PROJECT REPORT

“Study ON SELF COMPACTING Concrete USING

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Materials”

Submitted by

Name EN.NO.

Mitul Pansiniya 120473106001

Sahil Mathakiya 120473106008

Prashant Garnara 120473106011

Pratap Odedra 110470106044

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING

In

Civil Engineering

V.V.P Engineering College - Rajkot

Gujarat Technological University

Ahmedabad

V.V.P Engineering College-Rajkot

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the 8th semester Project Report for the project entitled “STUDY ON SELF-

COMPACTING CONCRETE USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE MATERIALS” submitted in

partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Civil Engineering to Gujarat Technological

University, Ahmedabad, is a bonafide record of the project work carried out at VVP Engineering College under the

supervision of Assistant Prof. Hitesh R. Ashani and that no part of any of these PDE and Project reports has been

directly copied from any students’ reports or taken from any other source, without providing due reference.

NAME OF STUDENTS:

1) MITUL PANSINIYA

2) SAHIL MATHAKIYA

3) PRASHANT GARNARA

4) PRATAP ODEDRA

This Is To Certify That The Project Entitled

“Study ON SELF COMPACTING Concrete USING

INDUSTRIAL WASTE Materials”

Submitted By:

Name of student Enrollment No.

Mitul Pansiniya (120473106001)

Sahil Mathakiya (120473106008)

Prashant Garnara (120473106011)

Pratap Odedra (110470106044)

This work is being submitted for the award of degree of BACHELOR

OF ENGINEERING in CIVIL ENGINEERING as a partial

Fulfillment of the requirement of the prescribed syllabus of Gujarat

Technological University (GTU).

Project Guide H.O.D External Guide (H. R. Ashani) (K. V. Nagecha)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is indeed pleasure and a moment of satisfaction for us to express our

sincere thanks to our project guide Assistant Prof. Hitesh R. Ashani Civil

Engineering Department, V.V.P Engineering College-Rajkot. Who have been

constant source of inspiration, guidance and encouragement.

We express our sincere thanks to Keyur V. Nagecha Head of Civil

Engineering Department, for providing all the facilit ies for carrying out project

work.

We also express our thanks to Civil Engineering Department Faculty

members J.V.Mehta sir, J .B.Bhanderi Sir, S.R.Gajera Sir, Ashish Bhanderi Sir,

And Mrs. Shukla Madam and Vyas Sir. Lab -Technician of Civil Engineering

Department, For giving us guidance for carrying out this project work.

ABSTRACT

A self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the one that can be placed in the form and can go through

obstructions by its own weight and without the need of vibration. Since its first development in Japan in 1988, SCC

has gained wider acceptance in Japan, Europe and USA due to its inherent distinct advantages. The major advantage

of this method is that SCC technology offers the opportunity to minimize or eliminate concrete placement problems

in difficult conditions. It avoids having to repeat the same kind of quality control test on concrete, which consumes

both time and labor. Construction and placing becomes faster & easier. It eliminates the need for vibration & reducing

the noise pollution. It improves the filling capacity of highly congested structural members.

SCC provides better quality especially in the members having reinforcement congestion or decreasing

the permeability and improving durability of concrete. The primary aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of

using SCC by examining its basic properties and durability characteristics i.e. water absorption, shrinkage, and

sulfate resistance. An extensive literature survey was conducted to explore the present state of knowledge on the

durability performance of self-consolidating concrete. However, because it usually requires a larger content of binder

and chemical admixtures compared to ordinary concrete, its material cost is generally 20-50% higher, which has

been a major hindrance to a wider implementation of its use. There is growing evidence that incorporating high

volumes of mineral admixtures and micro fillers as partial replacement for Portland cement in SCC can make it cost

effective. However, the durability of such SCC needs to be proven.

This research work consists of: (i) development of a suitable mix for SCC that would satisfy the

requirements of the plastic state; (ii) casting of concrete samples and testing them for compressive strength,

shrinkage, water absorption, sulfate resistance. Local aggregates, cement, admixtures and additives produced by the

local suppliers were used by in this work. The significance of this work lies in its attempt to provide some

performance data of SCC so as to draw attention to the possible use of SCC.

INDEX

TITLE PAGE

NO PLAGIYARISM REPORT CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 1

1.2 NEED FOR SCC 6

1.3 CONSTRUCTION ISSUES 10

1.4 SCC PRODUCTION 12

1.5 TRANSPORTATION 13

1.6 CASTING ON SITE 12

1.7 SURFACE FINISHING AND CURING 14

1.8 COLD JOINT 14

CHAPTER-2 INTERNATIONAL STATUS 14

CHAPTER-3 APPLICATIONS OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE 16

3.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 17

3.2 SUPPLYMENTRY CEMENTING MATERIALS 20

CHAPTER 4: LITERATURE REVIEW 22

CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME 30

CHAPTER 6: Trial Mix Design 34

6.1 MIXTURE PROPORTIONING 37

6.2 Result Discussion 38

CHAPTER: 7 Aim of this Project 40

Reference 41

PATENT DRAFTING EXERCISE – PDE CERTIFICATE BY GTU INNOVATION COUNCIL Form 1 to 3

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Classification of Fly Ash ASTM - C1.b viscosity too low 3 J-ring mm 10 a viscosity too2.c yield value too high d segregation f blockage 4 V-funnel3.

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Classification of Fly Ash ASTM - C1.natural pozzolans and fly ashes into the following three categories2.

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1 | P a g e

PART 1: Introduction

1. 1 BACKDROP REGARDING SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE

Cement-based products are the nearly all plentiful of all man-made products and so are very

essential design products, in fact it is more than likely that they'll go on to own similar value

in the future. Nevertheless, these design and also anatomist products need to meet new and

also larger demands. As soon as struggling with troubles of production, overall economy,

top quality and also setting, weather resistant take on some other design products for

instance plastic material, material and also timber. Just one direction within this

advancement is usually to self-compacting concrete (SCC), some sort of improved product

that will, devoid of additional compaction vitality, passes and also consolidates intoxicated

by its bodyweight.

The employment of SCC provides a additional industrialized creation. Besides does it

reduce the harmful responsibilities intended for workers, it can also reduce the specialized

prices of in situ solid concrete constructions, on account of improved upon sending your line

routine, top quality, sturdiness, area conclude and also trustworthiness of concrete set ups and

also eliminating many of the possibility of human being malfunction. Nevertheless, SCC is a

sensitive mix, powerfully determined by the composition as well as the attributes of their

constituents. It's got to acquire the incompatible houses of substantial circulation ability as

well as substantial segregation level of resistance. That harmony is manufactured doable

through the dispersing consequence of high-range water-reducing admixture

(superplasticizer) combined with cohesiveness manufactured by a higher focus of fine

allergens in additional filler product. The principle things controlling this specific fine

harmony tend to be relevant to area physics and also chemistry hence, SCC is usually

powerfully determined by the game on the admixtures, together with about the large surface

area earned through the substantial written content of fees. Fresh new SCC, similar to all

cementitious products, is a centred particle suspension together with an array of particle

sizing's (from 10- to be able to 25 mm intended for concrete). This allergens are influenced

by some sort of sophisticated harmony of inter-particle forces (i. electronic. interlocking,

2 | P a g e

frictional, colloidal, and also electrostatic forces), producing a period of time dependancy and

also visco-plastic non-Newtonian behavior.

Self-compacting concrete is considered some sort of concrete that could be put and also

compacted within its bodyweight without any vibration attempt, telling full answering of

formworks even if accessibility is usually hindered through filter gaps between reinforcement

cafes. Real that will should not be vibrated is a challenge to the developing industry. To get

this kind of behavior, the new concrete need to display equally substantial fluidity and also

beneficial cohesiveness concurrently.

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) signifies one of the most major improvements in concrete

engineering for many years. Limited homogeneity on the solid concrete on account of

inadequate compaction or perhaps segregation may perhaps considerably decrease the

effectiveness of fully developed concrete in-situ. SCC has become designed to make certain

enough compaction and also aid placement of concrete in set ups together with congested

reinforcement and also in restricted regions. SCC got its start 1st in The japanese within the

delayed 1980s to get largely useful for extremely congested strengthened set ups in seismic

regions (Bouzoubaa, Lachemi, 2001).

Because sturdiness of concrete set ups became a crucial problem in The japanese, an

acceptable compaction through knowledgeable labours has been necessary to get long lasting

concrete set ups. That necessity triggered the development of SCC and development was

initially claimed in 1989 (Okamura, Ouchi, 1999). SCC serves as a a higher effectiveness

product which passes within its bodyweight devoid of needing vibrators to realize

consolidation through full answering of formworks even if accessibility is usually hindered

through filter gaps between reinforcement cafes (Zhu et ing., 2001). SCC may also be used in

predicaments where by it's tough or perhaps not possible to use kinetic compaction intended

for fresh concrete, for instance upside down concreting, solid in-situ pack foundations,

equipment facets and also articles or perhaps partitions together with congested

reinforcement. This substantial circulation ability of SCC assists you to load the formwork

devoid of vibration (Khayat et ing., 2004). Given that their beginning, it is often widespread

in large design in The japanese (Okamura, Ouchi, 2003). Lately, this specific concrete

3 | P a g e

possesses accumulated wide used in a lot of international locations intended for various apps

and also structural layouts (Bouzoubaa, Lachemi, 2001). It's also thought to be "the nearly all

progressive development in concrete design for a number of decades". At first designed to be

able to offset a developing general shortage of knowledgeable labor, it's at this point taken up

together with commitment over Europe intended for equally internet site and also precast

concrete operate.

