Upload
melaney-ganas
View
24
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Promising Models and Practices with Southeast Asian American Communities. Zha Blong Xiong University of Minnesota Yorn Yan United Cambodian Association of Minnesota. Overview of Presentation. Context of Southeast Asian (SEA) Americans in Minnesota. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Promising Models and Practices with Southeast Asian American
Communities
Zha Blong XiongUniversity of Minnesota
Yorn YanUnited Cambodian Association of
Minnesota
Overview of Presentation
• Context of Southeast Asian (SEA) Americans in Minnesota.
• The Citizen Health Care Model to build collaboration between the University and Southeast Asian communities.
• The Statewide Tobacco Education and Education Project (STEEP) Model.– Some evaluation data testing the model.
• Lessons learned.
SEA Resettlement in the United States, 1975-1994
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
1975-1976
1977-1978
1979-1980
1981-1982
1983-1984
1985-1986
1987-1988
1989-1990
1991-1992
1993-1994
U.S. Southeast Asian Population231,616 247,595 191,200
1,548,449
3,347,229
1,423,7842,555,923
2,843,391
1,938,393
Cambodian
Hmong
Lao
Vietnamese
Chinese
Korean
Filipino
Asian Indians
Others
Hmong (1.73%)
Lao (1.33%)Cambodian (1.73%)
Chinese
Vietnamese (10.82%)
Others
Korean
Asian Indians
Filipino
Minnesota Southeast Asian Population
Hmong; 26.1%
Asian Indian; 15.0%
Chinese; 11.4% Viet-
namese; 10.7%
Korean; 8.3%
Filipino; 6.2%
Laotian; 4.7%
Cambo-dian; 3.8%
Other; 13.3%
MN Asian population, by ethnicity
83%
5%
5%4%
1% 2%
Whites
Blacks
Hispanics
Asians
Native Americans
Multiracial
MN Population
4%
Hmong
Vietnamese
Most Southeast Asians in Minnesota concentrated in urban and poor areas
October 1, 2004 student enrollment
Address where one or more students live
Asian American Students in Saint Paul Public Schools
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!! !!!!!!!!
!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!! ! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!! !!!! ! !
!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!
!!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!
!
!!
!
!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !
!
!
!!!
!
!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!
!!
!
!!!!!!!
!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!
!!
!!!!
!
!!!!!
!
!
!!!!
!
!
!!!!
! ! !!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!
!!
!
!!!
!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!
!!!!
!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!! !!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!
!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!
!!!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!!
!!
!!
!!
!! !!!!!!
!
!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!! !!!
!!!!!!!!! !!
!!
!
!!
!!! !!!!!!!!
!!!
! !!!!!!!
!!!
!!
!!!!
!!!!
!
!
! !!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!! !!
!!! !!!!! !!!!!! !!!!! ! !!!!!!! !! ! !!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!! ! !!! !! !!! !!!!! ! !! !! !!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!! ! !!!! !!!!!!!
!!!! ! !!! !!!!
!!
!! !! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !!!!!! !!! !!!!! !!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!! !! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!
!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!! ! !!! ! !!!! !!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!! !!!!!! !! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!! !
!! !!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! ! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!
!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!
! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!
!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!
!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !
!!!!!
!!
! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!! ! ! !!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!! ! !!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!
!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!! !!! ! !!!! !! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!! ! ! !!! !!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!
!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!
! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!! !!! !!
! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !! !!!!! ! !! !!!! ! !
!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!
!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!
!!
!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!! !!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!! !! !!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!! !!!!! !! !!!!! !! !!!!!! ! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!! !
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!! ! !!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!! !
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!! !!!! !!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !!
!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!! !!!! !! !! !!
!! !!!!!! !! !!!! !!!!! ! !!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!! !
!!!!
! !!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!
!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!
!!!!! !!! !! !! ! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!! !!! ! !!!! !!!! !!!! !!!!!!!
! !! !!!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!! !!! ! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!! ! !!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!
! !! !!! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! !!!! !
!! !!!! !!!!! !! !!!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!! !! !!! !!!! !!!!! ! !!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !!!! !!!!! !!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! ! !!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !!!!!!
!! !!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !! !!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!
!!!!!!! !!! !!!!
!!!!!!!
!!
!!
!!!!!
!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!! !! ! !!! !! !!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!! ! !!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!!! !!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!
! !!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!!!!!!!
! !!!!!!!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!! !! ! !!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!
