Project Report Pmc Edited

8/12/2019 Project Report Pmc Edited

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POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES

Gulam Ahmed Furqan

Shafiq Ahmed Shahbaz

Dear!men! "f Aer"#a$e En%ineerin%& Embr'(Riddle Aer"nau!i$al )ni*er#i!'Da'!"na +ea$h& FL ( ,-../

Abstract

Thi# r"0e$! re"r! $"*er# !he reliminar' re#ear$h lan in !he br"ad area "f P"l'mer Ma!ri1

$"m"#i!e# u#ed in !he aer"#a$e indu#!r'2 Fir#!l'& i! $"*er# !he li!era!ure #ur*e' in !hi# field b'

f"$u#in% "n i!# ba$3%r"und& r"%re## and $urren! #!a!u#4 !he #ummar' "f 5hi$h had been

men!i"ned a# !he r"0e$! r"$eed#2 La!er "n 5e f"$u# "n i!# $"n#!i!uen!#& reinf"r$emen!#&in!erfa$in%& de#i%n and r"$e##in%2 Finall' 5e deal 5i!h !he ali$a!i"n# and mar3e!# f"ll"5ed

b' !he fu!ure !rend# "f !he "l'mer ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e#2

Research Objective

In !hi# re#ear$h r"0e$! 5e r""#e a !"i$ !ha! i# !" be $arried "u! f"r !he !he#i#2 A #!ud' "n !he

hi#!"r' "f P"l'mer ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e# i# $arried "u!& 5here !he hi#!"r'& de*el"men! and !he

$urren! #!a!u# "f !he area "f PMC6# are $"*ered2 Thi# i# "b#er*ed m"re in de!h in "rder !" $arr'

"u! re#ear$h f"r a !he#i#2 7i!hin "l'mer ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e#& !here are *ari"u# #ub !"i$# f"r

re#ear$h !ha! ma' be l""3ed in!"2 The#e in$lude

De#i%n& Pr"$e##in% and !e#!in%2

Pr"er!ie#

Ali$a!i"n#

Introduction

P"l'mer ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e# 8PMC#9 are $"mri#ed "f a *arie!' "f #h"r! "r $"n!inu"u#

fiber# b"und !"%e!her b' an "r%ani$ "l'mer ma!ri12 )nli3e a $erami$ ma!ri1

$"m"#i!e 8CMC9& in 5hi$h !he reinf"r$emen! i# u#ed rimaril' !" imr"*e !he fra$!ure

!"u%hne##& !he reinf"r$emen! in a PMC r"*ide# hi%h #!ren%!h and #!iffne##2 The PMC i#

de#i%ned #u$h !ha!& !he me$hani$al l"ad# !" 5hi$h !he #!ru$!urei# #ub0e$!ed in #er*i$e are


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#u"r!edb' !he reinf"r$emen!2 The fun$!i"n "f !he ma!ri1 i# !"b"nd !he fiber# !"%e!her

and !" !ran#fer l"ad# be!5een!hem2

P"l'mer ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e# are "f!en di*ided in!" !5" $a!e%"rie#: reinf"r$ed la#!i$#& andad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#2The di#!in$!i"n i# ba#ed "n!he le*el "f me$hani$alr"er!ie# 8u#uall'#!ren%!h and #!iffne##94 h"5e*er& !here i# n" unambi%u"u# line #eara!in% !he !5"2 Reinf"r$ed

la#!i$#& 5hi$h are rela!i*el'ine1en#i*e& !'i$all' $"n#i#!"f"l'e#!er re#in# reinf"r$ed

5i!h l"5(#!iffne## %la## fiber#2 Ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#& 5hi$h ha*e been in u#e f"r "nl'

ab"u! .; 'ear#& rimaril' in !he aer"#a$e indu#!r'& $"n#i#! "f fiber and ma!ri1

$"mbina!i"n# !ha! 'ield #ueri"r #!ren%!h and #!iffne##2 The' are rela!i*el' e1en#i*e and

!'i$all' $"n!ain a lar%e er$en!a%e "f hi%h(erf"rman$e $"n!inu"u# fiber#& #u$h a# hi%h(

#!iffne## %la## 8S(%la##9& %rahi!e& aramid& "r "!her "r%ani$ fiber#2 Thi# a##e##men!

