Project: Rajauli (Block 2), Building Stone Mining Project ...environmentclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/FormB/EC/EIA_EMP/... · may by Notification in ... Environmental Clearance terms

Project: Rajauli (Block 2), Building Stone Mining Project Applicant: M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt. Ltd.

Prepared by: ENVIRTA Sustainable Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. Page 1

CHAPTER – 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.0 BACKGROUND

As a result of developmental activities and market demand for minor minerals, mining of minor mineral is vital. The mining if not carried out systematically, will result in ill-effects and environmental degradation in project effected area. Therefore a sustainable development of the area involving extraction of mineral wealth vis-à-vis protection of environment is the ultimate solution for betterment of mankind. Minor Mineral means building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand used for prescribed purposes, boulder, shingle, chalcedony pebbles used for ball mill purposes only, limeshell, kankar and limestone used in kilns for manufacture of lime used as building material, Murom, brick-earth, fuller's earth bentonite, road metal, rehmatti, slate and shale when used for building material, quartzite and sand stone when used for purposes of building or for making road metal and household utensils, [quartzite pebbles used for ball mill purposes or filling for bore wells or for decoration purposes in buildings] and any other mineral which the Central Govt. may by Notification in official Gazette, declare to be a minor mineral under Clause (e) of section 3 of the Act and its amendments.

Indeed, in a developing country like India, the supply of minor mineral as a raw material for infrastructure development has a paramount importance. Therefore, the implementation of scientific mining principles through EIA & EMP plays a vital role in sustainable economic growth of our country.

Benefits of Sustainable Minor Mineral Mining Scientific mining prevents the excessive erosion, which can damage flora, agriculture land and settlements

situated in close proximity.

It maintains the natural regime as far as possible and helps to avoid natural disaster and Risks. Proper execution of Environment Management Plan will ensure environment security of the area. It generates useful economic resource for construction and generates employment in local areas.

1.1 PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT

The Environmental Impact assessment study was carried out to have an idea about the existing environmental condition related to physical environment, biological environment and social environment. Environmental Management Plan has been prepared to assess the current environmental scenario of the area and then based on the activities of mining proposed, to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment. The plan will identify and address the impacts, where these are adverse in nature, and thereafter design mitigative measures to manage such impacts in a manner as to conserve environment and ecology of the area. The EMP has been prepared with a view to ultimately ensure that the adverse impacts are minimized if these cannot be prevented altogether. Environmental Clearance is a statutory requirement for the new and old establishment of any mining project of which EIA has to be prepared and submitted to respective agencies of state and center level in line with EIA Notification, 2006.

This Environmental Impact Assessment report is being prepared to comply with the Terms of Reference (TOR) received from State Expert Appraisal Committee, Bihar under EIA notification of the MoEF dated 14-9-2006, and subsequent amendments of MoEF&CC, Govt. of India, for seeking Prior Environmental Clearance for mining of stone minor mineral in the applied mining lease areas falling under category “Cluster B1” vide MOEF&CC Notification S.O. 141(E) dated 15.01.2016.



Lease Area Village Block no.-2,Plot no.-5513, 5.00 Ha (12.36

Acres) Rajauli

1.3 ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE OR EIA PROCESS FOR THIS PROJECT

Mining Lease for Stone is granted as provided in Bihar Minor Mineral Concession (Amendment) Rules, 2014 vide Letter Of Intent letter No. 113/Khannan dated 10.02.15 for a period of 05 years which shall commence from the date of grant of Environment Clearance from the competent authority, which is mandated by the EIA notification of 2006 and subsequent amended notifications issued by MOEF&CC.

As per the Gazette Notification dated 14th Sep, 2006 and its subsequent amendments, the project is classified as Category – “Cluster B1” Project. The Environmental Clearance process for the proposed project will comprise of three stages. These stages in sequential order are:-

Scoping Public Consultation or Public Hearing Appraisal

The flow chart depicting these stages to obtain the prior Environmental Clearance for the project is as given below in Fig. 1.1.



Source: EIA Guidance Manual for Mining of Minerals, MoEF&CC, GoI

Figure 0-1: Prior Environmental Clearance for the Project

Identification of Project Proponent

Name M/S Mahadev Enclave Pvt. Ltd.

Address Shri Kartik Rathi(Director) S/o- Shri Ajay Rathi R/o- B-37,Ayodhya Marg, Hanuman Nagar Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Brief Description of Project



Project Name Rajauli (Block 2) Building Stone Mining Project

Location of the Project

Village: Rajauli, Tehsil-Nawada & District-Nawada, State-Bihar

Mine Lease Area 5.00 Ha (12.36 Acres) Khasra/Plot Details

Name of Block/No.

Name of the Village

Details of Khasra No./Killa No.

Area (in hectares)

Block no.-2, Rajauli Khasra no.-5513, 5.00

Latitude & Longitude

Name of Village Latitude Longitude Rajauli 24° 39'15.27"N

24° 39'11.50"N 24° 39'10.70"N 24° 39'14.44"N

85°31'22.29"E 85°31'22.50"E 85°31'07.20"E 85°31'05.45"E

Toposheet Number

72 H/10

Type of Land The land is owned by State Govt Project Cost 1.5 Crore Man Power & No. of Working days

55 (17 skilled, 3 semi-skilled & 35 unskilled) Manpower for 300 Days/Year.

Water Demand & Source

1.8 KLD, to be procured from the storm water reservoir for Dust Suppression, 0.5 KLD for Plantation and 1.1 KLD Drinking water will be sourced from the tankers. Total Water requirement will be 3.4 KLD

Lowest & Highest Elevation

209.1 mRL and 173 mRL

Geological Reserves

Categorized Geological Reserve Proved Reserve (111) 58,18,520 Tonnes Feasibility Resource (211) 82,91,094 Tonnes Pre-Feasibility Resources (222) 40,36,950Tonnes

Mineable Reserves

36,37,144 Tonnes

Targeted Production

7,27,160 TPA

Production Capacity

Year Total Production (TPA) I 727160 II 727160 III 727160 IV 727160 V 727160

Validity of Lease The lease has been granted for period for 5 years vide letter no 113/Khanan Dated 10.02.2015

Type of Mining Other than Fully mechanized method

Seismic Zone Seismic Zone IV End use of Product

As a Raw Material for Construction purpose.

Nearest Town Nawada 29 km North



Nearest R.S/Airport

Gujhandi Railway Station at 16.5 Km SW Gaya Airport at 50.65 Km in NW.

Nearest Highway National Highway 31 at 2.50 Km in West Direction.

Nearest Water Bodies

Khuri River : 1.65 Kms East Dhanarjay River – 2.2 Km SW

Historical Monuments (in 10 Km Buffer)

None within the study Area

Status of Protected/ Other Areas (in 10 Km Buffer)

Sobhwa Maran PF Jhirkhi PF Dhamni RF Chatkar PF Dibaur RF Dumarkol PF Pelmo PF Burhiya sankh PF Budua PF

About 5.5 Km in NE Direction About 7.6 Km in NE Direction About 4.0 Kms in East Direction About 7.5 Km in East Direction About 5.0 Kms in SE Direction About 2 Km in South Direction About 9 Km East Direction About 7 Km ESE Direction About 8.5 Km NE Direction

Nearest Dispensary &Govt. Hospital

Rajauli. Hospital - 2.5 Km SW

Nearest Educational facility

Upgrade High school 1.7 Km SW

1.4 REGULATORY COMPLIANCES

LOI has been issued to M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt Ltd by the Director General of Mines & Geology Department, Bihar vide letter no. 112/ Khanan dated 10/02/2015.

TOR was granted by State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) Bihar, vide letter no. 262 dated 30 th /December/2015.

Baseline Study was conducted during Mar 2016 to May 2016. Draft copy of mine plan has been approved by Director General, Mines & Geology, Bihar

1.5 POST – ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE MONITORING

The project proponent will submit half yearly compliance report in respect of stipulated prior Environmental Clearance terms and conditions on 1st June and 1st Dec. of each calendar year. The latest compliance report will be displayed on the website of the concerned regulatory authority.

Point Wise Compliance of Terms of References (TOR) issued by MoEF & CC.

S. No. TOR Points Implementation/Plan/Status covered in EIA report. 1. A copy of the document in

support of the fact that the Proponent is the rightful lessee of the mine should be given.

The Letter of Intent has been granted in the name of M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt Ltd by the Director General of Mines & Geology Department, Bihar vide letter no. 113/ Khanan dated 10/02/2015.. Copy enclosed as Annexure I. Approved mining Plan is enclosed as Annexure No II.

Annexures/LOI.pdf

Annexures/LOI.pdf



2. All documents including approved mine plan, EIA report and Public hearing should be compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management, mining technology etc. and should be in the name of lessee.

All documents including approved mine plan and draft EIA/EMP report are compatible with one another in terms of the mine lease area, production levels, waste generation and its management and mining technology and are in the name of M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt Ltd. Particulars

Approved Mine Plan

EIA Report

a) Area b) Production c) Waste

Generation d) Mining

Method

5 Ha 7,27,160 TPA Nil Opencast OTFM

5 Ha 7,27,160 TPA Nil Opencast OTFM

3. All corner coordinates of the mine lease area, super imposed on a High Resolution Imagery/toposheet, topographic sheet, geomorphology and geology of the area should be provided. Such as imagery of the proposed area should clearly show the land use and other ecological features of the study area (core and buffer zone).

All corner coordinates of ML area are superimposed on survey of India (Topo sheet No.72H/10). Maps showing topographical are attached in Chapter 2, & Landuse other ecological features, High resolution Imagery FCC maps are prepared with use a RS–GIS technique and are incorporated in Chapter 3.

4. Information should be provided in Survey of India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale indicating geological map of the area, geomorphology of land forms of the area, existing minerals and mining history of the area, important water bodies, streams and rivers and soil characteristics.

The land use & land cover map of the area are superimposed on survey of India Toposheet in 1:50,000 scale and same has been furnished in Chapter 3 of EIA/EMP Report.

5. Details about the land proposed for mining activities should be given with information as to whether mining conforms to the land use policy of the State; land diversion for mining should have approval from State land use board or the concerned

The Letter of Intent has been granted in the name of M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt Ltd by the Director General of Mines & Geology Department, Bihar vide letter no. 113/ Khanan dated 10/02/2015. Copy enclosed as Annexure I.

Annexures/LOI.pdf



authority.

6 It should be clearly stated whether the proponent company has a well laid down Environment policy approved by its Board of directors? If so, it may be spelt out in the EIA report with description of the prescribed operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation/violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions? The hierarchical system or administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the EC conditions may also be given. The system of reporting of non-compliances/ violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders at large may also be detailed in the EIA report.

The company has formulated Environmental policy. The operating process or the implementation of policy is as follows: Compliance with all applicable environmental laws

and regular maintenance of their records. Acquaintance of all employees & contractors with

their environmental responsibilities. Focus on continuous improvement. Continuous review of environmental

achievements. Half yearly submission of compliance reports.

The hierarchical system of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring the compliance with EC conditions are incorporated in Chapter 8 Environment Management Plan. A system of reporting of non-compliances/ violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and/or shareholders or stakeholders will form integral part of Environment Policy, details given in Chapter 8.

7 Issues relating to mine safety, including subsidence study in case of underground mining and slope study in case of open cast mining, blasting study etc. should be detailed. The proposed safeguard measures in each case should also be provided.

Mining will be done by Opencast OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method) Method with drilling & blasting. No underground mining will be done. Mining will be done as per approved mining plan & progressive mine closure plan. Details of Method of Mining as per approved mine plan are given in Chapter 2. All necessary safety precautions are being taken in accordance with the explosive act. Precautions are also taken as per permission given under MMR, 1961 106(2) (b) by the Director of Mine’s Safety for deep hole drilling & Blasting and also for the usage of heavy earth moving machinery. It is implemented to prevent / restrict access to excavation area by unauthorized person as per Mines Act 1952; MMR, 1961. Personal Protective Equipment (PPP) like dust mask, goggles, ear plug/ muffs and other equipment will be provided for use by workers working at all times. Sign Boards will be clearly displayed in the area to ensure safety of the people coming nearby and working in the



mines. Details of blasting study are given in Chapter 2, details of safety measures are given in Chapter in Chapter 6 under Risks & Hazards Study.

8. The study area will comprise of 10 km zone around the mine lease from lease periphery and the data contained in the EIA such as waste generation etc. should be for the life of the mine/lease period.

Topographical map showing the study area is enclosed as in Chapter 2 of EIA report.. No waste generation from the mining process is envisaged.

9. Land use of the study area delineating forest area, agricultural land, grazing land, wildlife sanctuary and national park, migratory routes of fauna, water bodies, human settlements & other ecological features should be indicated. Land use plan of the mine lease area should be prepared to encompass preoperational, operational and post operational phases and submitted. Impact, if any, of change of land use should be given.

The land use of the study area which shows forest area, agriculture land, water bodies, human settlement etc. has been given at Chapter III of EIA/EMP report. Land use plan of the study area:- There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Migratory routes of fauna and National Monument within 10km periphery of the lease area and as per secondary data available. There is no habitation within lease area. Land use plan of the study area:-

Class Names Area (Ha.) Open/waste Land 105.26 Scrub Land 152.67

Settlement 305.95 River 684.95

Reservoir 97.55 Forest 10413.14 Agriculture 20396.76 Total 32156.28

There is no habitation within lease area as the ML area is Hilly Barren Land. Change of Land use:- The Mine Lease area is undulating and Barren land, no forest land, grazing land agricultural land is involved. The hilly area is converted to flat surface which is then converted to green belt & can be used as water reservoir.



10. Details of the land for any overburden dumps outside the mine lease, such as extent of land area, distance from mine lease, its land use, R&R issues, if any, should be given.

There is no overburden within lease area. Mining has been proposed for the exploitation of stone boulders, therefore waste, sub grade mineral rejects shall not be generated during the course of mining. Since, it is an existing quarry and there is no habitation in the lease area, therefore Rehabilitation & resettlement plan is not required / applicable.

11. A Certificate from the Competent Authority in the State Forest Department should be provided, confirming the involvement of forest land, if any, in the project area. In the event of any contrary claim by the Project Proponent regarding the status of forests, the site may be inspected by the State Forest Department along with the Regional Office of the Ministry to ascertain the status of forests, based on which, the Certificate in this regard as mentioned above be issued. In all such cases, it would be desirable for representative of the State Forest Department to assist the Expert Appraisal Committees.

The Mining Lease area does not involve any forest land. The land of the Mining lease area is waste land and this area is free from any reservation of forest department of Bihar Government.

12. Status of forestry clearance for the broken up area and virgin forestland involved in the Project including deposition of net present value (NPV) and compensatory afforestation (CA) should be indicated. A copy of the forestry clearance should also be furnished.

No Forest land is involved in the Mine Lease Area. Hence Forest Clearance is Not Applicable.

13. Implementation status of recognition of forest rights under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 should be indicated.

The area is not covered under Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. Hence, it is not applicable.



14. The vegetation in the RF / PF areas in the study area, with necessary details, Should be given.

The detailed Biological Study of the study is given in Chapter 3. Details of RF/PF in the study area are as follows.

Sobhwa Maran PF About 5.5 Km NE

Jhirkhi PF About 7.6 Km NE Dhamni RF About 4.0 Kms East Chatkar PF About 7.5 Km East Dibaur RF About 5.0 Kms SE Dumarkol PF About 2 Km South Pelmo PF About 9 Km East

Burhiya sankh PF About 7 Km ESE

Budua PF About 8.5 Km NE

15. A study shall be got done to ascertain the impact of the Mining project on Wildlife of the study area and details furnished. Impact of the project on the wildlife in the surrounding and any other protected area and accordingly detailed mitigative measures required, should be worked out with cost implications and submitted.

A detailed Biological study of the study area; core zone & buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease) has been carried out by Ecology & Biodiversity Expert during the monitoring in the month of March 2016. Details of flora and fauna of core & buffer zone are given in Chapter 3. Impact and Mitigation measures are discussed in Chapter 4.

Impact Mitigation Measure

Anticipated impact on flora & fauna

The flora in the core zone is so common that they could be found in all similar areas. So, there will be no reduction in species diversity. In order to prevent disturbance to on fauna, the following measures will be as followed:

No dropping of edible items which

may attract birds or animals

No fishing

No littering

No camping Any animal/animal eggs found in the core zone will be left undisturbed. Any sight of animals which may be threatening to Mine Employees/people residing in settlement nearby mine shall be

reported to Forest Department only.



Additional risk to rare or endangered or endemic or threatened

species.

There are no rare, endangered, endemic species in the core zone. So no damage is going to be done on such life forms, which require protection by the proposed project. There are four schedule II and one schedule I species in the Study area. Conservation Plan is prepared for the same.

16. Location of National parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife corridors, Ramsar site Tiger/Elephant reserves (existing as well as proposed), if any, within 10 km of the mine lease should be clearly indicated, supported by a location map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden. Necessary clearance, as may be applicable to such projects due to proximity of the ecologically sensitive areas as mentioned above, should be obtained from the Standing Committee of National Board of Wildlife and copy furnished.

No National Park, Biosphere Reserve, Wild life Corridors, Ramsar site Tiger/Elephant reserves (existing as well as proposed) are present within the Study area. The clarification in this regard from the forest department is attached as Annexure III. The project is not located within any eco sensitive area thus NBWL Clearance is not applicable

17. A detailed biological study for the study area [core zone & buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] shall be carried out. Details of flora & fauna, endangered, endemic and RET Species duly authenticated, separately for core and buffer zone should be furnished based on such primary field survey, clearly indicating the schedule of the fauna present. In case of any scheduled-I fauna found in the study area, the necessary plan along with budgetary provision for their conservation should be prepared in consultation with State Forest and Wildlife

A detailed Biological study of the study area [core zone & buffer zone (10 km radius of the periphery of the mine lease)] has been carried out by Ecology & Biodiversity Expert during the monitoring season (Mar -May. 2016). Details of flora and fauna are discussed in Chapter 3.



Department and details furnished. Necessary allocation of funds for implementing the same should be made as part of the project cost.

18. Proximity to Areas declared as ‘Critically Polluted’ or the Project areas likely to come under the ‘Aravali Range’, (attracting court restrictions for mining operations), should also be indicated and where so required, clearance certifications from the prescribed Authorities, such as the SPCB or State Mining Dept. Should be secured and furnished to the effect that the proposed mining activities could be considered.

Proposed project is not among the list of Critically Polluted areas as demarcated by CPCB& does not fall under “Aravali range” .

19. Similarly, for coastal Projects, A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL, HTL, CRZ area, location of the mine lease w.r.t CRZ, coastal features such as mangraves, If any, should be furnished.(Note: The Mining Projects falling under CRZ would also need to obtain approval of the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority).

Not Applicable, since the project site does not comes under coastal area.

20. R&R Plan/compensation details for the Project Affected People (PAP) should be furnished. While preparing the R&R Plan, the relevant State/National Rehabilitation & Resettlement Policy should be kept in view. In respect of SCs /STs and other weaker sections of the society in the study area, a need based sample survey, family-wise, should be undertaken to assess their requirements, and action programs prepared and

Since, it is an existing quarry and there is no habitation in the lease area, therefore Rehabilitation & resettlement plan is not required / applicable.



submitted accordingly, integrating the sectoral programs of line departments of the State Government. It may be clearly brought out whether the village located in the mine lease area will be shifted or not. The issues relating to shifting of Village including their R&R and socio economic aspects should be discussed in the report.

21. One season (non-monsoon) (i.e March-May ( Summer Season); March-December (Post monsoon season) ; December-February (Winter Season) primary baseline data on ambient air quality as per CPCB notification of 2009,water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna shall be collected and the AAQ and other data so complied presented date-wise in the EIA and EMP report. Site specific meteorological data should also be collected. The location of the monitoring stations should be such as to represent whole of the study area and justified keeping in view the pre-dominant downwind direction and location of sensitive receptors. There should be at least one monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind direction. The mineralogical composition of PM10 particularly for free silica should be given.

One season (non-monsoon) primary baseline data of Ambient Air Quality (PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx), water quality, noise level, soil and flora and fauna has been collected during post monsoon. The mineralogical composition of PM10is given in PM10 is given in Chapter 3 other data are compiled in the EIA and EMP report.



22. Air quality modeling should be carried out for prediction of impact of the project on the air quality of the area. It should also take into account the impact of movement of vehicles for transportation of mineral. The details of the model used and the input parameters used for modeling should be provided. The Air quality contours may be shown on the location map clearly indicating the location of site, location of sensitive receptors, if any, and habitation. The wind roses showing pre-dominant wind direction may also be indicated on the map.

ISCST3 version 3: Perpetual Dispersion model, based on steady state Gaussian plume dispersion, was used for the prediction of ground level concentrations. Meteorological data generated at site during study period has been used for onsite input met data. The wind rose diagram showing that the predominant direction. The details are given in Chapter 4 of EIA/ EMP Report.

Location

Ground Level Concentrations of PM10 in µg/m3 Background (Max.)

Predicted

Total Expected

CPCB Standard

AQ1 68.4 3.33 71.73 100 AQ2 60.8 1.33 62.13 100

AQ3 60.3 0.09 60.39 100

AQ4 63.8 0.11 63.91 100

AQ5 64.4 0.11 64.51 100 AQ6 64.8 0.38 65.18 100

AQ7 66.24 0.16 66.64 100

23. The water requirement for the project, its availability and source should be furnished. A detailed water balance should also be provided. Fresh water requirement for the project should be indicated.


24 Necessary clearance from the Competent Authority for drawl of requisite quantity of water for the project should be provided.

Total water requirement for the project is 3.4 KLD. The water required will be sourced from the storm water reservoir. However, the drinking water will be sourced from the tankers. Permission taken from the competent authority will be submitted along with final EIA

25 Description of water conservation measures proposed to be adopted in the Project should be given. Details of rainwater harvesting proposed in the Project, if any, should be provided.

Water conservation measures proposed to be adopted are as given below:- Optimum utilization avoiding unnecessary

wastage of water will be done.

Awareness programs will be taken up to educate public for conservation of water.

Mobile toilets with modular septic tank having efficient water utilization capacity (low facets water requirement for flushing) will be used.



Atomized water sprinklers will be used to minimize the air borne dust emissions on haul roads.

Post-monsoon and Pre-monsoon groundwater level will be monitored regularly.

The open pit at the conceptual stage can be used as water reservoir which will help in ground water recharge.

26 Impact of the Project on the water quality, both surface and groundwater, should be assessed and necessary safeguard measures, if any required should be provided.

Project Impact on water Quality has been assessed & mitigation measures are incorporated in Chapter 4

27 Based on actual monitored data, it may clearly be shown whether working will intersect groundwater. Necessary data and documentation in this regard may be provided. In case the working will intersect groundwater table, a detailed Hydro Geological Study should be undertaken and report furnished. The Report inter-alia, shall include details of the aquifers present and impact of mining activities on these aquifers. Necessary permission from Central Ground Water Authority for working below ground water and for pumping of ground water should also be obtained and copy furnished.

The maximum working depth of mining will be up to 149m RL in the ML area where the groundwater table exists at an average depth of 130 m RL bgl.

Mining activities will not intersect the ground water table. Permission is not required from CGWA. Water will be sourced from the hired tankers; hence permission from CGWA is not applicable. Analysis report of the Ground & Surface water is discussed in Chapter 3 of EIA Report.

28 Details of any stream, seasonal or otherwise, passing through the lease area and modification / diversion proposed, if any, and the impact of the same on the hydrology should be brought out.

No stream passes through the ML area. The drainage pattern of the study area is given in Chapter 3, of EIA-EMP Report.

29 Information on site elevation, working depth, groundwater table etc. should be provided both in AMSL and bgl. A schematic diagram should also be provided for the same.

Elevation m ASL m bgl Site Elevation

209-173.0 -



Ultimate Working Depth

149

24 m

Seasonal variation of Ground Water Table

Pre-monsoon 143-148

Pre-monsoon 25-30 m

Post-monsoon 153-148

Post-monsoon 20-25 m

30 A time bound Progressive Greenbelt Development Plan shall be prepared in a tabular form (indicating the linear and quantitative coverage, plant species and time frame) and submitted, keeping in mind, the same will have to be executed up front on commencement of the project. Phase-wise plan of plantation and compensatory afforestation should be charted clearly indicating the area to be covered under plantation and the species to be planted. The details of plantation already done should be given. The plant species selected for green belt should have greater ecological value and should be of good utility value to the local population with emphasis on local and native species and the species which are tolerant to pollution.

In mining cases plantation will be done along the barrier zone i.e. around the periphery of the Applied Area of 7.5m width. It is proposed to have plantation along the road sides on both sides to provide cover against dust dissemination and also to act as noise absorber. Plantation will also be carried out as social forestry program in villages, school/ and the areas allocated by the village authority/local bodies.

Year Saplings to be planted

Place of Plantation

I 165 Within the lease hold area nearby school, hospital, police station,7.5 m barrier zone, community center & other Public utility places

II 165 III 165

IV 165

V 165

31 Impact on local transport infrastructure due to the project should be indicated. Projected increase in truck traffic as result of the project in the present road network (including those outside the project area) should be worked out, indicating whether it is capable of handling the incremental load. Arrangement for improving the infrastructure, if contemplated (including action to be taken by other agencies such as State

The mineral from the proposed mining project will be loaded and transported through NH-31. So, increased PCUs will be estimated in these highways. The level of service (LoS) value for the proposed mine is found “B” for NH-31 which will remain same after the commencement of mining project. Hence, no significant adverse impacts on local infrastructure are envisaged. Impacts from traffic density from the proposed mining activity has been incorporated in Chapter 4 of Draft EIA/EMP report. Existing Traffic Scenario & LOS

Road V (Volume in

C (Capacity in

Existing V/C Ratio

LOS



Government) should be covered. Project proponent shall conduct impact of Transportation study as per Indian road Congress Guidelines.

PCU/hr) PCU/hr)

NH-31

406 1100 0.369 B

Modified Traffic Scenario & LOS

Road V (Volume in PCU/hr)

C (Capacity in PCU/hr)

Existing V/C Ratio

LOS

NH 31 (Towards Nawada)

406 +30= 437

1100 0.396 B

NH 31 (Towards Koderma)

406 +30=437

1100 0.396 B

32. Details of the onsite shelter and facilities to be provided to the mine workers should be included in the EIA report.