It's got proved effective in the economy as a result of amount of variables while noted under

(Krieg, 2003 and also ENFARC, 2002):

More rapidly design,

Reduction in internet site manpower,

Easier setting,

Consistent and also full consolidation,

Far better area completes,

Much better sturdiness,

Elevated connect durability,

Greater independence in design,

Decreased sound quantities, on account of absence of vibration, and also

Ø Safe doing work setting.

The process intended for reaching self-compactability requires not just substantial

deformability of insert or perhaps mortar, but additionally level of resistance to be able to

segregation between rough blend and also mortar if the concrete passes throughout the

restricted zoom of reinforcing cafes (Okamura, Ouchi, 2003). Homogeneity of SCC is usually

their capability to keep on being unsegregated through move and also setting. Large

circulation ability and also substantial segregation level of resistance of SCC tend to be

received through:

• A greater volume of fine allergens, my spouse and i. electronic., a small rough blend written

content.

• A decreased water/powder relation, (powder is defined as bare cement as well the filler for

instance take flight ash, silica fume and so on. ) and also

4 | P a g e

• The employment of superplasticizer (Okamura, Ouchi, 2003 and also Audenaert et ing.,

2002).

Due to addition of a substantial volume of fine allergens, the interior product construction of

SCC demonstrates some similarity together with high performance concrete having self-

compatibility in fresh point, no initial flaws in early on point and also safety towards external

variables following hardening. Because of the decrease written content of rough blend, even

so, there's some problem that will:

• SCC often have a reduced modulus of suppleness, which may influence deformation

attributes of prestressed concrete members.

• Creep and also shrinking are going to be larger, which affects pre-stress burning and also

long-term deflection (Mata, 2004). Self-compacting concrete could be developed making use

of regular cements and also preservatives. It is made up largely of bare cement, rough and

also fine aggregates, and also filler, for instance take flight ash or perhaps Super-pozz, h2o,

extremely plasticizer and also stabilizer.

This composition of SCC is comparable to that will of standard concrete yet to achieve self-

flow ability admixtures, for instance take flight ash, glass filler, limestone powdered, silica

fume, Super-pozz, and so on, together with some superplasticizer is usually merged. Given

that Super-pozz is a new rising admixture and is also an extremely reactive alumino-silicate

pozzolanic product, their fineness and also circular particle appearance increases the

workability of SCC. So, it might be used being a appropriate admixture in SCC.

3 basic attributes that will are required to get SCC tend to be substantial deformability,

restrained flowability and also a substantial level of resistance to be able to segregation

(Khayat, et ing., 2004). Large deformability relates to the capability on the concrete to be able

5 | P a g e

to deform and also multiply widely so as to load the many area within the formwork. It is

usually some sort of functionality on the variety, sizing, and also volume of the aggregates,

as well as the friction between the stable allergens, that is reduced by adding a higher range

water-reducing admixture (HRWR) to the combination. Restrained flowability signifies how

simply the concrete can easily circulation around hurdles, for instance reinforcement, and also

relates to the participant geometry as well as the form of the formwork.

Segregation is generally relevant to the cohesiveness on the fresh concrete, that is superior by

adding some sort of viscosity-modifying admixture (VMA) as well as a HRWR, through

minimizing the free-water written content, through increasing the volume of insert, or perhaps

through some mix off these constituents. A couple basic varieties of SCC can be purchased:

(1) one particular which has a little decrease in the rough aggregates, comprising some sort

of VMA, and also (2) one particular which has a major decrease in the rough aggregates

without any VMA.

To produce SCC, the main operate requires planning a suitable mix percentage and also

checking the houses on the concrete hence received. In practice, SCC in their fresh point out

demonstrates substantial fluidity, self-compacting ability and also segregation level of

resistance, these all promote minimizing the risk of baby combing of concrete (Su et ing.,

2001). With one of these beneficial houses, the SCC developed can easily significantly help

the trustworthiness and also sturdiness on the strengthened concrete set ups. Also, SCC

demonstrates beneficial effectiveness in data compresion and can finish some other design

desires due to the fact their creation possesses considered what's needed within the structural

design.

6 | P a g e

1. 2 REQUIREMENT FOR SCC

Foundry fine sand and also reddish colored are like a magnet possesses pozzolanic houses

hence increasing the holding houses and provides the higher quality durability concurrently

this minimizes the charge problems. Plus minimizes this problems, Foundry squander

disposal. Throughout disposal property turn out to be unproductive. It commences polluting

the groundwater. Consequently it ought to be utilised in some helpful fashion. That might

appeal in a pair of approaches Help out with getting better top quality of concrete. For

countless years, the problem on the sturdiness of concrete set ups has become a major problem

posed to be able to designers. To generate long lasting concrete set ups, ample compaction

becomes necessary. Compaction intended for regular concrete is completed through vibrating.

More than vibration can certainly result in segregation. Throughout regular concrete, it's tough

to make certain homogeneous product top quality and also beneficial density in greatly

strengthened places.

In the event that material isn't effectively surrounded through concrete this contributes to

sturdiness problems. Here is the issue largely together with greatly strengthened parts where

a very high traffic jam of reinforcement is observed. This answer to the problem might be a

style of concrete which often can acquire compacted directly into every single nook of variety

operate and also gap between material, strictly by means of its bodyweight and also without

the need intended for compaction.

This SCC concept has been necessary to triumph over these difficulties. This SCC concept

could be explained because the concrete that will matches specific effectiveness and also

uniformity requirements that will cannot always be received by employing regular

components, standard mixing course of action and also curing methods. This SCC is usually

an designed product comprising bare cement, aggregates, h2o and also admixtures together

7 | P a g e

with several new constituents similar to colloidal silica, pozzolanic products, compound

admixtures to keep up unique requirements, for instance, high-flowability, compressive

durability, substantial workability, superior resistances to be able to compound or perhaps

kinetic stresses, decrease permeability, sturdiness, level of resistance towards segregation,

and also probability within lustrous reinforcement disorders. This houses, for instance,

fluidity and also substantial level of resistance to be able to segregation allows the placement

of concrete devoid of vibrations with reduced your time, sound and far a lesser amount of

wear of tools. Utilization of SCC overcomes the problem of concrete positioning in greatly

strengthened parts also it helps to limit design time. Self-compacting concrete is growing

easily, in particular within the pre­cast industry where by their strengths tend to be easily

understood and also employed. Excellent plasticizer promotes deformability with the decline

of water/powder segregation level of resistance is usually greater. Large deformability and

also substantial segregation level of resistance is usually received through restraining the

number of rough blend. Nevertheless, the substantial medication dosage of super-plasticizer

useful for decline on the fluid limit and also intended for better workability, the substantial

powdered written content while ‘lubricant’ with the rough aggregates, in addition to the by

using viscosity-agents to be able to, in addition to the by using viscosity-agents to boost the

viscosity on the concrete should be looked at. Today in our challenge i am work with

replacement of bare cement through volume through Soar Ash & GGBFS.

Foundry squander generally subject matter (contains) uniformly measured, and also which

having a number organic and natural binder. In the event that some new fine sand and also

binder is typically put into sustain the grade of sending your line and also make-up fine sand

missing through functioning. Also it is utilized intended for uses while alternative constituents

in blend so that as kiln give within the produce of Portland bare cement. It having low

ingestion and also not for plastic material character. It cell phones leachable small percentage,

point of view of shear level of resistance take the stove of thirty-three to be able to forty five

degree as compared to regular fine sand.

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Other than over subsequent tend to be what's so great about SCC:

Much better Real Top quality:

ü SCC assure homogeneous concrete in predicaments the place that the castings tend to be

tough on account of congested reinforcement, tough accessibility and so on.

ü SCC demonstrates a fantastic answering ability in particular around reinforcement

ü SCC is very perfect for specific and also formally stressful set ups for instance canal linings,

because the probability to be able to sleek and stylish the concrete is bound within the closed

area between formwork and also steel.

ü Indicates filter variance in houses on internet site.

ü Most suitable intended for concrete loaded pontoons (CFT) engineering design intended for

substantial go up structures.

ü It assures better top quality of in-situ pack groundwork.

The environmental & Human Wellbeing Security:

ü Lessens sound with sites, the precast manufacturing area, and also town, hence, this can be

a hushed concrete.

ü Gets rid of difficulty with circulation bringing about “white fingers” brought on by

compacting tools, hence named proper concrete.

ü SCC provides sound safety in precast industry, through adding no restrictive steps similar

to ear canal safety, designated regions, and also safety guidance are necessary.

ü Shortens the design moment through quickly moving design process, in particular in pre

9 | P a g e

solid industry.

Economy & Time Cutting down:

ü Their simple positioning increases the production as well as the price saving as a result of

reduced tools and also labor tools.

ü Reduction in wear of varieties, for that reason, this stretches the program living of varieties.