rimaril'f"$u#e# "n mar3e!""r!uni!ie# f"r ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#

Literature Survey

HISTORY OF PMC

In .@2; bil( li"n2 +' !he 'ear -???&

$"n#um!i"n i# f"re$a#! !" be -?? milli"n "und#& *alued a! ab"u! >.-billi"n2

+a#ed "n !he#e f"re$a#!#& i! i# e*iden! !ha! !he $urren! and near(!erm $"#! er "und "f ad*an$ed

$"m"#i!e #!ru$!ure i# r"u%hl' >@? er "und2 Thi# $"mare#5i!h a *alue "f ab"u! >.

er "und f"r #!eel "r >.2;? er "und f"r %la## fiber(rein( f"r$ed la#!i$ 8FRP92 If !he#e

f"re$a#!# are $"rre$!& i! i# $lear !ha! "*er !hi# eri"d 8!" !he 'ear -???9& ad*an$ed

$"m"#i!e# 5ill be u#ed rimaril' in hi%h *alue(added ali$a!i"n# !ha! $an #u"r! !hi#

le*el "f ma!erial $"#!#2 "5e*er& u#e "f PMC# $an lead !" $"#! #a*in%# in manufa$!urin%

and #er*i$e2 Thu#& !heer "und $"#! i# rarel' a u#eful #!andard f"r $"marin% PMC# 5i!h

!radi!i"nal ma!erial#2


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In !he 'ear .


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$"mmer$ial PMC# $an be $la##ified a# ei!her !herm"#e! "r !herm"la#!i$2 The %eneral

$hara$!eri#!i$# "f ea$h ma!ri1 !'eare #h"5n in fi%ure .2.4 h"5e*er& re$en!l' de*el"ed

ma!ri1 re#in# ha*e be%un!" $han%e !hi#i$!ure& a# n"!ed bel"52

Ther!osets

Therm"#e!!in% re#in# in$lude "l'e#!er#& *in'l( e#!er#& e"1ie#& bi#maleimide#& and

"l'amide#2 Therm"#e!!in% "l'e#!er# are $"mm"nl' u#ed in fiber(reinf"r$ed la#!i$#&

ande"1ie# ma3e u m"#! "f !he $urren!mar3e! f"r ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# re#in#2 Ini!iall'&

!he *i#$"#i!' "f !he#e re( #in# i# l"54 h"5e*er& !herm"#e! re#in# under%" $hemi$al

rea$!i"n# !ha! $r"##lin3 !he "l'mer $hain# and !hu# $"nne$! !he en!ire ma!ri1

!"%e!her in a !hree(dimen#i"nal ne!5"r32 Thi# r"$e## i# $alled $urin%2 Therm"#e#&

be$au#e "f !heir !hree(dimen#i"nal $r"## lin3ed #!ru$!ure& !end !" ha*e hi%h dimen#i"nal

#!abili!'& hi%h(!emera!ure re#i#!an$e and %""d re#i#!an$e !" #"l*en!#2

Ther!o#astics

Therm"la#!i$ re#in#& #"me!ime# $alled en%ineerin% la#!i$#& in$lude #"me "l'e#!er#&

"l'e!herimide& "l'amide imide& "l'hen'lene #ulfide& "l'e!her(e!her3e!"ne 8PEEH9&

and liquid $r'#!al "l'mer#2 The' $"n#i#! "f l"n%& di#$re!e m"le$ule# !ha! mel! !"a *i#$"u#liquid a! !he r"$e##in% !emera!ure af!er f"rmin%& are $""led !" an am"rh"u#&

#emi$r'#!alline& "r $r'#!alline #"lid2 The de%ree "f $r'#!allini!' ha# a #!r"n% effe$! "n !he

final ma!ri1 r"er!ie#2 )nli3e !he $urin% r"$e## "f !herm"#e!!in% re#in#& !her"$e##in% "f

!herm"la#!i$# i# re*er#ible& and& b' #iml' rehea!in% !" !he r"$e## !emera!ure& !he re#in

