ENERGY EFFICIENCY & RENEWABLE ENERGY MANAGEMENT CENTRE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, GOVT. OF NCTD

PROMOTING

WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS

IN

LARGE MESSING AREAS

The daily per capita solid waste generationin our country ranges from about 300 g to500 g.

As per SOE Report, 2010, the total wastegeneration in Delhi is approx. 7400 metrictones per day.

Food waste contributes to around 25-30%of the total waste generated in the city.

Around 70 to 75% of waste generated bylarge Messing Areas, Kitchen/Canteens.Hotels, Restaurants, etc. is biodegradable

2

FOOD WASTE: POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

Waste comprises of two components –Biodegradable(wet) waste and Non biodegradable (Dry)waste.

The wet waste comprises of food, vegetable and non-vegwaste whereas the dry waste comprises of plastic bottles,papers, plastic wrappers, HDPE, LLDPE bags etc.

The wet waste (mostly food waste) is a major cause ofmosquito breeding leading to malaria & dengue.

However , this wet waste or biodegradable waste can befermented through anaerobic digestion to generate biogaswhich can be utilized for cooking, heating, lighting, orgenerating electricity. The slurry produced is a goodmanure that can be used for Horticulture application.

3

FOOD WASTE: POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

Biogas is a methane rich flammable gas that results from theanaerobic decomposition of organic waste material.

Biogas consists of methane (60 %), carbon dioxide, andtraces of other gases.

Biogas can be used to produce heat or power.

By-product produced during the process is a solid residuewhich is high-grade manure.

Biogas production from biomass is considered carbon dioxideneutral and therefore does not emit additional GreenhouseGases (GHG) into the atmosphere.

Has additional advantage of treating organic waste andreducing the environmental impact of these wastes.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

Waste transportation cost is reduced by decentralizedtreatment of waste.

Reduce load on fast diminishing waste dumping sites.

Abatement strategy for food waste methane generation isto either capture the methane generated in the landfill andburn or use it OR Avoid such waste reaching the landfillthrough an alternative processing strategy could generatesubstantial carbon credits.

Biogas production will help Govt. to combat rising menaceof urban waste, global warming & earn carbon credits too.

Step towards sustainable energy sources.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES

In recent years, there has been an increase in the numberof waste to energy projects in the country.

Various technology developers have emerged and havesetup biogas plants based on biodegradable wastes, whichhave facilitated decentralize treatment of waste.

These plants can be installed in different capacities rangingfrom ¼ m3 to 1000m3 and above depending on theavailability of quantity of biomass wastes.

While the small capacity plants up to 2m3 can be pre-fabricated, the higher capacity plants can be constructedin-situ.

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES

Basically two types of digester designs are used in Biogas technology:

Floating gas-holder type

Fixed dome type

Suitably modified designs have also been developed for treating different types of food wastes. These are:

MODIFIED USAB by MAILHEM

MODIFIED KVIC by BIOTECH

TEAM by TERI

NISARGRUNA by BARC

9

It is an indigenously developed technology by MailhemEngineers Pvt. Ltd.

It uses Modified Upward Anaerobic Sludge Blanket(USAB) technology to treat all types of solid & liquid wastehaving large percentage of suspended solids

It is a High rate Biomethanation technique which can treatsolid waste such as canteen, vegetable, poultry andslaughterhouse wastes, etc.

Biogas generated can either be used as fuel in lieu of LPGor to generate power using 100% Biogas Generator sets.

10

SECTOR WISE INSTALLATION RESIDENTIAL BIOGAS PLANTS

KITCHEN WASTE SEWAGE WASTE WATER (Grey Water)

COMBINED SEWAGE (Grey Water) & KITCHEN

INDUSTRIAL BIOGAS PLANTS

CANTEEN WASTE

FOOD PROCESSING WASTE

LEATHER SHAVINGS WASTE

POULTRY WASTE

SLAUGHTER HOUSE WASTE

COMBINED SEWAGE (Grey Water) AND CANTEEN

WASTE

DAIRY EFFLUENT

STARCH EFFLUENT MUNICIPAL/MIXED SOLID WASTE BASED

WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS

MIXED WASTE FROM:-

VEGETABLE MARKET YARD

FRUIT & FLOWER MARKET

ANIMAL DROPPINGS

LARGE HOTELS AND INDUSTRIAL CANTEEN

UNIQUE COMBINED SEWAGE AND MSW

TREATMENT PLANTS FOR MUNICIPAL BODIES

PROJECTS Projects executed in 25 cities in India

MANGALORE PUNE

BANGALORE GUJARAT

PORTABLE TYPE PACKAGE

BIOGAS PLANT

No civil construction required.

Pre assembled & factory tested, hence can beinstalled & commissioned immediately.