!!! !!
!
! !!!!!!!!!
! !!!!!!!!!
!!! !!
! !!!
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!! ! !
!!
!
!!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!
!!
!
!
!!!
!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!
!
!
!!!!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!
!!! !
!!!!!!!! !! !!
!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!
!!!
!
!
!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!! !
!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!
!!!
!! !!!
!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
! !!!!!
!
!!
!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!
!
!
!!!
!!!
!!!!! !
!!!
!
! !!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!
!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!
!!
!!!
!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!! ! !!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!
!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
! !!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!! !!!
!!!!
!!!!
!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
!! !!
!! !!!!!!!
!!!!!
!
!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!
!!
!! !
!!
!!! !! !!!!! !!!
!!!!!!!! !! !! !!!!! !! !! !!!!! !!
!!!!
!!! !!!!!!!! ! !!
!!!! !!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !! !!!!!
!!! !!!!!!!!! !!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!
!!
!!
! !!! !!!!
!!!!!!
! !!! !!!
!
!!!!!! !!!!!!!
!!!
!
!
!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!! !!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!! !!! !!!!
!!! !!! !!! !!! !!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!!!!!
!! !!! !!!!!! !!!!! !! !!
!!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!! !! !
!!!!!
!!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!! !!!! !
!!!!
!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!! !! !!!!!!!!!
! !!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!
!
!!
!
!
!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!! !!!! !
!!!!!!!
!!! !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!! !!!!!!
!!!!
! !!!!!!!! ! !!!! !!
!!!!!!
!!
!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!
!
!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!
! ! ! !!! !!!! !!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!
!
!!!
!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!
!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!! !! !!
!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!! !!
!
!!!!!!! !!!
!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!
!!! !!!
!! !! !!!!
!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!
!!!!
!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!! !!!!! ! !
!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!!!!!
!!
!!!!!! !!
• 53% of Minnesota’s Hmong population lives in Ramsey County and 45% within the City of St. Paul.• The Hmong comprise 57% of all Asians in Ramsey County nd 65% of Asians in St. Paul (2005-2009 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates).
Percentage of Household Income below the Poverty Line in St. Paul, Ramsey and Hennepin Counties, MN by Race
CaucasianAfrican American Hispanic
American Indian
Asian-non Hmong
Hmong
St. Paul 3.4 19.2 12.8 17.8 25.8 33.9
Ramsey County
2.6 18.7 12.3 14.1 12.6 31.9
Hennepin County
1.7 19.5 12.7 20.2 6.3 33.7
Linguistically Isolated64%
59% 55% 52%44%
50%
33%42% 38% 35%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%
Vietnamese Hmong Cambodian Laotian Chinese,except
Taiw anese
Limited English Proficiency Linguistically Isolated Households
Source: Census 2000 Data for Minnesota Population.
A recent study found that 81% of first generation respondents reported using a language other than English as their primary language, while 20% of second generation respondents also reported this (Robynn el al., 2010).
Smoking rates• Smoking rates in the general population are declining since 2004 (stalled at
20%)• Smoking rates in the SEA communities are still high.
– Some studies show that the prevalence rates for SEAs ages 18 and over ranged from 34% to 70% (Bautista, Ednacot, & Wong, 2005; Chen, 2001; McPhee et al., 1995).
– A 2009 study of 2,856 Hmong youth and adults in Wisconsin found that 15% of the youth ages 12-17 reported daily use and 32% ever use.
– The American Legacy Foundation (2001) reported that the number of Asian American teens who smoke increased from 4.4% in middle school to 33.1% by 12 th grade.
– Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota’s (2009) SEA study found that men are more likely to smoke (30%) than women (7%).
Engaging the Southeast Asian Communities to Address the Tobacco Use Problem
Community Engagement:
Buy-in & Planning
Capacity Building
Culturally Tailored,
Multi-Approached Education
Embedding and Systems
Change
Engaging the Southeast Asian Communities to Address the Tobacco Use Problem
Community Engagement Buy-in & Planning Model
Citizen Health Care Model’s Principles:1. The greatest untapped resource for strengthening families and
communities is the knowledge, wisdom, and lived experience of community members/citizens.
2. Citizens must be included in the engagement process as producers and contributors, and not a clients or consumers of services.
3. Researchers must come to the collaboration as citizen professionals to identify challenges, sources and nature of the problem, mobilize resources, and generate plans of action together.