$an be f"rmed in!" an"!her #hae if de#ired2 Therm"la#!i$#& al!h"u%h %enerall'

inferi"r !" !herm"#e# in hi%h(!emera!ure #!ren%!h and $hemi$al #!abili!'& are m"re

re#i#!an! !" $ra$3in%and ima$! dama%e2 "5e*er& i! #h"uld be n"!ed !ha! re$en!l' de*el"edhi%h(erf"rman$e !herm"la#!i$#& #u$h a# PEEH& 5hi$h ha*e a #emi( $r'#!alline

mi$r"#!ru$!ure& e1hibi! e1$ellen! hi%h( !emera!ure #!ren%!h and #"l*en! re#i#!an$e2

Curren!l'& !herm"la#!i$# are u#ed rimaril'5i!h di#$"n!inu"u#fiber reinf"r$emen!# #u$h a#

$h"ed %la## "r $arb"nG%rahi!e2 Therm"la#!i$# $"uld be u#ed in la$e "f e"1ie# in !he

$"m"#i!e #!ru$!ure "f !he ne1! %enera!i"n"f fi%h!erair$raf!2


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Reinforce!ent

The $"n!inu"u# reinf"r$in% fiber# "f ad*an$ed$"m"#i!e# are re#"n#ible f"r !heir hi%h #!ren%!h

and #!iffne##2 The m"#! im"r!an! fiber# in $urren! u#e are E(%la##& S(%la##& $arb"n%rahi!e&

and aramid2 O!her "r%ani$ fiber#& #u$h a# "rien!ed "l'e!h'lene& are al#" be$"min%

im"r!an!2 PMC# $"n!ain ab"u! @? er$en!reinf"r$in% fiber b' *"lume2 The #!ren%!hand #!iffne## "f #"me $"n!inu"u#fiber( reinf"r$ed PMC# are $"mared5i!h !h"#e "f#hee!

m"ldin% $"m"und and *ari"u# me!al# in fi%ure .2-2 F"r in#!an$e& unidire$!i"nal& hi%h(

#!ren%!h %rahi!eGe"1' ha# "*er !hree !ime# !he #e$ifi$ #!ren%!h and #!iffne## 8#e$ifi$

r"er!ie#are "rdinar'r"er!ie# di*ided b'den#i!'9 "f $"mm"n me!al all"'#2

Of !he $"n!inu"u#fiber#& %la## ha# a rela!i*el' l"5 #!iffne##2Onl' 5hen#!iffne## "r 5ei%h!

i# a!a remium 5"uld aramid and %rahi!e fiber# be u#ed2

Inter#hase

The in!erha#e "f PMC# i# !he re%i"n in 5hi$h l"ad# are !ran#mi!!ed be!5een !hereinf"r$emen! and !he ma!ri12 The e1!en! "f in!era$!i"n be!5een !he reinf"r$emen! and !he

ma!ri1 i# a de#i%n *ariable& and i! ma' *ar' fr"m #!r"n% $hemi$al b"ndin% !" 5ea3 fri$!i"nal

f"r$e#2 Thi# $an "f!en be $"n!r"lled b' u#in% an ar"ria!e $"a!in% "n !he reinf"r$in%

fiber#


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Pro#erties of Poy!er Matri" Co!#osites

The r"er!ie# "f !he PMC deend "n !he ma!ri1& !he reinf"r$emen!& and !he in!erha#e2

C"n#equen!l'& !here are man' *ariable# !" $"n#ider5hen de#i%nin% a PMC2 The#e in$lude

n"! "nl' !he !'e# "f ma!ri1 and reinf"r$emen!bu! al#" !heir rela!i*e r""r!i"n#& !he

%e"me!r' "f !he reinf"r$emen!& and !he na!ure "f !he in!erha#e2 Ea$h "f !he#e *ariable#

mu#! be $arefull' $"n!r"lled !"r"du$e a #!ru$!ural ma!erial "!imizedf"r !he $"ndi!i"n#f"r

5hi$hi! i# !" be u#ed2

7hen di#$"n!inu"u# fiber# "r ar!i$le# are u#ed f"r reinf"r$emen!& !he r"er!ie# !end !" be

m"re i#"!r"i$ be$au#e !he#e reinf"r$emen!# !end !" be rand"ml' "rien!ed& Su$h PMC#

la$3 !he "u!#!andin% #!ren%!h "f $"n!inu"u#(fiber PMC#&bu! !he' $an be r"du$ed m"re

