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Graphic Organizer
Compare and Contrast the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Graphic Organizer
Compare and Contrast how Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes reproduce.
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Organisms
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular. No nucleus Some anaerobic (doesn’t use
oxygen for cellular respiration)
Contain single, circular chromosome for DNA storage.
REPRODUCES ASEXUALLY
Mostly multicellular. Has “true nucleus”
membrane bound organelles Mostly Aerobic (uses oxygen
for cellular respiration) Contain multiple, linear
chromosomes for DNA storage
Mostly sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction in Prokaryotes
Binary Fission: When a prokaryotic organism splits into two organisms of equal genetic material.
1 organism 2 organisms Ex: Bacteria http://www.microbelibrary.org/microbelibrary/files/ccImages/Articleimages/M
ondoMedia/2bhirez.mov
Asexual Reproduction • Budding: The
formation of a new organism from growing out of a previous organism.
• 1 organism
• 2 organisms
• Ex: Yeast, hydra, sometimes jellyfish.
Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes
• Vegetative Reproduction: Asexual reproduction in plants without using seeds or spores.
• (Often results in clonal colonies)
• 1 organism many organisms
• Ex: Seedless plants (bananas, potato, grass strawberries).
Asexual Reproduction • Spore Formation: The
organism breaks into many pieces into spores which can develop into new organisms identical to the parent.
• 1 organism many organisms
• Ex: Fungi, molds, some Ferns
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072556781/student_view0/chapter3/animation_quiz_1.html
Conidium: Fungus Spore
Asexual Reproduction in Eukaryotes
• Fragmentation: A broken piece from an organism develops into a new organism.
• Ex: Starfish
Asexual Reproduction
• ADVANTAGES – Faster reproduction – Does not require a
partner. – Does not require
traveling (Saves energy!) – Less complex (Less
likely for mistakes).
• DISADVANTAGES – Requires ideal condition. – Everyone has the same
genetic info (If a mutation occurs, it’s there forever!)
– Lacks variety for adaptation and evolutionary selection.
Asexual Reproduction One parent produces an identical daughter cell
Binary Fission (Bacteria) Budding (Hydra, Baker’s Yeast) Sporogenesis (Some fungi) Vegetative Reproduction (Tulip) Fragmentation (Starfish/Earthworm)
All prokaryotes use asexual reproduction (and some eukaryotes)
Limited genetic variation (COPYING ONLY!) DNA circular (plasmid); one copy of each gene Process is similar to Mitosis
Sexual Reproduction Combining of genetic material to form offspring
(typically two parents) Most multicellular organisms use this method Large range of genetic variation – WHY?! DNA linear (chromosome); usually two copies of each
gene Process a result of Meiosis
Assessment Questions Creating offspring without the need for a partner is
called ________ __________. Bacteria reproduce by perfectly copying themselves in
a process called ____ _____. The ability for a potato to sprout from remains of a
previous potato is called _____ _______. In a hydra, new organisms can be produced from
groups of cells that emerge in a process called _________.
Humans, amongst other eukaryotes, create offspring by ________ __________.