ü Reduction in the number of member of staff. It minimizes the consumption of methods and

also price, also thinking about a greater value for each cubic meter with the concrete.

ü For the substantial fluidity, this specific concrete does not need any kind of vibrations in

order that it will allow to avoid wasting vitality and also ensure appropriate price set up.

ü Reduction of expenses and also manpower essential for patching finished precast aspects.

ü It might enable the concrete dealer to deliver better uniformity in delivering concrete, which

minimizes the interventions for the plant life or perhaps task sites.

ü Building together with SCC isn't troubled by the proficiency on the workers, and also

appearance and also agreement of reinforcing cafes on the set ups.

ü SCC work with with design sites minimizes the possibility of accident through minimizing

amount of cables essential for the functioning of compacting tools, hence, minimizes the

workers settlement prices.

ü It provides wide chance of using high-volumes of byproducts products. given that a greater

level of powdered product becomes necessary intended for improving the cohesiveness and

also minimizing the number of extremely plasticizer and also viscosity adjusting agencies.

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ü SCC is usually particular simply to regions where by it's nearly all necessary. These include

areas where by entry to regular vibration is usually tough, or perhaps where by you will

discover congested reinforcements.

1. 3 DESIGN ISSUES

By utilizing self-compacting concrete, the expense of compound and also vitamin admixtures

is usually paid for through the elimination of vibrating compaction and also operate done to

be able to amount the surface of the standard concrete (Khayat et ing., 1997). Nevertheless,

the whole price for just a a number of design cannot always be reduced, due to the fact regular

concrete is utilized in a higher percent than self-compacting concrete. SCC can easily

significantly increase design programs previously depending on regular concrete needing

vibrating compaction. Vibration compaction, which often can simply result in segregation,

has become an barrier to the justification of design operate. The moment this specific barrier

has become eliminated, concrete design may very well be rationalized and also a new design

process, which includes formwork, reinforcement, assist and also structural design, may very

well be designed. The principle reasons for the job of self-compacting concrete could be

summarized the following:

ü For you to limit design time.

ü To reassure compaction within the construction : in particular in restricted zones where by

vibrating compaction is usually tough.

ü To reduce sound on account of vibration : efficient in particular with concrete products plant

life.

The process intended for reaching self-compactability requires not just substantial

deformability of insert or perhaps mortar, but additionally level of resistance to be able to

segregation between rough blend and also mortar if the concrete passes throughout the

restricted zoom reinforcing cafes. Okamura, Ozawa (2003) have currently employed this

11 | P a g e

methods to obtain self- compactability:

Limited blend written content

Low water-powder relation

Utilization of extremely plasticizer

Air Air Air Air

Coarse

aggregate

Coarse

aggregate

Coarse

aggregate

Coarse

aggregate

Concrete

Sand

Sand

Sand

Mortar Powder Cement

Paste Filler

Water Water

SP SP

Fig 1.1: The schematic composition of SCC (Brouwers, Radix, 2005)

The particular frequency involving collision and also contact among blend dust may boost because the family

member mileage between your dust decreases after which internal strain may boost as soon as tangible will be

deformed, specially in close proximity to obstructions. Study features discovered that the strength required for

flowing will be consumed from the greater internal strain, resulting in clog involving blend dust. Restraining the

actual coarse blend information, whose strength use is very intensive, with a stage less than normal is effective to

avoid this sort of clog. Remarkably viscous insert can also be forced to pun intended, the clog involving coarse blend

if your tangible moves by way of obstructions. If the tangible will be deformed, insert having a excessive viscosity

additionally puts a stop to local will increase within internal strain credited the actual approach involving coarse

blend dust. Substantial deformability may be accomplished only from the job of the superplasticizer, maintaining the

actual water-powder proportion with a small value.

12 | P a g e

Fig 1.2: Mechanism for achieving self-compactability

1.4 SCC PRODUCTION

Production of SCC obliges more experience and consideration than the customary vibrated cement.

The plant work force would need preparing and experience to effectively deliver and handle SCC. At the

outset, it might be important to complete a larger number of tests than common to figure out how to handle

SCC and addition the experience.

Before any SCC is delivered at the plant and utilized at the occupation site, the blend must be

appropriately planned and tried to guarantee agreeability with the venture particulars. The fixings and the

hardware utilized as a part of building up the blend and testing ought to be the same fixings and gear to be

utilized as a part of the last blend for the venture.

Most basic solid blenders can be utilized for creating SCC. In any case, the blending time may be

longer than that for the routine vibrated cement. SCC is more touchy to the aggregate water content in the

blend. It is important to consider the dampness/water content in the totals and the admixtures before including

the remaining water in the blend. The blender must be clean and wet, and contains no free water.

Admixtures for the SCC may be included at the plant or at the site. There is money saving advantage

in including the admixtures at the site. Traditional prepared blend solid can be purchased at a lower expense

than the expense of SCC purchased from a prepared blend s.

13 | P a g e

1.5 TRANSPORTATION

The truck drivers ought to be given oral and composed directions for taking care of SCC. The

truck drivers must check the solid drum before loading with SCC to verify that the drum is clean

and clammy, yet with no free water. Additional consideration must be taken for long conveyances.

Notwithstanding the standard data, the conveyance note ought to demonstrate the accompanying

data:

1) Droop stream - target quality and worthy extent.

2)Generation time - time when it was delivered.

3) Guideline for including admixtures at the site, if permitted.

The truck drivers ought not be permitted to include water and/or admixtures amid travel.

1.6 CASTING ON SITE

A prescc position meeting with all faculty included in the SCC arrangement would be gainful. The

SCC position arrangement, including QC/QA, and the parts and obligations of the field work force ought to

be clarified and caught on.

In expansion to the typical testing, the droop stream, T50 and L-box tests are valuable to check SCC

at the occupation site before position.

SCC can stream on a level plane a separation of 15 to 20m without isolation. A very much composed

SCC may have a free fall of as much as 8m without isolation. Nonetheless, it is prescribed that the separation

of flat stream be constrained to 10m and the vertical free fall separation be restricted to 5m.

For deck piece of an extension, it would be troublesome for the SCC to stream too far. This could be

taken care of by planning SCC with a lower droop stream. With a lower droop stream, a scaffold deck with

an incline of 2% could likewise be finished.

If a SCC situation is intruded on and the cement has begun to solidify, it would be important to awaken

set cement by striking a stick or load up into the cement a few times before beginning the position once more.

SCC takes eventually before the solidifying begins, particularly amid frosty climate conditions. When

14 | P a g e

it begins to solidify, the procedure is exceptionally fast, which can bring about issues in leveling and treating

substantial sur.

1.7 SURFACE FINISHING AND CURING

Finishing and curing of SCC can take after the great practices of superplasticized superior cement. Surface of

SCC ought to be generally leveled to the predefined measurements, and the last completing connected as vital before

the cement solidifies.

SCC has a tendency to dry speedier than ordinary vibrated cement, in light of the fact that there is next to zero

draining water at the surface. SCC ought to be cured when practicable after situation to avoid surface shrinkage break

1.8 COLD JOINT

At the point when putting another layer of SCC on old SCC, the security between the old and new

SCC is equivalent to or better than on account of customary vibrated cement. Typical vibration won't pulverize the

concrete, for example, on account of putting ordinary vibrated cement on new SCC. This may be important when

the surface incline is more prominent than practicable for SCC.

PART 2 : INTERNATIONAL STATUS

Compacting toward oneself cement has as of now been utilized as a part of a few nations. In Japan, significant

development ventures incorporated the utilization of SCC in the late '90s. Today, in Japan, endeavors are being made

to free SCC of the "uncommon solid" name and coordinate it into regular solid industry creation (Okamura, 1997).

Presently, the rate of compacting toward oneself solid in yearly result of prepared blended cement (RMC), and also

precast cement (PC), in Japan is around 1.2% and 0.5% of solid items. In the United States, the precast business is

additionally driving SCC innovation execution through the precast/prestressed Solid Organization (PCI) which has

done some exploration on the utilization of SCC in precast/pre¬stressed cements beginning with 1999.