$heal'& u#in% !he !e$hn"l"%ie# de*el"ed f"r unreinf"r$ed la#!i$#& #u$h a# e1!ru#i"n&

in0e$!i"n m"ldin%& and $"mre##i"n m"ldin%2 The $"mle1i!' "f ad*an$ed$"m"#i!e# $an

$"mli$a!e a $"mari#"n "f r"er!ie# 5i!h $"n*en!i"nal ma!erial#2 Pr"er!ie# #u$h a#

#e$ifi$ #!ren%!h are rela!i*el' ea#' !" $"mare2 Ad*an$ed$"m"#i!e# ha*e hi%her #e$ifi$

#!ren%!h# and #!iffne##6# !han me!al#& a# #h"5n in fi%ure .2-2 In man' $a#e#& h"5e*er&

r"er!ie# !ha! are ea#il' defined in me!al# are le## ea#il' defined in ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#2

T"u%hne## i# #u$h ar"er!'2 In me!al#& 5herein !he d'nami$#"f $ra$3r"a%a!i"n and

failure are rela!i*el' 5ell under#!""d& !"u%hne## $an be defined rela!i*el' ea#il'2 Shear and

$"mre##i"n r"er!ie# "f ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# are al#"""rl' defined2 An"!her re#ul! "f

!he $"mle1i!' "f PMC# i# !ha! !he me$hani$alr"er!ie# are hi%hl' in!erdeenden!2 Ima$!dama%e $an #eri"u#l' redu$e !he $"mre##i*e #!ren%!h "f PMC#2 C"mre##i*e and #hear

r"er!ie# $an be #een !" rela!e #!r"n%l' !" !he !"u%hne## "f !he ma!ri1& and !" !he #!ren%!h

"f !he in!erfa$ial b"nd be!5een ma!ri1 and fiber2

$esi%n and Processin%

Gi*en !he #e$!rum "f ma!ri1 and reinf"r$emen! ma!erial# a*ailable& r"er!ie# $an be

"!imized f"r a #e$ifi$ ali$a!i"n2 An ad*an$ed$"m"#i!e $an be de#i%ned !" ha*e zer"

$"effi$ien! "f !hermal e1an#i"n2 I! $an be reinf"r$ed 5i!h $"mbina!i"n# "f fiber ma!erial#

8h'brid PMC#9 and %e"me!rie# !" ma1imize erf"rman$e and minimize $"#!2 The de#i%n

""r!uni!ie# "f PMC ma!erial# are "nl' be%innin% !" be realized2 The en"rm"u# de#i%n

fle1ibili!' "f ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# i# "b!ained a! !he $"#! "f a lar%e number "f unfamiliarde#i%n *ariable#2 "5e*er& !he $a!e%"rie# "f me$hani$al and h'#i$al r"er!ie# u#ed !"

$hara$!erize PMC# are $arried"*er fr"m l"n% en%ineerin% e1erien$e 5i!h me!al#2 A ma0"r

need in ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# !e$hn"l"%' i# a be!!er $aabili!' f"r m"delin% #!ru$!ure (


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r"er!' rela!i"n#hi#2 PMC #!ru$!ure# are e1!en#i*el' !e#!ed bef"re u#e& en#urin% !ha! an'

"!en!ial r"blem# #h"5 u durin% !he !e#!#2 Thu#& !he PMC ma!erial# !hem#el*e# ha*e

been r"*en& in !he #en#e !ha! #!ru$!ure# $anbe fabri$a!ed !ha! are reliable and mee! all

de#i%n $ri!eria2 "5e*er&b"!h "*erde#i%n and emiri$al !e#!in% are $"#!l' and dri*e u

!he ri$e# "f PMC#2 Thu#& a rin$ialbenefi! "f enhan$ed m"delin% $aabili!' 5illbe !"

hel ma3e ad*an$ed$"m"#i!e# m"re $"#!( $"me!i!i*e2

Manufacturin%

Gi*en !he man'differen! fiber# and ma!ri$e# fr"m 5hi$hPMC# $anbe made& !he #ub0e$!