Onsite shelter and facilities will be provided to the Mine workers as per the Approved Mining Plan & in accordance with the Mines Rules. Following are the infrastructural facilities which will be provided to the workers:

A manager’s office for supervision and keeping up of records

A first Aid Kit in mine office for giving first aid required in emergency

A rest shelter for labours for rest during lunch period

Water hut for drinking water A store room for keeping necessary tools

33. Conceptual post mining land use and Reclamation and Restoration of mined out areas (with plans and with adequate number of sections) should be given in the EIA report.

The present and proposed land use of the mine lease area is given as follows

Activity

Area Occupied (Ha.) During next five years

At the end of conceptual period

Mining and Existing pits

4.68 _

Waste dumps

Nil

Road 0.02 0.02

Plantation 0.10 _ Crusher 0.20 _ Balance undisturbed land

Nil 4.98



Total 5.00 5.0

34. Occupational Health impacts of the Project should be anticipated and the proposed preventive measures spelt out in detail. Details of pre-placement medical examination and periodical medical examination schedules should be incorporated in the EMP. The project specific occupational health mitigation measures with required facilities proposed in the mining area May be detailed.

The occupational health impacts of the project and corresponding preventive measures are discussed in Chapter 4 on EIA/EMP report.

Anticipated occupational Health and Safety Impacts

Proposed mitigation measures

Lung disease and respiratory disorder due to dust exposure

Dust mask will be provided to the workers. Precautions will be adopted to prevent dust generation at site. Air emission control system such as water sprinkling, green belt development. Free Silica analysis of mineral will be done. Budget of pollution control i.e. dust suppression by water sprinkling is proposed in EMP.

Noise Ear muff will be provided Maintenance of vehicles. PUC certified vehicles used for transportation.

Accident at site PPEs will be provided to the workers likely hand gloves, safety shoes etc Proper signage will be used at mining site as well as the transportation route.

Others Awareness program/training program will be organized for workers for occupational safety.

35. Public health implications of the Project and related activities for the population in the impact zone should be systematically

In this proposed project, impact on the health of public has been assessed and the remedial measures have been proposed by the applicant. At the primary basis provision of first aid has been adopted.



evaluated and the proposed remedial measures should be detailed along with budgetary allocations.

Adverse health impact will be due to air pollution, noise pollution etc. All control measures for air emissions, noise control will be taken to strictly comply with norms. Periodical free health camps will be taken up in the villages. Measures: - Trucks/dumpers will be covered by tarpaulin covers to control dust dispersion. Catalyze combustion fitted with vehicles and silencers to air pollution. All transportation vehicles carry a valid PUC Certificates to noise pollution. Funds generated under the Corporate Social Responsibility will be used for the causes of poor people of the society. Separate fund will be earmarked for one time cost and recurring cost to manage the infrastructure development for poor people in the nearby villages. About 0.69 Lacs will be spent for free health checkups and medicine facility for the public, it is included in the CSR budge

36. Measures of socio economic significance and influence to the local community proposed to be provided by project Applicant should be indicated. As far as possible, quantitative dimension may be given with time frame for implementation.

No adverse impact is anticipated on any socio economic environment. There is no habitation within the applied lease area. Therefore neither villages nor any part of village or any hamlet will be disturbed during the working period. The villages and their inhabitants in the buffer zone will not be disturbed from their settlements due to the mining operations. Preliminary survey was conducted to assess local need assessment; In this regard interactions were made and following measures are suggested:

Activity Rs in Lacs

per annum

Capital

Cost

Development Programs For The Local People(Health Camps, Vocational Training to Local People)

3.45

Financial Assistance for Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in schools

1.30



Supply of solar lamps to BPL households

1.25

Total 6.00

37 Detailed environmental management plan to mitigate the environmental impact which, should inte-alia include the impacts of change of land use, loss of agricultural and grazing land, if any, occupational health impacts besides other impacts pacific to the proposed project.

To mitigate the impacts on environment safeguard measure are adopted during operation phase of project. Environmental Management Plan is prepared as discussed below:

Particulars Details

Air Quality Management

Loading Water sprinkling will be done before loading by making it moist.

Transportation

Water sprinkling during transportation over approach roads will be done for suppression of dust. Regular maintenance of machinery will be carried out. Overloading will be prevented. Trucks/Dumpers will be covered by tarpaulin covers.

Plantation Plantation will be carried out at the approach road and vicinity area in village roads.

Monitoring Periodic air quality monitoring will be done and adequate measures will be taken

Noise Management

Transportation

Source of noise will be vehicles during transportation. Proper maintenance of vehicles will be done at regular intervals. Oiling & greasing of other equipments at regular interval will be done. Adequate silencers will be provided in all the diesel engines of vehicles. Minimum use of horns and speed limit of 10 km/hr. in the village area. It will be ensured that all vehicles used in transportation will carry a valid PUC Certificates.

Green area Plantation Plantation will be carried out at the approach road, and vicinity area to control Dust, Air & Noise Pollution and improve aesthetic environment.

Water Quality management

Surface water quality mgt.

Waste water will not be generated during removal/ collection of material.

Ground water quality

Ground water will not be intersected during mining activities. The mining operations will be limited in the upper levels



management &the lowest bench will be formed at 140mRL Working is expected to be 29m above the water table

Waste water management

Waste water will not be generated during removal/ collection of material. Mobile toilets will be made available near working blocks. Septic tanks and soak pits will be provided for the disposal of domestic/ washrooms effluents.

Solid Waste Management No solid waste/overburden will be generated in the mining activity

River bank protection & management

Collection will be done during day light only. No stockpiling of collected material will be done. Mining will be conducted on demand.

38 Public hearing points raised and commitment of the project Applicant on the same along with time bound action plan to implement the same should be provided and also incorporated in the final EIA/EMP report of the project.

Public hearing was successfully executed on date 19.11.2016 at 12:30 PM, as per the guidelines given in EIA Notification 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendment. Public Hearing notice was published in two national/local daily news papers, “Hindustan” and “The Times of India” on 20/10/2016 Venue: Near Project Site, Rajauli Inter School, District- Nawada, Bihar. Public Hearing was under the chairmanship of Shri. Dhirendra Kumar Jha (Additional District Magistrate Nawada. .Following officials were also present during Public Hearing. Nand Kumar, additional Environment Engineer

BSPCB Sh.Manoj Kumar Mishra, Additional Director Mines,

Nawada Minutes of Public Hearing along with action plan are provided herein below.

S No. Question raised & Queries/Suggestions

Reply of the Proponent/Consultant

Action Plan

1. Shri. Ram Lakhan Yadav Village:Araiya Tola , Nawada

To ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the agricultural land due to dust, water sprinkling will be done regularly in the mine lease area. Vehicles used for transportation of materials will be covered. After the beginning of mining operations priority will be

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Apart from providing direct employment to 55 people indirect employment will be generated due to commencement of

Queries/Suggestions: What provisions have been made so that the dust generated do no hot harm the agriculture of the region. Also what will be done for employment of the local people .



given to the local resident for employment. Thanks for the consideration.

mining operations. Priority will be given to the local residents for employment. All the precautionary measures like water sprinkling & covering of transportation vehicles will be done in order to reduce dust generation impacts .

2. Shri. Krishan Mandal, Principle ,Inter School Rajauli

Only wet blasting will be done during mining operations to control the noise. Since the production proposed is very less the intervals between blasting will be more.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Only wet blasting will be practiced. Protective equipments will given to workers

Queries/Suggestions What provisions are made to minimize the impacts due to noise generated due to blasting.

3. Shri. Manoj Kumar, Village: Rajauli

Mining will be done only during day time. For dust suppression water sprinkling will be done regularly for reducing the negative impacts of pollution.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. The mining will be done as per the terms & conditions of the approved mine plan & for the approved production capacity only. The conditions imposed for the protection of the environment will be complied both during operation & post operation phase.

Queries/Suggestions : What precautions / provisions will be taken reduce the impacts of pollution generation due to the mining process on children.

4. Shri. Lakshman Mistri, Village: Rajauli

In the mine lease area proper care & maintainance of roads will be done by project proponent. Regular health checkups will be organized for the people of the area belonging to every section.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Fund of Rs 6.0 lacs/annum has been allocated for the same under funds proposed for CSR related activities for overall development

Queries/Suggestions : He said that conditions of road in Rajauli region is not good which leads to dust generation. What health facilities will be provided to people .



of the area.

5. Shri Rajesh Yadav, Village: Karampur, Nawada

Specific area within the the mining area will demarcated for blasting so that the stones do not fly outside the project region. 7.5 meters safety region will be will be left within lease area boundary which will be used for plantations.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from MoEF, PCB & NBWL (As Applicable). The mining will be done as per the terms & conditions of the approved mine plan & for the approved production capacity only. Care will be taken that controlled blasting is done and all the safety norms are followed as per designated rules & regulations.

Queries/Suggestions Small stones are generated due to blasting in the mining region. These stones come to agricultural land & are harmful to crops. What provisions are made to reduce these impacts.

6. Shri Manoj kumar Village:Rajauli

In case of any accidents during the mining process the victims will be given compensation as per State Government norms. Moreover insurance of workers will be done as per mining norms & regulation.

The mining operations will be carried out under supervision of statutory personnel’s as per provisions of MCR 2016, MCDR 1988, Mines Rules 1955, Mines Act 1952 & strictly following safety aspects as per MMR 1961 monitored by Directorate General of Mines safety.

Queries/Suggestions : If any worker gets injured during mining activities, what provisions will be made for it.

39 Details of litigation pending against the project, if any, with direction /order passed by any Court of Law against the project should be given.

There is no litigation against the project.

40 The cost of the project (capital cost and recurring cost) as well as the cost towards implementation of EMP should clearly be spelt out.

Cost for Project: Capital Cost : Rs. 1.5 Crores Recurring Cost/annum: Rs. 3.5 lakhs Cost for implementation of EMP: Capital Cost : Rs. 7 lakhs Recurring expenses/annum: Rs. 4 lakhs



41 A Disaster Management Plan shall be prepared and included in the EIA/EMP report.

Details are incorporated in EIA and Disaster Management Plan is given under chapter 8 Environment Management Plan of this Report.

42 Benefits of the project if the project is implemented should be spelt out. The benefits of the project shall clearly indicate environmental, social, economic, employment potential etc.

Details are incorporated in Chapter 8 in EIA/EMP Report.

43. Besides the above, the below mentioned points have also been complied with: a. Executive Summary of the

EIA/EMP Report The executive summaries of the EIA/EMP report is attached along with this report

b. All documents to be properly referenced with index and continuous page numbering.

Complied. All documents have been referenced with index and continuous page numbering has been done.

c. Where data are presented in the Report especially in Tables, the period in which the data were collected and the sources should be indicated.

Complied. Period of study has been mentioned in the tables of baseline data, source has been mentioned wherever secondary data is given.

d Project proponent shall enclose all the analysis/testing reports of water, air, soil, noise etc. using the MoEF & CC/NABL accredited laboratories. All the original analysis/testing reports should be available during appraisal of the project.

Test Reports will be attached in the final EIA

e Where the documents provided are in a language other than English, an English translation should be provided.

Translation of Documents in English is attached following the document itself wherever document in language other than English was given

f The Questionnaire for environmental appraisal of mining projects as devised earlier by the Ministry shall also be filled and submitted.

Questionnaire will be attached in the final EIA

g While preparing the EIA report, the instructions for the Proponents and instructions for the Consultants issued by MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006-

Complied with MoEF vide O.M. No. J-11013/41/2006- IA.II (I) dated 4th August, 2009. Disclosure of consultant is given in Chapter 10.



IA.II(I) dated 4th August, 2009, which are available on the website of this Ministry, should be followed.

h Changes, if any made in the basic scope and project parameters (as submitted in Form-I and the PFR for securing the TOR) should be brought to the attention of MoEF&CC with reasons for such changes and permission should be sought, as the TOR may also have to be altered. Post Public Hearing changes in structure and content of the draft EIA/EMP (other modifications arising out of the P.H. process) will entail conducting the PH again with the revised documentation.

EIA EMP is prepared as per Form I & PFR submitted at EAC, MoEF & CC and SEAC, Bihar for award of ToR. Public Hearing Proceedings will be incorporated in Final EIA-EMP Report.

i As per the circular no. J-11011/618/2010-IA.II (I) dated 30.05.2012, certified report of the status of compliance of the conditions stipulated in the environment clearance for the existing operations of the project, should be obtained from the Regional Officer of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, as may be applicable.

This is a fresh project. Hence, J-11011/618/2010-IA.II (I) dated 30.05.2012 is not applicable.

j The EIA report should also include (i) surface plan of the area indicating contours of main topographic features, drainage and mining area, (ii) geological maps and sections and (iii) sections of the mine pit and external dumps, if any, clearly showing the land features of the adjoining area.

Surface Plan on Toposheet showing Topographic features, drainage and mining area are given in Chapter 3 Geological maps and sections is attached as Annexure II



CHAPTER – 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

This project is proposed for the excavation of stone from the designated waste land. It is an opencast OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method) mining to excavate stone (minor mineral) in its

existing form for direct usage as a construction material.

2.2 NEED OF THE STONE MINOR MINERAL MINING PROJECT

Budget 2016 echoes the need to foster the infrastructure ecosystem and outlines the policies and reforms which are expected to revive the growth of infrastructure. As a result, demand of sand minor mineral has increased mainly in infrastructure activities like roads, highways, buildings & townships. With the rapid pace of development, the GAP between demand & supply of Sand minor mineral as Construction Material must be minimized to control the pricing mechanism. The price correction in the sand minor mineral rates will definitely provide growth impetus to our citizens and as well as to our economy (both directly and indirectly), if it is available legally. Therefore, utilization of stone through scientific mining methodologies (sustainable mining) at the proposed stretch of Nawada in Bihar must be allowed to support growth of region.

Project Location and Layout

Figure 0-2showing the Location map



Figure 0-3Google Map showing the Pillar Cordinates of the ML Area

Mining Lease Area 5.0 Ha Revenue village names for this Mine Lease

Rajauli, Tehsil & District Nawada , Bihar

Connected/Nearby Highways for Transportation of Stone

NH - 31 (Shown in Evacuation Map)

Table 2.1 : Nearby Sensitive Areas and Existing Basic Amenities (in 10 Km Buffer)

Historical Monuments None Status of Protected/ Other Areas

Sobhwa Maran PF About 5.5 Km NE Jhirkhi PF About 7.6 Km NE

Dhamni RF About 4.0 Kms East Chatkar PF About 7.5 Km East

Dibaur RF About 5.0 Kms SE Dumarkol PF About 2 Km South

Pelmo PF About 9 Km East

Burhiya sankh PF About 7 Km ESE



Budua PF About 8.5 Km NE

Nearest Medical Facilities Rajauli. Hospital - 2.5 Km SW Nearest Educational Facilities Upgrade High school 1.7 Km SW Nearest Police Station Rajauli Police Station 2.8 km, SW Nearest Post Office Rajauli Post Office is 2.5 km, SW

2.3 GEOLOGY

2.3.1 Regional Geology

Geologically, the region represents the northern front of Indian sub-continent. These include(i) the belt of Himalayan foothills in the northern fringe of Paschim Champaran (ii) the vast Ganga Plains, (iii) the Vindhyan (Kaimur) Plateau extending into Rohtas region, (iv) the sporadic and small Gondwana basin outliers in Banka district, (v) the Satpura Range extending into large part of the area North of Chotanagpur Plateau, (vi) the parts of Bihar Mica belt in Nawada, Jamui and Banka districts and (vii) the Granite Gneissic complex of Chotanagpur plateau. Nearly two third of Bihar is under

cover of Ganga basin composed of alluvium and masks the nature of basement rocks.

Table 0-1Showing the Geological Succession and their Occurrences distribution Age Geology Occurrences

Quaternary Alluvial Deposits (Sand, Clay, Silt, Fragments)

North Bihar Plain & Central Bihar Plain

Tertiary Sand Stones & Clay Stones North Champaran Hills

Gondwana Coal Measures, Forming a series of Small outlier basins

Banka District

Vindhyans Sandstones,Shales, Limestones, etc.

Parts of Bahbhua and dist Rohtas.

Satpura Schist, Phyllite, Quartzite

Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Nalanda, Sheikhpura and Munger District

Proterozoic

Mica Schist, amphibolites, quartzite,granite, dolerite and pegmatite

Nawada, Jamui and Banka

Archaean Gneisses, Granites, Schists, Phyllites, quartzite, mphibolites & intrusive all metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks

Part of Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, Banka and Bhagalpur



Figure 2.3 Geological Map of Bihar (Source: Statement of Environment Report, Feb, 2007, BPCB)

2.3.2 Local Geology

Pre-cambrain rocks of Archaean age:

The crystalline rocks in the district are mica schists, granite gneiss, quartzite and quartz schist, hornblends schist and mica pegmatites etc. These rock types constitute the hill ranges and cover south and eastern parts of Rajauli block, southern parts of Sirdala block north central and southern parts of Govindpur blocks and south, south-eastern and northern parts of Kauakol block.The Archaeans are the oldest rock formation in the state. The most predominant rock type is mainly of gneisses and granitic rocks with lesser amount of schists, quartzites, basic intrusives and pegmatoides. They are exposed in Aurangabad, Gaya, Nawada, Jamui, Bhagalpur and Banka districts.

Surface Geological Map has been attached as Annexure II (Approved Mine Plan)



Table 0-2Geological and Mineable Reserves S.No Category Reserves (Tonnes) 1 Total Proved Reserves 58,18,520 MT

2 Total Mineable Reserves 36,37,144MT 3 Targeted Production (during the 5 years of

lease) 36,35,800 MT (5 x7,27,160)

(Source: Approved Mine Plan)

2.4 PROJECT - ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION

SCHEDULE.

2.4.1 Mining

This project is proposed for the excavation of building stone manually from its hard terrain. It is opencast manual mining with adoption of drilling & blasting. The material (minor Mineral) will be extracted in its existing form for direct usage as a construction material. Mining will be done from209.1 mRL to 173.0 mRL & about 19 m above the ground water table. Year wise proposed production details as per approved Mining Plan are given below:-

Table 0-3Excavation Schedule Year Total Production

(MTPA) Ist 7,27,160

IInd 7,27,160

IIIrd 7,27,160

IVth 7,27,160

Vth 7,27,160

(Source: Mine Plan)

2.4.2 Mining Methodology (Methods of Working for this project)

As per Bihar Minor Mineral Concession Rules, 2014 extraction of stone minor mineral will be done above the ground water table at the site.

Existing Method of mining:

One pit will be dug in the lease area .Drilling is being carried out with 25mm dia jack h ammer drill rids & blasting material is explosive. The blasted material broken by manually up to sized 2ft & loaded into tippers manually dispatch to crusher plant within the lease mine site. Mining is being carried thought the formation of one bench. The height of bench was kept 2m width of benches was kept 3.0m with face slope 60o. Approach road having width 5 m & gradient 1:16 already has been

provided to mining faces for the transportation of mineral.



Proposed method of mining:

The mining operation will be carried out by OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method) by using HEMM (Heavy Earth Moving & Mining Equipment) for excavation, production and removal of waste

with a combination of dumpers/Tippers.

The method of working is going to be methodical & not endanger to the employee working in the mines. There will be one bench of 6 meter in mineral and overburden soil will be removed by using manual or machine without making any bench as thickness of the over burden is negligible. Since the deposit is Medium hilly terrain, the over burden removal & production may take place simultaneously. Keeping in view the production target, the method of mining adopted shall be by opencast OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method)method on a single shift basis with the deployment of rock breaker, excavator, Wagon drill, jackhammer drill, compressor and

Dumpers/Tippers.

Mode of working

For the optimum utilization of the mineral available in the lease area, mine working has been planned and scientific layout has been designed considering the following parameters

A clear gap of 7.5 m is provided along with the lease boundary as required under MMR 1961. The approach road will be repaired as when required. The quarry planning, slope, height, width and length of the benches are planned on the basis

of deposit. Since the deposit is very simple, shallow and beds are horizontal, the simple machine mining is most suitable.

Simultaneous plantation will also be done along the lease boundary & the buffer zone.

The OB removal & production of mineral for the first five years has been mentioned

2.4.3 Conceptual Mining Plan

The entire area is consisting of stony outcrops and depth of mining pits has reached 24m. Occurrence of stone is established at the floor of pit & persists in depth. Therefore, no future exploration program has been envisaged during plan period. The ultimate shape of pit by the end of conceptual period shall be same as the shape of area except 7.5m barrier. Size of the lease hold by the end of conceptual period shall be 4.74 ha having length 390m & width 101m & depth from outcrop to

proved 60m.

The height of benches shall be kept 6m, width of benches shall be kept 6m & slope of Benches shall be kept 70 deg. 7,41,720 TPA of Normal Stone shall be generated during plan period.

Mining will be done from 209.1 mRL to 149mRL. After completion of mining the outer periphery of mining pit shall be fenced. During plan period & by the end of conceptual period no waste shall be generated. All quantities of stone to be exploited shall be used for making aggregates. Therefore it is not possible to rehabilitate the mined out benches. The mined out pit shall remain open & rain water will accumulate in the pits. A water body in the area will be boon to local people for improving their life style.



Fig.2.4. Schematic representation comparing Ground Level

Present Land use pattern and after 5 years of the Mine Lease

Table 2.4: Land use Pattern of the Mine Lease Area (After 5 yrs& Conceptual Period)

Activity

Area Occupied (Ha.) During next five years

At the end of conceptual period

Mining and Existing pits

4.68 _

Waste dumps Nil Road 0.02 0.02 Plantation 0.10 _

Crusher 0.20 _ Balance undisturbed land

Nil 4.98

Total 5.00 5.0

Table 2.5: Proposed Infrastructure, Water Supply, Manpower and Basic Amenities

Proposed Basic Amenities will be provided to workers at the mine site during operational phase.

Rest room shelter/Tents, first-aid facility, PP kit-temporary structure office and Portable Bio-toilets, etc

Power requirement Mining operations will be carried out only during the day, hence No Electricity is required.

Nearest source of Water supply & Demand Daily water demand is assumed as 3.4 KLD and it will be procured through tankers by near villages as per demand.

Manpower Requirement Total employment in the Mining activities will be around 55 People and local villagers will be preferred for skilled and non-skilled jobs after training.



Fig 2.5: Water Balance Chart

Table 2.6: Manpower Requirements

Table :2.7: List of Machineries

S. No Type of Machine Nos. Size/ Capacity 1 DTH 2 25m/hr 2 Hydraulic Excavator 03 1.2 m3 3 Compressor 2 300 cfm 4 Jackhammer 4 5 Tippers 09 10 MT 6 Water Sprinkler 01 10 MT

Total Water Requirement

(3.4 KLD)

Dust Suppression/water sprinkling at mine site

(1 KLD)

Domestic

(1.1 KLD)

Plantation

(0.5 KLD)

Dust suppression in ancilliary unit (0.8 KLD)

S. No. Category Numbers 1 Mines manager/mining engineer (Full time) 1 2 Mines mate / Blaster 2 3 Driver 4 4 Supervisor 8 5 Time keeper 1 6 Office assistant/dispatch supervisor 1 7 Semi-skilled personnel 3 8 Unskilled personnel 35 Total 55



CHAPTER – 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

EIA process requires the primary baseline data collection to know the information on the biophysical, social and economic backgrounds of Mine Lease Area. The stations are considered based on their sensitivity by considering the close proximity with the sensitive zones like reserve forests and expected high pollutant concentration zones like Naka etc. The baseline data have been collected as per CPCB guidelines in the month ofMar- May 2016 by NABL approved laboratory M/s Noida Testing Laboratory, Noida. 3.2SOURCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA The baseline information on micro-meteorology, ambient air quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions have largely been drawn from the data generated by M/s Noida Testing Laboratory, Noida. However, Secondary Data are obtained from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, publications of Statistical Department, Reports on soil survey and the records of Land use Organization, District Industries Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground Water Board, etc. 3.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR BASELINE STUDY The study area of the Environment Impact Assessment comprises of core and buffer zones. The field survey for the collection of the baseline data commenced in Mar, 2016 and continued till Jan, 2016. The data collected is pertaining to air, water, noise, soil, geology, and various ecological parameters. A socio-economic study is also conducted in the study area. Field surveys are also conducted in the study area for the purpose of augmenting the remote sensing data. For this purpose data on various attributes such as land features, rivers, forest and land use type are recorded from the ground land cover facility (GLCF). Baseline Data had been collected & analyzed in relation to proposed mine are as follows:- Physiographic Analysis

Land Environment Water Environment

Air Environment Noise Environment Biological Environment

Socio-Economic Environment

3.4 COLLECTION & ANALYSIS OF BASELINE DATA

3.4.1 Physiography The allotted area is a hillock with gentle slope towards North East. However a depression trending north-west is also noticed in the central portion of hillock. The general slope in the area is towards N & NW. Mining activity is limited on NE portion of the lease areaThere is no protected or reserved forest in and around the allotted area. Lease area comprises pasture land. There is no agricultural land within area.There is no habitation within allotted area.



3.4.2 Topography of region:- Fig. 3.1.Shows Topographic Map of the region with project site demarcated on Survey of India 1:50,000 Toposheet. Most of the study area is covered by forest. The area has a good network of metalled roads.

Fig. 3.1: Topography Map of the Study Area.

3.4.3 Drainage: The district of Nawada does not have any important perennial river. Those, which

are worthy to mention, are the Tilaiya, Ghaghra, Khuri, Sakri and Dhanarjya. The beds of these rivers

are shallow, wide and sandy. They are ephemeral in nature and are virtually in spate during the rainy

season. The district of Nawada also has some important waterfalls such as Kakolat and Hadhadwa.



Fig. 3.2 Drainage Map of the Study Area.

Seismicity of Area: The project site falls under seismic zone III which is a moderate risk zone. The IS code

assigns zone factor of 0.16 for zone IV.



Fig. 3.3 Project Location shown in Seismic Map of India

Fig. 3.4 Earthquake Zones of Bihar

Project Site



Floods:Bihar is India’s most flood-prone State, with 76 percent of the population, in the north Bihar living under the recurring threat of flood devastation. About 68800 sq Km out of total geographical area of 94163 sq Km comprising 73.06 percent is flood affected. The plains of Bihar, adjoining Nepal, are drained by a number of rivers that have their catchments in the steep and geologically nascent Himalayas. Kosi, Gandak,Burhi Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla Balan, Mahananda and Adhwara Group of rivers originates in Nepal, carry high discharge and very high sediment load and drops it down in the plains of Bihar. About 65% of catchments area of these rivers falls in Nepal/Tibet and only 35% of catchments area lies in Bihar. A review by Kale (1997) indicated that the plains of north Bihar have recorded the highest number of floods during the last 30years. In the years 1978, 1987, 1998, 2004 and 2007 Bihar witnessed high magnitudes of flood. The total area affected by floods has also increased during these years. Flood of 2004 demonstrates the severity of flood problem when a vast area of 23490 Sq Km was badly affected by the floods of Bagmati, Kamla & Adhwara groups of rivers causing loss of about 800 human lives, even when Ganga, the master drain was flowing low.