Source: Doherty & Carroll, 2002; Doherty & Mendenhall, 2006.
Community Engagement Buy-in & Planning Process
Shared decision making and partnership building.
Capacity building for the collaborative & staff.
Identified stakeholders for the community leadership groups.
Community leadership groups.
Data collection: Stakeholder interviews.
Data collection: Focus groups.
Action plans & program development: Retreat.
The Engagement Process for the Statewide Tobacco Education and Engagement Project (STEEP) took 2 Years (supported by ClearWay Minnesota: 2005-2007):
The STEEP Project
• Mr. Yorn Yan
STEEP Logic Model
Inputs Outputs 3-YR Outcomes 5-YR Outcomes Impacts Activities
Blue Cross Blue Shield grant
Project manager Educators Office and meeting
space Access to community
members Marketing materials Commitment of
expertise, time, and energy of collaborative leadership
Volunteers Transportation
Plan, host, & participate in community events
Provide trainings Meet with community
leaders Work with groups on
policies & procedures Website & Blog Newsletter Advocacy Build network Continue outreach
activities Document, refine, &
report on the process of the project
Build capacity of Collaborative & individual agencies
STEEP has contacted and trained over 16,151 individuals.
Booth: 14,627
Workshop: 131
Quitline #: 689
Prof development: 587
Train-the-trainers: 117
Educators competencies increase and are able to train nationally
Conduct outcome evaluation Services are expanded to
other areas o Greater MN o Expand beyond SEA
communities STEEP visibility is increased A resource center has been
established Groups of volunteer trainers
are established statewide Communities and leaders are
educated and engaged in policy development and enforcement
Educate next generations of SEA in healthcare (embed in Jr. and Hgh school curriculum)
Community norms have changed—smoking is not associated with community events
People are supported in their efforts to stop smoking
No young SEA’s begin smoking
Smoking is considered an undesirable habit by community members
Target Populations: Southeast Asian and other Asian Communities in Minnesota
Situation: Tobacco use is a significant part of cultural events and an accepted habit connected to social interaction in the community
Needs: Some people don’t understand the impact of tobacco use on their health, the harm that second-hand smoke can do, and/or the addictive nature of tobacco
Program Purpose: Influence changes in community norms and practices and individual behavior through educating the community on the impact of tobacco use and engaging the community in spreading the information to promote change
Policies developed and enforced for participating organizations
Policies developed and promoted for smoke-free events
MN state law violations reduced
Fewer community celebrations (weddings/ funerals) involve tobacco
Increased understanding in SEA Communities of health impact
Match with workplan
Dandelion Systems Change
Capacity Building
Model: LAAMPP • Leadership and Advocacy Institute to Advance
Minnesota’s Priority Populations project (Lew, Honma,
Portugal, & Baezconde-Garbanati, 2008).– Build community and cross-cultural capacity for tobacco control– Developing a pool of Coaches
Approach: Train-the-trainers (Corelli et al., 2007; Orfaly et. el., 2005).
– Capacity building of the collaboration– Staff/Tobacco Educators– Volunteers: Community fellows– Allies: Community leaders– Community members
Community Engagement:
Buy-in & Planning
Capacity Building
Culturally Tailored, Multi-
Approached Education
Embedding and Systems
Change
Culturally Tailored, Multi-Approached Education• Setting: Places of congregation (“if we build it, people will come” is not
working )– Community events– Temples– Multi-housing units– Community-based organizations
• Materials: Posters, objects, tools, etc. (see samples)• Pedagogies: Story telling, demonstrations,
and role playing.• Evaluation: Pre- and post-tests; retrospective
Community Engagement:
Buy-in & Planning
Capacity Building
Culturally Tailored,
Multi-Approached Education
Embedding and
Systems Change
Chemical Poster
What it is: A poster depicting the chemicals present in cigarettes.
Why it is used: It is used to alert observers to the dangerous chemicals found in cigarettes.
Its message: The chemicals pictured in this poster are chemicals that many observers will recognize. This poster encourages smokers to ask themselves, “If these chemicals are used in each cigarette, why am I still smoking?