"f PMC manufa$!urin% i# ane1!remel' br"ad "ne2 "5e*er& m"re !han an' "!her #in%le

area& l"5( $"#! manufa$!urin% !e$hn"l"%ie# are requiredbef"re ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#

$an be u#ed m"re 5idel'2 The ba#i$ #!e# in$lude: . 9 imre%na!i"n "f !he fiber 5i!h !he

re#in& -9 f"rmin% "f !he #!ru$!ure& ,9 $urin% 8!herm"#e! ma!ri$e#9 "r !hermalr"$e##in%8!herm"la#!i$ ma!ri$e#9& and /9 fini#hin%2Deendin% "n !he r"$e##& !he#e #!e# ma'

"$$ur #eara!el' "r $"n!inu"u#l'2 F"r in#!an$e& !he #!ar!in% ma!erial f"r man' PMC# i# a

rere%4 i2e2& a fiber !ae "r $l"!h !ha! ha# beenre imre%na!ed 5i!h re#in and ar!iall'

$ured2 In ul!ru#i"n& b' $"n!ra#!& imre%na!i"n& f"rmin%& and $urin% are d"ne in "ne

$"n!inu"u# r"$e## In !he aer"#a$e #e$!"r& ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e #!ru$!ure# are

$"mm"nl' fabri$a!ed b' !he #l"5 and lab"r(in!en#i*e r"$e## "f hand la'(u "f

rere% !ae#2 and la'(u in*"l*e# la$emen! "f #hee!# "r !ae# "frere% "n a !""l

8!he $"n( !"ured #urfa$e !ha! define# !he #hae "f !he fini#hed ar!92 6Be5& m"re

au!"ma!ed r"$e##e# are n"5 a*ailable !ha! "ffer drama!i$ in$rea#e# in r"du$!i*i!' "*er

hand la'(u2 Oner"0e$! under5a' in( h"u#e a! an airframe manufa$!urer$an la' u !".?? fee! "f , "r @ in$h 5ide rere% !ae er minu!e& in $"mle1 #hae# "f *ariable

!hi$3ne##2

A##ications and Mar&ets

PMC# area i# a m"re ma!ure !e$hn"l"%' !han #!ru$!ural $erami$#2 7i!h !he e1erien$e %ained

in mili!ar' ali$a!i"n# #u$h a# fi%h!er air$raf! and r"$3e! m"!"r $a#in%#be%innin% in

!he .


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Aeros#ace

The aer"#a$e indu#!r' i# e#!ima!ed !" $"n#ume ab"u! =?er$en! "f ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#

r"du$!i"n in !he )ni!edS!a!e#2Gr"5!h r"0e$!i"n# f"r aer"#a$e u#a%e "f ad*an$ed

$"m"#i!e# ha*e ran%ed fr"m ,? er$en! er 'ear !" ;?er$en! er 'ear are u#ed

e1!en#i*el' !"da' in #mall mili!ar' air( $raf!& mili!ar' and $"mmer$ial r"!"r$raf!& andr"!"!'e bu#ine## air$raf!2 The ne1! ma0"r air$raf! mar3e! ""r!uni!' f"r ad*an$ed

$"m"#i!e# i# in lar%e mili!ar' and $"mmer$ial !ran#"r! air$raf!2 The rimar' ma!ri1 ma!erial#

u#ed in aer"#a$e ali$a!i"n# are e"1ie#& and !he m"#! $"mm"n reinf"r$emen!# are

$arb"nG%rahi!e& aramid 8e2%2& Du P"n!6# He*lar9& and hi%h(#!iffne## %la## fiber#2 "5e*er&

hi%h(!emera!ure !herm"la#!i$##u$h a# PEEH are $"n#ideredb' man' !" be !he ma!ri$e#

"f $h"i$e f"r fu!ure aer"#a$e ali$a!i"n#2

Miitary Aircraft

Ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# ha*e be$"mee##en!ial !" !he #ueri"r erf"rman$e"f a lar%e number

"f fi%h!er and a!!a$3 air$raf!2 +e$au#e !he erf"rman$e ad*an!a%e# "f ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# in

mili!ar' air$raf! m"re !han $"men#a!e f"r !heir hi%h $"#!& !hi# i# li3el' !" be !he fa#!e#!