Fig. 3.5 Project Location shown in Flood Hazard Map of Bihar



3.4.4 Land Environment

Object of this study is to provide a baseline status of the study area covering 10 Km radius around the proposed Mine site so that temporal changes due to the mining activities o n the surroundings can

be assessed.

Land Use/Land Cover Area: Classification scheme adopted for the preparation of land use/land cover maps on 1:50,000 scales.

Fig. 3.6 Land Use Pattrn of the Study Area (10 km Buffer Map)

3.4.5 Soil Environment

The objectives of the soil sampling are:-

To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; To determine the impact of existing as well as proposed activity on soil characteristics and; To determine the impact on soil more importantly with agriculture production point of view.



Fig. 3.7Soil Monitoring Location Map

Table 3.1 : Soil Monitoring Location Details S.No Name Distance (Km) Direction SQ1 Core Zone 0 0 SQ2 Ekchatwa Village 500 Meters SE SQ3 Chhapra Village 2.9 NW

SQ4 Dhamni Village 3.1 SSE SQ5 Kumharua Village 2.5 SE

SQ6 Rajauli Village 2.8 SW SQ7 NH-31 6.08 NW



Table 3.2 :The Soil analysis results

Result

The analysis results show that pH lies in ranges from 7.36 to 7.81, thus water is somewhat neutral

.Nitrogen is found between 0.063% to 0.081%.

S. No.

Parameter Unit SQ1 (Core Zone)

SQ2 (Near Village Ekchatwa)

SQ3(Near Chhapra)

SQ4 (Dhamni)

SQ5 (Kumharua)

SQ6 (Rajauli)

SQ7 (NH-31)

1. pH(1:5 suspension)

- 7.81 7.56 7.68 7.36 7.36 7.68 7.81

2. Electrical Conductivity at 25OC (1:5suspension.)

µS/cm 444 423 419 396 396 412 448

3. Calcium (as Ca) mg/kg 129.40 1803.5 1963.0 1865.2 1865.2 1798.0 1836

4. Magnesium(as Mg)

mg/kg 129.40 134.30 114.01 138.6 138.6 141.30 145.0

5. Sodium (as Na) mg/kg 368.20 352.0 325.5 345.2 345.2 325.65 369.5

6. Potassium(as K) mg/kg 115.80 118.90 125.03 136.20 136.20 126.30 129.6

7. Water holding Capacity

% by mass 30.64 32.58 30.89 32.60 32.60 35.30 31.20

8. Porosity % by mass 26.30 28.69 26.38 24.26 24.26 28.54 26.42

9. Sand % by mass 64.32 50.26 48.60 50.23 50.23 46.46 48.86

10. Clay % by mass 22.10 36.30 34.50 32.60 32.60 35.67 38.50

11. Silt % by mass 13.58 8.44 16.90 17.17 17.17 17.87 13.0

12. Cation Exchange Capacity

Meq/100gm

26.85 25.84 25.84 24.56 24.56 26.37 28.03

13. Sodium Absorption Ratio

- 5.06 4.92 4.92 5.03 5.03 5.36 4.36

14. Nitrogen % by mass 0.075 0.069 0.069 0.081 0.081 0.071 0.063

15. Phosphorus (as P2O5)

mg/kg 22.30 28.60 28.60 33.02 33.02 29.25 26.30

16. Total Zinc mg/kg 26.30 33.20 33.20 36.07 36.07 35.06 36.09

17. Bulk Density gm /cc 1.28 1.31 1.31 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.36



3.4.6 Air Environment

The prime objective of the baseline air monitoring was to evaluate the existing air quality of the area.

This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during

the operation of the mine. The baseline status of the air quality has been assessed though a

scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network based on the following

considerations:-

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale; Topography of the study area; Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and Representatives of likely impact areas. a) Micro-Meteorological Data:

Meteorology is the key to understand the air quality. The essential relationship between

meteorological condition and atmospheric dispersion involves the wind in the broadest sense. Other

factors such as variation in temperature, humidity etc. also plays a direct role in dispersion and

dilution of pollutants. Wind fluctuations over a wide range of time, accomplish dispersion and

strongly influence other processes associated with them. This section makes a comparative analysis

of the meteorological data of the study area collected by the project team.

An auto weather monitoring stations is installed at Rajauli village during the study period to record

various meteorological parameters on hourly basis to understand the wind pattern, temperature

variation, rainfall and relative humidity variation. The hourly meteorological data recorded is as

follows:-

Table 3.3: Meteorological Data Summary

Month Wind Speed

(kmph)

Temperature

(oC)

Relative

Humidity (%)

Rain Fall * (mm)

Mea

n

Max

.

% o

f ca

lm

Min

(Dry

Bu

lb)

Max

Mea

n

Min

Max

Mea

n

To

tal

24

-ho

urs

Hig

hes

t

No

. of

rain

y d

ays

Mar

ʻ16

2.7 8.7 15 26 39 15 52 92 19 9.8 37.6 1

Apr

‘16

3.4 10.3 12 34 43 22 33 87 12 8.9 51.2 0.7

May

‘16

2.8 11.3 11 33 44 23 50 90 17 16.

2

116.

8

1.4



Wind Rose Diagram: Wind rose is the diagrammatic representation of wind speed in a specified direction with its arms

representing sixteen directions. Each arm gives a clear frequency distribution of wind speed in a

particular direction for a given period of time. SE is the dominant wind direction, 10 is calm

percentage.

Fig. 3.8 Wind Rose Diagram for the study period

b) Ambient Air Quality Data

Ambient air quality monitoring stations were selected on the basis of surface influence, demographic

influence and meteorological influence, which all are as follows :-

o One location on the upwind depending upon the wind profile/pattern.

Two locations on the downwind side depending upon wind pattern (predominant

directions)

o One area covering the sensitive area within the vicinity.

o One location covering the transportation convergences route.



o One location covering the major habitation.

o One location on the downwind direction where the max. GLC's are falling.

o One monitoring station within 500 m of the mine lease in the pre-dominant downwind

direction

Fig. 3.9 Air Quality Monitoring Stations

The ambient air monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days in a week at eight

locations covering one complete season.

Sampling FrequencyTable 3.4: Sampling Frequency

Parameters Sampling Frequency

PM10 24 hourly sample twice a week

PM2.5 24 hourly sample twice a week SO2 8 hourly for 24 hrs sample twice a

week NOx 8 hourly for 24 hrs sample twice a

week

Sampling Locations



Table 3.5: Ambient air Sampling Location Details

S.No Name Distance (Km) Direction

AQ1 Core Zone 0 0

AQ2 500 Mtrs Downwind Direction (Near Vill Ekchatwa) 500 Meters SE

AQ3 Dhamni (Sensitive Area) 3.1 SSE

AQ4 Kumharua 2.5 SE

AQ5 Upwind Direction (Near Chhapra) 2.9 NW

AQ6 Rajauli (Commercial) 2.8 SW

AQ7 NH-31(Transport Convergence) 6.08 NW

Table3.6:Statistical Summary of Concentration Levels of Criteria Pollutants

S. No.

Criteria Pollutant

Locations & Station Names Min Max CPCB Standard

(µg/m3) 1 PM2.5

(µg/m3) AQ1 Proposed Site (Core Zone) 27.1 36.8 60

AQ2 Village Ekchatwa 26.8 35.2 AQ3 Village Dhamni 24.2 34.6

AQ4 Village Kumharua 26.3 32.0 AQ5 Village Chhapra 28.2 33.6

AQ6 Rajauli 26.4 35.8

AQ7 NH 31 (transport Convergence)

26.2 36.0

2 PM10

(µg/m3)

AQ1 Village Ekchatwa 60.0 68.4 100

AQ2 Village Dhamni 57.9 60.8 AQ3 Village Kumharua 53.2 60.3 AQ4 Village Chhapra 58.3 63.8 AQ5 Rajauli 56.0 64.4


60.2 64.8

AQ7 Village Ekchatwa 62.4 66.5 3 SO2

(µg/m3)

AQ1 Village Ekchatwa 6.0 8.3 80

AQ2 Village Dhamni 6.8 10.7

AQ3 Village Kumharua 5.7 8.2 AQ4 Village Chhapra 9.3 12.2

AQ5 Rajauli 7.6 9.8


9.2 12.6



AQ7 Village Ekchatwa 10.5 11.1

4 NO2

(µg/m3) AQ1 Village Ekchatwa 8.6 14.3 80

AQ2 Village Dhamni 11.4 13.8

AQ3 Village Kumharua 10.3 13.5 AQ4 Village Chhapra 10.6 14.5 AQ5 Rajauli 10.2 14.8


10.8 15.2

AQ7 Village Ekchatwa 14.2 16.7

Results

The Ambient Air Quality Monitoring reveals that of seven monitoring stations the minimum

concentrations of PM10 were 53.1 g/m3 at Village Dhamni (AQ 3) and maximum 68.2 g/m3 at Proposed Site(AQ1). The results of PM2.5 reveals that the minimum concentration of 24.2 g/m3 was recorded at Village Dhamni (AQ 3), while maximum concentration of 36.8 g/m3 was found at Project Site (AQ 1).

As far as gaseous pollutants SO2 and NOx are concerned, the prescribed CPCB limit of 80 g/m3 for residential and rural areas had never surpassed at any selected station. The minimum & maximum concentrations of SO2 were found to be 5.7 g/m3 at Village Dhamni (AQ 3), & 12.6 g/m3 at Rajauli

(AQ 4). The minimum & maximum concentrations of NOx were found to be 8.6 g/m3 at proposed site (AQ1) & 16.7 g/m3 at National highway31 (AQ 7).

3.4.7 Noise Environment

The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise level and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated during the project operations around the project site.

The impact of noise on surrounding community depends on:

Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It is well known that steady noise is not as annoying as one feels compared to is continuo usly varying noise.

The time, at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance.

The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive area, this determines the loudness and period of noise exposure.

The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss

(NIHL) to annoyance on loudness of Noise levels.



3.4.8 Ambient Noise Level Data

The statistical analysis is done for measured noise level at eight locations. The parameters are

analyzed for Leq (day) and Leq (night). The statistical analysis results are given in below:-

Table 3.7: Ambient Noise Level Results

S.No. Station Names Distance (Km)

Direction Leq Value monitored, indB(A)

DAY* NIGHT*

NQ1 Proposed Site

(Core Zone) 0 0

49.09 32.95

NQ2 Village

Ekchatwa 500 Meters SE

50.8 35.8

NQ3 Village Dhamni 3.1 SSE

51.6 39.1

NQ3 Village Dhamni 3.1 SSE 51.6 39.1

NQ4 Village

Kumharua 2.5 SE

60.45 51.20

NQ5 Village Chhapra 2.9 NW 52.1 37.6

NQ6 Rajauli 2.8 SW

48.23 43.05

NQ7 NH 31

(transport

Convergence) 6.08 NW

62.99 53.04



Fig 3.10: Location of Noise Monitoring Stations

Result

The values of noise observed in some of the areas are primarily owing to vehicular traffic and other

anthropogenic activities. Noise monitoring reveals that the maximum & minimum noise levels in day time

were recorded as 62.99 dB(A) at NH 31 & 48.23 dB(A) Rajauli respectively. The maximum & minimum noise

levels at night time were found to be 53.04 dB(A) at NH 31 & 32.95 dB(A) at Project Site & respectively.

3.4.9 Water Environment

The purpose of the study is to:-

Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters;

Evaluate the impacts on agriculture productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics of

the vicinity; and

Predict the likely impacts on water quality due to the mining and other related activities.



Water Quality

The sources of potable water are the hand pumps, tub-wells & dug well situated nearby villages in the study

area. Samples were collected from the available water resources around the applied mine lease area. The

samples were collected & tested from different sites.

Total of6 groundwater samples were taken

Table 3.8: Water Sampling locations

S.No. Station Names Distance (Km) Direction

GW1 Core Zone 0 0

GW2 Ekchatwa Village 500 Meters SE

GW3 Chhapra Village 2.9 NW

GW4 Dhamni Village 3.1 SSE

GW5 Kumharua Village 2.5 SE

GW6 Rajauli Village 2.8 SW

GW7 NH-31 6.08 NW

SW 1 Upstream river Dhanarji

SW 2 Downstream river Dhanarji



Ground & Surface Water Sampling Stations

Fig: 3.11 :Location of Water Monitoring Stations



Analysis and Results of Water samples

Table 3.9– Results of Ground water analysis

S. No.

Parameter Test method

Ground Water Analysis Unit Requirement (Acceptable Limit)

Permissible Limit in absence of alternate source

GW-1 (Core Zone)

GW-2 (Village Ekchhatwa)

GW-3 ( Chhapra)

GW-4 (Dhamni)

GW-5(Kumharua)

GW-6

(Rajauli)

GW-7(NH-31)

Organoleptic & Physical parameters

1. Colour IS-3025(P-04)

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Hazen Unit

15 15

2. Odour IS-3025(P-05)

Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

- Agreeable Agreeable

3. Taste IS-3025(P-07 & 08)

Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

Agreeable

- Agreeable -

4. Turbidity IS-3025(P-10)

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 NTU 1 5

5. pH value IS-3025(P-04)

7.99 7.13 7.31 7.63 7.37 7.58 7.84

-- 6.5-8.5 --

6. Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)

IS-3025(P-16)

806.49 1285.46 1689.18 1185.05

1032.58 1792.05 1705.32 mg/l 500 2000

General Properties -

7. Aluminum (as Al)

IS:3025 (P- 55)

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.03 0.2

8. Total Ammonia

IS:3025 (P- 34)

BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.5 No Relaxation

9. Anionic surface Detergents(as MBAS)

Annex K of IS-13428


10. Barium (as Ba)

IS: 15302 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.7 No Relaxation



11. Boron (as B)

IS:3025 (P- 57)


12. Calcium(as Ca)

IS:3025 (P- 40)

189.45 143.78 170.32 151.02 148.96 181.78 189.04 mg/l 75 200

13. Chloramines (as Cl2)

IS:3025 (P- 26)


14. Chloride (as Cl)

IS:3025 (P- 32)

323.10 763.18 803.14 731.02 770.31 830.45 820.36 mg/l 250 1000

15. Copper (as Cu)

IS :3025 (P-42)


16. Fluoride(as F)

IS: 3025 (P-60)

1.02 1.02 1.09 0.98 1.13 1.31 1.23 mg/l 1.0 1.5

17. Free Residual Chlorine

IS: 3025 (P-26)


18. Iron (as Fe)

IS: 3025(P-53)

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 mg/l 0.3 No Relaxation

19. Magnesium (as Mg)

IS: 3025 (P-46)

40.05 74.18 77.05 69.12 78.16 81.02 78.10 mg/l 30 100

20. Manganese (as Mn)

Clause 35 of IS 3025


22. Nitrate (as NO3)

IS: 3025 (P- 34)

23.05 25.10 28.31 25.83 22.69 32.5 29.15 mg/l 45 No Relaxation

23. Selenium (as Se)

IS:3025 (P- 56)


24 Silver (as Ag)

Annex IS: 13428


25 Sulphate (as SO4)

IS:3025 (P- 24)

185.32 196.36 283.49 206.34 190.52 286.02 286.68 mg/l 200 400

26 Sulphide(as H2S)

IS-3025 (P-29)


27 Alkalinity ( as Ca CO3)

IS:3025 (P- 23)

106.36 105.29 196.18 109.12 100.14 280.12 200.11 mg/l 200 600



28 Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

IS:3025 (P- 23)

275.02 203.34 364.09 276.18 196.66 364.08 371.09 mg/l 300 600

29 Zinc (as Zn)

IS:3025 (P- 49)

3.06 3.12 3.80 3.03 2.89 3.71 3.83 mg/l 5 15

Toxic Properties

30. Cadmium (as Cd)

IS-3025(P-41)


31. Cyanide (as CN)

IS-3025(P-27)


32. Lead ( as Pb)

IS-3025(P-47)


33. Mercury (as Hg)

IS-3025(P-48)


34. Molybdenum (Mo)

IS-3025(P-2) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.07 No Relaxation

35. Nickel (as Ni)

Annex L of IS-13428


36. Poly nuclear Aromatic

APHA 6440 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.0001 No Relaxation

37 Poly chlorinated biphenyl

APHA 6630 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL mg/l 0.0005 No Relaxation

38. Arsenic (as As)

IS-3025(P-37)


39. Total Chromium (as Cr)

Annex J of IS-13428


Biological Properties

40. Escherichia coli

IS-1622

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent/250ml



41 Coliform Bacteria

IS-1622

Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent/250ml

BDL : Below Detectable Limit

Result The analysis results indicate that pH of the groundwater to be in range of 7.31 – 7.99. The TDS were found to be in the range of 806.49 - 1689.18mg/l. Total Hardness were found in range of 196.66 mg/l and 371.09 mg/ l. All parameters were found within permissible in absence of alternative source. The necessary treatment required to minimize the impact has been mentioned in EMP and cost to be borne by the Project Proponent has been given in CSR activities.



3.4.11 Biological Environment

Introduction

The biodiversity we see today is the fruit of billions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes. The vast array of interactions among the various components of biodiversity makes the planet habitable for all species, including humans. There is a growing recognition that, biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to present and future generations. At the same time, the threat to species and ecosystems has never been as great as it is today. Species extinction caused

by human activities continues at an alarming rate. Protecting biodiversity is in our self -interest.

The biological study was under taken by Ecology & Biodiversity Expert, as a part of the EIA study report to understand the present status of ecosystem prevailing in the study area, to compare it with past condition with the help of available data, to predict changes in the biological environment as a result of present activities and to suggested measures for maintaining its health.

Rajauli is a Block in Nawada district of the state of Bihar in India, with Rajauli town being the block

head quarter. It belongs to the Magadh Division and is located 31 km towards South, f rom District

head quarters Nawada and 133 km from state capital Patna towards North. Nawada district is one of

the thirty-eight districts of the state of Bihar and Nawada town is the administrative headquarters of

this district. It occupies an area of 2,494 square kilometers (963 sq mi) and is located at 24.88N-

85.53E. Since the opening of The South Bihar Railway, on which it is a station, Nawada has been

growing into an important trade centre.

(Source:http://nawada.bih.nic.in/about.htm )

A survey was conducted to study the flora around 10 km radius. Some of the information was gathered from the local habitants. All the collected data were classified to interpret the impact of pollution on the flora and fauna of that region. Survey of the mild plants as well as cultivated crop plants was made and all the available information was recorded. The primary data collected was compared with the Secondary data collected from Environment and Forest Department, Govern ment of Bihar.

Physical Environment of the Study Area

Nawada district is surrounded by Nalanda district and Shekhpura district on the North side and by

Jamui district on the east side and by the district of Gaya and Koderma on the West and South side. It

is located between historical districts of Nalanda and Gaya and falls under Magadha Commissionary.

The water bodies of the area includes two rivers and namely i) Khuri Nadi, which is at a distance of

1.4 km, flowing from SW to NE direction, and ii) Dhararji Nadi at a distance of 1.5 km flowing from

SW to NW direction. Job reservoir, with a gross storage capacity of 12000×103m3 also falls in the 10

km radius of the study area (buffer area). This was particularly designed for the purpose of

irrigation.

http://nawada.bih.nic.in/about.htm



Accumulation of rain or flood water over a considerable part of the district makes the land fit for Paddy cultivation. Principal crops are paddy, wheat, gram, maize, arhar, khesari, peas, sugarcane, potatoes, chillies and mung. Rice is the most important crop of Rajauli.

(Source: http://www.rainrays.com/topic/district_nawada-4202-255.htm )

Objectives and Purpose of Study:

The basic objectives of the study are to evaluate the status of the flora and fauna of the core area and the buffer areas with specific reference to the rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET) species. The study is also designed to evaluate the adverse impacts of the proposed activity, if any and to suggest remedial / mitigation measures in accordance with the objectives as desired by the IAIA and the Ministry of Environment , Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), Government of India

(GoI).

Forest Cover in Nawada District

The State forest cover is 7288 sq km, which constitutes 7.74% of the geographic area. Very dense forest accounts for 248 sq km, moderately dense forest 3376 sq km and open forest 3664 sq km. The recorded forest area of Nawada is 509 sq km which is 20.41% of the geographic area of the district.

(Source: India State of Forest Report 2015)

There are 9 protected forests near the study area, the name and the details are given below:

Dhamni PF, 3.4 km in South East Direction

Dumarkol PF, 2.01km in South Direction

Budua PF, 9.94 km in North East Direction

Jhirkhi PF, 7.82 km in North East Direction Pelmo PF, 9.43 North East Direction

Baratanr PF, 5.58 km South East Direction Sobhwa Maran PF, 5.91 km North East Direction Burhiya Sankh PF, 7.13km South East Direction

Dibaur PF, 5.76 km South East Direction

Forest Types of Nawada district

The area has varied topography ranging from plains to a few small hillocks. The study area is dominated by mainly agricultural area and few stretches of open scrub can also be seen. The following table indicates the Recorded Forest Area of the state:

http://www.rainrays.com/topic/district_nawada-4202-255.htm



Table 3.10: Forest Type in District Nawada

Recorded Forest Area

Reserve Forest 693 sq km Protected Forest 5,779 sq km

Un-classed Forest 1 sq km Total 6,493 sq km

Of State’s Geographical Area 6.90% Of India’s Forest Area 0.85%

(Source: Indian State Forest Report 2015)

The two main forest types, dominant in the area includes

I. Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest and II. Dry Peninsular Sal Forest.

III. Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest:

This type occurs on the upper dry slopes along the Siwaliks and their extensions. The upper canopy is usually light, open and irregular. The trees having relatively short bole and poor form and a height rarely over 10 meters. The canopy is formed entirely of deciduous trees. Major species are Cassia fistula, Diospyros tomentosa, Acacia catechu, Anogeissus latifolia, Bombax ceiba, Albizialebbeck , Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, Acacia modesta, Bauhinia variegata, Syzygium cumini, Mangifera indica, Ehretia laevis, Phoenix spp., Morus alba,Morusaustralia, Terminalia tomentosa, Boswellia serrata, Aegle marmelos, Bauhinia racemosa, Bauhinia purpurea, Erythrina suberosa, Ficus glomerata, Grewia elastica, Mallotus philippensis and Shorea robusta.

i) Dry Peninsular Sal Forest:

This type is generally met with on exposed sites, upper hill slopes and ridges with varying aspects. The crop is generally poorly stocked and for the most part open and grassy. Sal is the dominant species in the overwood but seldom exceeds 50 feet in height and is almost invariably misshapen and hollow. The common species are Buchnania lanzan, Diospyros melanoxylon, Anogeissus latifolia, Wendlandia tinctoria, Gardenia gummifera, Woodfordia fructicosa, Eulaliopsis binata, Heteropogon contortus, Arundinella setosa.

Survey Methodology

Detailed survey was conducted to evaluate floral and faunal composition of the study area. Primary data on floral and faunal composition was recorded during site visit and secondary data was

collected from the Forest department and published relevant literature.

Field study period: The ecological survey has been conducted for one season. The details are given below: Core zone: At the project site. Buffer zone: Around the project site in 10 km radius. Inventory of flora and fauna has been prepared on the basis of collected data. The mode of data and parameters considered during field investigations is given below: Methodology for Terrestrial Ecology: The primary objective of survey was to describe the floral and faunal communities within the study area. The sampling plots for floral inventory were selected



randomly in the suitable habitats (Anderson, 1867; Jain and Rao, 1983). The methodology adopted for faunal survey involve random survey, opportunistic observations, diurnal bird observation, active search for reptiles, faunal habitat assessment, active search for scats and foot prints, animal call, and review of previous studies. The aim was to set baselines in order to monitor and identify trends after the commissioning of the mining activity. Emphasis has been placed on presence of endemic species,

threatened species if any present in the study area.

Table 3.11: Mode of data collection & parameters considered during the survey

Aspect Data Mode Of Data Collection Parameters Monitored

Terrestrial Ecology

Primary data collection

By field survey

Floral and Faunal Diversity

Secondary data collection

From authentic sources like Environment and Forest Department of Bihar Government, available published literatures like – Indian State Forest Report, Biodiversity and Environment Management and available publishes papers of scholars

Floral and Faunal diversity and study of vegetation, forest type, importance etc.

Aquatic Ecology

Primary data collection

By field survey

Floral and Faunal Diversity

Secondary data collection

From authentic sources like Environment and Forest Department of Bihar Government, available published literatures like –Biodiversity and Environment Management and available publishes papers of scholars.

Aquatic Floral and Faunal diversity and study of vegetation, importance etc.

General Vegetation Study of the area:

This zone is the alluvial plains of river Ganga on its southern side and the sediments are received both from river Ganga and those flowing from the south having their origins in the Chotanagpur Plateau, which rise abruptly from the plains. Rice-wheat cropping system occupies more than 70% of the gross cropped area. Pulses occupy around 7 percent of the gross cropped area in the state. The district main crops include Rice (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Maize (Zea mays), Moong (Vigna radiata), Arhar (Cajanus cajan), Mustard (Brassica campestris var), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). The important cropping sequence of the district includes Rice – Wheat, Rice – Gram,

Rice – Lentil, Rice – Rai.



Flora of the Core zone

The core zone comprises of mainly of open scrub where mining operation is proposed. It generally consists of diverse assortment of vegetation types sharing the common physical characteristic of dominance by shrubs, which generally includes species Thevetia peruviana, Acanthaceae sp, Prosopis juliflora, Abutilon indicum, Ficus asperifolia, Marantochloa leucantha, Adhatoda vasica, Celtis mildbraedii, Triplochinton scleroxylon, Bambusa sp etc.

Flora of the Buffer zone:

There are nearly 8 protected forests (PF) present in the in the ten kilometer buffer zone of this project site. Buffer zone of the proposed project is mainly agricultural land. The flora of buffer zone comprises of plants growing on the edges of agricultural land, village woodlots and trees planted along the roads. Many tree species are planted in the area because of their usefulness, economic and aesthetic values. The tree species observed in the area are, Sal (Shorea robusta), Mango (Mangifera indica), Guava(Psidium guajava), Litchi(Litchi chinensis), Banana(Musa sp.), Papaya(Carica papaya), Mahua (Madhuca india), Teak (Tectona grandis), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Semal (Bombax ceiba),

Gaulmor (Delonix regia), Bargad (Ficus bengalensis)etc.

