Pronouns take the place of nouns. antecedent Definition
Pronouns take the place of nouns. The word or phrase replaced by a
pronoun is called an antecedent.
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Example: Halloween is one of America's holidays. It is
celebrated in October. HalloweenIt (Halloween is a noun. It is a
pronoun that refers to the antecedent, Halloween.)
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Example When Robert was peeling the apple, he cut his hand.
RobertHe (Robert is a noun. He is a pronoun that refers to the
antecedent, Robert.)
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Pronouns have the same functions as nouns do, but they are used
to avoid repetition, and to set/clarify nouns' categories of
number, person, and gender.
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There are eight categories of pronouns, The categories of
pronouns are: 1. Personal Pronouns 2. Possessive Pronouns 3.
Demonstrative Pronouns 4. Reflexive 5. Interrogative Pronouns 6.
Indefinite Pronouns
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PERSONAL PRONOUNS
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Personal pronouns represent specific people or things. We use
them depending on: number: singular (I) or plural ( we). person:
1st person (I), 2nd person (you) or 3rd person(he). gender: male
(he), female (she). case: subject (we) or object (us). We use
personal pronouns in place of the person or people that we are
talking about.
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Here are the personal pronouns, followed by some example
sentences: Examples (in each case, the first example shows a
subject pronoun, the second an object pronoun):
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- I like coffee. (subject pronoun) - John helped me. (object
pronoun) - Do you like coffee? (subject pronoun) - John loves you.
(object pronoun) - He runs fast. (subject pronoun) - Did Ram beat
him? (object pronoun) -She is clever. (subject pronoun) - Does Mary
know her? (object pronoun) -They played doubles. (subject pronoun)
-John and Mary beat them. (object pronoun) -Do you need a table for
three? (subject pronoun) -Did John and Mary beat you at doubles?
(object pronoun) - We went home. (subject pronoun) -Anthony drove
us. (object pronoun) - It doesn't work. (subject pronoun) -Can the
engineer repair it? (object pronoun) ME!
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-It is nice to have a holiday sometimes. -It is important to
dress well.. We often use it to introduce a remark: We also often
use it to talk about the weather, temperature, time and distance:
-It's raining. -It will probably be hot tomorrow. -Is it nine
o'clock yet? -It's 50 kilometers from here to Cambridge.
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Possessive Pronouns
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-We use possessive pronouns to refer to something or someone
specific belonging to something or someone. They are used to show
ownership, but they never have an apostrophe. -Look at these
pictures. Mine is the big one. (subject pro/antecedent =
mine/picture) -I like your artwork. Do you like mine? (object
pro/antecdent = mine/artwork ) These possessive pronouns are away
from the nouns they are replacing. His essay was the best. (his =
possessive pronoun) -Mary couldn't find her homework. (her=
homework) These possessive pronouns are next to the nouns to show
ownership. Examples :
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Below are the possessive pronouns, followed by some example
sentences. Each possessive pronoun is used according to number,
person, or gender: - be subject or object. -refer to a singular or
plural antecedent.
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ours yours theirs mine yours his, hers, its Used alone our your
their my your his, her, its Used before nouns PluralSingular Write
a sentence using each pronoun as a possessive. The ones In the top
row will be used before the noun to show ownership and the ones in
the bottom row will be used away from the noun.
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REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
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-Reflexive pronoun is used with an active voice verb in order
to reflect the action of the verb back on the subject--the
antecedent. ** We use a reflexive pronoun when we want to refer
back to the subject of the sentence or clause. Reflexive pronouns
end in "-self" (singular) or "-selves" (plural). There are eight
reflexive pronouns:
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the underlined words are the SAME person/thing -I saw myself in
the mirror. -Why do you blame yourself? -John sent himself a
copy.
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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
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A demonstrative pronoun is used to single out one or more nouns
referred to in a sentence. *near in distance or time (this, these)
*far in distance or time (that, those) nearfar singularthisthat
pluralthesethose *This tastes good. *These are bad times. *That is
beautiful. *Those were the days !
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ATTENTION The word "that" has four main functions: 1.
demonstrative pronoun or adjective: That book is good. 2. relative
pronoun: Anything that you remember could help a lot. 3.
conjunction: He said that he had been there before. 4. adverb: The
snow was that high.
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-Do not confuse demonstrative pronouns with demonstrative
adjectives. They are identical, but a demonstrative pronoun stands
alone, while a demonstrative adjective qualifies a noun. -That
smells really good. (demonstrative pronoun) -That book is good.
(demonstrative adjective + noun ) Normally we use demonstrative
pronouns for things only. But we can use them for people when the
person is identified. Look at these examples: -This is Joseph
speaking. Is that Mary? -That sounds like John.
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INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
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We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. The
interrogative pronoun represents the thing that we don't know (what
we are asking the question about). There are four main
interrogative pronouns: who, whom, what, which. - The possessive
pronoun whose can also be an interrogative pronoun (an
interrogative possessive pronoun).
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questionanswer Who told you?John told me.subject Whom did you
tell? I told Mary.object What's happened? An accident's happened.
subject Examples:
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INDEFINITE PRONOUN
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An indefinite pronoun does not refer to any specific person,
thing or amount. It is vague and "not definite. Some typical
indefinite pronouns are:
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Some Indefinite Pronouns All, any, most, none and some can be
singular or plural, depending on the phrase that follows them.
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Note that many indefinite pronouns also function as other parts
of speech. Look at "another" in the following sentences: - He has
one job in the day and another at night. (pronoun) - I'd like
another drink, please. (adjective)
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- All is forgiven. - All have arrived. - John likes coffee but
not tea. I think both are good. - We can start the meeting because
everybody has arrived. Notice that : A singular pronoun takes a
singular verb AND that any personal pronoun should also agree (in
number and gender). Most indefinite pronouns are either singular or
plural. However, some of them can be singular in one context and
plural in another.