Retailer: Nimco Inc., www.nimcoinc.com, 1-800-962-6662, Fax: 1-270-273-5844
Tar Jar
What it is: This jar shows the amount of tar a smoker consumes in one year from smoking a pack (20 cigarettes) a day.Why it is used: It provides a visual picture of the tar that turns the lungs black.Its message: This educational tool teaches the effects of tobacco use on health.Retailer: Nimco Inc., www.nimcoinc.com, 1-800-962-6662, Fax: 1-270-273-5844
Community Engagement: Getting Communities & Institutions to Commit to Change
• Embedding practices and policies– Healthy living messages and practices
become part of each agency’s programs.– Co-presentations and team-focused
programs.
• Systems change practices and policies – Develop appropriate language for policies– Adopt policies– Implement and enforce adopted policies– Educate and inform existing state and local
policies
Community Engagement:
Buy-in & Planning
Capacity Building
Culturally Tailored,
Multi-Approached Education
Embedding and
Systems Change
Commit to Embedding and Systems Change
Action taken:
Date Initiated Date Completed
Comments
Initial contact w/ member who knows someone in the entity.
Talk with representative(s) of the entity about potential policy.
Conversation with and/or present to group about potential policy.
Have a conversation with the decision maker or the executive group.
Present idea and language of policy and what the entity wants to cover.
Help draft policy idea and language to the entity.
Revise policy statement.
Policy adopted.
Community Engagement:
Buy-in & Planning
Capacity Building
Culturally Tailored,
Multi-Approached Education
Embedding and
Systems Change
NUMBER OF POLICIES PASSED
TYPE OF POLICY SYSTEMS
TOBACCO COMMUNITY BASED ORG.
TEMPLE GROUP MULTI- UNIT HOUSING
OTHERS
Hmong Soccer Tournament (1)
Tobacco X
No Tobacco Funding (5) Tobacco X
Strengthening Comprehensive Policy (5)
Tobacco X
World Refugee Day (1) Tobacco X
Multi-unit Housing (1) Tobacco X
Cambodian Temple (1) Tobacco X
Lao Temple (1) Tobacco X20% healthy options (5) Healthy Eating X
20% healthy options (1) Healthy Eating X
20% healthy options (1) Healthy Eating XBike racks (5) Active Living X
Lessons Learned
• Collaboration– Shared vision about the community well-being.– Trust and respect one another as professional citizens.– Commitment from the top of the organizations (i.e., executive directors).– Shared leadership and sacrifice at the collaborative level (chair committees, rally,
petition, cost to pay grant writer, etc.). – The role of the University in the collaboration is key to our program success (i.e.,
model development, grant writing, and evaluation).– The ongoing contributions of the TAs, consultants, and funders to guide, support,
and strengthen the collaboration.
• Staff– Capacity building is critical (i.e., demonstrate credibility, buy-in, and trust in the
community, esp. with young, second-generation staff). – Mentoring and coaching staff play an important role in our successes.– Organizational flexibility (in office vs. in the field).
Lessons Learned
• Evaluation– Evaluation is a challenge when working with low
literacy population.• The need to balance between delivering the
program vs. collecting data– An hour training with pre- and post-tests
– The challenge of using survey to collect data (i.e., response options; right and wrong answers).
– Reliable vs. practical measures.
Lessons Learned
• Volunteers– Challenge of retaining volunteers.– Challenge of getting volunteers to commit to advanced training
(tier three – two week training and a mentored project).
• Program– Build relationship with people is key to engagement, education,
and systems change.– If we move too quickly into systems change, the buy-in is not
there in the community to pass policies.– People need to personalize the problem before they can commit
to change.
Please don’t hesitate to contact us if you want to…• Learn more about the Citizen Health Care
Model to engage other immigrant and/or low SES communities;
• Learn more about our STEEP’s Dandelion and Systems Change Model;
• Have access to our evaluation data; or• Know more about our lessons learned and
other success stories.
CDC’s Program Evaluation FrameworkFramework for Program Evaluation in Public Health. MMWR 1999;48(No. RR-11)http://www.cdc.gov/eval/framework.htm
American Evaluation Association
Evaluation Standards• Utility: credible, negotiated, timely• Feasibility: practical, context, efficient• Propriety: formal agreements, conflict of
interest, transparency, inclusive• Accuracy: valid, reliable, justified• Accountability: documentation; internal &
external metaevaluationYarbrough, D. B., Shulha, L. M., Hopson, R. K., and Caruthers, F. A. The program evaluation standards: A guide for evaluators and evaluation users (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2011 http://www.eval.org/evaluationdocuments/progeval.html
Evaluation
Address four evaluative questions: (1) How much have we been reaching out to the SEA
communities?