A list of flora of the study area is enclosed as Table

Table 3.12: Flora of the Core zone

Species Family Habitat

Thevetia peruviana Apocynaceae Shrub

Acanthaceae sp Acanthaceae Shrub

Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae Shrub

Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Shrub

Ficus asperifolia Moraceae Shrub

Marantocloa leucantha Marantaceae Shrub

Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub

Celtis mildbraedii Cannabaceae Tree

Triplochiton scleroxylon Malvaceae Tree

Bambusa balcooa Poaceae Grass

Table: Flora of the Buffer zone Tree: Total 54 species of trees 20 families are enumerated.

Table: 3.13: Trees in the study area Species Family Habit

TREES

Aidia genipiflora (DC.) Dandy Rubiaceae Tree Albizia adianthifolia (Schum.) W.F. Wight Fabaceae Tree

Albizia glaberrima (Schum. & Thonn.) Benth Fabaceae Tree Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr Fabaceae Tree

Alstonia boonei De Wild Apocynaceae Tree

Amphimas pterocarpoides Harms Fabaceae Tree



Antiaris toxicaria (Rumph ex Pers.) Leschen Moraceae Tree

Antrocaryon micraster A. Chev. & Guillaum Anacardiaceae Tree Baphia nitida Lodd. Fabaceae Tree

Baphia pubescens Hook.f. Fabaceae Tree Blighia sapida Kon. Sapindaceae Tree

Blighia welwitschii (Hiern) Radlk Sapindaceae Tree Bombax buonopozense P.Beauv. Bombacaceae Tree

Bridelia atroviridis Müll.Arg. Euphorbiaceae Tree

Bridelia grandis Pierre ex Hutch. Euphorbiaceae Tree Broussonetia papyrifera Vent. Moraceae Tree

Bussea occidentalis Hutch. Fabaceae Tree

Calpocalyx brevibracteatus Harms Fabaceae Tree

Calycobolus africanus (G.Don) Heine Convolvulaceae Tree

Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae Tree Chrysophyllum perpulchrum Mildbr. Ex Hutch. & Daliel

Sapotaceae Tree

Chrysophyllum sp. Sapotaceae Tree

Cordia millenii Baker Boraginaceae Tree Cordia senegalensis Juss. Boraginaceae Tree

Corynanthe pachyceras K.Schum. Rubiaceae Tree

Diospyros viridicans Hiern Ebenaceae Tree Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) DC. Meliaceae Tree

Ficus sur Forssk. Moraceae Tree Funtumia 814uperb814 (Preuss) Stapf Apocynaceae Tree

Guarea cedrata (A.Chev.) Pellegr. Meliaceae Tree Hymenostegia afzelii (Oliv.) Harms Fabaceae Tree

Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. Meliaceae Tree

Khaya grandifolia C.DC. Meliaceae Tree Khaya ivorensis A.Chev. Meliaceae Tree

Lovoa trichilioides Harms Meliaceae Tree Macaranga heudelotii Baill. Euphorbiaceae Tree

Mansonia altissima (A.Chev.) A.Chev. Sterculiaceae Tree Microdesmis puberula Hook.f. Pandaceae Tree

Milicia 815uperb (Welw.) C.C.Berg. Moraceae Tree

Morinda lucida Benth. Rubiaceae Tree Morus mesozygia Stapf Moraceae Tree

Myrianthus arboreus P.Beauv. Cecropiaceae Tree

Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook.f.) Brenan Fabaceae Tree

Pycnanthus angolensis (Welw.) Warb. Myristicaceae Tree

Ricinodendron heudelotii (Baill.) Pierre ex Pax Euphorbiaceae Tree Rinorea oblongifolia (C.H. Wright) Marquand ex Chipp

Violaceae Tree

Sterculia oblonga Mast. Sterculiaceae Tree

Sterculia rhinopetala K.Schum. Sterculiaceae Tree



Sterculia tragacantha Lindl. Sterculiaceae Tree

Terminalia 815uperb Engl. & Diels Combretaceae Tree Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn.) J.J.de Wild Meliaceae Tree

Trichilia prieureana A.Juss. Meliaceae Tree Trilepisium madagascariense DC Meliaceae Tree

Caesalpinia bonducela Caesulpinaceae Tree

Source: http://www.ijcmas.com/5-62016/S.%20M.%20Ateeque%20Ahmad,% 20et%20al. pdf)

Shrubs & Herbs: Total 19 species of liana belonging to 8 families, 12 herbs belonging to 10 families, 6 shrubs belonging to 5 families, 9 epiphytes belonging to 4 families and 2 species of grass belonging

to a single family was enumerated.

Table 3.14: Shrubs and Herbs in the study area

LIANA

Acacia kamerunensis Gand. Fabaceae Liana Acacia pentagona (Schum. & Thonn.) Hooker f Fabaceae Liana Alafia barteri Apocynaceae Liana Cissus sp. Vitaceae Liana Combretum bipindense Engl. & Diels Combretaceae Liana Combretum smeathmannii G.Don Combretaceae Liana Combretum sp. Combretaceae Liana Dalbergia 814uperb814e Benth. Fabaceae Liana Griffonia simplicifolia (Vahl ex DC.) Baill. Fabaceae Liana Hippocratea sp. Celastraceae Liana Leptoderris sp. Fabaceae Liana Millettia chrysophylla Dunn Fabaceae Liana Motandra guineensis (Thonn.) A.DC. Apocynaceae Liana Parquetina nigrescens (Afzelius) Bullock Asclepiadaceae Liana Pisonia 815uperb815e L. Nyctaginaceae Liana Salacia elegans Welw. Ex Oliv. Celastraceae Liana Salacia owabiensis Hoyle Celastraceae Liana Salacia sp. Celastraceae Liana Smilax kraussiana Meisn. Smilacaceae Liana HERBS Acanthaceae sp Acanthaceae Herb Afromomum sp Zingiberaceae Herb Afzelia bella Harms Fabaceae Herb Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl. Araceae Herb Centrocema pubescens Benth. Fabaceae Herb Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson Asteraceae Herb Marantocloa leucantha (K.Schum.) MilneRedh Marantaceae Herb Olyra latifolia L. Poaceae Herb Atropa belladonna L. Solanaceae Herb Digitalis spp. Linn. Scrophulariaceae Herb Catheranthus roseus Apocyanaceae Herb Capsicum sp Solanaceae Herb



SHRUBS Ficus asperifolia Miq. Moraceae Shrub Ficus 814uperb814e814814 Vahl Moraceae Shrub Rauwolfia serpentine Benth. Ex Kurtz. Apocyanaceae Undershrub Abutilon indicum Malvaceae Shrub Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae Shrub Cryptostegia grandiflora Asclepiadaceae Shrub EPIPHYTES Calyptrochilum emarginatum Schltr. Orchidaceae Epiphyte Ficus tessellataWarb. Moraceae Epiphyte Ficus thonningii Blume Moraceae Epiphyte Ficus trichopoda Baker Moraceae Epiphyte Ficus 814uperb814e814 Vahl Moraceae Epiphyte Ficus vogelii Miq. Moraceae Epiphyte Microsorum punctatum (L.) Copel. Polypodiaceae Epiphyte Microsorum scolopendria Copel Polypodiaceae Epiphyte GRASS Panicum maximum Jacq. Poaceae Grass Pennisetum purpureum K.Schum. Poaceae Grass

Source: http://www.ijcmas.com/5-62016/S.%20M.%20Ateeque%20Ahmad,% 20et%20al. pdf)

Table 3.15: Medicinal Plants in the Study Area

Species Family Used in Diseases

Calotropis gigantica Asclipiadaceae Liver, intestine spleen, piles Adhotoda vasica Acanthaceae T.B., Cough, Hyperplasia Clitoria ternatia (Aprajita) Fabaceae Swelling, Mental headache,

Jaundice Achyranthus aspera Nyctaginaceae Appetite, Eyesight Nelumbian speciosum Nymphaeaceae Skin diseases, piles Cucumis utilissimus Cucurbitaceae Urinary disorder, Gall

bladder, cholesterol Nerium odorum Apocyanaceae Skin diseases, joint pain Strychros Nuxvomica Loganiaceae Nervous system, Joint pain,

Dysentery Cucumis melo Cucurbitaceae Urinary disorder, kidney

pain Daucus Carota Umbelliferae Bile, nervous system,

Asthma Leucas cephalotus Lemiaceae Rheumatism, Cough,

Anorexia Calendula officinalis Asteraceae Asthma, Cough, tooth, Skin

disease Aloe vera Liliaceae Liver, spleen, Skin disease Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae Heart pain, joint pain, piles



Mentha spp. Lemiaceae Urinary disorder, Worm killer

Eclipta alba Asteraceae Cough, Skin diseases, Liver, spleen

Moringa pterygosperma Moringaceae Anticancer, painkiller, ulcer, cough, liver, spleen,fever

Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae Neuralgia and Rheumatism Cassia anguistifolia Caesalpinaceae Laxative used in habitual

constipation

Source: http://www.ijcmas.com/5-62016/S.%20M.%20Ateeque%20Ahmad,% 20et%20al. pdf

Celtis mildbraedii Bambusa balcooa

Triplochiton scleroxylon Thevetia peruviana



Prosopis juliflora Abutilon indicum

Agriculture/Crop Pattern:

India is globally the second largest producer of fruits and Vegetables. It is the largest producer of mango, Gauva, Chiku, Cauliflower, papaya and Radhish up grows a rich variety of fruits and vegetables. Some of these species found in the study area are: Fruits: Mango, Guava, Litchi, Banana, Makhana, Pineapple, Betelvine, Papaya, Mahua, Anola etc. Vegetables: Solanaceous, Cucurbits, Beans, Cole crops, Okra, Onion, Potato, Bottle Guard, Tomato, Cauliflower, Cabbage. Spices: Chilli, Turmeric, Coriander, Ginger, Garlic, Methi. Crop: Sugarcane, Mustard, Arhar, Wheat, Maize, Green Gram, Black Gram, Lentil, Moong. FAUNAL BIODIVERSITY OF STUDY AREA The major part of the study area lies under agriculture field and human settlements which restrict the wildlife habitat significantly. Not any wild mammalian species encountered during the field visit

to study area, while livestock of local people are significantly using the area.

The presence of the protected forest and the two rivers in the buffer zone of study area, act as the major attraction sites for avifauna, mammals and reptiles. Rock Pigeon, Cattle Egret, Chestnut headed bee-eater, Common Myna, Common Peafowl etc. are some dominant bird species present in the study area. Any significant migration pattern of birds in the study area has not been reported. As far as the

reptile community was concerned, Cobra and Asian Gliding Lizard are reported from the study area.

After a potential search, neither any direct sighting nor the indirect evidences were found in whole study area. A list of wild fauna of the study area has been prepared on the basis of local inquiry from the village people and from the available published literatures. The conservation value at regional level of identified fauna was gathered from the Wildlife protection Act, 1972 moreover, global

conservation status of species was estimated from Red data book of IUCN was used.

STATE SYMBOLS

Gaur (Bos gaurus): The Gaur is a large and dark coated forest animal. It is the largest species of wild attle bigger than the African buffalo and Bison. Gaur looks like a water buffalo at the front and domestic cattle at the back. They are the heaviest and powerful of all wild cattle. Females are



substantially smaller and their dorsal ridges and dewlaps are less developed. The dark brown coat is short and dense. There is a dewlap under the chin which extends between the front legs. There is a shoulder hump, especially pronounced in adult males.

House Sparrow (Passer domesticus): Size between 14 cm to 18 cm. The weight of adult is

between 24 g to 40 g. Both sexes are grayish brown with black streaks on back and tail. Wings are

brown, with white bars. Underparts are pale grey or white.

They have narrow white stripe over the eyes with black throat and breast. Plumage of the house

sparrow is mostly different shades of grey and brown. Both sexes are easily distinguishable, by

coloration. Male are brightly colored birds with gray heads, white cheeks, a black bib, and rufous

neck. Male has black face and throat, and dark black and brown upper parts. A female are slightly

paler than the male and lacks the grey crown and black face, instead having a pale buff eye stripe.

Female have earthy-brown streaked with black and rufous above, whitish below.

Kachar (Bauhinia variegate):Kachar is also known as mountain ebony. It is very polular, beautiful tree. It is grown as ornamental tree in gardens and along the roadsides. The leaves of the tree are shaped like a camel’s hoof print. It bears beautiful aromatic pink, white or yellow flowers in spring season. Various parts of Kachar tree have variety of uses. It is nitrogen fixing tree that helps to enrich the soil fertility. Kachar has edible leaves and flowers. Its leaves buds are eaten as vegetable. These are also used as cattle feed. The tree bark is astringent and taken as tonic.

Pipal (Ficus religiosa L.): Peepal is a large, fast growing deciduous tree. It has a heart shaped leaves. It is a medium size tree and has a large crown with the wonderful wide spreading branches. The root bark is aphrodisiac. The stem bark has astringent property, and used in gonorrhea. Infusion of the

bark is given internally in scabies.

Mammals:

Core zone of the area is devoid of wild mammals, but many domesticated mammal species are reported from buffer zone during the field survey. Common grazing animals like buffalo, cow, goat etc. can be noticed. Small mammals like Indian palm squirrel (Funambuluspalmarum) and field mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) are noticed in vicinity of village. Inquiry from village people regarding wild animals reveals that Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis), etc. are often seen in the area.

Avifauna:

Water birds like Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis), Intermediate Egret (Ardea intermedia), Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), etc. are of common occurrence.

Reptiles:



The reptilians species commonly reported are Keeled Indian Mabuya (Eutrophis carinata), Indian House Gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), Fan throated lizard (Sitana ponticeriana) etc. Among snakes Indian Cobra (Naja naja) is reported to be seen by farmers.

Amphibian:

Amphibians are commonly found at the places along the margin of aquatic and terrestrial systems. Due to presence of water bodies like river, nalas, etc. the study area is providing shelter to many amphibian species. Some of the commonly reported species are Bufo melanostictus (common Indian

toad), Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis (Indian skipper frog), Hoplobatrachus tigerinus (Indian bull frog)etc.

Fish:

The fish species which are commonly found in the proposed site are Clarias batrachus (Walking

catfish), Labeo rohita (Rohu),Cirrhinus mrigala (Mrigal), Catla catla (Catla) etc.

A list of Fauna of the study area is presented in below

Table3.16: Fauna of the study area

Common Name Scientific Name Wildlife schedule

IUCN Red List Status

Mammals Five Stripped Palm Squirrel

Funambulus palmarum IV LC

Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulatta II LC Indian Hare Lepus nigricollis V LC Jackal Canis aureus III LC Jungle Cat Felis chaus II LC Spotted Deer Axix-Axix III LC Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsii III LC Black Rat Rattus rattus V LC Indian Field Mouse Mus booduga V LC

Little Indian Horse-shoe Bat

Rhinolophus ferrumequinum - LC

Fulvous Fruit Bat Rousettus leschenaulti V LC Lesser Short-Nosed Fruit Bat

Cynopterus brachyotis V LC

Grey Musk Shrew Suncus murinus - LC Long-tailed Tree Mouse Vendeleuria oleracea V DD

Reptiles Indian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus - LC Fan Throated Lizard Sitana ponticeriana - LC

Keeled Indian Mabuya Eutropis carinata - LC Indian Bush Rat Golunda ellioti V LC

Indian Spectacled Cobra Naja naja II LC King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah II VU Amphibians

http://fishbase.sinica.edu.tw/ComNames/CommonNameSummary.php?autoctr=302722



Indus Valley Toad Bufo stomaticus - LC Narrow-Mouthed Frog Uperodon systoma - LC Indian Rice Frog Rana limnocharis IV LC Jerdon's Bullfrog Rana crassa IV LC Indian Bullfrog Rana tigrina IV LC

LC: Least Concern, VU: Vulnerable, NA: Not Assessed, DD: Data deficient.

Table3.17:Avifauna of the Study area

Common Name Scientific Name Wildlife schedule

IUCN Red List Status

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis IV LC Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia IV LC

Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto IV LC Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis IV LC

Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus IV LC River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii IV LC Common Hoopoe Upupa epops IV LC Chestnut Headed Bee-Eater

Merops leschenaulti IV LC

Blue-tailed Bee-Eater Merops philippinus IV LC Common babbler Turdoides caudata IV LC Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri IV NA Plum Headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala IV LC

Common Hoopoe Upupa epops IV LC Pea fowl Pavo cristatus I LC Common Myna Acridotheres tristis IV LC Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus IV LC Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV NA House Crow Corvus splendens V NA Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos IV LC

House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV NA Red vented bulbul Pychnotus cafer IV LC

Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda IV LC Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV LC Black Winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus IV LC Koel Eudynamys scolopacea IV NA Crested Kingfisher Megaceryle lugubris IV LC

Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis IV LC Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum IV LC

Copper smith Barbret Megalaima haemacephala IV LC Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus IV LC Black Kite Milvus migrans IV LC

Greater Caucal Centropus sinensis IV LC (Source:http://forest.bih.nic.in/Magazines/Birds-In-

Bihar.pdf&http://indiabiodiversity.org/checklist/show/298 )

http://forest.bih.nic.in/Magazines/Birds-In-Bihar.pdf


http://indiabiodiversity.org/checklist/show/298



Squirrel Common mongoose Jackal

King fisher Rose ringed Parakeet Cattle Egret

Red Wattled Lapwing Indian Bullfrog Spectacled Cobra

Fish: Many species of fish present in the study area, few families of fish are mention below

Table3.18: Fish Species found in study area

Common Name Scientific Name Family

Rohu Labeo rohita

Mrigal carp Cirrhinus mrigala

Catla/ Major Indian Carp Catla catla Bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Great Snakehead Channa marulius Blackbrow bleak Acanthobrama microlepis



Orangefin labeo Labeo calbasu Cyprinidae

Barilius (Glar) Barilius barnoides

Vacha Eutropiichthys murius Schilbeidae Mystus Mystus seenghala Bagridae

Mangur Clarias batrachus Clariidae

Source:http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380036327_Goswami%20et%20al.pdf&http:

//faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/ess/027/index.pdf)

Conclusion

The objective of the study is to evaluate the status of the flora and fauna of the core area and the

buffer areas with specific reference to the rare or endangered or endemic or threatened (REET)

species. The study is also designed to evaluate the adverse impacts of the proposed activity, if any

and to suggest remedial / mitigation measures.

Core zone is however devoid of either forest or agriculture, thus floral species found are merely

weeds. Habitation in core zone is favorable for the presence of reptiles.

During the survey, 6 species which are listed under Schedule – I & II of WL(P) Act, 1972 are found.

These are summarized in the table given below:

Table 3.19Schedule – I&II of WL(P) Act, 1972 Species in the Study Area

Sr. No.

Common Name Scientific Name Indian WPA

1972, Status

IUCN (3.1) Status

Mammals

1. Monkey Macaca mulatta II LC

2. Jungle Cat Felis chaus II LC

Reptiles

3. King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah II VU

4. Indian Spectacled Cobra

Naja Naja II LC

Aves

5. Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus I LC

Wild Life Conservation Plan has been prepared from Schedule I & Schedule II species. The Proposed

Project itself will save the flora around the project area by preventing excessive erosion and floods.

Sources

Primary:

Site visits by Experts & consultation with local people.

http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380036327_Goswami%20et%20al.pdf

http://faunaofindia.nic.in/PDFVolumes/ess/027/index.pdf





Secondary:

Champion, H. G. and Seth, S. K.. A Revised Survey of Forest Types of India, Govt. of India Press, New

Delhi, (1968)

Ahmad A S.M, Kumar B. and Kuma N, “Floristic composition of medicinal plants of Nawada District,

Bihar, India” International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5(7) 806-826, 2016

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, and Amendments, Government of India

India State of Forest Report 2015


http://www.iucnredlist.org






http://www.iucnredlist.org/







CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1GENERAL

Any human activity in any environment produces impact, modifying it to a status which is considered adverse or beneficial according to the damage or improvement it brings about in physical, chemical and biological status of air, water, land including biota and in socio -cultural life styles and economy of the populace it affects. Depending on the nature of activities and existing status, the impacts are assessed for their importance. On the basis of the impact analysis, the mitigating action and future monitoring requirement are focused in the Environmental Management Plan for counting or minimizing adverse impacts. The following parameters are of significance in the EIA and are being discussed in detail: -

Land Environment Water Environment Air Environment Noise Environment Biological Environment Socio-Economic Environment (A) Land Environment

S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures 1 Change in the

Topography of the Land / Land Degradation

The proposed mining activity is carried out in hilly region and waste land After removal of ore body, a undulating portion will be created. All the broken area will be reclaimed by systematic backfilling and rehabilitated by afforestation so that landscape of the area is improved.

2 Solid waste generation

There will be no generation of OB when carrying out mine activities

3 Change in Drainage Pattern

Water flow / course will not be obstructed and natural drains or nallahs will not be disturbed. Run-off from mine and mineral stack will be prevented to avoid being discharged to surroundings, particularly to agricultural land.Garland drains and, catch pits has been constructed to prevent run off affecting the surrounding agricultural land. Green belt will be developed around the periphery of the project.

4 Impact on the Agricultural Practice at nearby area due to dust generation

Agriculture activities are practiced nearby areas may impacted because of dust generation but mitigation measures such as regular water sprinkling on active areas for example haul roads, excavation sites will be strictly followed so that impact is minimized.



(B) Water Environment S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures

1 Effect on the Ground Water Table

The surface level varies from 209.1 m to 173.0 m amsl. Working expected to be 19m above the water table during first to five years. During first to five years, the mine working will be confined up to 149mRL. Water table will not be intersected by mining operations.

2 Wash off from the dumps

No dumping has been proposed.

3 Soil Erosion Reclamation of the mined out area will be done with plantation to avoid the soil erosion

4 Waste Water generation/ Discharge

Portable Bio-toilets will be used; hence no sewage / liquid effluent will be generated and contamination is also not expected due to percolation.

5 Siltation in nearby agriculture field

Garland drains have been constructed on the sloping side barrier of the ML area. The garland drain has been routed through settling tank to remove Suspended solids from flowing into storm water.

(C) Air Environment 4.3.1 Anticipated Impacts Rajauli stone mine is an opencast mine. PM10 is the main pollutants generated in mining activities. The emissions of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) contributed by diesel operated

equipment and vehicles movement are considered marginal as branded make and vehicles with PUC certificate are operated only on the haul road of mining areas. Prediction of impacts on air environment is carried out taking into consideration proposed production and net increase in PM 10 emissions at the proposed site and at the 10 km radius of study area. Topography of the area shows that there are no sensitive areas (historical monuments, bio-diversity park, sanctuary etc.) around the proposed site. Mining activities have adverse impact on Environment. The sources of Air Pollution affecting Ambient Air Quality during the mining activities are – Drilling & Blasting Area sources due to loading & unloading activities Area source through Iron ore sources to calculate emission from Haul Road Wind erosion of the exposed area Movement of light vehicles

A. Loading and unloading of minerals through various mining activities are considered in the area source.

B. Transportation of ore from mining benches by trucks moving on the haul road at the outer boundary of mining area considered by area source . Water tankers with spraying arrangement of efficient sprinklers are used for regular water sprinkling on the haul roads to ensure dust suppression. In order to assess the impact due to exploration of 741720 TPA through various activities,



impact is predicted over a radial distance of 10,000 m at grid interval 200 m and 2,000 m at grid interval 20 m around the site with Pit No-1 as centre to predict GLC around the proposed site and at various sampling locations as per layout of the mining lease area. GLC is calculated at every grid point over the study area in all directions to predict combined impact of blasting, loading & unloading of ores and movement of trucks on the haul road in the mining lease area. Results are presented in Cartesian coordinates (X, Y) to have better prediction of model results at various locations representing project site, human settlements, commercial area and sensitive areas. Wind rose diagram of the study period represents local meteorology of the area in pre-monsoon season as shown in Fig. 4.1.

4.3.2 Emissions Details Drilling & blasting, loading - unloading and transportation of ores and overburden over the haul road are the main polluting sources in the proposed mining activities releasing Particulate Matter (PM10) affecting Ambient Air Quality of the area. Cumulative emission value is based on the combined impact of drilling & blasting, loading and unloading and transportation of the dolomite and lime stone deposit by tucks on the haul road. Further emissions from over burden and open area also have impact on Ambient Air Quality but they are not significant. Prediction of impact is calculated by the area source. It is assumed that truck carries 10 Tons of ore. Details of emissio n during drilling & blasting, loading and unloading and transportation on the haul road are discussed. It is observed that impact of wind erosion of the exposed area and road maintenance is small compare to other potential parameters in emission calculation. They are not considered in prediction of impact. Blasting – Blasting has potential to result significant value of PM10 emission occurred for very short-term and high emission. The revised version US emission factor is used in compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors during blasting. Emission of particulate matter calculated considering all relevant factors into account is 32.35x10-2 g/ s considering as the worst source of PM10

generation in the mining area of 5.0 Ha. Loading and Unloading - US EPA, 2008, revision of emission factor for AP-42 is used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during loading and unloading separately. Emission during loading has comparable value during unloading. Emission of PM10 during loading is calculated and found to be 3.29 x 10-2 g/s based on moisture content 10-20 % in ore. It is assumed that moisture content in ore deposit is 7 % and further moisture content increases to 10-20% to reduce fugitive emission of PM10 during loading/unloading. Emission value during unloading is 3.29 x 10-2 g/s and average wind speed 3.01 m/s (10.83 km/h) as observed with site data. Calm condition is 10 % used as shown in wind rose and discussion of local meteorology of the area. Haul Road - US EPA, 2006, revision of emission factor for AP-42 is used to calculate emission of particulate matter released into the atmosphere during transportation of ore and over burden by 5 trucks operated per hour on haul road. Emission of PM10 due to transportation of ores on haul road is 4.70x10-2 g/s based on assumption that slit content spread on road surface is 15%, and efficiency of PM10 emission control 80%. Truck is fully covered with tarpaulin material and emission of PM 10 during on the haul road will be insignificant.