It is evaluated that the every day generation of SCC in the precast/prestressed industry in the United States

will be 8000 m in the first quarter of 2003 (around 1% of the yearly prepared blend concrete).Furthermore, a few

state divisions of transportation in the United States (23 as per a late overview) (Bartos, 2000) are as of now included

in the investigation of SCC. With such an abnormal state of enthusiasm from the development business, and

additionally producers of this new cement, the utilization of SCC ought to develop at a gigantic rate in the following

couple of years in the United States. Then again, regardless of the fact that it is produced using the same constituents

the business has utilized for quite a long time, the entire methodology, from blend configuration to setting works on,

including quality control strategies, needs to be assessed and adjusted in place for this new innovation to be connected

legitimately. Examination in regards to the compacting toward oneself cement was to completed in Canada, couple

of years after the idea was presented in Japan. Foundation for Exploration in Development, Canadian

precast/prestressed Solid Organization, CONMET-Symbol, and ISIS are a portion of the bodies which contemplated

15 | P a g e

different parts of the new innovation. The presentation of the SCC in Europe is generally associated with the exercises

of the global affiliation RILEM, France, especially of its Specialized Advisory group TC145-WSM on "Workability

of New Exceptional

Concrete Blends, The TC145-WSM was established in 1992 and promptly pulled in master enrollments from

everywhere throughout the world. The point was to take a gander at the creation phase of various "unique" cements

and distinguish workability parameters and different attributes of the blends in their crisp express that represented

the dependable and sparing accomplishment of the "uncommon" or "elite" parameters the cements advertised. As the

significance of the SCC got to be generally perceived, other European nations, Germany, Sweden, UK, Denmark,

Netherlands, Norway, Finland, and so on., have chosen to stay aware of the advancements here. Case in point, in

Sweden, the SCC piece of the overall industry was at five percent in RMC and PC in 2002, and was required to

twofold in 2003. Lodging and burrowing, and also connect development for the Swedish National Street

Organization were the fundamental zones of utilization for SCC. In the Netherlands and Germany, the precast

business is for the most part driving the improvement of SCC, with a normal eight percent of piece of the overall

industry in 2003 in Netherlands. Today, compacting toward oneself solid is being examined around the world, with

papers introduced at each cement related meeting, yet up to this point there is no generally embraced state

administered test system for assessment of likeness toward oneself of this cement.

Right now, the utilization of compacting toward oneself solid is by and large quickly embraced in numerous

nations. The utilization of compacting toward oneself cement ought to overcome solid situation issues connected

with the solid development industry. Nonetheless, there still is a requirement for directing more innovative work for

the estimation and institutionalization of the techniques for the assessment of the SCC.

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PART 3 : Uses OF Compacting toward oneself Cement

Contrasted with ordinarily vibrated cement (NVC), compacting toward oneself cement (SCC) has improved

qualities and enhances profit and working conditions because of the disposal of compaction. SCC for the most part

has higher powder content than NVC and in this manner it is important to supplant a portion of the bond by

augmentations to accomplish a conservative and sturdy cement. Japan has utilized compacting toward oneself

cement (SCC) in scaffold, building and passage development since the mid 1990's. In the most recent five years,

various SCC extensions have been developed in Europe. In the United States, the utilization of SCC in thruway

span development is extremely constrained as of now. Then again, the U.S. precast solid industry is starting to

apply the innovation to building cement. SCC has high potential for more extensive basic applications in thruway

span development.The use of cement without vibration in expressway span development is not new. For

illustrations, situation of cement submerged has been put without vibration, and shaft solid can be effectively put

without vibration. These seal, mass and shaft cements are by and large of lower quality, under 34.5 MPa and hard

to achieve steady quality. Cutting edge utilization of compacting toward oneself cement (SCC) is centered around

elite. Better and more solid quality, thick and uniform surface composition, enhanced sturdiness, high quality, and

speedier development. Perceiving the absence of consistency and complete compaction of cement by vibration,

analysts at the College of Tokyo, Japan, began in late 1980's to create SCC. By the mid 1990's Japan has created

and utilized SCC that does not oblige vibration to accomplish full compaction. More uses of SCC in development

have been accounted for in Japan as indicated in Fig 1.3. As of the year 2000, the measure of SCC utilized for pre-

assembled items (precast individuals) and prepared blended solid (cast set up) in Japan was around 400,000 m3.

Fig 3.1: Amount of SCC Placement in Japan (Ouchi et al. 2003)

A few European nations were occupied with investigating the essentialness and possibilities of SCC grew in

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Japan. These European nations shaped an expansive consortium in 1996 to leave on an undertaking went for creating

SCC for viable applications in Europe. The title of the venture is Balanced Creation and Enhanced Workplace

through utilizing Toward oneself compacting Cement. In the most recent six years, various SCC scaffolds, dividers

and passage linings have been developed in Europe. In the United States, SCC is starting to increase interest,

particularly by the precast solid industry and admixture makers. The precast solid industry is starting to apply the

innovation to business ventures when details license. The applications range from design cement to complex private

extensions.

3.1 ADVANTAGES AND Drawbacks

SCC offers numerous points of interest for the precast, prestressed solid industry and for cast-

insitu development:

Advantages of Compacting toward oneself Cement :-

• Low clamor level in the plants and development locales.

• Eliminated issues connected with vibration.

• Less work included.

• Faster development.

• Improved quality and strength.

• Higher quality.

• SCC can be set at a quicker rate with no mechanical vibration and less screeding,

bringing about funds in situation costs.

• Improved and more uniform design surface completion with next to zero therapeutic

surface work.

• Ease of filling confined areas and difficult to-achieve territories. Chances to make basic

and building shapes and surface completes not achievable with customary cement.

• Improved union around fortification and bond with support.

• Improved pumpability.

• Improved consistency of set up cement by dispensing with variable administrator

related exertion of union.

• Labour investment funds.

• Shorter development periods and coming about expense investment funds.

• Quicker solid truck pivot times, empowering the maker to administration the venture

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all the more productively.

• Reduction or disposal of vibrator commotion, conceivably expanding development

hours in urban regions.

• Minimizes development of prepared blended trucks and pumps amid situation.

• Increased jobsite wellbeing by SCC

Disadvantage of Compacting toward oneself Cement:

Although the utilization of SCC has numerous specialized, social, and general sparing preferences, its supply

cost is two to three times higher than that of ordinary solid relying on the sythesis of the mixture and quality

control of solid maker. Such a high premium has some way or another constrained SCC application to general

development. SCC is determined just to ranges where it is generally required. These incorporate spots where

access to ordinary vibration is troublesome, or where there are congested fortifications.

The significant trouble which was confronted being developed of SCC was because of conflicting

components that the cement ought to be completely stream capable yet without draining or isolation. It is

obliged that the bond mortar of the SCC ought to have higher thickness to guarantee stream capacity while

keeping up non-sedimentation of greater totals.

Drawbacks of Okamura's system are that (i) it obliges quality control of glue and mortar before SCC blending,

while numerous prepared blended solid makers don't have the essential offices for directing such tests and

(ii) the blend outline strategy and strategies are excessively convoluted for handy ex SUPPLYMENTRY

CEMENTING MATERIALS

Supplementary establishing materials (SCM), likewise called mineral admixtures, add to the properties of solidified

cement through water driven or pozzolanic movement. Ordinary samples are regular pozzolans, fly cinder, ground

granulated impact heater slag and silica rage which can be utilized exclusively with portland or mixed concrete or in

diverse mixes. These materials respond synthetically with calcium hydroxide discharged from the hydration of

portland bond to shape concrete mixes. These materials are regularly added to cement to makeconcrete mixtures

more conservative, lessen penetrability, build quality, or impact other solid properties. Early SCMs comprised of

regular, promptly accessible materials, for example, volcanic powder or diatomaceous earth. All the more as of late,

strict air-contamination controls and regulations have delivered a wealth of modern by items that can be utilized as

supplementary cementitious materials, for example, fly fiery remains, silica smoke and impact heater slag. The

utilization of such by items in solid development not just keeps these items from being area filled additionally

improves the properties of solid in the crisp and hydrated states. SCMs can be utilized either as an expansion to the

concrete or as a substitution for a segment of the bond. Frequently SCM will be utilized to supplant a part of the

19 | P a g e

bond content for conservative or property-improvement reasons. Supplementary cementitious materials are

frequently consolidated in the solid blend to decrease concrete substance, enhance workability, build quality and

upgrade strength. SCMs can be partitioned into two classifications in light of their kind of response Supplementary

solidifying material or mineral admixture are for the most part the by- results of different commercial enterprises and

are generally less expensive than concoction admixtures. Subsequently can possibly diminish the expense of solid

notwithstanding giving the advantage of giving supplementary cementitious properties. These admixtures have

receptive impact in compound responses of the hydration framework. Mineral admixture incorporate for e.g. Silica

rage (micro-silica), Fly fiery debris, rice husk, GGBFS, Characteristic Pozzolons and so forth. Characterization of

Mineral Admixtures (Lothia, Joshi, 1996) are shows in roar table.

Classification Chemical and

mineralogical Composition Particle Characteristics

Highly Active Pozzolans:-

Condensed SF

Rice Husk Ash:

Normal Pozzolans :-

Low-calcium Fly Ash

Natural Material

Consists essentially of pure

silica

in no crystalline form.

Consist essentially of pure

silica in noncrytalline form.

Mostly silicate glass

containingaluminium, iron,

and alkalis. The small quantity

of crystalline matter present

consist generally of quartz,

mullite, sillimanite, heatic

magnetic.

Extremely fine powder

consisting of solids spheres of

0.1micrometer average

Diameter (about20m2/g

surface area by nitrogen

absorption).

Particles are generally less than

45 micrometer but they are

highly cellular (about 60m2/g

surface area by nitrogen

absorption).

Powder corresponding to 15-

30% particle larger than 45

micrometer(usually 200-300

m2 /kg blain).most particles

are solid spheres of average

20micrometer diameter..

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Weak Pozzolans:-

Slowly-cooled blast

furnace slag bottom

ash, field burnt rice

husk ash.

Besides aluminosilicate glass,

natural pozzolans contain

quartz feldser,mica.

Consists essentially of

crystalline silicate minerals ,

and only a small amount of no

crystalline matter.