%r"5in% mar3e! f"r ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# "*er ma' a$$"un! f"r u !" @?er$en! "f !he

#!ru$!ural 5ei%h! "f !he Ad*an$ed Ta$!i$al Fi%h!er 8ATF9& 5hi$h i# #!ill in !he de#i%n

lane2 One e#!ima!e& 5hi$h a##ume# "nl' e1i#!in% r"du$!i"n lu# !he ATF& r"0e$!#

a %r"5!h fr"m ab"u! - milli"n "und# er 'ear in ./? er "und& !he mar3e!in !he 'ear -?.= i#r"0e$!ed !" be

5"r!hab"u! >,2=billi"n f"r !he $"m"#i!ema!erial# al"ne2


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Heico#ters

7i!h !he e1$e!i"n "f !he all $"m"#i!e bu#ine## air$raf! r"!"!'e#& 5hi$h are #!ill

a5ai!in% $er!ifi$a!i"n& ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#& ha*e been u#ed m"re e1!en#i*el' inheli$"!er# !han in air$raf!2 Mili!ar' ali$a!i"n# ha*e led !he 5a'& and !he ad*an!a%e# "f

ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e# are mu$h !he #ame a# in air$raf!: 5ei%h! redu$!i"n& ar!#

$"n#"lida!i"n& and re#i#!an$e !" fa!i%ue and $"rr"#i"n&O*er !he a#! .; 'ear#& ad*an$ed

$"m"#i!e# ha*e be$"me !he ba#eline ma!erial# f"r r"!"r#&blade#& and !ail a##emblie#2

Fu!ure mili!ar' heli$"!er#& #u$h a# !he Arm'6# r""#ed LX 85i!h ma0"r airframe de#i%n

!eam# a! +ellGM$D"nnell D"u%la# and +"ein%GSi3"r#3'9& "r !he Ba*'6# !il!(r"!"r (--

O#re' 8de#i%nedb' +ell+"ein%9 ha*e #e$ifi$a!i"n# !ha! require de#i%ner# !" $"n#ider

ad*an$ed $"m"#i!e#2 In !he#e heli$"!er#& $"m"#i!e# are li3el' !" $"mri#e u !" =?

er$en! "f !he #!ru$!ural 5ei%h!2 Ma!erial# #u$h a# %rahi!ee"1' are li3el' !"be u#ed in !he

airframe& bul3head#& !ailb""m#& and *er!i$al fin#& 5hile %la##e"1' PMC# "f le##er #!iffne##$"uldbe u#ed in !he r"!"r #'#!em#2 A# 5i!h air$raf!& !here $"uldbe al"n%(!erm !rend a5a'

fr"m e"1' re#in#and !"5ard !herm"la#!i$re#in#2

Future Trends in Poy!er Matri" Co!#osites

Hi%h'Te!#erature Matrices

The ma1imum $"n!inu"u# #er*i$e !emera!ure "f "r%ani$ "l'mer# in an "1idizin%

a!m"#here i#r"babl' ar"und ??J F&al!h"u%hbrief e1"#ure# !" hi%her !emera!ure#

$an be !"lera!ed2 Curren!l'& !he m"#! refra$!"r' ma!ri$e# are "l'( amide#& 5hi$h $an be

u#ed a! a ma1imum !emera!ure "f @??J F 8,.@J C9& al!h"u%h #l"5 de%rada!i"n "$$ur#2

If #!able& hi%h(!emera!ure ma!ri$e# $"uldbe de*el"ed& !he' 5"uldfind ali$a!i"n

in a *arie!' "f en%ine $"m"nen!# and ad*an$edair$raf! #!ru$!ure#

Ther!otro#ic Ther!oset

The#e h'brid ma!ri$e# are de#i%ned !" e1l"i! !he r"$e##in% ad*an!a%e# "f !herm"la#!i$#

and!he dimen#i"nal #!abili!' and $"rr"#i"n re#i#!an$e"f !herm"#e#2 The m"le$ule# are l"n%&

di#$re!e$hain# !ha! ha*e !he la!en! $aa$i!' !" f"rm $r"## lin3#2 Pr"$e##in% i# iden!i$al !"

!herm"la#!i$# in !ha! !he di#$re!e "l'mer# are f"rmed a! hi%h !emera!ure# !" !he de#ired

#hae2 Then& h"5e*er& in#!ead "f $""lin% !"r"du$e a #"lid& !he #!ru$!ure i# %i*en an

e1!ra 3i$3& 5i!h addi!i"nal hea! "r ul!ra*i"le! li%h!& 5hi$h ini!ia!e# $r"## lin3in%


10/11

be!5een !he "l'mer $hain#2 Thu#& !he fini#hed #!ru$!ure ha# !he dimen#i"nal #!abili!'