Total emission of PM10 is 43.63 x10-2 g/s, if all the activities such as drilling & blasting, loading & unloading, movement of vehicle on the haul road occur simultaneously. Total emission of PM10 and 1 – h meteorological data are used as input of ISCST3 Dispersion model developed by USEPA. It is approved by CPCB/MoEF and various SPCBs. Emission value in each case is discussed as above is given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Emission of PM10 in g/s in various mining activities S.No. Source type Pollutants Emission 1 Blasting PM10 32.35 x 10-2 2 Loading &

Unloading PM10 6.58 x 10-2

3 Transportation over the Haul Road

PM10 4.70 x 10-2

Total Emission of PM10 from all activities 43.63 x 10-2

4.3.3 Meteorological data The meteorological data recorded at hourly interval during the months of March to May – 2016 representing proposed site on wind speed, wind direction, temperature, cloud cover and rainfall are recorded to extract hourly mean meteorological data as per the guidelines of CPCB/MoEF for prediction of impacts from the area source. Data recorded from authorized source/Govt. agency are used as meteorological input as supplementary source to verify the authenticity of the primary data recorded at the site for Dispersion Model, which are stored in the computer for further analysis and interpretation to study the local meteorology of the study area. It is observed that north westerly is dominant wind during pre-monsoon season as shown in wind rose (Fig. 4.1). Moderate to low wind speed and 10 % calm condition is observed in the site meteorology during study period. Average wind speed is 10.8 km/h. Impact of the pollutants is anticipated in southeast sector under influence of winds. Ambient air quality locations are selected based on the long term wind rose pattern of the area. Six ambient air quality sampling locations are finalized to study the base-line status around the proposed site and to study impact of proposed project. 24-h maximum impact of PM10 is envisaged close to the site at southeast of the site. South east is considered as the worst affected sector due to the proposed mining activity. .



Fig. 4.1Wind rose: Summer season.

4.3.4 Frame work of Computation & Model details Air quality modeling is an important tool for prediction, planning and evaluation of air pollution control activities besides identifying the requirements for emission control to meet the regulatory standards and to apply mitigation measures to reduce impact caused by mining activities. It has important role in design and selection of technology in air pollution control in construction and operation phases of project. By using the above-mentioned inputs, incremental Ground Level Concentrations of PM10 due to the mining activities is estimated and impact is studied on the human settlement, location of historical importance (if present) in the study area. The effect of air pollutants upon receptors are influenced by concentration of pollutants and their dispersion in the atmosphere. PM10 is the major pollutant occurred during mining activities. Impact of area source emission is considered and prediction of impact is made on various monitoring locations in the study area due to i) drilling & blasting ii) loading and unloading and iii) transportation of minerals on the haul road in the mining area. Impact is predicted in the worst case scenario due to combined impact of drilling & blasting, loading and unloading and emission due to transportation on haul road of mining area. It is assumed that they occur simultaneously. Combined emission due to all activities discussed above is 43.63 x 10-2 g/s (Table 4.2). Impact is predicted over the distance of 10,000 m and 5,000 m around the source in grids of 200m & 50 m respectively in Cartesian coordinates (X,Y) to assess the impact at each receptor separately at the various locations and prediction of maximum incremental GLC value at the project site. Maximum impact of PM10 is observed close to the source due to low to moderate wind speeds. Incremental value of PM10 is superimposed on the base line monitored value at the proposed site to predict total GLC of PM10 due to combined impacts as discussed above.



4.3.5 Model Results The Air Quality Impact Prediction is done by using “Industrial Source Complex Short Term version 3 (ISCST3), of USEPA”. The main sources of air pollution with regard to the proposed project for the purpose of estimation of increase in PM10 are identified due to – Drilling & Blasting

Loading/unloading Transportation of ore on the Haul road.

Combined impact of PM10 is considered due to mining activities occurred simultaneously on various sampling locations is given in Table 4.2.

Table - 4.2Impact of PM10 due to combined impact of i) Drilling & Blasting ii) Loading & unloading iii) Transportation of ore by trucks on the haul road

Locations Codes &Locations

Distance w.r.t. site.

Background value (max) in µg/m3

Incremental GLC in µg/m3

Total Predicted GLC in µg/m3

AQ1-Proposed Site (Core Zone)

0 68.4 3.33 71.73

AQ2-Ekchatwa village 500m, SE 60.8 1.33 62.13

AQ3-Dhamni village Sensitive area

3.1km, SSE 60.3 0.09 60.39

AQ4-Kumharua village Resettlement

2.5km, SE 63.8 0.11 63.91

AQ5-Chhapra village

2.9km, NW 64.4 0.11 64.51

AQ6-Rajauli village 2.8km, SW 64.8 0.38 65.18

AQ7-NH31 0.16 66.64

Worst case scenario 68.4 3.33 71.73

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 100

Note – 24-h average incremental value due to project was 71.73 µg/m3 occurred at 500 m, SE. Total predicted GLC of PM10 is 71.73 µg/m3 with max. base-line (68.4 µg/m3) + incremental (3.33 µg/m3) occurred at 500m, SE. However under the worst case scenario, total predicted GLC of PM10 is 71.73 µg/m3 with max. base-line (68.40 µg/m3) + max. incremental (3.33 µg/m3) as in Table 4.2.

4.3.6Discussion of Resultsand Conclusion ISCST3 - Model is used for prediction of impact of PM10 during conditions i) Drilling & Blasting ii) Loading & unloading and iii) transportation of ore by trucks on Haul roads by using area source model to predict GLC of PM10 during these conditions. Drilling & Blasting are included in emission calculation as it will be carried on as per the mining plan approved by IBM. GLC of PM10 is predicted with combined emission values due to blasting, loading & unloading and transportation of minerals by trucks on haul road as discussed in Table 4.1. Total predicted 24-h maximum GLC of PM10 is 3.33 µg/m3 occurred at 500 m southeast of the site after superposition of base-line value 68.4 µg/m3 over the incremental 3.33 µg/m3 due to combined cumulative impact as discussed in Table



4.2. Max. 24-h maximum incremental GLC of PM10 is 3.33 µg/m3 occurred at 500 m, southeast of the site. Total Predicted values of PM10 is 71.73 µg/m3 observed at the project site after superposition of base-line value (68.4 µg/m3) on the incremental GLC of 3.33 µg/m3 occurred under the influence of local meteorology as shown in wind rose (Fig. 4.1) and combined impact of drilling and blasting, loading/unloading and transportation of ore by trucks over the haul road of the mining area. Iso-pleth of PM10 is shown in Fig. 4.2 covering an area of2000 m (X,Y) in all direction around the site at the grid interval of 20m. It is observed that GLG of PM10 beyond 2000 m is very low values due to low wind speed and high calm conditions and is not shown in isopleths.It is observed that maximum total GLC of PM10 under the worst scenario due to combined impact is 71.73 µg/m3 is low compare to the stipulated standards of CPCB/MoEF & CC National Ambient Air Quality Standards 2009.

CORE AREA OF IMPACT 2 KMINCREMENTAL GLCs OF PM10(µg/m3)

Fig. – 5.2 Shows Iso-pleth shows max. incremental GLC of PM10 is 3.33 µg/m3 at the proposed site under i) drilling & blasting ii) loading and unloading and iii) transportation of ore over the haul road of mining area occur simultaneously at the site.

Mitigation Measures

As already indicated the ground level concentration of PM10, SO2 and NOX are well within limits. There is not much suspended dust in the air of the area except in summer season during the storms. Thus subsequent quality of the air is hardly affected. In addition to the above the following measures

has been adopted:

Water sprinkling will be done on the haul roads twice in a day for suppression of dust .

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.30

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.60

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.70

0.700.70

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.80

0.90

0.90

0.90

0.90

0.90

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.80

1.80

2.002.

20

-2.0 -1.6 -1.2 -0.8 -0.4 -0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

Distance (km)

-2.0

-1.6

-1.2

-0.8

-0.4

-0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

Dis

tanc

e (k

m)

3.33

3.10

2.90

2.70

2.50

2.30

2.10

1.90

1.70

1.50

1.30

1.10

0.90

0.70

0.50

0.30

0.10



The dust generated during the process will be minimized by water spray at the working faces before and after the activity.

Plantation will be carried out on approach roads. Planning transportation routes of mined material so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest

route. (minimize transportation over unpaved road);

Dust mask provided to the workers engaged at dust generation points like excavations loading and unloading points.

Speed limit will be enforced to reduce airborne fugitive dust from vehicular traffic. Deploying PUC certified vehicles to reduce their noise emission. Haul road shall be covered with gravels

Spillage from the trucks will be prevented by covering tarpaulin over the trucks. During Drilling

Sharp drill bits will be used for drilling. The drill machines will be operated with dust extractor arrangement. Drill operators and helpers are provided with personal protective appliances.

During Blasting

Blasting will be done only day time, during this period movement of men is less. Blasting will be done by competent persons and all the precautions laid down in MMR, 1961 will be

followed. The proper charges per hole will also minimize dust and fly rocks.

Water spraying will be done before blasting. (D) Noise Environment

Noise generated at the mine is due to mechanized mining operations and truck transportation activities. The noise generated by the mining activity dissipates within the mine. There is no major impact of the mining activity on the nearby villages. However, pronounced effect of above noise levels is felt only near the active working area. The impact of noise on the villages is negligible as the villages are far located from the mine workings. Since there is no involvement of major machinery, the impact of noise levels will be minimal. S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures 1 Increase in noise

levels due to, machinary drilling & blasting

a) The noise levels from all the sources are periodical and restricted to particular operation.

b) Making Provision of acoustic barriers or shelters in noisy workplaces



2 Noise impact due to vehicular movement.

a) Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to reduce the generation of noise.

b) Plantation along the sides of approach roads, around office building and mine area will be done to minimize the propagation of noise.

c) Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone.

d) Periodical noise level monitoring will be done e) Providing Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) such as

earplugs, earmuffs to the workers working in noise level area. 3 Ground Vibrations a) Blasting will be done by competent persons in the supervision

of Mine’s Manager. b) Minimum holes will be blasted at a time. c) Stemming length will be kept more than one third of the hole,

which helps in reduction of ground vibrations. d) Before drilling and blasting, the face will cleared with rock

which may be source of fly rock. e) The blast holes will be drilled slightly inclined towards the

free face. This reduces noise, vibration and fly rocks.

(E) BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

S.No Impact Predicted Suggestive measure 1 Disturbance of free

movement/living of wild fauna

a) Care will be taken that noise produced during vehicles movement for carrying OB and ore materials are within the permissible noise level.

b) Care will be taken that no hunting of animals (birds) carried out by workers

c) If wild animals are noticed crossing the core zone, it will not be disturbed at all

d) Laborers will not be allowed to discards food, plastic etc., which can attract animals near the core site

e) Only low polluting vehicle will be allowed for carrying ore materials. All vehicles allowed in the project site area will have to provide pollution under control certificate at the end of three months

f) Noise level will be within permissible limit (silent zone-50dB during day time) as per noise pollution (regulation and control), rules, 2000, CPCB norms

2 Harvesting of flora a) No tree cutting, chopping, lumbering, uprooting of shrubs and herbs should be allowed

b) Collections of economically important plants will be fully restricted



(F) SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Aspects Impacts Mitigation Measures Habitation

No loss of habitation. The nearest habitation is beyond 1 km. All necessary measures are being taken,

so that there is no disturbance to the normal life of persons.

Employment Generation

Direct employment to 55 persons. Indirect employment to about 10 persons with training. Improve House hold income Improved micro investments – savings patterns.

Local people will be employed. Training will be provided to non

workers and unskilled workers. Awareness programs to motivate people

for savings and investment.

Health Implications

No health related problems were reported during the primary survey. No significant health implications to the workers due to mining activities.

Regular health camps will be organized for the local people.

Rajauli Hospital (2.9 km in South West Direction)

Health impacts – on mental, physical, and social well being.

The proposed project will not adversely impact the mental, physical and social well being. It will improve the well being of the people and the area.

Expectations in fair pay, employee care, social responsibility commitments etc. will be timely met. Grievance redressal mechanism is made to handle complaints from the study area.

Loss / gain of self esteem

A rise in the self esteem due to increase rate of economic growth in the region. Higher degree of self satisfaction and contentment.

Immigration in search of employment will be controlled.

Loss/ gain of culture and religion

The proposed project of private sector and will follow universal respect for, and observance and protection of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all.

The proposed project will promote neither selective, nor relative, but universal respect through contribution in various festivities, equal observance and protection among employees and societies at large in all CSR activities.



CSR Benefits

The proposed project is a stone mine and is providing to their employees all basic facilities.

The mine will promote girl child education, women empowerment, scholarship to encourage the student and give donation to built toilet for sanitation. Community development will be designed and programmed by engaging with the panchayats and local authorities.

The mine will give boost to local population. Monetary gains, education, health, sanitation, water conservation, plantation and improvement in general environment will lead to positive growth.



CHAPTER – 5

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

5.1 INTRODUCTION Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. The knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is an important as that of control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. An impact assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality. 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE Monitoring will conform that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amount and concentrations of discharges. The objectives of the monitoring are:-

Very effectiveness of planning decisions; Measure effectiveness of operational procedures;

Conform statutory and corporate compliance; and Identify unexpected changes.

5.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING CELL A centralized Environmental Monitoring Cell will be established for monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters which are of immense importance to assess the status of environment during mine operation. With the knowledge of initial parameters, deviations in environmental conditions due to operation of the mine will be assessed and suitable mitigation steps will be taken to safeguard the environment. The routine monitoring program will be implemented under the project monitoring as per CPCB & MoEF & CC guidelines. The core responsibilities of the Environmental Monitoring Cell will be:-

The organization and interpretation of the environmental monitoring data to establish a record of change associated with the implementation of a project or the operation of an organization.

The process of verification that all or selected parameters measured by Environmental Monitoring Program are in compliance with regulatory requirements, internal policies and standards, and established environmental quality performance limits.

The assessment of the effectiveness of the environmental management system, practices and procedures.

The environmental monitoring and audit work will be carried out by qualified personnel.

A summary of non-compliance of the environmental quality performance limits. To implement and monitor the control and protective measures based on the EMP. To coordinate the environment related activities to the top management within as well as with

outside concerned agencies. To provide of health check up of workers and the people living in nearby villages. To develop greenbelt in the nearby villages, schools, Govt. offices and transportation routes.



5.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SCHEDULE Environmental monitoring schedules will be prepared covering various phases of project advancement, such as Mining and regular operational phase. Air Quality Monitoring One location in core zone and 6 locations in the buffer zone will be monitored for once per season except monsoon. Noise Level Monitoring Noise levels in the working area will be monitored once in every month till the continuation of operations. Ambient noise levels will also be monitored once in a season in the buffer zone to evaluate the noise levels in surrounding community. Water Quality Monitoring Water environment will be assessed periodically for both surface water and ground water. Surface water quality will be monitored at identified ponds/lakes during all four seasons. Surface water flow through the major nallah downstream will be measured at least once a month during monsoon and co-relate with the total rainfall during the season to estimate the relative changes, if any. Ground water level and quality on seasonal basis will be assessed in the open/dug wells to evaluate the impacts of ongoing operations. Water levels will also be monitored on seasonal basis in surrounding wells. Plantation Before the onset of monsoon season, will be done progressively till the final closure of the mine. Ecological Monitoring Half yearly monitoring of afforestation program will be done for the survival rate and plant growth within the core zone.

Table 5.1 Environment Monitoring Schedule S.No Potential

Impact Parameters for Monitoring

Frequency of Monitoring

Location

1 Air Emission PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX & CO

As per CPCB / MoEF & CC requirement i.e. 24 hourly monitoring for one month in each season except monsoon season.

One location in the core mining area and five in buffer area.

2 Noise Spot Noise level recording Leq (day), Leq (night), Leq (dn)

Periodic / As per CPCB norms i.e. quarterly

One location in the core mining area and five in buffer area.

3 Water Quality

As per drinking water

Four times in a Year Nearby Surface & Ground water



standards sources

4 Soil pH, Bulk Density, Soil texture, Nitrogen, Available Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Chloride

Yearly/half yearly One location in the core mining area and five in buffer area.

4 Health Total health parameters

Initial Medical Examination (IME) and Periodic Medical Examination – Once in a five year as per Mines Rules, 1955.

All employees

During operational phase, dust will be the main pollutant which arises from stone mining activities. 5.5 LOCATIONS OF MONITORING STATIONS The location of the monitoring stations will be selected on the basis of prevailing micro – meteorological conditions of the area like Wind direction & wind speed, Relative Humidity, Temperature. 6 AAQM stations will be selected (including minimum 1 location in upwind side, more sites in downwind side / impact zone) to assess ambient air quality of the area. Noise level monitoring will be carried out on lease boundary & in high noise generating area within the lease. Water & soil monitoring locations will be decided on the basis of general slope of the area & drainage pattern. Locations for the post project monitoring shall be as under:

Table 5.2: Post Project Monitoring Locations S. No. Description Location

1. Ambient Air Quality Mine site, Villages in downwind direction from the mine site

2. Noise Level Monitoring Mine Boundary, High noise generating areas within the Mine boundary

3. Water Level & Quality Nearby Surface & Ground water sources

4. Health Check-up Workers 5. Monitoring of Agricultural crops In the nearby area (on yearly basis)

6. Socio – economic status In the nearby area (on yearly basis)



5.6 DATA ANALYSIS Monitoring data analysis will be done as per CPCB guidelines by approved laboratory & shall be submitted to the concerned authority (specified in Environment Clearance Letter issued by MoEF & Consent issued by SPCB) on regular basis. 5.7DETAILED BUDGET & PROCUREMENT SCHEDULES The monitoring of the environment parameters will be out sourced and carried by the lab of SPCB or a lab approved by MoEF/NABL. A budget of Rs 1.0 lac per annum has been allocated for the purpose. 5.8 CONCLUSION Post Environmental monitoring is an essential step in the EIA process if the predicted impacts, the efficiency of mitigation measures and the shortcomings of prediction methods, measures and even regulations are to be verified and EIA practice improved. Environmental indicators could contribute to designing and evaluating monitoring programs, thus improving establishment of the cause effect relationship and the reporting and communication of environmental data. The Environmental Monitoring Cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated will be furnished as per statutory requirements. The frequency of reporting will be on half yearly basis to the BSPCB and to Office of MoEF&CC, Eastern Zone. The Environmental audit reports will be prepared for the entire year of operations and will be regularly submitted to regulatory authorities.



CHAPTER – 6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.0 GENERAL In accordance with the Terms of Reference given by EAC, MoEFCC for preparation of the EIA/EMP Report, following documents were to be prepared to provide a clear picture of the project area. The proposed project is for the mining (removal of Bauxite, Laterite, Ochre & White Earth), by opencast other than fully mechanized method of mining.

Public Consultation Public hearing was successfully executed on date 19.11.2016 at 12:30 PM, as per the guidelines given

in EIA Notification 14th September 2006 and its subsequent amendment.

Public Hearing notice was published in two national/local daily news papers, “Hindustan” and “The

Times of India” on 20/10/2016

Venue: Near Project Site, Rajauli Inter School, District- Nawada, Bihar.

Public Hearing was under the chairmanship of Shri. Dhirendra Kumar Jha (Additional District

Magistrate Nawada. .Following officials were also present during Public Hearing.

Nand Kumar, additional Environment Engineer BSPCB

Sh.Manoj Kumar Mishra, Additional Director Mines, Nawada

Table 6.1: Issues raised and the response of the project proponent during the public hearing

S No. Question raised & Queries/Suggestions

Reply of the Proponent/Consultant

Action Plan

1. Shri. Ram Lakhan Yadav Village:Araiya Tola , Nawada

To ensure that there are no adverse impacts on the agricultural land due to dust, water sprinkling will be done regularly in the mine lease area. Vehicles used for transportation of materials will be covered. After the beginning of mining operations priority will be given to the local resident for employment. Thanks for the consideration.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Apart from providing direct employment to 55 people indirect employment will be generated due to commencement of mining operations. Priority will be given to the local residents for employment. All the precautionary measures like water sprinkling & covering of transportation vehicles

Queries/Suggestions: What provisions have been made so that the dust generated do no hot harm the agriculture of the region. Also what will be done for employment of the local people .



will be done in order to reduce dust generation impacts .

2. Shri. Krishan Mandal, Principle ,Inter School Rajauli

Only wet blasting will be done during mining operations to control the noise. Since the production proposed is very less the intervals between blasting will be more.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Only wet blasting will be practiced. Protective equipments will given to workers

Queries/Suggestions What provisions are made to minimize the impacts due to noise generated due to blasting.

3. Shri. Manoj Kumar, Village: Rajauli

Mining will be done only during day time. For dust suppression water sprinkling will be done regularly for reducing the negative impacts of pollution.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. The mining will be done as per the terms & conditions of the approved mine plan & for the approved production capacity only. The conditions imposed for the protection of the environment will be complied both during operation & post operation phase.

Queries/Suggestions : What precautions / provisions will be taken reduce the impacts of pollution generation due to the mining process on children.

4. Shri. Lakshman Mistri, Village: Rajauli

In the mine lease area proper care & maintainance of roads will be done by project proponent. Regular health checkups will be organized for the people of the area belonging to every section.

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory clearances from SEIAA & PCB. Fund of Rs 6.0 lacs/annum has been allocated for the same under funds proposed for CSR related activities for overall development of the area.

Queries/Suggestions : He said that conditions of road in Rajauli region is not good which leads to dust generation. What health facilities will be provided to people .

5. Shri Rajesh Yadav, Village: Karampur, Nawada

Specific area within the the mining area will demarcated for blasting so that the stones

Mining operations will begin only after obtaining regulatory



Queries/Suggestions Small stones are generated due to blasting in the mining region. These stones come to agricultural land & are harmful to crops. What provisions are made to reduce these impacts.

do not fly outside the project region. 7.5 meters safety region will be will be left within lease area boundary which will be used for plantations.

clearances from MoEF, PCB & NBWL (As Applicable). The mining will be done as per the terms & conditions of the approved mine plan & for the approved production capacity only. Care will be taken that controlled blasting is done and all the safety norms are followed as per designated rules & regulations.

6. Shri Manoj kumar Village:Rajauli

In case of any accidents during the mining process the victims will be given compensation as per State Government norms. Moreover insurance of workers will be done as per mining norms & regulation.

The mining operations will be carried out under supervision of statutory personnel’s as per provisions of MCR 2016, MCDR 1988, Mines Rules 1955, Mines Act 1952 & strictly following safety aspects as per MMR 1961 monitored by Directorate General of Mines safety.

6.1 RISK ANALYSIS AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1.1 RISK ANALYSIS Risk analysis is the systematic study of uncertainties and risks encountered in various areas. Risk analysis seek to identify the risks involved in mining operations, to understand how and when they arise, and estimate the impact (financial or otherwise) of adverse outcomes. It also defines and analyzes the dangers to individuals, businesses and government agencies posed by potential natural and human-caused adverse events. Preliminary Risk assessment is based on the philosophy that “Prevention is better than cure”. Mining operations may be carried to the utmost safety but there is always some element of danger or risk in it. No major disaster is envisaged. Only minor accidents may take place. The applied area is hilly. No perennial source of surface water is present in the ML area. The mining operations will be carried out under supervision of statutory personnel’s as per provisions of MCR 2016, MCDR 1988, Mines Rules 1955, Mines Act 1952 & strictly following safety aspects as per MMR 1961 monitored by Directorate General of Mines safety. In case of eventuality, first aid will be given by the competent authority initially to the injured person. The competent person/Mines manager or mining engineer will give notice of accident as per



Rule-23 of Mines Act-1952. The persons/competent authorities named above will be responsible for co-ordinations between management district authorities / DGMS etc. Regarding general safety as per Rule-181 of MMR 1961, “No person shall negligently or will fully do anything likely to endanger life or limb in the mine, or negligible or will fully omit to do anything necessary for the safety of the mine or of the persons employed there in”. The workers will be provided with protective foot wear and safety helmets 6.1.2 RISK PRIORITISATION BASED ON HAZARDS IN MINOR MINERAL MINING Minor Mineral mining is done by open cast semi-OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method)method. Mining is done only within the lease area of 5.0 ha.There is no overburden with in lease area. Mining has been proposed for the exploitation of stone boulders, therefore waste, sub grade mineral rejects shall not be generated during course of mining. . There will be neither any stacking of soil nor creation of OB dumps. So, no dumping area as well as stock piling area is required. Therefore, there is no chance of failure of dumps and no slope failure due to OB dump and stock piling. 6.2 SOURCES OF ACCIDENTS/DISASTER Mining will be done by Open Cast OTFM method. There are various factors, which can create unsafe working conditions/ hazards in mining of minerals. The following types of hazards are identified during the proposed mining operations:- Mining Machinery and Loading operation.

Vehicular movement and Transportation of Ore Collapse of benches

Fall of workers from high benches

Drilling& Blasting 6.3 MITIGATION MEASURES 6.3.1 Mining Machinery and Loading operation:- The mechanical failure and human error may lead to accidents due to mining machinery and loading such as dumpers and loader cum excavator. The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:- At the time of loading no person will be there within the swing radius of the excavator.

The dumpers/ trucks will stand near the loading equipment and fully braked when the muck is filled in it.

The truck would be brought to a lower level so that the loading operation suits to the ergonomic condition of the workers.

The workers will be provided with helmets, gloves and safety boots.

Operations during daylight only. All the mining machineries will be regularly maintained and checked such as brakes, lights and

horns to keep in the efficient working order. 6.3.2 Measures to prevent accidents during vehicular movement & transportation The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:-

The truck will be covered with tarpaulin and maintained to prevent any spillage.



To avoid danger while reversing the trackless vehicles especially at the embankment and tipping points, all areas for reversing of lorries should be made man free as far as possible.

The vehicles must be maintained in good repairs and checked thoroughly at least once in a week. All transportation within the main working will be carried out directly under the supervision and

control of the management.

Overloading should not be permitted and the maximum permissible speed limit should be ensured.

The truck drivers should have proper driving license. A statutory provision of the fences, constant education, training etc. will go a long way in

reducing the incidents of such accidents. 6.3.3 Measures to prevent accidents from collapse of bench. The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:- Opencast working will be done following benches as per Regulation 106 of MMR 1961.

Ultimate slope angle = 45°. Bench height should not be more than the digging height of the shovel. The width of the bench

should not be less than the height. The loose rock adhering to high wall should be dressed under the guidance of competent person.

Retaining parapet wall on bench edge to prevent fall of man and machinery.

6.3.4 Measures to prevent fall of workers from high benches The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:- Every entrance from a roadway in the mine temporarily discontinued will be provided with a

fence, barrier or gate to prevent any unauthorized entry. The top of every opencast working shall be kept securely fenced.

The quarry faces will be suitably benched as per Regulation 106 of MMR 1961. 6.3.5 Measures to prevent damage due to Drilling & Blasting The following activities will be done to minimize the risk are:-

Preparation of charge and charging and stemming of holes will be done by a qualified blaster. Before a shot is charged, stemmed or fired, sufficient warnings by signal is given over the entire

area falling within the danger zone and ensure that all persons within such area have taken proper shelter.