Very Compact, hence conservation of space.

Only one trained operator is required.

Can be installed in the basement, parking area oreven on the terraces - if structure can take theload.

Easy to relocate, if required.

Saving in power consumption.

Modular type, hence capacity enhancement ispossible

14

15

TERI’s ENHANCED

ACIDIFICATION & METHANATION

TECHNOLOGHY

(TEAM)

High rate methane producing reactor.

Low Hydraulic Retention Time of 7 days.

Digested waste has high NPK values.

High methane content in biogas (>75%).

Elimination of Scum formation - a feature in small size plants.

Production of non-flowable / semisolid digested residue.

Suitability for small and decentralized application

Very low water requirement due to recycling within the

process.

Aesthetic look with low maintenance cost.

No environmental impact.

Successfully tested for leafy waste, food waste, press mud, food-

processing waste, tea waste, vegetable market waste, township

waste etc. 16

17

Shredder

Waste

UASB

Reactor

Acidification modules

BIOGAS

Treated effluent

for recycling

Dryer DRY MANURE

for sale

Digested

Sludge

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF TEAM PROCESS

18

CIDCO,

NAVI MUMBAI

GURGAON,

HARYANA

PROJECTS

19

MODIFIED KVIC / USAB TECHNOLOGY

BY BIOTECH

FEATURES Uses Modified KVIC / USAB technology for

treating biowaste at households and institutional

levels.

Has varying capacities starting from 1 cum.

ACHIEVEMENTS

Domestic installations - 16,000 Nos.

Toilet linked plants - 180 Nos.

Institutional plants - 235 Nos.

Waste to electricity projects - 42 Nos.

Integrated waste treatment - 6 Nos.

plants

Total installed capacity - 22,450 Cum per day

Annual biogas generation - 8194250 Cum.

BIOTECH PROJECTS

TRIVANDRUM

BIOTECH PROJECTS

STREET LIGHTING

BY BIOGAS

VEGETABLE

MARKET WASTE

TO ENERGY

24

It is an indigenous and appropriate technology developed by

BARC especially for Urban areas to convert municipal

organic solid waste into biogas and manure.

The 'Nisargruna' technology adopts biphasic reactor system

wherein the first reactor is operated under aerobic and

thermophilic conditions.

As a result of the first feature, the universal problem of odour

from waste processing biogas plants is eliminated and the

second feature leads to a faster process

Unlike conventional single phase digesters, which take 30-40

days, a 'Nisargruna' plant can digest organic solid waste

between 18-22 days. 25

This technology can process biodegradable waste such as

kitchen waste, paper, grass, gobar and dry leaves, etc.

It offers Zero garbage and Zero effluent and provides high

quality manure and methane gas.

Weed free manure obtained from such waste has high

nitrogen contents and acts as an excellent soil conditioner.

This plant could be set up for ecofriendly disposal of wet-

waste generated in kitchens/canteens of big Hospitals/Hotels/

Factories/residential complexes and can avoid health hazards

due to dump sites.

26

Plant

Capacity

Space

Requirem

ent

Biogas

generat

ed

m3/day

Manure

generated

(20-30%

moisture)

Kg/day

Ready to use

for irrigation

Liquid Fertilizer

*

In kiloliter

Estimat

ed Cost

Pay

back

in years

200 Kg 40sq.mt. 20 16-20 0.25 10 lacs 3.5 to 4

500 Kg 45sq.mt. 50 40-50 0.56 15 lacs 2 to 2.5

1 Ton 55sq.mt. 100 80-100 1.15 25 lacs 1.5 to 2

2 Ton 70sq.mt. 200 160-200 2.30 32.50

lacs

Less

than

one

year

Kitchen Waste to Biogas Plant Economics

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE

NAME OF SCHEME SUBSIDY

Waste to Energy plants

(Delhi Govt.)

A subsidy to the tune to 33% of the

plant cost may be availed from Delhi

Govt. for thermal as well as power

generation.

Biogas Based

Distributed/Grid Power

Generation Programme

(MNRE)

• Rs. 40,000 / Kw for 3-20 Kw

• Rs. 35,000 / Kw for >20-100 Kw

• Rs. 30,000 / Kw for >100-250 Kw

Special Area

Demonstration

Programme

(MNRE)

Demonstration of Renewable Energy

Systems and devices at Centralized

kitchens, roadside eating joints,

restaurants, etc.

•50% to Govt. bodies and 25 % to

private bodies

PROPOSAL FORMULATION

Resource Evaluation

Site survey

Basic data collection

Demand assessment

Thermal purposes

Power generation

Choice of Technology

Identification of the location

Formulation of the proposal.

Submission to EE &REM Centre.

THANK YOU