(2) How much do the people in the community know about STEEP?
(3) How much have we made a difference in the SEA communities?
(4) How much have we made a difference to the people we educated?
How much have we been penetrating the SEA communities?
• Conducted 65 events, delivered educational tools to 40,000 people in three target SEA locations: Twin Cities, Rochester, & St. Cloud.
• Recruited and trained over 120 volunteers; 20 of them delivered the education in their respective community.
• Networked/partnered with over 72 agencies and/or groups working on a variety of projects/activities in Minnesota.
How much do the people in the community know about STEEP?
• Nearly 97% of all survey respondents reported having seen STEEP at community events in the past year.• More than 50% of the survey respondents indicated hearing people talking “quite often” about STEEP’s work in their communities within the past year (2009-2010).
How much have we made a difference in the SEA communities?
How much have we made a difference to the people we educated? (Knowledge)
How much have we made a difference to the people we educated? (Smoking norms inside the home)
• Graph 11. Rules about not smoking inside the home
. Changing smoking norms inside the home
How much have we made a difference to the people we educated? (see smoking now vs. a year ago in the community)
13.2
38.9
11.1
22.6
8.9 12.1 15.3
34.2
79.5
50
81.1
60.5
82.173.2 71.6
48.9
5.3 5.8 4.2 8.4 6.8 8.9 10 11.1
0
1020
30
4050
60
7080
90
(n=186) (n=180) (n=183) (n=174) (n=186) (n=179) (n=184) (n=179)
Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago
Inside restaurants Indoor worksites Inside publicbuilding
Inside funeralhomes
yes
no
not sure
How much have we made a difference to the people we educated? (see smoking now vs. a year ago in the community)
8085.3
60 62.6
47.9 51.6 51.1 52.6
7.92.1
12.68.9
36.3 33.237.4
31.6
7.9 5.3
23.7 22.1
11.1 8.4 9.5 11.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
(n=182) (n=176) (n=183) (n=178) (n=181) (n=177) (n=186) (n=181)
Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago Nowadays A yr ago
Inside cars Outside thetemples
At communityevents
At the flea markets
yes
no
not sure
References
Bautista, R., Ednacot, E., & Wong, A. (2005, September). Asian Americans and Tobacco 101. An invitational workshop presented to the Minnesota Asian and Pacific Islanders
Community, St. Paul, Minnesota.Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota, ClearWay Minnesota, Asian Pacific Tobacco Coalition of Minnesota, & Southeast Asian Refugee Community Home (2009). Tobacco use in Minnesota: A quantitative survey of Cambodian, Hmong, Lao, and Vietnamese community members. Minneapolis, MN: ClearWay Minnesota.Bostrom, R. P., Anson, R., & Clawson, V. K. (1993). Group facilitation and group support systems. Group Support Systems: New Perspectives, 146-168.Brimmer, D. J., McCleary, K. K., Lupton, T. A., Faryna, K. M., Hynes, K., & Reeves, W. C. (2008). A train-the-trainer education and promotion program: Chronic fatigue
syndrome--a diagnostic and management challenge. BMC Medical DREGAN (2010). Burcum, J. (2008, May 7th). Breathe deeply and ponder this anniversary. Star tribune. Retrieved from: http://www.startribune.com/ opinion/commentary/ 18746919.html?
page=2&c=yCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (1999). Cigarette smoking among adults in the United States. MMWR, 48(43), 993-996.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). (2004). New surgeon general’s report expands list of diseases caused by smoking. Retrieved at from January 8, 2006
from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgr/sgr_2004/pressrelease.htm.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP). (2007). Reducing youth exposure to tobacco Influences, Best Practices: For Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.Chen, M. S. (2001). The status of tobacco cessation research for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. Asian American and Pacific Islander Journal of Health, 9(1), 61-65.Council on Asian-Pacific Minnesotans and Minnesota Asian/American Health Coalition.
(2009). Health Disparities: An Asian American & Pacific Islander Community Response.Diverse Racial Ethnic Groups and Nations (DREGAN). (2006). Tobacco Use in Minnesota: Perspectives from Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese
Communities, Asian Pacific Tobacco-Free Coalition of Minnesota, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Minnesota, Minnesota Partnership for Action Against Tobacco, Southeast Asian Refugee Community Home, March 2006.
Doherty, W. J., & Carroll, J. S. (2002). The families and democracy project. Family Process, 41, 579–589.