During blasting, controlled blasting will be done to prevent flying fragments which may cause injury to local inhabitants within danger zone.

Proper inspection after shot firing will be done by the blaster. The number of shots which exploded shall be counted by the blaster to assess misfire. All necessary precautions as enumerated under 106(2)(b) of MMR 1961 will be followed. 6.3.6 Measures to prevent Damage due to storage of Explosives Adequate precautionary measures to be taken during blasting is given below:

Installation of adequate siren system . Legible warning sign in the language understood by the local people. Before blasting the upper surface of the bench shall be cleaned off, of any stones lying on top,

as it is a major source of flying stones.

Practicing control blasting during day time.



Following all safety measures as prescribed under MMR 1961 and circulars issued by DGMS.

The danger zone shall be distinctly demarcated (by means of red flagsproperly arranged and supported) at least 30 minutes before firing of holes is to commence.

Ten minutes before firing, a siren installed for the purpose shall be blown three times for at interval of one minute.

An effective record of instruction to guards will be given for working and clearance shall be maintained.

No shots shall be fired when there is traffic on any road or within danger zone 6.4 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN This includes high risk accidents like Earthquakes, fire, seismic activities etc. and emergency plan proposed for quick evacuation, ameliorative measures to be taken etc. The lessee will coordinate to meet such eventualities along with the assistance from the local authorities.

The shallow depth of activities will not involve any high risk accident due to side falls/collapse. The complete mining operation will be carried out under the Management and control of

experienced and qualified Mines Manager having Certificate of Competency to manage the mines granted by DGMS.

All the provisions of Mines Act 1952, MMR 1961 and Mines Rules 1955 and other laws applicable to mine will strictly be complied with.

During heavy rainfall the mining activities will be closed.

All persons in supervisory capacity will be provided with proper communication facilities. Disaster Warning System” as developed will be strictly implemented. The disaster management plan is aimed to ensure safety of human life and property and protection of environment Following are the objective of the disaster management plan. First Aid to the injured. Rescue operation and provision of adequate medical facilities to the injured. Safety of the human life in the buffer zone if needed.

Protecting and minimizing damage to property and the environment. Initially restrict and ultimately bring the incident under control. Identify any dead. Inform to the administration, DGMS and statutory persons as per Rules. Setting up an Emergency response organization under mines manager with assigned duties and

responsibilities for incident response and emergency response. Setting up a permanent organization for completion of emergency and restoration of normalcy by

complying with health, safety, and environmental laws and regulations. 6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH HAZARDS 6.5.1Physical Hazards & Control Measures Possible physical hazards along with control measures are mentioned below:-

Table 6.1: Physical Hazards & control Measures Particulars Control Measures Heat & Light The mine site will have adequate drinking water supply so that



workers do not get dehydration. Noise Noise exposure measurements will be taken to determine the need

for noise control strategies.

The personal protective equipment will be provided for each mine workers.

Supervisor will be instructed for reporting any problems with hearing protectors or noise control equipment.

At noisy working activity, exposure time will be minimized. Machineries will be labeled with noise levels.

Respiratory PPE like dust mask etc. will be provided during mining activity.

Periodic medical examinations will be provided for all workers. Awareness program will be organized for workers.

6.5.2 Medical Examination Schedule To minimize the health impacts PPE like dust masks, ear plugs/ muffs and other equipments will be provided for use by the work personnel. All workers will be subjected to Initial Medical Examination as per Mines Rule 1955 at the time of appointment. Periodical Medical Examination will be conducted at least once in five years. Medical camps will be organized. The detail of health check up and periodical medical examination schedule is given below.

Table 6.2: Health Check Up & periodical Examination details S.No Activities 1st

Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year

1

Initial Medical Examination (Mine Workers)

A. Physical Check -up - - - -

B. Psychological Test - - - - C. Audiometric Test - - - -

D. Respiratory Test - - - - 2 Periodical Medical Examination (Mine Workers)

A. Physical Check -up - B. Audiometric Test - C. Eye Check -up - D. Respiratory Test -

3 Medical Camp (Mine Workers and Nearby Villagers

-

4 Training (Mine Workers) -

Note: Medical Follow Ups Work force will be divided into three targeted groups age wise as follows: Age Group PME as per Mine Rule 1955 Special Examination



Less than 25 years Once in a Three Years In case of emergencies Between 25 to 40 Years Once in a Three Years In case of emergencies 6.6 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT (R & R) The lease area is not habituated and hence no R & R is involved. The lease area is also waste land. 6.7 TRAFFIC STUDY Traffic study measurements were performed at National Highway 31 to assess impact on local transport infrastructure due to this mining project. The monitoring was performed in April 2016 The Typical Haul Road which is Connected to Highways for Transportation of Stone Minor Mineral

Table 6.3 Roads and Highways in the Study Area

Traffic data collected continuously for 24 hours by visual observation and counting of vehicles under three categories, viz., heavy motor vehicles, light motor vehicles and two/three wheelers. As traffic densities on the roads are high, two skilled persons were deployed simultaneously at each station during each shift- one person on each of the two directions for counting the traffic. At the end of each hour, fresh counting and recording was undertaken. Total numbers of vehicles per hour under the three categories were determined. (Reference Mine Plan)

NAME OF NATIONAL/STATE HIGHWAY

DIRECTION DISPATCHED RATIO ASSUMED IN PERCENTAGE Route via Down (to)

NH - 31 Route I Rajaouli Nawada 100 Total Mineral transported through highway 100 %



Fig 6.1: Evacuation Route Map

Table 6.4: Traffic study for Volume of NH

S.NO. VEHICLES DISTRIBUTION

NUMBER OF VEHICLES DISTRIBUTION/DAY

PA

SSE

NG

ER

CA

R

UN

IT

(PC

U)

TOTAL NUMBER OF VEHICLE (PCU)

NH 31 NH 31

1. Cars 950 1.0 950 2. Buses 290 3.0 870

3. Two wheelers

1866 0.5 933

4. Three wheelers

248 1.50 372

5. Trucks 850 3.0 2550 Total 4203 9735 PCU /Day

406 PCU/hr

Table 6.5: Existing Traffic Scenario & LOS





Existing V/C Ratio

LOS

NH 31 406 1100 0.369 B Note: Capacity as per IRC: 64-1990 Note: The existing level is “very good” for NH-31

V/C LOS Performance 0.0-0.2 A Excellent

0.2-0.4 B Very Good

0.4-0.6 C Good/ Average/ Fair 0.6-0.8 D Poor

0.8-1.0 E Very Poor During Mine Operation Total Capacity of mine : 7,27,160 MTPA No. of working days : 300 Extraction & Transportation of mineral : 2424 MT/day, 303 MT/ Hour Working hours per day : 8 hour Truck Capacity : 10 Tonnes Frequency of truck trips/day : 2424/10= 242 No. of trucks deployed/day to and fro : 242*2 = 484 Trucks No. of trucks deployed/d, PCU : 484 * 3= 1452 PCU Increase in PCU/hr : 1452/24= 61

Table 6.6: Modified Traffic Scenario & LOS

Conclusion 484 truck trips/day (to and fro) will be required for transport of mineral from mine. The LOS value from the proposed mine will change from “Very Good” to “Good” for National Highway 31. So the additional load on the carrying capacity of the concern roads is not likely to have any adverse affect. Traffic is deviated into the route so that any settlement in the vicinity of the roads will not be much affected.



Existing V/C Ratio

LOS

NH 31 (Towards Nawada)

406 +30= 436

1100 0.396 B

NH 31 (Towards Koderma)

406 +30=436

1100 0.396 B



6.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6.8.0 INTRODUCTION Socio-Economic Impact Assessment (SEIA) refers to systematic analysis of various social and economic characteristics of human being living in a given geographical area. The geographical area is often called Study Area or Impact Area. SEIA is carried out simultaneously with Environment Impact Assessment (EIA). The prime objective of SEIA is to identify and evaluate potential socio-economic and cultural impacts of a proposed development project on the lives and conditions of people, their families and their communities. If the potential impacts are significant and adverse, SEIA assist the developers and other stakeholders to reduce, remove or prevent these impacts from happening. The present study seeks to determine the severity of the socio-economic and cultural impacts due to five upcoming Building Stone Mining projects in Mauza Rajauli in sub-district Rajauli and district Nawada, Bihar. The other objectives of the SEIA are as follows: To identify and assess socio-economic activities, which are significantly influenced by mining

activities.

To examine the perceptions of local communities’ on the upcoming mining projects. To suggest interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of mining Socio-economic study is multidisciplinary, using theories and methods from Sociology, Economics, History, Psychology, Geography etc. As per Notification dated 14th September, 2006 of the then Ministry of Environment & Forests (Since renamed as ‘Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change) Socio-economic impact assessment of the study area of a project is mandatory for all the listed projects classified under various sectors. The study area consists of a core area where the proposed project is expected to come up and a buffer area encircling the project area with a radius of ten kilometers from the centre of the project site. The Socio-economic impact assessment focuses the effect of the project on social and economic well-being of the community. The above assessment is made through a socio-economic survey conducted by a team of experts that often consist of a demographer, statistician, econometrician, social scientist, health expert and gender specialist. The outcome of the study relies on both quantitative and qualitative measure of impacts. The impacts are evaluated in terms of changes in community demographics, housing, employment & income , market effects, public services, retail business, quality of life and artistic qualities of the community. Qualitative assessment of community perceptions about development is an important measure of development impacts. Assessing proposed developments in socio-economic context help the community leaders and local people identify potential social equity issues, evaluate the adequacy of social services and determine whether the project has adverse effects on overall social well-being or not. 6.8.1 STONE MINING PROJECT IN MAUZA RAJAULI, DISTRICT NAWADA, BIHAR The Department of Mines and Geology, Government of Bihar has allotted the mining block on lease basis as under;

Table 6.7: Block wise distribution of lease area Block No.

Applicant Details Lease Area (Hectare)

Project Category

Lease Period (Years)

1 M/S Mahadev Enclave Pvt. Ltd. Shri Kartik Rathi ,Director S/o- Shri Ajay Rathi R/o-B-37,Ayodhya Marg, Hanuman Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan

5 Hec B1 5



NB: The figure given in bracket indicates lease area in Acres The yearly production of building stone for the above block is 7,27,160 MT per Annum. Accordingly, the miners are expected to extract about 36,35,800 MT of building stones from the above mining block during the entire lease period of 5 years. The total cost of the project has been estimated at Rs 1.5 Cr. It is hoped that the lease holders will hardly face any difficulty in achieving their yearly production target as the estimated mineable reserves is 36,37,144 MT. If the yearly production target referred above is fulfilled the percentage recovery of stones will be around 95 percent of estimated mineable reserves. It is hoped that the proposed mining project will fulfill the demand for stones in buildings, construction, paving and many other projects to a great extent. Polished slabs and tiles are used in countertops, flooring, retaining walls and landscaping around a centre fountain/ pond, stairc ases and many other design elements (residential and commercial applications). The mineable stone is also known as “maintenance free stone”. 6.8.2 SCOPE OF THE PROPOSED STUDY 1) To collect baseline data of the study area through primary and secondary research 2) To comprehend socio-economic status of people living in the study area 3) To identify and assess the likely impact of the project on social and economic life of the people in

the study area 4) To measure the impact of the project on Quality of life of the people living in the study area 5) To ensure sustainability of positive impacts 6) To recommend mitigation measures on adverse impacts. 6.8.3 STUDY AREA The study area, also known as Impact Area has been defined as sum total of core and buffer area with a radius of ten kilometers from the periphery of the project site. The study area includes all the land marks both natural and manmade, falling therein. The study area of the proposed building stone mining project is spread over in two states namely Bihar and Jharkhand. The districts included in the study area are Nawada in Bihar and Kodarma in Jharkhand. Both Nawada and Kodarma districts have been declared backward by the government of India. There are 183 villages and one urban area in the study area. Of the total number of villages 43 are uninhabited villages, the list of which is given in Table 6.5.The Sub-district wise distribution of habited and uninhabited villages combined is given in the Table 6.6 and Figure 6.1.

Table 6.7: Sub district wise list of Uninhabited Villages

Sr.No. State District Sub-district

No. of uninhabited villages in the sub-district

Name of the uninhabited villages

1 Bihar Nawada Rajauli 37 Amghati

2 Rajauli Angaia

3 Rajauli Aswatari



4 Rajauli Adwaria

5 Rajauli Bigha

6 Rajauli Barachuan

7 Rajauli Bagdewa

8 Rajauli Bhalui

9 Rajauli Baghmari

10 Rajauli Belam

11 Rajauli Dhuritanr

12 Rajauli Ghorwa Chatan

13 Rajauli Ghatsatgir

14 Rajauli Gosaintari

15 Rajauli Jahura

16 Rajauli Jogni Kanak Jot

17 Rajauli Jainagra

18 Rajauli Jogna Tilha

19 Rajauli Jagduari

20 Rajauli Jhirkhi

21 Rajauli Khairachuan

22 Rajauli Kamra Usman

23 Rajauli Khajuri

24 Rajauli Mahua Tanr

25 Rajauli Mudakar

26 Rajauli Manbhagwa

27 Rajauli Nadgarha

28 Rajauli Phulwariya Kalan

29 Rajauli Purna Singar

30 Rajauli Pandna

31 Rajauli Pindpurwa

32 Rajauli Saraiya

33 Rajauli Sario

34 Rajauli Sobhwa Maran

35 Rajauli Sarki

36 Rajauli Manjhila Dih

37 Rajauli Purnajob

38 Akbarpur 4 Harnagarpur

39 Akbarpur Tinsisiya

40 Akbarpur Andhrijhund



41 Akbarpur Kalaundi

42 Gobindpur 1 Jamghat

43 Sirdala 1 Majhila Auwal

Table 6.8: District and Sub-district wise distribution of both habited and uninhabited villages and town in the Study area

Sr. No.

State District Sub-district Number of Habitations

% to total number of Habitations in the study area

Villages

Towns Total

1

Bihar Nawada Rajauli 116 1 117 63.6

Akbarpur 33 - 33 17.9

Gobindpur 4 - 4 2.2

Hisua 1 - 1 0.5

Pakribarawan

1 - 1 0.5

Sirdala 25 - 25 13.6

Warisaliganj 1 - 1 0.5

Total 181 1 182 98.9

2 Jharkhand

Kodarma Kodarma 2 - 2 1.1

Total 2 - 2 1.1

Grand total 183 1 184 100

Source: Census 2011



Figure 6.2: Sub-district wise distribution of Habitations in the study area

It may be seen from the above table and figure that of 184 habitations 117 are located in sub -district Rajauli, 33 in sub-district Akbarpur, 25 in sub-district Sirdala, 4 in sub-district Gobindpur and one each in sub-district Hisua,Warisaliganj and Pakribarawan in Bihar and 2 in sub-district Kodarma in Jharkhand. The figures referred above include both villages and urban areas, the details of which a re provided in Table 6.6 and Figure 6.2.

The Mining lease area is located in Mauza Rajauli, Subdistrict Rajauli, disctrict Nawada Bihar. It is a government waste land devoid of any vegetation. Broad land use pattern of the study area is presented in Table 6.8 and Figure 6.2 below.

Table 6.9: Broad Land-use Pattern of the Study Area Sr. No Description of Land Estimated

Area ( Ha) Percentage to total area

1 Forest Land 10193.24 37.3 2 Agricultural Land 10827.94 39.6(100) 2(a) Irrigated Land 7898.02 28.9(72.95) 2(b) Un-Irrigated 2929.92 10.7(27.05) 3 Cultivable Waste 414.47 1.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Rajauli

Akbarpur

Gobindpur

Hisua

Pakribarawan

Sirdala

Warisaliganj

Kodarma

117

33

4

1

1

25

1

2

No. of Habitations (Villages & Urban Areas)

Sub

-dis

tric

tsDistrict and Sub-district wise distribution of Habitations in the Study area



4 Barren& Uncultivable land 347.51 1.3

5 Permanent Pastures and other Grazing Land

388.12 1.4

6 Land Under Miscellaneous Tree crops etc.,

325.14 1.2

7 Fallows Land other than Current Fallows Area

411.32 1.5

8 Current Fallows Area 1332.03 4.9 9 Area under Non-Agricultural Uses 3081.99 11.3

Total 27321.73 100 Note: The figures in bracket indicate percentage to total Agricultural land available in the study area . Source: Census 2011

Fig. 6.3: Land Use Pattern in the Study Area There isnoReserveorProtectedForest in themine lease area. However, there are protected forests and dense mixed jungles in the Eastern, North Eastern, South and South Eastern part of the study area. These include Dumarkol, Budua, Jhirkhi, Pelmo, Sobhwa Maran, Dhamni, Dumri, Baratanr, Chaphel, Chatkari, Burhiya Sankh, Belam and Dibaur. Besides the above there are rocky knobs in the Southern part of the study area. The share of forest land in the total study area is 37.3 percent. Tho ugh agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area only 39.6 percent of the study area consists of agricultural land. About 1.3 percent of the total area is not fit for agriculture due to its bareness. About 72.95 percent of total agricultural land is irrigated land and the remaining 27.05 percent is un- irrigated land that depends upon monsoon for its water needs. The major crops grown in the study area are Paddy, wheat, Pulses and vegetables. Paddy is the most important Kharif crop in

37%

29%

11%3%

1%

1%1%

3%

5%11%

Land Use Pattern In The Study Area

Forest Land

Irrigated Land

Un-Irrigated

Cultivable Waste

Barren& Uncultivable land

Permanent Pastures and other Grazing Land

Land Under Miscellaneous Tree crops etc.,

Fallows Land other than Current Fallows Area

Current Fallows Area

Area under Non-Agricultural Uses



the study area. Similarly, wheat is the only Rabi crop in the study area. The Table below presents various means of irrigation adopted in the study area and their share in total area irrigated. Table 6.10: Means of irrigation adopted in the study area and their share in total irrigated land

Sr. No.

Means of Irrigation Estimated Area Irrigated (in Hectares)

Percentage to the total area irrigated

1 Canal 2733.76 34.61

2 Wells / Tube Wells 3506.16 44.39

3 Lakes 483.48 6.12

5 Water fall 10.04 0.13

6 Other irrigation 1164.58 14.75

Total 7898.02 100

Fig 6.4: Sources of Irrigation in the Study Area

It may be seen from the above Table and Figure that in the study area Wells/Tube Wells (44.39 percent) is the main means of irrigation. This is followed by Canals (34.61 percent), Lakes (6.12 percent) and other unspecified sources of irrigation (14.75 percent). Mica and stone are the important minerals deposited in the study area. The study area is dotted with large number of bidi manufacturing units. The sugar mill at Warisaliganj is currently non- functioning. The Government of India has decided on principle to set up a nuclear power plant at Rajauli. This will definitely improve power supply in the area for greater Industrialization.

34.61

44.39

6.12

0.13 14.75

Sources Of Irrigation In The Study Area

Canal

Wells / Tube Wells

Lakes

Water fall

Other irrigation



6.8.4 ART AND CULTURE OF THE STUDY AREA Being part of Nawada district the study area is known for its beautiful temples and natural scenic beauty. The area does not belong to people from any one religion. It is a place with people from all walks of life. Hindi, Maghai and Urdu are the languages mostly spoken in the area. English is mostly spoken by the young men and women. The women in the region love getting dressed up in saries and it is the most popular attire here. Men love wearing dhoti and Kurta. They also wear traditional outfits during the festivals and other occasions like marriages etc. However, the young men and women can be seen in jeans and t-shirts. Bidesia, Kajari, Jhijhian, holi dance and harvesting dances are some of the folk dances very popular in the region. There are songs like sohar-performed during childbirth, sumangli-associated with wedding, ropnigeet-performed during the months of sowing paddy. The area is known for its festivals and fairs; Chatth Puja is celebrated with pomp and grandeur. Shivratri is another festival celebrated to please Lord Shiva. 6.8.5 HYPOTHESIS “Building Stone Mining has significant socio-economic impacts on livelihoods of local communities”. 6.8.6 APPROACH Research approach plays an important role to decide suitable methodology. It helps to develop research design and increase the effectiveness of research study. In the present study inductive approach has been adopted, which is also known as ‘bottom top approach’ or ‘climbing the hill approach’. Under this approach data is first collected from primary and secondary sources. After scrutiny tables are generated in pre-designed formats. Subsequently, draft report is prepared after detail analysis of data. The f inal report is prepared after incorporating the comments and suggestions of the client. 6.8.7 METHODOLOGY For Socio-Economic Impact Assessment of Building stone mining project in district Nawada Bihar, ENVIRTA Sustainable Solutions Private Limited undertook a systematic analysis of various Socio-Economic characteristics, both in terms of quality and quantity. Accordingly, both qualitative and quantitative data was collected through primary and secondary sources. For collection of primary data a Sample Survey was conducted in the study area. For collection of secondary data ENVIRTA Sustainable Solutions approached the Census Authority in the state for published data, visited state and district portal and referred to administrative records of the state and district administration. The qualitative data deals with description; they can be observed but not measured. Hence, codes were used during collection of qualitative data. They were decoded after data processing to facilitate data analysis and report writing. 6.8.8 SAMPLE DESIGN In the study area there are 140 inhabited villages and one urban area. In the rural areas two stage stratified sampling design was adopted since there was wide variation in the household size. The first stage units were census villages and the ultimate stage units were households. Stratification was adopted only in rural areas and the number of strata was three. In the urban area the first stage units were Municipal Wards and the ultimate stage units were households. No stratification was adopted in the urban area as the variation in the household size was negligible.



6.8.9 STRATIFICATION The sampling frame for rural areas was divided into three stratums based on household size. These are provided below: Stratum 1.1: 39 (Household size is 1-6) Stratum 1.2: 92(Household size 7 & 8) Stratum 1.3: 9 (Household size ≥ 9) 6.8.10 SAMPLING FRAME The list of census villages and towns were the sampling frame for the current socio -economic survey. The Sampling frame consisted of 183 villages and one town. Of the total villages 43 were uninhabited villages which were kept outside the sampling strategy. 6.8.11 SAMPLING UNIT The ultimate sampling unit was house hold. 6.8.12 REFERENCE PERIOD Last 365 days from the date of survey was taken as the reference period for collection of information from the selected households. 6.8.13 SAMPLE SIZE While deciding the sample size the following factors were taken into account Confidence Level (95 %, Table value: 1.96) Degree of precision (Δ): 0.5 Variation in population / Standard Deviation (σ) At each level of sampling the following formula was adopted to arrive at the sample size (n) =√ {(1.96 *σ) / Δ} Where n denotes sample size, 1.96 is the table value of confidence limit, σ = standard deviation and Δ = degree of precision The sample size worked out by adopting the above formula is augmented by making separate provisions for non responses and casualties due to household shifted outside the study area, house locked since long etc., during the course of field survey. 6.8.13.1 STRATUM WISE SAMPLE SIZE OF FIRST STAGE UNITS IN THE RURAL AREAS Stratum wise sample size (n) of first stage units in the rural areas was calculated by applying the above formula. The expected non-responses and casualties during the course of field survey were taken care of by augmenting the sample size by 10 percent. The stratum wise sample size of first stage units in the rural areas is provided in Table 6.9below: Table 6.11: Stratum wise distribution of samples in the first stage units (villages) in the rural areas

Sr.No Stratums Population (N)

Sample Size(n)

Sampling Fraction (n/N)

1 Stratum 1.1 39 10 0.26

2 Stratum 1.2 92 22 0.24

3 Stratum 1.3 9 3 0.33

Total 140 35 0.25



6.8.13.2 Stratum wise sample size of first stage units in the urban area The sample size in the urban areas of Rajauli was worked out by adopting the above formula and the total sample size in urban areas has been calculated to four. The list of selected wards is presented in Table 6.10 below:

Table 6.12: List of Selected wards in Rajauli town Sr.No Selected Municipal Wards of Rajauli

town as per order of selection No. of Households

1 Ward NO.-0004 345

2 Ward NO.-0010 281

3 Ward NO.-0014 222

4 Ward NO.-0001 301 6.8.13.3 Selection of first stage units In each stratum Probability Proportion to Size (PPS) was adopted to select the villages, the size being number of households in a village. In the Urban area the same procedure was adopted to select the Municipal wards. The names of villages and Municipal wards selected for collection of Primary data is presented in Table 6.11 below:

Table 6.13: Stratum wise List of selected villages and Municipal wards

A.Rural Areas

Sr.No. Village Name/ Municipal Ward No.

District Sub-district No. of Households as per census 2011

Stratum 1.1

1 Bhat Bigha Nawada Akbarpur 341 2 Bandan Chappra Nawada Rajauli 401

3 Dbobghatti Nawada Akbarpur 185 4 Gopalpur Nawada Rajauli 288 5 Jogni Nawada Rajauli 91 6 Pokhra Nawada Akbarpur 73 7 Sohda Nawada Rajauli 190

8 Kendua Nawada Hisua 250 9 Parariya Nawada Pakribarawan 337 10 Meghatari Kodarma Kodarma 409 Stratum 1.2 1 Amawan Nawada Rajauli 2027 2 Bhalua Nawada Sirdala 327 3 Bilarpur Nawada Sirdala 203 4 Bahadurpur Nawada Rajauli 435 5 Chhamuha Nawada Sirdala 81 6 Chhatni Nawada Rajauli 59 7 Dumarkol Nawada Rajauli 195 8 Gagan Buzurg Nawada Rajauli 100



9 Hardiya Nawada Rajauli 1170 10 Horila Nawada Rajauli 171 11 Kharaun Nawada Sirdala 240 12 Kumharua Nawada Rajauli 474 13 Madaini Nawada Akbarpur 202 14 Murhena Nawada Rajauli 550 15 Panti Nawada Akbarpur 430 16 Parka Buzurg Nawada Rajauli 237 17 Salempur Nawada Rajauli 440

18 Chaube Nawada Sirdala 402 19 Bajwatari Nawada Rajauli 34 20 Khanpura Nawada Akbarpur 342 21 Amjhari Nawada Sirdala 129 22 Adhbarwa Nawada Rajauli 51

Stratum 1.3 1 Bara Nawada Rajauli 81 2 Mohanpur Nawada Rajauli 104 3 Budhuwa Nawada Akbarpur 167 Urban Area 1 Ward NO.-0004 Nawada Rajauli 345 2 Ward NO.-0010 Nawada Rajauli 281 3 Ward NO.-0014 Nawada Rajauli 222 4 Ward NO.-0001 Nawada Rajauli 301

6.8.13.4 SELECTION OF ULTIMATE STAGE UNITS (HOUSEHOLDS) Number of ultimate stage units (households) to be surveyed in a village was worked out to 18. Circular systematic sampling was adopted to select the households in a sample village after complete listing of both residential and non residential structures. Listing provided a frame for selection of sample households. Number of ultimate stage units to be surveyed in a municipal ward in Rajauli town was worked out to 26. The households in each selected municipal ward were selected by using Simple Random Sampling without Replacement (SRSWOR). Care was taken that households were selected covering the entire ward and not concentrated in a particular area of the selected ward. 6.8.13.5 RESPONDENTS The head of the selected household was the respondent for face to face interview for collection of data.