Particles are ground to mostly

under 45 micrometer and have

Rough texture.

The material must be

pulverized to very fine particle

size in order to develop some

pozzolonic activity. Ground

particles are rough in texture.

3.2.1 FLY ASH

Fly fiery debris (FA) is a by-result of the burning of pummeled coal in warm power plants. It is evacuated by the

dust gathering frameworks from the fumes gasses of fossil fuel force plants as fine, transcendently round smooth

particles from the ignition gasses before they are released into air. The span of particles is to a great extent reliant on

the kind of dust gathering hardware. Distance across of fly fiery debris particles ranges from under 1 micrometer-

150 micrometer. It is for the most part better than Portland concrete. Their surface territory is commonly 300 to 500

m/kg, albeit some fly cinders can have surface territories as low as 200 m/kg and as high as 700 m/kg. Fly fiery

debris is principally silicate glass containing silica, alumina, iron, and calcium. The relative thickness or particular

gravity of fly slag by and large ranges somewhere around 1.9 and 2.8 and the shading is for the most part dark or

tans (Halstead, 1986). The compound organization of fly powder is controlled by the sorts and relative measures of

incombustible material in the coal utilized. The significant synthetic constituents in fly slag are silica, alumina and

oxides of calcium and iron. As a result of its fineness and pozzolanic and at times self-cementitious nature, fly slag

is broadly utilized as a part of bond and cement.

3.2.2 Classification of Fly Ash

ASTM - C 618-93 categorizes natural pozzolans and fly ashes into the following three categories:

Class N Fly cinder: Crude or calcined common pozzolans, for example, some diatomaceous earths, opaline

chert and shale, stuffs, volcanic fiery remains and pumice come in this classification. Calcined kaolin mud and

laterite shale additionally fall in this classification of pozzolans.

Class F Fly fiery remains: Fly powder regularly delivered from blazing anthracite or bituminous coal falls

in this classification. This class of fly powder shows pozzolanic property however once in a while if any,

cementing toward oneself property.

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Class C Fly cinder: Fly powder typically delivered from lignite or sub- bituminous coal is the main material

included in this class. This class of fly slag has both pozzolanic and fluctuating level of self cementitious

properties. (Most class C fly fiery remains contain more than 15 % CaO. Yet some class C fly fiery remains may

contain as meager as 10

Requirements

Fly Ash Classification

N F C

Chemical Requirements

SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3, min % 70 70 70

SO3, max % 4 5 5

Moisture content, max % 3 3 3

Loss on ignition, max % 10 6 6

Physical Requirements

Amount retained when wet sieved on 450

mm.Sieve, max % 34 34 34

Pozzolanic activity index, with Portland

cement at 28 days, min % of control 75 75 75

Pozzolanic activity index, with lime, at 7

days,min (MPa) 5.5 5.5 -

Water requirement, max % of control 115 105 105

Autoclave expansion or contraction, max

% .8 .8 .8

Specific ravity, max variation from

average. 5 5 5

Percentage retained on 45 sieve, max 5 5 5

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variation,and percentage points from

average.

Table 3.2: Requirements for fly ash and natural pozzolans for use as a mineral admixture in

Portland cement concrete as per ASTM C 618-93.

Sr. No. Characteristics Requirement

(%)

1 Silicon dioxide (SiO2) + aluminium oxide (Al2O3) + iron

oxide (Fe2O3), percent by mass, Min.

70

2 Silicon dioxide (SiO2), percent by mass, Min. 35

3 Magnesium oxide (MgO), percent by mass, Max. 5

4 Total sulphur as sulphur trioxide (SO3), percent by

mass,Max

2.75

5 Available alkalis as sodium oxide (Na2O), percent by mass,

Max.

1.5

6 Loss on Ignition, percent by mass, Max. 12

7 Moisture content, percent by mass 3

Table 3.3: Chemical Requirements

PART 4: LITERATURE REVIEW

4.1 GENERAL

In this chapter the research work concerning to the various application and methods used for testing of the

Self-compacting Concrete made by various cementitious materials and admixtures are discussed. This chapter gives

a comprehensive review of the work carried out by various researchers in the field of Self-compacting Concrete.

4.2 FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES

4.2.1 Workability

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EFNARC (2002) examined that the SCC streams alone under its dead weight up to leveling, affectation out and

combines itself subsequently with no passage of extra compaction vitality and without a nameable isolation.

Because of the high substance of powder, SCC may indicate more plastic shrinkage or drag than conventional

cement blends. These viewpoints ought to consequently be considered amid outlining and determining SCC. Ebb

and flow information of these angles is constrained and this is a territory obliging further research. A solid blend

must be named Compacting toward oneself Cement if the prerequisites for every one of the three attributes are

satisfied.

• Filling Capacity: Capacity of to fill a formwork totally under its own weight.

• Passing Capacity: Capacity to overcome hindrances under its own weight without obstruction. Hindrances are e.g.

support and little openings and so on.

• Isolation Resistance: Homogeneous arrangement of solid amid and after the procedure of transport and pu

Sr.No. Method Property

1 Slump-flow by Abrams

cone

Filling ability

2 T50cm slump flow Filling ability

3 J-ring Passing ability

4 V-funnel Filling ability

5 V-fUnnel at T5minutes Segregation resistance

6 L-box Passing ability

7 U-box Passing ability

8 Fill-box Passing ability

9 GTM screen stability test Segregation resistance

10 Orimet Filling ability

Table 4.1: List of test methods for workability properties of SCC (EFNARC, 2002)

For the initial mix design of SCC all three workability parameters need to be assessed to ensure that all aspects

are fulfilled. These requirements are to be fulfilled at the time of placing. Likely changes in workability during

transport should be taken into account in production. Typical acceptance criteria for Self-compacting Concrete with

a maximum aggregate size up to 20 mm are shown in Table 2.2.

Sr.

No Method Unit

Typical range of

values

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Minimum Maximum

1 Slump flow by Abrams

cone

mm 650 800

2 T50cm slump flow sec 2 5

3 J-ring mm 0 10

4 V-ring sec 6 12

5 Time increase, V-funnel

at T

T 5minutes

sec 0 3

6 L-box (h2/h1) 0.8 1

7 U-box (h2-hi) mm 0 30

8 Fill-box % 90 100

9 GTM Screen stability test % 0 15

10 Orimet sec 0 5

Table 4.2: Acceptance criteria for Self-compacting Concrete (EFNARC, 2002)

In the event that a certain test outcome is out of reach it can have distinctive reasons. The conceivable reason

can be found with more conviction by checking the quality to other test systems and subjectively checking

the workability qualities. Along these lines the best conceivable activity for tackling an issue can be found.

Table 2.3 and Table 2.4 give a rundown of conceivable activities and the impact that for the most part happens

in cement. It is clear that the impact relies on the extent of the activity and on the real workability and creation

of the solid blend. Each activity can have both positive and negative impact on the diverse solid qualities.

On the off chance that the test results between distinctive bunches or burdens shift extensively, the reason

can be the variety of:

Cement attributes

Addition attributes

Grading of Moisture content of aggregates,

Temperature

Mixing procedure

Time of testing

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Table 4.3: Fault-finding for low results (EFNARC, 2002)

Sr.No Method Unit Result less than Possible cause

1 Slumpflow by Abrams

cone

mm 650 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

2 T50cm slumpflow sec 2 b viscosity too low

3 J-ring mm 10 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

d segregation

f blockage

4 V-funnel sec 8 b viscosity too low

5 Increase in V-funnel at

T5min

sec 0.8 g doubtful result

6 L-box (h2/hi) a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

f blockage

7 U-box (h2-hj) mm 0 g false result

8 Fill-box % 90 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

9 Screen stability test % 5 a viscosity too high

f blockage

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Table 4.4: Fault-finding for high results (EFNARC, 2002)

Sr.No Method Unit Result more than Possible cause

1 Slump flow by

Abrams cone

mm 750 b viscosity too low

d segregation

2 T50cm slump flow sec 5 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

3 J-ring mm b viscosity too low

d segregation

4 V-funnel sec 12 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

f blockage

5 Increase in V-funnel at

T5min

sec 3 d segregation

e rapid loss in

workability

f blockage

6 L-box (h2/hi) 1 g false result

7 U-box (h2-hi) mm 30 a viscosity too high

c yield value too high

f blockage

8 Fill-box % 100 g false result

9 Screen stability test % 15 d segregation

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4.3 Test Methods:-Existing Tests for Fresh SCC Mixes:

U-Box test:-

U-Box test: Of the numerous testing routines utilized for assessing compactability toward oneself, the U-sort test

(Fig 4.3.1) proposed by the Taisei gathering is the most proper, because of the little measure of cement utilized,

contrasted with others (Ferraris, 1999). In this test, the level of conservative capacity can be demonstrated by the

stature that the cement comes to in the wake of coursing through hindrances. Concrete with the filling stature of more

than 300 mm can be judged as compacting toward oneself. A few organizations consider the solid compacting toward

oneself if the filling stature is more than 85%of the greatest tallness conceivable.

Fig.4.3 U-box apparatus

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Slump Flow test:

The essential gear utilized is the same with respect to the customary Droop test.

