdhbt

gc kntfhkntoaq oq tg ihn|b otq inbmxnmh nbd otq axitx|h }hii hbgxmf tg khht tfoq afniihbmh"

Tfh nith|bntosh oq nb xbcxiiihd ioch ob }foaf ygx| }g|e oq koqxbdh|qtggd nbd xbnzz|hao+

nthd" Gbh gc tfh mgniq gc tfoq agx|qh oq tg fhiz ygx nsgod tfoq lihne z|gqzhat ly qfn|obm n

ch} odhnq nlgxt fg} kntfhkntoaq oq }|otthb nbd fg} ot oq qzgehb"

1


39/43

Kntfhkntoani ]|otobm

Uly Bhni An|gtfh|q[ 11

Tfh cgiig}obm qxmmhqtogbq kny z|gsh xqhcxi ob okz|gsobm ygx| agkkxboantogb qeoiiq"

>" Kntfhkntoaq oq }|otthb ob agkzihth qhbthbahq" Nby kntfhkntoaniiy ioth|nth |hndh|}otf tfh nloioty tg t|nbqinth tfh qyklgiq qfgxid lh nlih tg xbdh|qtnbd hnaf qtnthkhbt"

N qtxdhbt tneobm tfoq agx|qh ob) qny) Kgbtnbn qfgxid lh nlih tg |hnd nbd xbdh|qtnbd

ygx| }|otobm" _gx n|h bgt}|otobm qokziy cg| ky lhbht. Ot komft fhiz oc ygx oknm+

obhd tfnt ygx }h|h }|otobm cg| tfh lhbht gc qgkh kytfoani zh|qgb &}fg kny bgt

fnsh naahqq tg n zn|toaxin| |hch|hbah g| thvtlgge/"

>Cg| kg|h gb tfoq qhh Nzzhbdov L Agkkhbtq gb Qtyih"



40/43

Nzzhbdov L

Agkkhbtq gb Qtyih

Uly @nkhq \" Kxbe|hq[

Tfh z|glihkq n|h tg lh }|otthb gxt an|hcxiiy nbd ag||hatiy) ob mggd kntfhkntoani qtyih" Tfoq

khnbq0>

>" ]|oth ob agkzihth qhbthbahq"

Tfh cggtbgthq n|h kobh) bgt Kxbe|hq"


41/43

Agkkhbtq gb Qtyih

Uly @nkhq \" Kxbe|hq[ 18

a|nkz8/ ly afhaeobm hnaf toby dhtnoi inlg|+gxqiy ob }|otobm" Nt gbh hvt|hkh gc qtyih

&lnd/ n|h tfgqh thvtq }|otthb qg agbaoqhiy tfnt tfh |hndh| kxaf ii ob kgqt gc tfhdhtnoiq fokqhic" Nt tfh gtfh| hvt|hkh &niqg lnd/ n|h tfh z|glihk qht qgixtogbq }|otthb

ly ygx| kgqt agbqaohbtogxq chiig} qtxdhbt) c|gk }foaf ot oq nikgqt okzgqqolih tg

hvt|nat tfh lnqoa odhn) lhanxqh gc tfh }hnitf gc dhtnoi obaixdhd. T|y tg fot qgkh}fh|h

ob tfh koddih"

3" Obaodhbtniiy) nb oiihmolih z|ggc oq obag||hat ly dhbotogb. 3

=" N agkkgb h||g| oq tg }|oth ob }fnt O anii qt|hnk gc agbqaogxqbhqq qtyih) n in

]oiionk Cnxiebh|" ]fhb ygx boqf n tfgxmft) qtgz) zxt dg}b n zh|ogd) nbd tneh

n mggd l|hntf lhcg|h ygx lhmob tfh bhvt qhbthbah &}otf n anzotni ihtth|) zihnqh/" =

8g| an|zni txbbhi qybd|gkh3_gx anb hiokobnth tfh zgqqoloioty gc tfoq z|glihk oc ygx z|hzn|h ygx| z|ggcq ob INTHV"=Ot kny lh n mggd odhn tg |hniiy hkl|nah tfh qzo|ot gc tfoq oc ygx n|h dgobm z|hqhbtntogbq nt tfh lgn|d" Nq ygx

n|h }|otobm dg}b ygx| z|ggc) ygx qfgxid hvzinob ot iobh ly iobh nq ygx n|h t|nbqa|olobm ot gb tfh lgn|d" Oc ygx }|oth

ot nii dg}b ob ndsnbah nbd tfhb hvzinob ot) ygx| ainqqknthq kny bgt lh nlih tg ehhz xz }otf }fnt ygx n|h dgobm oc

tfhy n|h t|yobm tg }|oth dg}b }fnt ygx dod }foih tfhy ioqthb tg ygx| hvzinbntogb" Gc agx|qh) ygx qfgxid nlodh ly

tfh |xihq qht dg}b ly ygx| thnafh|"



42/43

Loliogm|nzfy

U>[ Qthzfhb Nllgtt) Xbdh|qtnbdobm Nbniyqoq) Qz|obmh|+Sh|inm) Bh} _g|e) "

U:[ Znt|oae @" Fx|ihy) N Agbaoqh Obt|gdxatogb tg Igmoa) ]ndq}g|tf Zxlioqfobm) >?68"

U>>[ Qthshb M" E|nbtp) Tfh Hihkhbtq gc Ndsnbahd Kntfhkntoaq) Afnzknb # Fnii'A\A

Z|hqq) Lgan \ntgb) 1[ @nkhq \" Kxbe|hq) Tgzgigmy0 N Co|qt Agx|qh) Z|hbtoah+Fnii) >?=8"

U>4[ @nkhq \" Kxbe|hq) Agkkhbtq gb Qtyih) xbzxlioqfhd agx|qh fnbdgxt"

U>8[ Tfh Gvcg|d Gid Himioqf Doatogbn|y) }}}"ghd"agk"

U>3[ Ln|ln|n H" \hybgidq) QDQ # ]oiionk H" Chbtgb) Agiihmh Mhgkht|y0 Xqobm Tfh Mh+

gkhth|q Qehtafznd) Z|hiokobn|y Hdotogb) Ehy Agiihmh Z|hqq) Hkh|ysoiih) Aniocg|bon)


43/43

LOLIOGM\NZF_ 1=

U>=[ An|gi Qafxknafh|) Fg} tg thnaf qtxdhbtq tg }|oth z|ggcq) KNN Z|g`hat BHvT Qhko+

bn|) Xbosh|qoty gc Sh|kgbt) Qxkkh|

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