Upload
others
View
4
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Singapore’s Experience in
Promoting Environmentally
Sustainable Transport
Mohinder Singh
Director, Research & Planning
Dean, LTA Academy
Land Transport Authority, Singapore
Global Forum on Transport and Environment in a
Globalising World
10 – 12 November 2008
Outline
• Background
• Sustainable Transport Strategies
– Making Public Transport a Choice Mode
– Managing Road Usage
– ERP Experience
– Meeting Diverse Needs
– Reducing Environmental Impact
– Management for Sustainability
• Conclusion
Singapore
Singapore
Note: Figures accurate as at end 07
CBD
Singapore
High-density
housing
Population : 4.6 million
Land Area : 707 sq. km43 km
23 km
5
Land Transport
• Road Network - 3,200 km
– Expressway Network – 160 km
• Vehicle Population - 851,000
• Car Population - 517,000
• MRT - 109 km
• LRT - 29 km
• Buses - 3,700 (325 routes)
• Taxis - 23,000
Travel Statistics
Daily Bus trips : 3.0 million
Daily MRT/LRT trips : 1.6 million
Daily Taxi trips : 0.9 million
Total PT Trips : 5.5 million
71981 2007 2020
Increasing Travel Demand
2.7 million per day
8.9 million per day
14.3 million per day
Land Use12%
73%
Roads
Others
15%
Housing
8
What Does It Mean?
• Increase in travel demand must be met
largely by public transport
• Cater to diverse needs of our people
Transport is a basic need
Protect environment for future
generations
3 Key Strategies on Land Transport
Make Public
Transport a
Choice Mode
Manage
Road
Usage
A People-Centred
Land Transport System
Meet
Diverse
Needs
• Public transport is the most efficient means of transport
Enhance integration of bus and rail system
Extend bus priority
Expand rail network
Integrated transport and land use planning
11
Integrated Planning
1972
Concept Plan1991
12
Distance based
Through fares
Integrated public
transport hubsIntegrated
Public transport
service information
Future Clementi Hub
(artist impression)Enhance
integration of
our PT
systemBus priority
Measures to
speed
up buses
Making Public Transport A Choice Mode
- Major Bus Improvements
Centralised
Bus Network
Planning
13
BB
Bus priority at junctions
Mandatory Give-Way at Bus BaysFull Day Bus lanes
Extending Bus Priority
14
Rapid Transit Network Today
Woodlands Extension
North-East
Line
Sengkang
LRT
Bukit Panjang
LRT
Changi Airport
Extension
East West
Line
North South Line
Total Length - 138 km
Total Stations - 110
15
Expanding RTS Network
NSL
EWL
Existing
East
North
West
North-East
In Progress
NEL
Central Region
Boon Lay
Extension
Downtown
Line
North South
Line Extension
Thomson Line
Eastern
Region LineTuas Extension
Circle Line
Future
169
Expanding Our RTS Network
RTS Density (km/million persons)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Singapore Hong Kong London New York Tokyo
• Current network: 138 km
(31km/mil ppl)
• By 2020 : 278 km
(51km/mil ppl)
• Enhanced connectivity
across the island
• 5-minute walk to an
MRT station in the city
Target by 2020
• Increase AM peak modal share on public transport from 63% to 70%
Target 2020 Mode Share
(am peak)
30%
70%- Public Transport
- Private Transport
2004 Mode Share
(am peak)
37%
63%
1. Make Public Transport a Choice Mode
18
Managing Road Usage
• Holistic package of measures to keep
roads smooth flowing for our motorists,
public transport commuters, and goods
vehicles
• Promote public transport
• Manage demand for road
use – A combination of
ownership & usage measures
(ERP)
• Optimise the road network
19
• Maximise capacity by
leveraging on
technology
• Expand road
network to meet
constrained demand
Maximise Road Network Capacity
Managing Private Transport
Demand
Demand Management
• Ownership Measures:
– Vehicle Quota System
– Other Ownership Costs
• Additional Registration Fee
• Excise Duty
• Road Tax
• Usage Measures:
– Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
2. Manage Road Usage
Usage Restraint
Ownership Control
Vehicle Quota System (VQS)
• Implemented in 1990
• Mechanism to regulate
vehicle population
• Certificate of Entitlement
(COE) – valid for 10 years
• Open tender – twice a
month
Vehicle Quota System (VQS)
Average Growth in Private Car Population (p.a.)