The test system varies from the traditional one by the way that the solid specimen put into the mold is not rodded

and when the droop cone is evacuated the example collapses.The measurement of the spread of the example is

measured, i.e. a level separation is dead set rather than the vertical separation in the traditional Droop test. The Droop

Stream test can give an Evidence as to the consistency, filling capacity and workability of SCC. The SCC is expected

of having a decent filling capacity and consistency if the width of the spread achieves values between 650mm to

800mm.

Fig.4.4 Slump cone

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V-funnel test:

Thickness of the compacting toward oneself solid is gotten by utilizing a V-pipe greatest total distance across is 20

mm. The time for the measure of cement to move through the opening is being measured. In the event that the solid

begins traveling through the hole, it implies that 30 the anxiety is higher than the yield stress; along these lines, this

test measures an esteem that is identified with the thickness. In the event that the solid does not move, it demonstrates

that the yield anxiety is more noteworthy than the heaviness of the volume utilized. A proportionate test utilizing

littler pipes (side of just 5 mm) is utilized for concrete glue as an observational test to focus the impact of concoction

admixtures on the stream of bond glues. Figure has specific measurements, in place for a given measure of cement

to go through an opening (Dietz, Mama, 2000). The measure of cement required is 12litters.

Fig. V-Funnel

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CHAPTER 5: EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME

5.1. GENERAL

The point of the test system is to look at the properties of Compacting toward oneself cement made with Ordinary

cement and with fly fiery debris and GGBFS, utilized as supplementary solidifying material. The essential tests did

on solid examples are talked about in this section, trailed by a brief portrayal about blend condescend and curing

system embraced. Toward the end, the different tests directed on the examples are examined.

5.2. MATERIAL USED

5.2.1. Cement

Bond is a fine, dim powder. It is blended with water and materials, for example, sand, rock, and squashed stone to

make concrete. The bond and water frame a glue that ties alternate materials together as the cement solidifies. The

standard concrete contains two fundamental fixings in particular argillaceous and calcareous. In argillaceous

materials mud prevails and in calcareous materials calcium carbonate prevails. Fundamental piece of bond is

demonstrated in Table 5.1.Table 5.1: Composition limits of Portland cement.

INGREDIENT % CONTENT

CaO (Lime) 60-67

SiO2 (Silica) 17-25

Al2O3 (Alumina) 3-8

Fe2 O3 (Iron Oxide) 0.5-6

MgO (Magnesia) 0.1-4

Alkalies 0.4-1.3

Sulphur 1-3

Grade 43 Ultra Tech bond was utilized for throwing shapes and chambers for every solid blend. The concrete

was of uniform shading i.e. dark with a light greenish shade and was free from any hard bumps. Synopsis of the

different tests led on bond are as under given underneath in Table.

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Table 5.2: Physical Properties of Cement

S.No. Characteristics Values Obtained Standard values

1. Normal Consistency 33% -

2. Initial Setting time 48 min Not be less than 30

minutes

3. Final Setting time 240 min Not be greater than

600 minutes.

4. Fineness 4.8 % <10

5. Specific gravity 3.09 -

Compressive strength:- Cement : Sand (1:3)

1. 3 days 24.5 N/mm2 27 N/mm2

2 7 days 38 N/mm2 41 N/mm2

3. 28 days 45 N/mm2 43 N/mm2

5.2.2. Fine Aggregates

The sand used for the experimental programme was locally procured and conformed to Indian Standard

Specifications IS: 383-1970. The sand was first sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles greater than

4.75 mm and then was washed to remove the dust. Properties of the fine aggregate used in the experimental work

are tabulated in Table. The aggregates were sieved through a set of sieves to obtain sieve analysis and the same is

presented in Table. The fine aggregates belonged to grading zone III.

Table 5.3: Physical Properties of fine aggregates

Sr. No. Characteristics Value

1. Specific gravity 2.46

2. Bulk density 1.4 kg/m3

3. Fineness modulus 2.56 m2/g

4. Water absorption 0.85 %

5. Grading Zone (Based on

percentage passing 0.60 mm)

Zone III

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Table 5.4: Sieve analysis of fine aggregates

Sr. No. Sieve Size Mass

retained

Percentage

Retained

Cumulative

Percentage

Retained

Percent

Passing

1 4.75mm 4.0 g 0.4 0.4 99.6

2 2.36 mm 75.0 g 7.50 7.90 92.1

3 1.18 mm 178.0 g 17.8 25.70 74.3

4 600^m 220.0 g 22.0 47.70 52.3

5 300^m 274.0 g 27.4 75.10 24.9

6 150^m 246.5 g 24.65 99.75 0.25

7 £=256.55

Total weight taken = 1000gm Fineness Modulus of sand = 2.56

5.2.3 Coarse aggregate

The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed as a coarse aggregate. The crushed stone is

generally used as a coarse aggregate. The nature of work decides the maximum size of the coarse aggregate. Locally

available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 10 mm was used in our work. The aggregates were washed

to remove dust and dirt and were dried to surface dry condition. The aggregates were tested as per IS: 3831970. The

results of various tests conducted on coarse aggregate are given in Table 3.5 and Table 3.6 shows the sieve analysis

results.

Table 5.5: Physical Properties of C.A.

Sr. No Characteristics Value

1 Type Crushed

2 Specific Gravity 2.66

3 Total Water Absorption 0.56

4 Fineness Modulus 6.83

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Table 5.6: Sieve Analysis of C.A.

Sr.

No.

Sieve Size Mass

Retained in

gm

Percentage

Retained

Cumulative

Percentage

Retained

Percent

Passing

1 20 mm 0 0 0 100

2 10 mm 2516 83.89 83.87 16.13

3 4.75 mm 474 15.8 99.67 0.33

4 PAN 10 0.33 £= 183.54

Total weight taken = 3Kg

FM of Coarse aggregate = [183.54+500] / 100 = 6.83.

5.2.4 Water

Generally, water that is suitable for drinking is satisfactory for use in concrete. Water from lakes and streams

that contain marine life also usually is suitable. When water is obtained from sources mentioned above, no sampling

is necessary. When it is suspected that water may contain sewage, mine water, or wastes from industrial plants or

canneries, it should not be used in concrete unless tests indicate that it is satisfactory. Water from such sources should

be avoided since the quality of the water could change due to low water or by intermittent tap water is used for

casting.

5.2.5 Supplementary Cement Materials

3.2.5.1. Fly Ash

Class F Fly ash obtained from “________________________was used.

5.2.6 Admixture

Conplast SP430 agrees to IS: 9103:1979 and BS: 5075 Section 3 and ASTM-C-494 Sort "F" as a high range water

decreasing admixture. Conplast SP430 is in light of Sulphonated Napthalene Polymers and is supplied as cocoa

fluid immediately dispersible in water and exceptionally defined to surrender high water decrease to 25%without

loss of workability, Particular gravity 1.22 to 1.225 At 30 °C

34 | P a g e

CHAPTER 6: Trial Mix Design

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN- M----- .

1) CEMENT : 53 GRADE

2) CEMENT IS CONFIRMING TO IS -12269

A DESIGN STIPULATION

1) Characteristic compressive strength required in the N/mm2

field at 28 days

2) Maximum size of aggregate mm

3) Degree of workability

4) Degree of quality control GOOD

5) Type of exposure

B TEST DATA FOR MATERIAL

. 1) Specific gravity of cement 3.15

2) Specific gravity

a) Coarse aggregate -

b) Coarse aggregate-

c) Fine aggregate

3) Dry Bulk Loose Density of Coarse agg.- Kg/m3

Dry Bulk Loose Density of Coarse agg.- Kg/m3

Dry Bulk Loose Density of Fine aggregate Kg/m3

4) Water absorption

a)Coarse aggregate 0.5 %

b)Fine aggregate 1.0 %

5) Free (surface) moisture

a) Coarse aggregate Nil

b) Fine aggregate 2.0 %

6) Sieve analysis

a) Coarse aggregate –

I.S. Sieve size in mm % Passing

40

20

10

4.75

b) Coarse aggregate-

I.S. Sieve size in mm % Passing

20

10

4.75

FINE AGG.

I.S. Sieve size in mm % Passing

4.75

2.36

1.18

35 | P a g e

600 μ

300 μ

150 μ

C TARGET MEAN STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

The target mean strength of for specified characteristics N/mm2

cube strength is ___+ ___ X ____ =_____ N/mm2

D SELECTION OF WATER CEMENT RATIO

From IS-10262 and IS-456 the water cement ratio

required for target mean strength of N/mm2 is

0.__ This is lower than the maximum value of

0.___.Prescribed for “______Exposure”

E SELECTION OF WATER AND SAND CONTENT

From IS-10262 for ___ mm maximum size of aggregate

and sand Confirming to grading Zone-______, water

content per cubic meter of concrete =186 Kg and sand

content as percentage of total aggregate by absolute

volume =35 percent.

For change in value in water cement ratio,

compacting factor and sand belonging to Zone______,

the following adjustment is required :

Change in condition % Adjustment Required

Water content Sand in total

agg.