References
Doherty, W. J., & Mendenhall, T. J. (2006). Citizen health care: A model for engaging patients, families, and communities as co-producers of health. Families, Systems, & Health, 24(3),
251-263.Eastman, T. Are Tobacco Companies Targeting Asian Americans? Retrieved from:
http://www.helium.com/items/491813-are-tobacco-companies-targeting- Asian-AmericansGiovino, G. A. , Chaloupka, F. J., Hartman, A. M. et al. (2009). Cigarette Smoking Prevalence and Policies
in the 50 States: An Era of Change—The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Impact Teen Tobacco Chart Book. Buffalo, NY: University at Buffalo, State University of New York.
Granner, M. L., & Sharpe, P. A. (2004). Evaluating community coalition characteristics and functionality: A summary of measurement tools. Health Education Research, 19(5), 514-532.Hoskins, L. & Angelica, E. (2005). Forming Alliances: Working together to achieve mutual goals.
Fieldstone Alliance.Jenkins, C. N. H., McPhee, S. J., Bonilla, N-T, Nam, T. V., & Chen A. (1995). Cigarette smoking among
Vietnamese immigrants in California. American Journal of Health Promotion, 9, 254-256.Jenkins, C. N. H., McPhee, S. J., Le, A., Pham, G. Q., Ha, N., & Stewart, S. (1997). The effectiveness of a media-led intervention to reduce smoking among Vietnamese-American men.
American Journal of Public Health, 87(6), 1031-1034.Lam, T. C. & Bengo, P. (2003). A comparison of three retrospective self-reporting methods of measuring change in instructional practice. American Journal of Evaluation, 24(1), 65-80.
References
Lew, R., Honma, J., Portugal, C., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2008). The final evaluation report: Assessing the impact of Leadership and Advocacy Institute to Advance Minnesota’s Parity for Priority Populations [LAAMPP]. Minneapolis, MN: ClearWay Minnesota.Linn, R. L., & Slinde, J.A. (Winter 1977). The determination of the significance of change between pre- and post-testing periods. Review of Educational Research, XLVII, 121-50.Marcotty, J. (December 11, 2007). Statewide ban motivating Minnesota smokers to quit. Star Tribune. Retrieved from: http://www.startribune.com/lifestyle/ health/12340141.htmlMcPhee, S. J., Jenkins, C. N. H., Wong, C., et al. (1995). Smoking cessation intervention among Vietnamese Americans: A controlled trial. Tobacco Control, 4, 16-24.Minnesota State Demographer Center (n.d.). Immigrants in Minnesota. Retrieved from January 8, 2006 at http://www.demography.state.mn.us/Orfaly, R. A., Frances, J. C., Campbell, P., Whittemore, B., Joly, B., & Koh, H. (2005). Train-the-trainer as an educational model in public health preparedness. Journal of Public Health
Management and Practice, 11(6), S123-127. Pratt, C. C., McGuigan, W. M., & Katzev, A. R. (2000) Measuring program outcomes: Using retrospective pretest methodology. American Journal of Evaluation, 21(3), 341- 349.Eberle, Hogle, & Peterson (2011, June). Program evaluation and healthy equity research. Workshop
presented to the 2nd Annual Health Equity & Leadership Institute (HELI), University of Wisconsin-Madison.
References
Rumbaut, R. G. (1989). Portraits, patterns, and predictors of the refugee adaptation process: Results and reflections from the IHARP panel study. In D. W. Haines (Ed.), Refugees as immigrants: Cambodians, Laotians, and Vietnamese in America. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield
Publishers, Inc.Sellnow, G. (2008, March 1st). Bar patrons light up under “Freedom to Breath Act,” Rochester (MN) Post-Bulletin. Retrieved from: http://www.postbulletin.com/ newsmanager/templates/localnews_story.asp Tobacco Law Center. (2009). Tracking tobacco laws: A Minnesota Digest, 2nd ed., Tobacco Law Center, St Paul, MN. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.(2007). Best Practices: For Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Xiong, Z. B., Tuicomepee, A., LaBlanc, L., & Rainey, J. (2006). Hmong immigrants’ perceptions of family secrets and recipients of disclosure. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services, 87(2), 231-239.Yee, B. Health and health care of Southeast Asian American elders: Vietnamese, Cambodian, Hmong, and Laotian elders. University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston. Retrieved
from: http://www.stanford.edu/group/ethnoger/southeastasian.html