6.8.13.6 REFERENCE PERIOD The reference period for field survey was 365 days from the date of survey.

6.8.13.7 SEGMENTATION OF VILLAGES The large villages and municipal wards were segmented to save time and resources. In a sample village where number of households was ≤ 300 all the households were listed for the preparation of a sampling frame and subsequent selection of households. Where the number of households were



more than 300 but ≤ 600 the sample village was segmented into two parts taking natural boundaries as far as possible. Of the two segments only one segment was randomly selected for listing of structures. The village having more than 600 households was segmented into more than two parts of about 150 households each. The number of segments formed was worked out by dividing the total number of households in the village by 150. Every effort was made to create segments in such a way that total number of households in any two segments did not exceed 300. Also care was taken that the total number of households in any two segments was large enough to allow selection of required number of households.

6.8.13.8 MERGING OF VILLAGES The small villages where the number of households is less than 50 were merged with the adjoining non-sampled village(s) in order to get the required number of households greater than 50 for selection of households and subsequent field survey. The process of segmentation and selection of households will be same as already mentioned. The table below indicates number of villages and municipal wards segmented and number of segments formed: Table 6.14: Segmentation of villages and municipal wards in urban areas

S. No.

Village Name Number of Households (As per Census 2011)

Number of segments formed

Number of segments selected

Mode of selection of segments

A Rural Areas

1 Bhat Bigha 341 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

2 Bandan Chappra 401 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

3 Dbobghatti 185 Nil Nil Nil

4 Gopalpur 288 Nil Nil Nil 5 Jogni 91 Nil Nil Nil

6 Pokhra 73 Nil Nil Nil

7 Sohda 190 Nil Nil Nil

8 Kendua 250 Nil Nil Nil

9 Parariya 337 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

10 Meghatari 409 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

11 Amawan 2027 14 2 Simple Random Sampling



12 Bhalua 327 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

13 Bilarpur 203 Nil Nil Nil

14 Bahadurpur 435 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

15 Chhamuha 81 Nil Nil Nil

16 Chhatni 59 Nil Nil Nil

17 Dumarkol 195 Nil Nil Nil

18 Gagan Buzurg 100 Nil Nil Nil 19 Hardiya 1170 8 2 Simple

Random Sampling

20 Horila 171 Nil Nil Nil 21 Kharaun 240 Nil Nil Nil

22 Kumharua 474 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

23 Madaini 202 Nil Nil Nil 24 Murhena 550 2 1 Simple

Random Sampling

Panti 430 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

26 Parka Buzurg 237 Nil Nil Nil 27 Salempur 440 2 1 Simple

Random Sampling

28 Chaube 402 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

29 Bajwatari(Merged with village Pahwa Chak)

134(34+100) Nil Nil Nil

30 Khanpura 342 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

31 Amjhari 129 Nil Nil Nil

32 Adhbarwa 51 Nil Nil Nil 33 Bara 81 Nil Nil Nil 34 Mohanpur 104 Nil Nil Nil

35 Budhuwa 167 Nil Nil Nil



Total for rural areas 11316 46 16 - B. Urban Area (Rajauli) 1 Ward NO.-0004 345 2 1 Simple

Random Sampling

2 Ward NO.-0010 281 Nil Nil Nil 3 Ward NO.-0014 222 Nil Nil Nil

4 Ward NO.-0001 301 2 1 Simple Random Sampling

Total for urban areas 1149 4 2 -

Grand Total(urban+rural)

12465 50 18 -

It may be seen from the above table that in rural areas 14 out of 35 selected villages were big and they had to be segmented. Similarly, in the urban area 2 out of 4 selected Municipal Wards were big and they had to be segmented. Segmentation helped to save time and resources in field operations. 6.8.14 SURVEY INSTRUMENTS The following Schedules/Questionnaires were developed for collection of Primary Data through Sample survey

Schedule 0.0: House Listing Schedule Questionnaire SES-1A: Village Particulars Questionnaire SES-IB: Town Particulars Questionnaire SES-2: Household Particulars Each Questionnaire was bilingual in English and Hindi. It helped the Investigators to canvass the same in the field for collection of data. The questionnaires were divided into several blocks and there were both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Schedule 0.0 was used for listing of residential, non-residential and residential- cum-non-residential structures. Provision was made in the Household Questionnaire to gather information on perception of the Households regarding the project. 6.8.15 BASELINE DATA Baseline data refers to basic information collected before a project/scheme is implemented. It is used later to provide a comparison for assessing impact of the project. Any attempt to collect base line data while undertaking actual impact assessment study is faced with recall error. The baseline data was collected from secondary sources. It consists of demographic particulars and amenities. The data presented in the table below pertains to study area as a whole.

Table 6.15: Demographic Particulars of the Study Area

S.N. Description Number Percentage to Respective totals

1 Gender wise Total Population of the Study Area

217799 100

Male 112226 51.52




Female 105573 48.48

Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) 941

Overall density of population (per sq. km) 747.68

2

Sector wise Total Population of the Study Area

217799 100 Rural 187629 86.15 Urban 30170 13.85 Density of population in rural areas (per sq. km)

686.73

Density of population in urban areas (per sq. km)

1668.69

3

Gender wise total population in Rural Areas

187629 100

Male 96521 51.45

Female 91108 48.55

Sex Ratio in rural area (No. of females per 1000 males)

944

4

Gender wise total population in Urban Areas

30170 100

Male 15705 52.05 Female 14465 47.95

Sex Ratio in urban area (No. of females per 1000 males)

921

5

Gender wise Total Population (0-6 age group)

38044 100

Male 19402 51.00 Female 18642 49.00 Sex Ratio of 0-6 age group population (No. of females per 1000 males)

961

6

Gender wise population (0-6 age group) in Rural Areas

33391 100

Male 17027 51 Female 16364 49 Sex Ratio of 0-6 age group population in rural area (No. of females per 1000 males)

961

7

Gender wise population (0-6 years) in Urban Areas

4653 100

Male 2375 51 Female 2278 49 Sex Ratio of 0-6 age group population in urban area (No. of females per 1000 males)

959

8 Sector wise number of Households (Total) 31676




Rural 27102 Urban 4574 Average Household size in the Study Area as a whole

7

Average Household size in Rural Area 7 Average Household size in Urban Area 7

Highest Household size in the Study Area 11

Lowest Household size in the Study Area 3

9

Total Population of General and OBC Community in the Study Area

151666 100

Male 78319 51.64 Female 73347 48.36 Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) 937

10

Total Population of General and OBC Community in the Rural Areas

127453 100

Male 65700 51.55

Female 61753 48.45


11

Total Population of General and OBC Community in the Urban Area

24213 100

Male 12619 52.12 Female 11594 47.88


12

Total Population of Schedule Caste Community in the Study Area

66027 100

Male 33862 51.28 Female 32165 48.72 Sex Ratio (No. of females per 1000 males) 950

13

Gender wise Schedule Caste Population in Rural Areas

60087 100

Male 30784 51.24

Female 29303 48.76 Sex Ratio of Schedule Caste population in Rural Areas (No. of females per 1000 males)

952

14

Gender wise Schedule Caste Population in Urban Areas

5940 100

Male 3078 51.82 Female 2862 48.18 Sex Ratio of Schedule Caste population in Urban Areas (No. of females per 1000 males)

930




15

Total Population of Schedule Tribe Community

106 100

Male 45 42.45 Female 61 57.55 Sex Ratio of schedule Tribe population in Study Area (No. Of females per 1000 males)

1355

16

Gender wise Schedule Tribe Population in Rural Areas

89 100

Male 37 41.57

Female 52 58.43 Sex Ratio of Schedule Caste population in Rural Areas (No. Of females per 1000 males)

1405

17

Gender wise Schedule Tribe Population in Urban Areas

17 100

Male 8 47.05

Female 9 52.95

Sex Ratio of Schedule Tribe population in Urban Areas (No. Of females per 1000 males)

1125

18

Total Literates in the Study Area 106033 100 Male 64702 61.02 Female 41331 38.98 Overall Literacy Rate in the Study Area 58.98 Male 69.7 Female 47.54 Gender gap in literacy rate 22.16

19

Gender wise distribution of Literates in the Rural Areas

88746 100

Male 54618 61.54 Female 34128 38.45 Overall Literacy Rate in Rural Areas 57.53 Male 68.70 Female 45.65 Gender gap in literacy rate in rural areas 23.15

20

Gender wise distribution of Literates in the Urban Areas

17287 100

Male 10084 58.33 Female 7203 41.66

Overall Literacy Rate in Urban Areas 67.74 Male 75.64 Female 59.10 Gender gap in literacy rate in Urban Areas 16.54

21 Total Workers in the Study Area 82964 100

Male 53356 64.32




Female 29608 35.68

22

Overall Work Participation rate 38.10 Work participation rate of males 47.54 Work participation rate of females 28.05 Gender Gap in work participation rate 19.49

23 Overall Dependency Rate of Non-workers 162.51

Dependency Rate of Male Non-workers 70.95 Dependency Rate of Female Non-workers 91.56

24

Gender wise distribution of Total Workers in the Rural Areas

72639 100

Male 46052 63.39 Female 26587 36.61

25

Work Participation rate in Rural Areas 38.71 Work Participation rate of males in rural areas

47.71

Work Participation rate of females in rural areas

29.18

Overall Gender Gap in work participation rate in the Rural Areas

18.53

26

Overall Dependency Rate of Non-workers over workers in the Rural Areas

158.30


27

Gender wise distribution of Workers in the Urban Area

10325 100

Male 7304 70.74 Female 3021 29.26

28

Work Participation Rate in Urban Area 24.21 Work Participation Rate of males 46.51 Work Participation Rate of females 20.88 Overall Gender Gap in work participation rate in the urban Area

25.63

29

Overall Dependency Rate of Non-workers over workers in the urban Areas

192.20


30 Total Main Workers in the Study Area 55961 100 Male 39841 71.19 Female 16120 28.81

31

Overall Work Participation rate of Main Workers in the Study Area

25.69

Work Participation rate of males 35.50 Work Participation rate of females 15.27




Overall Gender Gap in work participation rate of main workers

20.23

32

Gender wise distribution of Main Workers in the Rural Areas

48194 100

Male 33833 70.20 Female 14361 29.80

33

Overall work participation rate in Rural Areas

25.68

Work participation rate of males 35.05

Work participation rate of females 15.76

Gender Gap in work participation rate of Main workers in Rural Areas

19.29

34

Gender wise distribution of Main Workers in the Urban Area

7767 100

Male 6008 77.35 Female 1759 22.65

35

Overall work participation rate in Urban Area

25.74

Work participation rate of males 38.25 Work participation rate of females 12.16

Gender Gap in work participation rate of Main workers in Urban areas

26.09

36 Total Marginal Workers in the Study Area 27003 100 Male 13515 50.05 Female 13488 49.95

37

Overall work participation rate of marginal workers in the Study Area

12.40

Work participation rate of males 12.04 Work participation rate of females 12.77 Overall gender gap in work participation rate of Marginal workers

-0.73

38

Gender wise distribution of Marginal Workers in the Rural Areas

24445 100

Male 12219 49.99 Female 12226 50.01

39

Overall work participation rate Marginal Workers in Rural Areas

13.03

Work participation rate of males 12.66 Work participation rate of females 13.42 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Marginal workers in Rural Areas

-0.76

40 Gender wise distribution of Marginal Workers in Urban Area

2558 100




Male 1296 50.66 Female 1262 49.34

41

Overall work participation rate Marginal Workers in Urban Area

8.48

Work participation rate of males 8.25 Work participation rate of females 8.72 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Marginal workers in Urban Area

-0.47

42

Total Household Industrial Workers in the Study Area

5128 100

Male 2441 47.60 Female 2687 52.40

43

Overall work participation rate of Industrial Workers in the Study Area

2.35

Work participation rate of males 2.18 Work participation rate of females 2.55 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Household Industrial Workers

-0.37

44

Gender wise distribution of Household Industrial Workers in Rural Areas

4034 100

Male 1921 47.63 Female 2113 52.37

45

Overall work participation rate of Industrial Workers in Rural Areas

2.15

Work participation rate of males 1.99 Work participation rate of females 2.32 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Household Industrial Workers in Rural Areas

-0.33

46

Gender wise distribution of Household Industrial Workers in Urban Area

1094 100

Male 520 47.53 Female 574 52.47

47

Overall work participation rate of Household Industrial Workers in Urban Area

3.63

Work participation rate of males 3.31 Work participation rate of females 3.97 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Household Industrial Workers in Urban Area

-0.66

48

Total Agricultural Workers in the Study Area

60458 100

Male 39174 64.80 Female 21284 35.20

49 Overall work participation rate of 27.76




Agricultural Workers in the Study Area

Work participation rate of males 34.91 Work participation rate of females 20.16 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Agricultural Workers in the Study Area

14.75

50

Gender wise distribution of Agricultural Workers in Rural Areas

55399 100

Male 35370 63.85 Female 20029 36.15

51

Overall work participation rate of Agricultural Workers in Rural Areas

29.56

Work participation rate of males 36.64 Work participation rate of females 21.98 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Agricultural Workers in Rural Areas

14.66

52

Gender wise distribution of Agricultural Workers in Urban Area

5059 100

Male 3804 75.19 Female 1255 24.81 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Agricultural Workers in Urban Area

15.54

53 Total Cultivators in the Study Area 20758 100 Male 14588 70.27 Female 6170 29.73

54

Overall work participation rate of Cultivators in the Study Area

9.53

Work participation rate of males 12.99 Work participation rate of females 5.84 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Cultivators in the Study Area

7.15

Gender wise distribution of Cultivators in Rural Areas

19370 100

55 Male 13373 69 Female 5997 31

56

Overall work participation rate of Cultivators in Rural Areas

10.32

Work participation rate of males 13.85 Work participation rate of females 6.58 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Cultivators in the Rural Areas

7.27

57 Gender wise distribution of Cultivators in Urban Area

1388 100

Male 1215 87.53




Female 173 12.47

58

Overall work participation rate of Cultivators in Urban Area

4.60

Work participation rate of males 7.74 Work participation rate of females 1.19 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Cultivators in the Urban Area

6.55

59

Total Agricultural Labour in the Study Area

39700 100

Male 24586 61.93

Female 15114 38.07

60

Overall work participation rate of Agricultural Labour in the study Area

18.23

Work participation rate of males 21.91 Work participation rate of females 14.32 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Agricultural Labour in the Study Area

7.59

61

Gender wise distribution of Agricultural Labour in Rural Areas

36029 100

Male 21997 61.05 Female 14032 38.95

62

Overall work participation rate of Agricultural Labours in the Rural Areas

19.20

Work participation rate of males 27.79 Work participation rate of females 15.40 Gender Gap in work participation rate of Agricultural labours in the Rural Areas

12.39

63

Gender wise distribution of Agricultural Labour in Urban Area

3671 100

Male 2589 70.53 Female 1082 29.47

63

Overall work participation rate of Agricultural Labours in the Urban Area

12.67


Work participation rate of females 7.48 Gender gap in work participation ratio 9.01

64 Total ‘Other Workers’ in the Study Area 17378 100

Male 11741 67.56 Female 5637 32.44

65

Overall work participation rate of Other workers in the study area

7.97





Work participation rate of females 5.34 Gender gap in work participation rate 5.12

66

Gender wise distribution of ‘Other Workers’ in Rural Areas

13206 100

Male 8761 66.34 Female 4445 33.66

67

Overall work participation rate of ‘Other workers’ in the Rural Areas

7.04


Work participation rate of females 4.88 Gender gap in work participation rate 4.20

68

Gender wise distribution of ‘Other Workers’ in Urban Area

4172 100

Male 2980 71.43 Female 1192 28.57

69

Overall work participation rate of ‘Other workers’ in the Urban Area

13.83


Work participation rate of females 8.24 Gender gap in work participation 10.73

Source: Census 2011 NB: All the rates and ratios provided in the above table have been compiled on the basis of Census 2011 demographic data. 6.8.15CURRENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS 6.8.15.1 Population Composition According to 2011 Population Census the study area has a total population of 217799. Of this 51.52 percent are male and the remaining 48.48 percent are female. About 86.15 percent of total population is Rural and the remaining 13.85 percent is Urban. Further 17.46 percent of the total population belongs to 0-6 age group. About 51 percent of them are male and the remaining 49 percent are female. 6.8.15.2 Sex Ratio The overall sex ratio in the study area has been worked out to 941 females per 1000 males, which is almost equal to the national average of 940 females per 1000 males. The highest sex ratio recorded in the rural areas is 1467, which have been observed in village Banauli, Sub-district Sirdala, district Nawada, Similarly, the lowest sex ratio in the rural areas is 681 females per 1000 males, which have been observed in village Sili Dubaur, in Sub-district Rajauli, district Nawada. The village wise data reveals that in 64 out of 140 inhabited villages the sex ratio is below the national average of 940 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of Children belonging to 0-6 age group has been worked out to 961 females per 1000 males. This is more than the national and state average of 914 and 918 females per 1000 males, respectively.



6.8.15.3 Density of Population The overall density of population in the study area has been worked out to 748 persons per sq. Kilometre. This is less than the density of population for the state of Bihar, which stands at 1102 persons per sq. Kilometre, according to census 2011. The sector wise density of population of the study area has been worked out to 687 persons per sq. Kilometre in the rural areas and 1669 persons per sq. Kilometre in the urban areas. 6.8.15.4 Distribution of Population by religion Religion wise distribution of population in the study area is given in Table 6.14 below: Table 6.16: District and Sub-district wise distribution of Habitations in the Study area State/ District

Sub-district

Religion wise distribution of Population

Hindu Muslim

Christian

Sikh Buddhists

Jain Other Religion Not Reported

Total

Bihar/ Nawada

Rajauli

124488 (83.46)

23537 (15.79)

79 (0.053)

10 (0.008)

10 (0.007)

5 (0.003)

12 (0.008)

1018 (0.68)

149159 (100)

Hisua 1254 (82.54)

259 (17.0

7)

1 (0.05)

0

0 4 (0.26)

0 1 (0.08)

1519 (100)

Warisaliganj

738 (91.88)

57 (7.09)

0 0 0 0 0 8 (1.04)

803 (100)

Akbarpur

23493 (88.85)

2832 (10.7

1)

33 (0.12)

2 (0.01)

1 (0.004)

0 0 80 (0.30)

26441 (100)

Gobindpur

1328 (89.17)

158 (10.6

3)

1 (0.08)

0

0

0

0

2 (0.12)

1489 (100)

Pakribarawa

n

1815 (84.56)

317 (14.7

6)

1 (0.06)

1 (0.03)

0

0

0 13 (0.61)

2147 (100)

Sirdala

31114 (92.35)

2439 (7.24)

8 (0.02)

3 (0.01)

3 (0.01)

4 (0.011)

1 (0.004)

119 (0.35)

33691 (100)

Jharkhand/Kodarma

Kodarma

1919 (75.25)

608 (23.84)

16 (0.63)

4 (0.16)

0

0

0

3 (0.12)

2550 (100)

Total 186148 (85.48)

30207 (13.86)

139 (0.06)

20 (0.01)

14 (0.01)

13 (0.01)

13 (0.003))

1244 (0.57)

217799 (100)

NB: Figure indicated in the bracket indicates percentage share in the sub-district/tota population.



It may be seen from the above table that 85 percent of the total population of the study area are Hindu and about14 percent are Muslim. The people belonging to other religions constitute less than one percent. 6.8.15.5 Households There are 31,676 households in the study area and the average household size is seven. The highest household size in the study area is eleven, which has been recorded in village Losinghani and the lowest is three, which has been recorded in village Dudhi Mati. 6.8.15.6 Social Structure In the study area the total number of persons belonging to Scheduled Caste community is 66027, which is 30.32 percent of the total population. The gender wise distribution of schedule caste population indicates male 51.28 percent and female 48.72 percent, registering a sex ratio of 950 females per one thousand males. The sector wise distribution of Scheduled Caste population reveals that 91 percent of them are dwelling in the rural areas and the remaining 9 percent in urban area. Further analysis of data reveals that in the study area, the total number of persons belonging to Scheduled Tribe community is 106, which is not even one percent of the total population. When compared with people belonging to schedule caste community it is far below the total numbe r of persons belonging to Scheduled caste community living in the study area. The gender wise distribution of schedule tribe population in the study area is male 42.45 percent and female 57.55 percent. The sex ratio of Scheduled Tribe community has been worked out to 1355 females per one thousand males, as expected. The socio-economic development of poor and downtrodden scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people is a continuous process and the governments, both at the centre and the states are constantly making efforts to improve the destiny of these people. Distribution of surplus land to the members of the above categories of people is an important step taken by the government for their economic empowerment. The State Governments have drawn up its own list of socially and educationally backward classes and implementing various developmental schemes for them. These schemes are mainly in the field of education and income generation. All the ongoing schemes are critically examined and modified periodically to cater to the needs of different groups amongst the above communities. The government has also started various schemes to improve the quality of life of the rural poor, especially for the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes by making special provisions for them. ‘Sampornma Grameen Rozgar Yojana’(SGRY) is one such programme, which was launched to safeguard the interest of the weaker sections and women by providing them wage employment. The ‘Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana’(SGSY), another rural development scheme aims at bringing poor families above the poverty line by providing them with income generating assets through a mixture of credit and subsidy. The SGSY has also made an explicit provision that 50 per cent of the Swarozgaris assisted should be from Scheduled caste and Scheduled Tribe communities. Over the decades the Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people are making rapid progress both in economic and social sphere. Today they are no more untouchables. The literate Schedule Caste and Scheduled tribe people are engaged in trade, commerce & industry, private & government services including police and armed forces. 6.8.15.7 Literates and Literacy Rate All persons aged seven years and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any language including Braille are considered as literate. The total numbers of literate persons in the study area are 106033, which is 48.68 percent of the total population. Of the total number of literate



persons 61.02 percent are male and the remaining 38.98 percent are female. In the rural areas the number of literate persons is 88746, out of which 61.54 percent are male and 38.45 percent are female. The total numbers of literate persons in the urban area are 17287, which comprises of 58.33 percent of male and 41.67 percent of female. The overall literacy rate in the study area has been worked out to 58.98 percent. The gender wise distribution of literacy rate reveals that 69.7 percent of the literate persons are male and 47.54 percent are female. This creates a gender gap of 22.16 percent. As expected the gender gap in literacy rate is much higher (23.15 percent) in rural areas in comparison to urban areas, where the gender gap is 16.54 percent. 6.8.15.8 Workers and Work Participation Rate A worker has been defined as a person who participates in a productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit and such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature. A worker may be a main worker or a marginal worker. The main workers are those worker s who had worked for the major part of the total working period. In case the total working period is 365 days the worker must have worked for more than 183 days. The marginal workers, on the other hand are those workers who had worked for less than six months during the last 365 days. The total number of workers in the study area has been worked out to 82964, which is 38.09 percent of the total population. Of the total number of workers 64.32 percent are male and the remaining 35.68 percent are female. The overall work participation rate is 38.10 percent. While the work participation rate of male is 47.54 percent, it is only 28.05 percent in the case of females. This creates a gender gap of 19.49 percent, which is significantly high. The Main workers constitute 67.45 percent of the total workers, while marginal workers constitute only 32.55 percent of the same. Analysis of data reveals male dominancy in Main workers (71.19 percent) and 50.05 percent in case of Marginal workers. The total number of main and marginal workers in the rural areas of study area is 48194 and 24445 respectively. In the urban areas 7767 are main workers and 2558 are marginal workers. In this connection it is stated that women members in a household are preoccupied with household work besides taking care of their children and other members of the household. Hence, they prefer to work as a marginal worker rather as a main work. Further classification of the workers has revealed that in the study area 72.87 percent of the total workers are agricultural workers, 6.18 percent are household industrial workers and the remaining 20.95 percent are ‘Other Workers’. Furthermore, of the total agricultural workers about 34.33 percent are Cultivators and the remaining 65.67 percent are Agricultural L abour. About 70.27 percent of cultivators are male and the remaining 29.73 percent are female. On the other hand, 61.92 percent of Agricultural labours are male and the remaining 38.08 percent are female. It may be observed from the above figures that participation of women in agriculture both as cultivators and agricultural Labour is far below in comparison to their male counterpart. This also confirms that in agriculture women work more as agricultural labours than as cultivators. The agricultural labours are mostly landless. They work in the field of big farmers for which they get wages or part of the produce. The wages of women agricultural labour is miserably low in comparison to their male counterpart, though they put same amount of hard work as the male does. The ‘Other Workers’ include white collar workers, blue collar workers, pink collar workers, informal workers, etc.



6.8.15.9 Dependency Ratio Based on total number of workers gainfully employed and non-workers either in search of a job or very old & retired or physically handicapped or mentally retarded or students continuing their studies or people who have no intention to work, the overall dependency rate has been worked out to 162.5 percent. While the dependency rate for male is 70.95 percent, it is 91.56 percent in the case of female. This indicates that unemployment situation in the study area is a matter of concern. The dependency rate in urban area (192.20) is higher than its counterpart in rural areas (158.30). 6.8.16 AMENITIES Various amenities available in the study area are given in the following table

Table 6.17: Amenities available in the study area Sr. No.