$hara$!eri#!i$ "f a!herm"#e!2

E-GlassK i! ha# %""d #!ren%!h& l"5 m"dulu#2 I! i# !he l"5e#! $"#! ber& a*ailable in man' f"rm#& $"m( m"nl'

u#ed in $"mmer$ial and indu#!rial r"du$!#& m"#!l' u#ed in lamen! 5indin% 8ie manufa$!ure92

S(Gla## K i! ha# be!!er #!ren%!h !han E(%la## and ha# hi%her m"dulu#2 I! i# a hi%her $"#! ber& $"mm"nl' u#ed in

aer"#a$e and hi%h(erf"rman$e re##ure *e##el ali$a!i"n#2

2 Aramid K I! ha# a %""d #!ren%!h and hi%her m"du( lu#2 I! i# a hi%her $"#! ber ha*in% a *er' l"5 den#i!'8"ne(half "f

%la## ber9& e1$ellen! ima$! and dama%e !"leran$e r"er!ie#& ""r $"mre##i"n& and #hear #!ren%!h 8Du"n!

HELAR TM fall# in !hi# $a!e%"r'92

2 Carb"n%rahi!e K i! ha# a 5ide #!ren%!h ran%e& hi%h( e#! m"dulu#& in!ermedia!e den#i!' 8!5"(!hird# "f %la## ber9&

""r ima$! "r dama%e !"leran$e& be#! !en#ile #!ren%!h& and #!iffne## r"er!ie# 5i!h !he hi%he#! $"#! "f all !he ber#2

#esin

2 General ur"#e "l'e#!er re#in# K !he' are $la##ied a# "r!h"h!hali$ "l'e#!er# ha*in% a 5ide ran%e "f u#e# in !he

FRP indu#!r'4 !he' ha*e m"dera!e #!ren%!h and $"rr"#i"n re#i#!an$e& !he' $ure a! r""m !emera!ure& and ha*e !he

l"5e#! $"#!

Miitary

C"m"#i!e# "f all !'e#& in$ludin%$erami$&"l'mer& and me!al ma!ri1 $"m"#i!e#& are ideal

ma!erial# f"r u#e in #a$e(ba#ed mili!ar' #'#!em#& #u$h a# !h"#e en*i#i"ned f"r !he S!ra!e%i$

Defen#e Ini!ia!i*e2 Pr"er!ie# #u$h a# l"5 den#i!'& hi%h #e$ifi$ #!iffne##& l"5 $"effi$ien!"f!hermal e1an#i"n& and hi%h !emera!ure re#i#!an$e are all ne$e##ar' f"r #!ru$!ure# !ha! mu#!

maneu*er raidl' in #a$e& main!ain hi%h dimen#i"nal #!abili!'& and 5i!h#!and h"#!ile

a!!a$32 A r"%ram de*"!ed !" !he de*el"men! "f ne5 ma!erial# and #!ru$!ure# ha#been

e#!abli#hed 5i!hin !he S!ra!e%i$ Defen#e Ini!ia!i*e Offi$e

CO(CL)SIO(

)"n di#$u##i"n "f !he *ari"u# r"$edure# and lan# in $arr'in% "u! !hi# re#ear$h lan& 5e

$"me !" !he $"n$lu#i"n !ha! !hi# re#ear$h i# a fea#ible "ne2 A brief "u!line "f !he de*el"men!#

in !he "l'mer ma!ri$e# f"r fibre(reinf"r$ed $"m"#i!e# ha# been %i*en2 The main emha#i# in

!he re#en! #$enari" i# "n ali$a!i"n# in aer"#a$e $"m"nen!#2 +ein% a lan f"r a !he#i#

re#ear$h !he #ub0e$! area aear# !" require *a#! am"un!# "f re#ear$h and fundin% in ad"!in%

!he ne$e##ar' rin$ile2 O*erall !he r"0e$! hel# in !he fu!ure de*el"men! "f !he PMC in !he

mar3e! "f aer"#a$e2

Referance


11/11

.2C2(C2 M2 Ma and S2(72 Yur& ABTEC =< C"nferen$e Pr"$eedin%#& ./

Documents

Project Report Pmc Edited