For decrease in W/C

ratio by ( 0.0 – 0.00)

That is 0.0

For Increase in

Compacting factor

( 0.00 –0.00 )

that is 0.00

For sand confirming

to zone III as per

table –4 IS 383-1970

TOTAL

Therefore required sand content as percentage of of

total aggregate by absolute volume 35-___=_____%

%

Required water content =186+(186x___)/___= Kg/m3

F

DETERMINATION OF CEMENT CONTENT

Water cement ratio

Water Liter

Cement = ______/_____=________ Kg/m3 Say Kg/m3

This cement content is adequate for _______exposure

condition according to IS 456

G DETERMINATION OF COARSE AND FINE

AGGREGATE CONTENT

36 | P a g e

From IS 10262-`82 the specified maximum size of

aggregate ____the amount of entrapped air in the wet

concrete is 2%, Taking this into account and applying

Equation 2 &3.

Coarse aggregate- Kg/m3

Coarse aggregate- Kg/m3

Fine aggregate Kg/m3

H THE MIX PROPORTION

RECOMMENDED MIX

WATER Kg/m3

CEMENT Kg/m3

COARSE AGGREGATE- Kg/m3

COARSE AGGREGATE- Kg/m3

FINE AGGREGATE Kg/m3

I WEIGH BATCH

WATER Kg

CEMENT Kg

COARSE AGGREGATE- Kg

COARSE AGGREGATE- Kg

FINE AGGREGATE Kg

J VOLUME BATCH

WATER Liter

CEMENT Liter

COARSE AGGREGATE- Liter

COARSE AGGREGATE- Liter

FINE AGGREGATE Liter

K IMPORTANT NOTES

1 WATER SHOULD BE POTABLE

2 REQUIRED DEGREE OF QUALITY GOOD

L RESULT OF TRIAL MIX

1 WORKABILITY OF FRESH CONCRETE (C.F.)

2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (7 DAYS) Mpa

37 | P a g e

6.1 MIXTURE PROPORTIONING

Table 6.1: Mix proportions of SCC

Mixture

ID

Cement FA Fly

Ash

in

Sand C.A Water

w/p SP SP

(kg/m3) (kg/m3) (%) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (%)

CM 550 - - 910 590 252 0.45 9.0 1.64

SCC1 465 85 15 910 590 228 0.41 10.73 1.95

SCC2 415 135 25 910 590 233.3 0.42 9.91 1.80

SCC3 355 195 35 910 590 242 0.44 9.91 1.80

Where, CM = Control Blend,

W/p = Water/ Powder (concrete + SCM)

SCC1 = Compacting toward oneself Cement with 15 % FA as concrete substitution.

SCC2 = Compacting toward oneself Cement with 25 % FA as concrete substitution.

SCC3 = Compacting toward oneself Cement with 35 % FA as concrete substitution.

FA = Fly fiery debris

CA = Coarse totals

SP = Super plasticizer

38 | P a g e

6.2 Outcome Talk: Compressive Quality

So as to study the impact on compressive quality when fly slag is included into toward oneself

compacting solid as concrete substitution, the shape containing diverse extent of fly cinder were

arranged and kept for curing for 7, 28 and 56 days. The test was directed on ASTM of limit 3000

KN. From the outcomes (Table 4.2) it is reasoned that the 56 days quality of every last one of blends

is constantly higher than relating 7 days and 28 days quality, this is because of ceaseless hydration

of bond with cement.

Table 6.2: Compressive strength of SCC mixes.

MIX Compressive Strength (N/mm2)

Average Compressive

Strength(N/mm2)

7 days 28days 56 days 7 days 28 days 56 days

SCC1

(15% FA)

19 27.5 36.5

18.9 27.0 38.9 18.4 26.9 38.7

19.3 28.7 39.2

SCC2

(25% FA)

16.1 24.7 33.7

17.2 24.0 32.9 16.7 23.6 31.4

18.5 24.6 32.4

SCC3

(35% FA)

15.6 22.7 29.7

14.4 22.9 29.6 14.6 22.9 30.0

13.5 21.2 27.8

CM

20.2 28.4 36.1

20.5 28.7 33.5 23.5 29.5 31.0

18 28.7 32.1

Effect of percentage of Fly ash on compressive strength of self-compacting concreteThe compressive strength

tests results of SCC mixes are given in Table.

With the increment in fly fiery debris content from 15-35%, SCC blends created compressive qualities

39 | P a g e

somewhere around 18.9 and 13.9 MPa at 7 days; somewhere around 27.7 and 20.8 at 28 days; somewhere around

38.13 and 26.63 at 56 days. The compressive quality expanded with a reduction in the rate of the fly cinder and the

water-to-cementitious materials degree. An increment of around 24% quality at 28 days and 30% at 56 days was

seen with the abatement of fly slag content from 35% (SCC3) to 15% (SCC1).

CONCLUSION….

In light of this study on SCC taking after conclusions are Conveyed out… ..

1. As no particular blend plan systems for SCC are accessible blend configuration could be possible

with ordinary technique and suitable conformities can be done as every the rules gave by EFNARCH

(Rule For SCC)

2. Trail blends have to be made for keeping up stream capacity, closeness toward oneself and

deterrent freedom.

Final Mix: SCC With 15% FA.

Compressive Strength of hardened concrete after 7 days = 18.9 N/mm2

Compressive Strength of hardened concrete after 28 days = 27.0 N/mm2

Compressive Strength of hardened concrete after 56 days = 38.9N/mm2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

SCC1 SCC2 SCC3

Comp. Strength at various ages

7 days 28 days 56 days

40 | P a g e

PART: 7 Aim of this Project

In present situation there is a more noteworthy requirement for compacting toward oneself solid because of

ailment of part and structural prerequisite, additionally to enhance sturdiness of the structure.

Presently the world is going to confronting more noteworthy need of superior solid, strength perspective and

SCC where the ordinary method for compacting may not be constantly helpful under distinctive site condition. So

as opposed to striving for the customary solid let us blend the solid compacting all alone which is called as

compacting toward oneself cement. Presently because of industrialization there is more noteworthy increment in the

foundry movement in at around Ahmedabad, Surat & Rajkot region. There is colossal measure of Modern waste is

created consistently and dumped on the ground it is danger environment.

This waste is utilized for dumping for filling the low lying ranges bringing on nature in weakening in long

run, so this blend ought to be utilized for the development movement it will diminish the issue of ecological

contamination in the meantime it lessens the expense of the development and include it makes the solid high

performing from the toughness perspective. So from these three focuses the venture is under taken. Yielding that

perspective we can utilize that modern waste material as supplementary material in cement.

41 | P a g e

Reference

M. S. SHETTY Concrete Technology, by S. CHAND Publisher.

EFNARC (www.efnarc.org)

SUBRAMNIAN. S. CHATTOPADHYAY. D. "Experiments for mix- proportioning of self-

compacting concrete", The Indian Concrete Journal, Jan 2002.

Indian Standard Codes for Concrete & Guidelines.

CHAMPION, J. M. and JOST, P., 'Self-compacting concrete: Expanding the possibility of Concrete Design and

Placement', Concrete International, Vol.22, No.4, pp. 159-178, June 1998.

HEINE, HANS J. "Saving Dollars Through Sand Reclamation - Part 1,” Foundry Management and Technology.

(May, 1983), pp.

HENDERSON, N. "Self-compacting concrete at Millenium point", CONCRETE, vol.34, No. 4, April 2000, pp.26-

27.

KAMESWARA RAO, C.V.S (1983) "Analysis of Some Common Workability Tests". Indian Concrete Journal.

KATHY STANFIELD, "Self-compacting concrete a Growth area", The Str.Engg., Vol. 76, Nos 23 and 24

NAGATAKI, S. and FUJIWARA, H. "Self-compacting property of Highly-Flowable Concrete" ICI Journal

July-September 2002.

KLAUS HOLSCHEMACHER, "Structural Aspects of Self- compacting concrete", NBM & CW, July 2002

MAHINDRAKAR A.B. Research work Study on Red Mud by, KLESCET, Belgaum, 1999 .

MEHTA, P.K., 'Concrete structure: Properties and materials', Prentice Hall, 1986. ICI Journal July-Sep 2002.

MICHEAL J. CAMPION and PHILLIPPE JOST, "Self-compacting concrete", Concrete Int. 2000.

OKAMURA (1997), "Self-Compacting High Performance concrete", Concrete International, Vol. 19, No. 7

GIC Patent Drafting Exercise Team ID:

FORM 1

THE PATENTS ACT 1970

(39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF PATENT

(FOR OFFICE USE ONLY)

Application No:

Filing Date:

Amount of Fee paid:

CBR No:

GTU Innovation CouncilPatent Drafting Exercise (PDE)

14962

1. Applicant(s) :

ID Name Nationality Address Mobile No. Email

Sahil

Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9033335662 sahil_mathakiya

@yahoo.com

Indian1

Mitul

Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9904989529 mitulgajjar1@gm

ail.com

Indian2

Prashant

Popatbhaai

Garnara

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9723351633 garnara.prashant

1990@gmail.com

Indian3

Pratap

Merubhai

Odedra

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9099921699 pratapodedra143

@yahoo.com.au

Indian4

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

These documents are not to be submitted with any patent office.Note :

Page 1 of 5

2. Inventor(s):

Mobile No. Email AddressNationalityNameID

Sahil Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya

Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering,

Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9033335662 sahil_mathakiya

@yahoo.com

Indian1

Mitul

Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya

Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering,

Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9904989529 mitulgajjar1@g

mail.com

Indian2

Prashant

Popatbhaai

Garnara

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya

Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering,

Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9723351633 garnara.prasha

nt1990@gmail.

com

Indian3

Pratap Merubhai

Odedra

Civil Engineering

<br/>Vyavasayi

Vidya

Pratishthan's

Sanch. College Of

Engineering,

Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat

Technologycal

University.