7%
3%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
1980 to 1989 Since 1990
Car : Population
1 : 10
Area Licensing Scheme
Restricted
Zone
Ang Mo
Kio
CB
D
Bukit
Timah
Ang Mo
Kio
CBD
Bukit
Timah
• Implemented in 1975
• Reduced traffic entering the
Restricted Zone (RZ)
25
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
• Implemented in 1998
• ERP is a congestion
management tool
Electronic Road Pricing (ERP)
• Uses a delicated short-range radio
communication system to deduct ERP
charges from Cashcard
Electronic Road Pricing
How ERP system works
• All vehicle will be installed with a In-
vehicle units (IUs) for fixing charges
• Cashcard which is a pre-paid stored
card, are used for payment
• Every entry or pass under a control
point is automatically charged a fee
1st Antenna
Controller
ECS Site
Controller
Detector
Controller
2nd Antenna
Controller
AVID
Controller
Comms.
Controller
Central
Computer
System
Local
Controller
Housing
In-vehicle Unit
How ERP system works I
How ERP system works II
Antenna
Controller
ECS Site
Controller
Detector
Controller
Antenna
Controller
AVID
Controller
Comms.
Controller
Central
Computer
System
Local
Controller
Housing
Detector Controller
In-vehicle Unit
How ERP system works III
Antenna
Controller
ECS Site
Controller
Detector
Controller
Antenna
Controller
AVID
Controller
Comms.
Controller
Central
Computer
System
Local
Controller
Housing
ERP – Congestion Management Tool
• Review charges at 3-monthly intervals
• Charges increase when travelling speed at various road
drop below the minimum threshold level, vice versa
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Traffic Volume to CBD (AM Peak) Vehicle Population Car Population
ALS implementation
(June 1975)
ERP implementation
(Sept 1998)
(Before ALS)
Effect of ALS/ERP
Meeting Diverse Needs
• Implement barrier-free accessibility
• Environmental Sustainability
– Reduce GHG and Energy
– Protect Air Quality
• Non-Motorised Transport
– Extend provision of commuter facilities
– Pedestrainisation of streets
34
Barrier-Free Accessibility• MRT network
• Already fully accessible to
people with special mobility
needs
• By 2011: additional lifts at
stations
• Wheelchair accessible public buses
• Introduced in 2006
• By 2020: 100%
• Barrier free road facilities
• By 2010: All pedestrian
walkways, access to MRT
stations, taxi & bus shelters,
and public roads will be
barrier free
35
Environmental Sustainability
• Gearing our transport practices & policies
towards supporting environmental aims
CO2 Contribution by Sector (2005)
19%
16%
11%
54% Transport
Buildings
Consumers /Households &Others
Manufacturing
• 3R: Reuse, Reduce, Recycle
• Recycled material in road
pavement construction
• Environmental Impact Study
• Environmental Management Framework for Construction
sites
• Achieved PUB’s Friend of water recognition
Incineration
PlantSemakau
Landfill
Waste
Reducing Environmental Impact from
Infrastructure Development
• ISO 14000 Certification
Management for
Environmental Sustainability
Training and
discussion on Best
Environmental
Practices at LTA
sites
Roundtable
Discussion for
Eminent Expert
Seminar on
Sustainable Land
Transport
Summary
Regulate vehicle growth
Meet diverse needs
Making public transport
the choice mode
Manage road usage
Thank you