9099921699 pratapodedra14

3@yahoo.com.

au

Indian4

3. Title of Invention/Project:

Experimental Study On “Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)” By Using Admixture & Industrial Waste

4. Address for correspondence of applicant/authorized patent agent in india

Name:

Address:

Mobile:

Email ID:

Sahil Yunusbhai Mathakiya

Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot <br/>Gujarat Technological University.

9033335662

sahil_mathakiya@yahoo.com

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Page 2 of 5

5. Priority particulars of the application(S) field in convention country

Name of the Applicant Title of the InventionFiling DateApplication No.Country

N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A

6. Particulars for filing patent co-operation treaty (pct) national phase Application

International application number International filing date as alloted by the receiving office

N/A N/A

7. Particulars for filing divisional application

Original(First) Application Number Date of filing of Original (first) application

N/A N/A

8. Particulars for filing patent of addition

Original(First) Application Number Date of filing of Original (first) application

N/A N/A

9. DECLARATIONS:

(i) Declaration by the inventor(s)

I/We, the above named inventor(s) is/are true & first inventor(s) for this invention and declare that the

applicant(s).

herein is/are my/our assignee or legal representative.

Date : 24 - April - 2015

Signature & DateName

1 Sahil Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

2 Mitul Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

3 Prashant Popatbhaai

Garnara

4 Pratap Merubhai

Odedra

(ii) Declaration by the applicant(s) in the convention country

I/We, the applicant(s) hereby declare(s) that:-

(iii) Declaration by the applicant(s)

I/We, the applicant (s) in the convention country declare that the applicant(s) herein is/are my/our

assignee or legal representative.applicant(s)

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

These documents are not to be submitted with any patent office.Note :

Page 3 of 5

I am/We in possession of the above mentioned invention.

The provisional/complete specification relating to the invention is filed with this aplication.

The invention as disclosed in the spcification uses the biological material from India and the necessary

permission from the competent authority shall be submitted by me/us before the grant of patent to me/us.

There is no lawful ground of objection to the grant of the patent to me/us.

I am/we are the assignee or the legal representative of true & first inventors.

The application or each of the application,particulars of each are given in the para 5 was the first applicatin in

the convention country/countries in respect of my/our invention.

The application or each of the application,particulars of each are given in the para 5 was the first applicatin in

the convention country/countries in respect of my/our invention.

I/we claim the priority from the above mentioned applications(s) filed in the convention country/countries &

state that no application for protection in respect of invention had been made in a convention country before

that date by me/us or by any person

My/Our application in india is based on international application under Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) as

mentioned in para 6

The application is divided out of my/our application(s) particulars of which are given in para 7 and pray that

this application may be treated as deemed to have been filed on ___________under section 16 of the Act.

The said invention is an improvement in or modification of the invention particulars of ehivh are given in para

8.

(a) Provisional specification/Complete specification

(b) Complete specification(In confirmation with the international application) / as amended before the

international Preliminary Examination Authority (IPEA),as applicable(2 copies),No.of pages.....No.of

claims.....

(c) Drawings (In confirmation with the international application)/as amended before the international

Preliminary Examination Authority(IPEA),as applicable(2 copies),No.of sheets....

(d) Priority documents

(e) Translations of priority documents/specification/international search reports

(f) Statement and undertaking on Form 3

(g) Power of Authority

(h) Declaration of inventorship on Form 5

(i) Sequence listing in electronic Form

(j) ........................................ Fees Rs.XXX in Cash /Cheque/Bank Draft bearin No.XXX Date: XXX on XXX

Bank.

10. Following are the attachments with the application:

I/We hereby declare that to the best of my /our knowledge, information and belief the fact and mtters stated

herein are correct and I/We request that a patent may be granted to me/us for the said invention.Dated this 24 day of April , 2015

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

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Page 4 of 5

Name Signature & Date

1 Sahil Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

2 Mitul Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

3 Prashant Popatbhaai

Garnara

4 Pratap Merubhai

Odedra

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

These documents are not to be submitted with any patent office.Note :

Page 5 of 5

GIC Patent Drafting Exercise Team ID:

FORM 2

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970

(39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION

14962

1. Title of the project/invention :

Experimental Study On “Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)” By Using Admixture & Industrial Waste

Sahil Yunusbhai Mathakiya , ( Indian )

Address :Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

Mitul Jagadishbhai Pansiniya , ( Indian )

Address :Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

Prashant Popatbhaai Garnara , ( Indian )

Address :Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

Pratap Merubhai Odedra , ( Indian )

Address :Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

2. Applicant(s) :

3. Preamble to the description :

The following specification describes the invention.

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

These documents are not to be submitted with any patent office.Note :

Page 1 of 4

4. Description :

a. Field of Application / Project / Invention :

-Concrete Technology

b. Prior Art / Background of the Invention / References :

-On Self Compacting Concrete

c. Summary of the Invention/Project :

Placing concrete in form-work with congested reinforcement it is difficult to vibration. Because of

that concrete may not

fill properly and voids are creates so that structure cannot get proper strength. And also by

industrialization in cities

disposal or dumping of its waste material is major problem by using industrial waste as admixture

this problem can be

solve.

d. Objects of the Invention/Project :

1)Concreting in congested reinforcement, 2)Disposal of industrial waste

e. Drawing(s) :

f. Description of the Invention

Self-Compacting Concrete is an innovative concrete that does not required mechanical vibration for

placing and

compaction. It is able to flow under its own weight, completely filling formwork and achieving full

compaction, even in

the presence of congested reinforcement. Experimental study is that admixtures are replaced by

various percentages

for Portland cement and performance is measured and compared. Mineral materials are industrial

waste which can be

used as admixture to PPC; also reduce CO2 emissions by the use of less cement.

g. Examples

h. Unique Features of the Project

1

5. Date & Signature :

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Page 2 of 4

Date : 24 - April - 2015

Sign and Date

Sahil Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

Sign and Date

Mitul Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

Sign and Date

Prashant Popatbhaai

Garnara

Sign and Date

Pratap Merubhai

Odedra

6. Abstract of the project / invention :

A self-compacting concrete (SCC) is the one that can be placed in the form and can go through

obstructions by its own

weight and without the need of vibration. Since its first development in Japan in 1988, SCC has gained

wider acceptance

in Japan, Europe and USA due to its inherent distinct advantages. The major advantage of this method is

that SCC

technology offers the opportunity to minimize or eliminate concrete placement problems in difficult

conditions. It avoids

having to repeat the same kind of quality control test on concrete, which consumes both time and labor .

Construction and

placing becomes faster & easier. It eliminates the need for vibration & reducing the noise pollution. It

improves the filling

capacity of highly congested structural members.

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Page 3 of 4

Drawing Attachments :

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GIC Patent Drafting Exercise Team ID:

FORM 3

THE PATENTS ACT, 1970

(39 OF 1970)

&

THE PATENTS RULES, 2003

STATEMENT AND UNDERTAKING UNDER SECTION 8

14962

1. Declaration :Sahil Yunusbhai Mathakiya , Mitul Jagadishbhai Pansiniya , Prashant Popatbhaai Garnara , Pratap Merubhai Odedra ,

I/We,

Sahil Yunusbhai Mathakiya ( Indian )

Address : Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat Technologycal University.

Mitul Jagadishbhai Pansiniya ( Indian )

Address : Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat Technologycal University.

Prashant Popatbhaai Garnara ( Indian )

Address : Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat Technologycal University.

Pratap Merubhai Odedra ( Indian )

Address : Civil Engineering <br/>Vyavasayi Vidya Pratishthan's Sanch. College Of Engineering, Rajkot

<br/>Gujarat Technologycal University.

2. Name, Address and Nationality of the joint Applicant :

Name of the

Country

Date of

Application

Application

Number

Status of the

Application

Date of

Publication

Date of

Grant

N/A N/A N/A N/AN/AN/A

(i) that I/We have not made any application for the same/substantially the same

invention outside India.

(ii) that the right in the application(s) has/have been assigned to,

Here by declare:

(iii) that I/We undertake that up to the date of grant of patent by the Controller , I/We

would keep him inform in writing the details regarding corresponding application(s)

for patents filed outside India within 3 months from the date of filing of such

application.

Dated this 24 day of April , 2015.

3. Signature of Applicants :

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Page 1 of 2

Sign and Date

Sahil Yunusbhai

Mathakiya

Sign and Date

Mitul Jagadishbhai

Pansiniya

Sign and Date

Prashant Popatbhaai

Garnara

Sign and Date

Pratap Merubhai Odedra

To

The Controller of Patent

The Patent Office, at Mumbai.

This is just a mock Patent Drafting Exercise (PDE) for semester 8, BE students of GTU.

These documents are not to be submitted with any patent office.Note :

Page 2 of 2