Description Number of habitations where the facility is available

Number of institutions/facilities

Villages Towns Villages Towns

A INSTITUTIONAL EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES 1 Private Pre-Primary

Schools 27 - 27 -

2(a) Govt. Primary Schools 101 1 117 15

2(b) Private Primary Schools 7 1 7 6

Total Primary Schools 101 1 124 21

3(a) Govt. Middle Schools 39 1 39 8 3(b) Private Middle Schools 3 - 3 - Total Middle Schools 39 1 42 8 4 Govt. Secondary Schools 3 1 3 1 5(a) Govt. Senior Secondary

Schools 2 1 2 1

5(b) Private Senior Secondary Schools

- 1 - 0

Total Senior Secondary Schools 2 1 2 1

6 Other Schools 1 - 1 -

Total no. of Educational Institutions 199 31

(B) HEALTH FACILITIES

1 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre

11 1 11 1

2 Primary Health Sub-Centre 14 - 14 -

3 Family Welfare Centre 13 1 13 1

4 Dispensary/Health Centre - 1 - 1(31)

6 Maternity Home - 1 - 1

7 TB Clinic - 1 - 1



8 Veterinary Hospital 1 1 1 1

Total for Institutional Health Facilities 39 6

(C) Medical Personnel

1 Maternity and Child Welfare Centre

1(a) Total no. of doctors sanctioned and in position

11 1 11 1

1(b) Maternity And Child Welfare Centre Para Medical Staff sanctioned and in position

11 1 11 1

2 Primary Health Sub-Centre

2(a) Total No. of doctors sanctioned and in position

11 - 11 -

2(b) Primary Health Sub Centre Para Medical Staff sanctioned and in position

14 - 26 -

3 Family Welfare Centre


13 1 13 1

3(b) Family Welfare Centre Para Medical Staff sanctioned and in position

13 1 13 2

4 Dispensary/ Health Centre


- 1 - 20

5 Maternity Home


- 1 - 1

5(b) Maternity Home Para Medical Staff sanctioned and in position

- 1 - 1

6 Veterinary Hospital


1 - 1 -



6(b) Veterinary Hospital Para Medical Staff sanctioned and in position

1 1 4 1

Total Medical personnel Sanctioned and in position

- - 90 28

7 Qualified and non qualified medical practitioners

1 Non Government Medical Practitioner with MBBS Degree

6 - 14 -

2 Non Government Medical Practitioner with other Degree

10 - 13 -

3 Non Government Medical facilities having Traditional Practitioner and Faith Healer

4 - 8

-

Total no. of qualified and non qualified Medical Practitioners

- - 35 -

8 Other medical facilities

4 Non Government Medical facilities -Medicine Shop

15 - 19 -

5 Non Government Medical facilities Others

3 - 4 -

(D) DRINKING WATER FACILITIES

1 Wells 150 - 1 -

2 Hand Pump 140 - 1 - 3 Tank 3 - - -

4 River/Canal 42 - - -

5 Tube Well 38 - 1 -

6 Tap ( Untreated Water) 4 - - -

7 Spring 1 - - -

8 Other 1 - - -

(E) ELECTRICITY

1 Power for Domestic uses only

11 - - -

2 Power for domestic and agricultural uses

35 - - -



3 Power for domestic ,agricultural and commercial

40 - - -

4 Power for agricultural uses only

6 - - -

5 No. of domestic connections in urban area

- 1 - 900

(F) COMMUNICATION

1 Telephone Landlines 12 - - -

2 Public Call Offices 10 - - -

3 Internet Cafes 1 - - -

4 Private Courier facility 4 - - -

5 Public Bus Services 19 - - -

(G) ROADS

1.Rural Areas

1 Only Foot Roads 1 - - -

2 Mud and Foot Roads 4 - - -

4 Paved and Foot Roads 2 - -

5 Paved, Mud and Foot Roads 133

2.Urban Areas

1 Paved Roads in Urban areas (Kms)

- 1 - 20

(H) Banking and Credit facilities 1 Commercial Banks/

Nationalized Banks 3 1 - 2

2 Cooperative Banks 2 1 - 1

4 Agricultural Credit Societies 22 - - -

(I) Others

1 Self-Help Group 56 - - -

2 ASHA 93 - - -

Source: RGI The data given in the above table reveals that the study area is lacking in basic amenities like affordable health facilities, educational institutions, sanitation, safe drinking water, banking facilities etc. Electricity is yet to reach 48 villages for domestic and other uses. Similarly, ASHAs are yet to be appointed in the remaining 47 villages. The banking facilities in the study area are awfully inadequate. There are only five banks of which three are commercial banks. Due to inadequacy of banking facilities in the study area people, especially the small farmers are forced to approach the money lenders for credit facilities. The household wise status of various facilities available in the study area is provided in the Table below.



Table 6.18: Household wise status of various facilities available in the study area

Description No. of Households Percentage of Households

HOUSES 1 Delapidated 2315 7.3

2 Livable 17904 56.5 3 Good 11457 36.2

Total 31676 100 DRINKING WATER

1 Water available within the premises

15745 49.71

2 Water available near the premises

12045 38.03

3 Water available away from the

premises

3886 12.26

Total 31676 100

SANITATION 1 Households having

latrine facility within the premises

7300 23

2 No Latrine 24376 77 Total 31676 100

LIGHT 1 Electricity 5321 16.80

2 Kerosene 25972 81.99 3 Solar and Other 358 1.13

4 No Lighting 25 0.08 Total 31676 100

KITCHEN AND TYPES OF FUEL USED

1 Availability of kitchen Inside house

25856 81.63

2 Availability of kitchen outside

house

5763 18.19

3 No Kitchen for cooking

57 0.18

Total 31676 100

FUEL USED IN COOKING 1 LPG 2576 8.13

2 Kerosene 86 0.28

3 Crop Residue 17388 54.89



4 Fire wood 11128 35.13

5 Other 498 1.57 Total 31676 100

BANKING SERVICES

1 Households availing banking services

14125 44.59

2 Households not availing banking services

17551 55.41

Total 31676 100

Source: Compiled from Census 2011 data. An analysis of the data on amenities reveals that in the study area only 36 percent of the dwelling units are in good condition and the remaining 64 percent are either falling down or somewhat in liveable condition. The tap water is yet to reach the study area in a big way. Most of the people meet their water needs from wells and/or hand pumps. Besides the above nearly half of the total number of households living in the study area draw water from far away sources. Only 50 percent of the households have facilities for drawing water within the premises. About 77 percent of the total households have no latrines. They are forced to defecate in the open. About 82 percent of the households in the study area depend on kerosene for lighting their houses. The Rural Electrification Corporation is yet to carry forward electricity in the rural areas of the study area, which is long pending. Only 17 percent of the households have been provided with electricity in the study area. The data reveals that crop residue is the main fuel used in cooking, which creates immense air pollution in the area. 6.8.17 ASSESSMENT OF LIKELY SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT 6.8.17.1 IMPACT ON POPULATION COMPOSITION In general, no impact is envisaged on the population composition of the study area as there will be no in-migration or out-migration of villagers. Since all the workers will be recruited locally in-migration of people in search of job in the proposed mining projects is not expected. Similarly, chances of out-migration of people due to environmental degradation resulting from mining activities are remote as stone is not so lethal that may create havoc to the residing population. Since there will be blasting for extraction of stones air and noise pollution is expected in the nearby areas. As due care will be taken to check air and noise pollution chances of out migration of people from the nearby villages will be least. Hence, there will be no negative impact on the population composition of the study area. If on the other hand, the project proponent is compelled to recruit few highly skilled workers from distant places outside the study area the impact on population composition will be insignificant or margina l. 6.8.17.2 IMPACT ON EMPLOYMENT For mining of stones the project proponents intend to recruit the local people. The total number of people to be recruited will depend upon quantity of minerals to be extracted over a period of time. In the initial period the number of such people will be less but gradually it will go up when the extraction of minerals will pick up. It is definitely a positive impact of the proposed mining project.

On an average 55 workers have been estimated to be engaged in one pit for extraction of stones. Thus 275 workers will be deployed in five pits to achieve the targeted production of 35, 18,480 Tons per annum. These workers fall in the category of formal workers, which constitutes 73.33 percent of the total workers. The remaining 26.67 percent of the total workers are informal workers, who are yet to get recognition in



the total workforce. Of the total number of formal workers proposed to be engaged in five pits 85 will be skilled, 15 will be semiskilled and 175 will be unskilled. In terms of percentage 30.91 percent will be skilled workers, 5.45 percent will be semiskilled workers and the remaining 63.64 percent are unskilled workers. All the unskilled workers are expected to be engaged on piece rate basis. They will be paid their wages on the basis of task performed during a given period of time. Each mining project will be operated under the supervision of a Mining Foreman/Engineer having adequate experiences. Besides providing direct employment to the local people there will be indirect employment for about hundred persons in the informal sector, who are either Semi-Skilled and or Un-skilled. The above job opportunities will however be for a limited period of 275-300 days. During the monsoon period when there will be no mining activity the above workers will be without job. Hence, this can be termed as casual employment for a fixed period. It is expected that total number of workers in the study area will increase by 0.45 percent when all the five mines will be in full operation. Though, the percentage increase in employment generation due to the proposed mining projects is negligible but it is definitely a positive impact of the upcoming Rajauli mining project. The table and figure below provides category wise manpower proposed to be deployed by the project proponents during the operation of the mines.

Table 6.19: Category wise distribution of manpower to be deployed during the operation of the mines

Sr. No. Manpower Description

Quality of workers

Number of workers to be engaged per project

Number of workers to be engaged in five projects

% to total number of persons proposed to be recruited

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (4)

A Formal Workers 1 Mining

Foreman/Engineer (Full Time)

Skilled 1 5 1.33

2 Supervisors Skilled 8 40 10.67 3 Mines Mate/Blaster Skilled 2 10 2.67

4 Office Assistant/Dispatch Supervisor

Skilled 1 5 1.33

5 Drivers Skilled 4 20 5.34

6 Time keeper Skilled 1 5 1.33

Total Skilled workers 17 85 22.67

7 Compressor Operator

Semiskilled 1 5 1.33

8 Jack hammer operator

Semiskilled 2 10 2.67

Total Semiskilled workers 3 15 4.0

9 Piece rated workers Unskilled 35 175 46.66



Total (A) 55 275 73.33

B Informal Workers Semiskilled/Unskilled

20 100 26.67

Grand Total (A+B) 75 375 100.0

$ Piece rate is a system of making payment of wages to an employee. Under this system an employee is paid for each unit of production at a fixed rate. Thus piece rate is the amount of money paid per task performed or piece produced.

Figure 6.4: Category wise distribution of manpower to be deployed during the operation of

the mine 6.8.17.4 INCREASED SUPPLY OF STONES FOR END USERS Stone is an important building material. It is widely used in construction of buildings, roads, railway tracks, dams, embankments etc. In construction of buildings it is used by mixing with cement and sand/bajri. Due to inadequate supply of stone slabs and stone pieces construction activities and infrastructure development in Bihar and adjoining states is moving at a slow rate. It is expected that with the commencement of stone mining in Mauza Rajauli there will be increased supply of crushed stones in the market. This will pave the growth of construction and infrastructure development in the above states. It is expected that the supply of this important raw material will increase by 35, 18,480 Tons per annum, w hen all the five pits are in full operation. Uninterrupted supply of this important raw material is essential for infrastructure development in the states and for greater employment opportunities for local jobless. This is a positive impact of the project.

1%

11% 3% 1%

5% 1%

1%

3%

47%

27%

Category wise distribution of manpower to be deployed during the operation of the mine

Mining Foreman/Engineer (Full Time)Supervisors

Mines Mate/Blaster

Office Assistant/Dispatch SupervisorDrivers

Time keeper

Compressor Operator

Jack hammer operator

Piece rated workers



6.8.17.5 SCOPE FOR PROMOTION OF SAND BASED INDUSTRIES IN THE STUDY AREA With increased supply of sand in the region the prospective entrepreneurs shall have the opportunity to set up crushing units and manufacture of roofing tiles etc. This will generate additional employment opportunities for the local people. This is a positive impact of the project. 6.8.17.6 SCOPE FOR DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS IN THE AREA Movement of trucks, dumpers and other vehicles to and fro the quarry site is expected to increase substantially, when the mine will start operating. The existing approach roads connecting the quarry with the national and state highways are narrow and uneven. There will be mud slides and traffic bottle necks if the road is not widened and their surface conditions are not improved to support heavy truck dumper traffic. Hence, there is good scope for development and maintenance of roads in the area. This is a positive impact of the project. 6.8.17.7 IMPACT ON AGRICULTURE The mine lease area is a government waste land devoid of any vegetation and no agriculture is possible on it. Hence, damage to agriculture in the lease area does not arise at all. 6.8.17.8 IMPROVEMENT IN QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE LOCAL PEOPLE The mining project proposes to provide gainful employment to about 55 people direct and indirect employment to about hundred people. If a worker provides his services for 275-300 days in a year and a sum of Rs. 300 is given to him per day as his wages his household income will increase by Rs.82,500 – 90,000 per annum. This will bring a positive change in the consumption pattern of the household. The quality of life will improve to those households who will be benefitted by getting employment in the above mining project. This is a positive impact of the project. 6.8.17.9 IMPACT ON STATE INCOME The upcoming mining project will make positive impact on state’s economy as state’s revenue will increase due to higher collection of royalty, dead rent, taxes and fees. It is a positive and direct impact of the project on State’s Gross Domestic product (SGDP). 6.8.17.10 IMPACT ON LAW & ORDER As local people will be deployed to run the quarry, no law & order problem is envisaged. It is expected that the workers will attend to their duties from their residences and return to their homes after the day’s work is over. There would have ethnic issues and subsequent law & order problem if the workers were migrants and lived in shanties close to the mining area. However, to meet any untoward incident a police post may be set up close to the project area. 6.8.17.11 CHECK ON ILLEGAL MINING Illegal stone extraction has far reaching impacts on the society as it creates disturbances in the social well being of the people. There are instances of indiscriminate violation of ‘Illegal Mining Rules’ framed by various state governments. This has resulted to increase in the instances of conflicts in the area. Majority of the people who are engaged in illegal stone mining activities are outsiders with criminal backgrounds. They force the local people in different ways to sell their lands for extraction of stone and those who oppose them are physically attacked. Conflict between the criminal groups for the monopoly of stone mining is a usual scene in many areas across the country and in most cases it is fatal. The common people are helpless as they are often threatened by the mafias. Further, illegal mining brings windfall gain to the stone mafias resulting to conspicuous expenditures especially on drinking, which again causes law and order problem in



the mining area and its surrounding areas. Thus illegal mining not only bring loss to the Government revenue but also create law and order problems in the mining area. The proposed mining project in district Nawada, Bihar has legal backing since the lease has been granted by the Government and the miner will start operating the mine after the receipt of environment clearance and other permissions from the Government. Such projects with legal backing are expected to put a check on illegal mining and siphoning of government revenue. 6.8.17.12 IMPACT ON HEALTH Mining is always a health hazard and extraction of Stones is no exception to that. The major health problem originates from mining of stones is the generation of dust and other pollutants. It exposes communities to airborne particulate matter that damages lungs of infants, children, elderly persons and those with existing health problems. This must be checked when mine starts operating, otherwise it will lead to permanent respiratory diseases. The Table below presents types of social & economic impacts that people in the study area are expected to endure when the mining activity will commence in the upcoming stone mines in Nawada district of Bihar. Table 6.20: Social & Economic impacts of Stone Mining Project in district Nawada, Bihar

Sr. No. Description Impact Type Positive Impact Negative Impact No Impact Direct In-

direct Direct In-direct

1 Population Composition

- - - - Yes

2 Formal and Informal Employment Generation

Yes - - - -

3 Increased Supply of stone for end users

Yes - - - -

4 Scope for promotion of stone based industries in the study area.

- Yes - - -

5 Scope for development and maintenance of roads in the area

- Yes - - -

6 Impact on Agriculture - - - - Yes 7 Improvement in

Quality of life of the local people

- Yes - - -

8 Increase in State Income

Yes - - - -

9 Impact on Law & Order

- - - - Yes

10 Check on illegal mining

Yes - - - -

11 Impact on Health

- - Yes - -



It is clear from the above table that the up-coming mining project in Nawada district of Bihar will yield positive impact on seven variables, negative impact on one variable and no impact on three variables. 6.8.18.0 SUGGESTIONS The Public opinion is in favour of community health programme under which the mine operators should be encouraged to invest in building of healthcare infrastructure like hospitals, clinics, health education resources, emergency response personnel and equipment, doctors, nurses and hygienists. Furnished below are few steps need to be taken by the mine operators to meet any health hazard during the course of mining practices. 6.8.18.1 SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT The project proponent must ensure health and safety of all the employees at work. He must maintain safe work environment and ensure that the machinery and equipment in use are safe for his employees. Further, he must make sure that work arrangements are non-hazardous to employees. 6.8.18.2 PROVISION OF FIRST AID There should be provision for First Aid and the first aiders must be well trained in handling patients working in stone pits. 6.8.18.3 REGULAR HEALTH EXAMINATION Periodical medical examination as per Mine Rules 1955 should be undertaken for all the mine workers. This must be made compulsory for all workers engaged in extraction of minerals. The regular health examination must cover treatment of serious back injury; existing asthma or respiratory diseases, existing skin diseases, lung function test (pre and post ventolin), Audiograms, Chest X- ray etc. 6.8.18.4 NO WORK FOR TEMPORAL DISABILITIES: The workers having temporary disability must stop doing the job till he/she recovers from disabilities. 6.8.18.5 HEALTH EDUCATION: Adequate health education and information related to the job must be provided to the workers. Baseline health information should be recorded for future references. 6.8.18.6 TIE UP WITH THE NEAREST HOSPITAL FOR MEDICAL HELP To meet the medical needs of the mine workers tie-ups with nearest hospitals should be made. Efforts must be made to reserve few beds in the above hospitals for the workers of the upcoming mining project. This will ensure timely medical aid to the affected persons. 6.8.18.7 SUPPLY OF MASK, GLOVES ETC The workers in the sand mines are subject to respiratory diseases. For protection from dust it must be made compulsory for all workers to wear masks and gloves, while working in a mine. 6.8.18.8 ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-VENOM INJECTIONS Provision of Anti-venom therapy must be made available for administration to the workers in case of snake, spider and insect bites, while working in the mine.



6.8.18.9 SPECIAL TELEPHONE NUMBER A special telephone number should be made available to the workers in case of emergency so that they can dial the same for medical assistances. Further, efforts may be made to provide vehicles to the patients in short duration for shifting to the health institutions. 6.8.18.10 SPECIAL GROUP INSURANCE SCHEME All the mine workers must be covered under a Group Insurance Scheme of LIC or any other Insurance company to achieve economic objectives and social obligations. 6.8.19 PERCEPTION OF LOCAL PEOPLE During the course of site visit people living in the nearby villages were requested to express their views about the up-coming mining projects in Mauza Rajauli district Nawada in Bihar. Irrespective of the distance of the villages from the mining site they all supported it. They stated that it should be given top priority as the entire construction industry is depended upon it. However, people living in the study area stated that extraction of stone should be allowed under the following conditions: All the persons to be deployed for extraction of stones should be recruited locally from Rajauli and in no case outsiders be engaged for the purpose. There should not be pilling of stones for deferred sale. The piling of stones will create environment pollution. The mud road connecting the quarry with the Tar road should be well maintained and there should not be any pothole or uneven surface. This will ensure speedy transportation of stones from the quarry to the end users. The trucks loaded with minerals must ply on dedicated roads away from densely populated areas in order to avoid accidents, dust and noise pollution. The local communities should be involved while implementing the CSR activities. The CSR activities should be carried on under the supervision of a team drawing members from the affected villages. 6.8.20 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to responsibility of a company/ organization to ensure positive impact on environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of public sphere. It is a new concept in the mining sector and the companies are still going through the learning curve. The CSR activities are increasingly being taken up by the project proponents not only as fulfilling of mandatory provisions but also for the formation or enhancement of brand image. Besides the above, CSR is seen more as a responsibility towards society rather than a business promotion activity. It is the need of the day for expansion of occupational welfare. The project proponents of the upcoming stone mining project for Block 2 in Mauza Rajauli, district Nawada, have already identified the activities, which are proposed to be undertaken by them for the benefits of the local community. This will not only improve the socio-economic status of the people living in the nearby areas but also enhance the reputation of the project proponent among the general public. On an average project proponent propose to spend Rs 6 lakhs. The list of activities proposed to be taken up by the project proponents is indicated below. Health camps for local community

Financial Assistance for Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in schools Repairing of wells and hand pumps

Vocational Training for self employment



Supply of school uniforms to children belonging to economically weaker sections

Scholarship to girl students to economically weaker belonging section Supply of solar lamps to BPL households

Campaign on women empowerment and school dropouts Conduct of “Save Water Save Life” campaigns in rural areas Water storage for domestic animals Strengthening of school Libraries by supplying books and periodicals

Repair of school buildings Eye camps in cluster of villages to remove blindness due to ignorance Awareness campaigns on HIV/AIDS and drug addiction

Supply of medicines to charitable dispensaries/hospitals Distribution of blankets and woollen clothes to BPL households

Supply of Hybrid seeds to the farmers Tentative, block wise and year wise allocation of funds for the above activities proposed to be taken up by the project proponents is provided in the table below: Table 6.21: Year wise allocation of funds for the various activities proposed to be taken up by the mine owners of Block 2 under CSR program

Proponent: M/S Mahadev Enclave Pvt. Ltd, Jaipur,Rajasthan S. No Activities Allocation of fund (Rs. 6 Lakhs)

Year1 Year

2

Year

3

Year

4 Year 5 Total

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

1 Development Programs For The Local People (Health Camps, Vocational Training to Local People)

0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 3.45

2 Financial Assistance for Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in schools

0.30 0.70 - 0.30 - 1.30

3 Supply of solar lamps to BPL households

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.25

Total 1.24 1.64 0.94 1.24 0.94 6.00



All the activities listed above are for community development and the same will be implemented in close collaboration with the village pradhans. The Project proponent may avail the services of a NGO in this regard. 6.8.21 CONCLUSION During the course of the study 11 social factors were identified that may influence the socio -economic life of the people in the study area. Except one all of them are positive impacts, which are expected to improve the quality of life of the local people. Beside the above the mining will bring revenue to the state government. The implementation of the Stone Mining projects in Mauza Rajauli, district Nawada, Bihar will generate both direct and indirect employment for the local aspirants. Besides the above it will bring a check on illegal mining in the district. Since the quarries have been allotted by the Government on lease basis, mining operation will be legally valid. It is expected that interested entrepreneurs will venture to set up resource and demand based micro and small scale units in the near future making the area a mixed society, dependent on industry, trade and business. At present agriculture is the main occupation of the people. With the implementation of the proposed mining project the occupational pattern of the people in the area will change making more people engaged in industrial and business activities rather in agriculture. Thus there will be a gradual shifting of population from agriculture to mining and industry. It thus proves that Stone Mining activities have significant socio-economic impacts on livelihoods of local communities. However, care has to be taken to discourage illegal mining that results to social tension, conflicts and alcoholism that may pose a threat to the well being of the people living in the neighborhoods of the mining area.



CHAPTER – 7 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.0 IMPROVEMENTS IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The project will improve the physical infrastructure in the buffer zone by assisting in improved road

communication along with transportation facilities. It will also provide aid for existing community

facilities through the Panchayat and provide drinking water during dry season.

7.1 IMPROVEMENTS IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The project will assists in improvements in the social infrastructure like improvement of road

condition in the buffer zone, water supply during dry season, drainage, educational institu tions and

improved environmental conditions, etc. The PP will assist in Dissipation of government programs

and awareness program and activities like health camps, medical aids, family welfare programs,

immunization camp, sports & cultural activities, plantation etc.

7.2 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

The area is economically backward. The project will give direct employment to 55 persons and

indirect employment to another 30 persons. The mining activity will provide employment to local

people which will improve socio-economic status of the mining area.

7.3 TANGIBLE SOCIAL BENEFITS

There will be positive impact on socio-economic aspects due to new employment opportunities,

increased economic activities, better living standard, educational facility, health facility and

infrastructural development.

7.4 OTHER BENEFITS

The project will contribute to district mineral fund which will directly provide aid to the local

authority to fund the development projects. The management will provide free saplings of fruit

baring and other trees, etc. to local during rain for plantation. This will increase the consciousness in

workers and near-by villagers for greenery. Fruit trees can contribute towards their financial gains.

Periodic medical checkups as per Mines Act / Rules and other social development and promotional

activities will be undertaken. All this will assist to lift the general health status of the residents of the

area around mines.



CHAPTER – 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.0 INTRODUCTION The environmental management plan consists of the set of mitigation, management, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of the project, to eliminate adverse environmental impacts or reduce them to acceptable levels. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been designed within the framework of various Indian legislative and regulatory requirements on environmental and socio -economic aspects so as to attain sustainable development. The present environmental management plan addresses the proposed measures required for meeting the prevailing statutory requirements of air emissions, waste water discharge characteristics, noise levels, land use, socio economics etc for environmental management

purpose in connection with the mining and mining related activities in the study area.

8.1 AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT The potential sources of air pollution due to the existing mining activities and proposed expansion is excavation, loading, unloading, transportation and exhaust fumes of machines. The air pollution may be broadly classified into two categories:- Gaseous pollutants (NOx, SO2 and CO) due to deployment of HEMM and transport vehicles

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) As per the results of ambient air quality monitoring data, the back ground concentrations of PM10, PM 2.5, SO2 and NO2 are within the stipulated CPCB standards. The present level of mining and proposed enhancement/expansion of the mine is not expected to increase the gaseous pollutants beyond the permissible limits. However following mitigative measures will be taken to minimize\nullify the SPM levels in ambient air. The environmental control measures proposed are given below: 8.1.1 Air pollution control measures:- Air pollution control strategy involves planning a series of preventive and suppressive measures. These will contain the generation and dispersion of fugitive dust i.e. dust which is not captured during mining operation. (a) Preventive measures:- The following preventive measures will be practiced to prevent air pollution. Wet drilling will be carried out.

Use of optimum quantity of explosive for blasting which will create minimum dust has been suggested. Blasting will be done during favorable weather conditions.

Controlled blasting will be done with proper design of blasting parameters i.e. proper burden and spacing of blast hole.

Proper maintenance of vehicles would reduce gas emission.



Restriction of the speed of vehicles would reduce dust generation.

Sprinkling of water will be done on the haul roads to prevent dust generation during plying of vehicles.

To reduce dust generation during loading operation water will be sprayed over the muck pile to be loaded.

To reduce spread of dust, plantation will be done along the mining lease boundary a well as by the side of the haul road.

Reclaimed area will be stabilized and consolidated by plantation to prevent generation of air borne dust.

Fugitive dust generation will be controlled at source and regularly monitored

(b) Suppressive measures:-

Water spraying at faces before drilling and blasting will reduce the air pollution considerably i.e. emission of fugitive dust.

Haul road will be maintained regularly. Frequent water spraying on haul roads to prevent generation of air borne dust.

Regular maintenance of vehicles and machineries will be carried out in order to control emissions.

Good housekeeping and proper maintenance will be practiced which will help in controlling pollution.

Over loading of vehicles will be avoided as spillage generates dust.

Dust masks will be provided to the workers working in the loading operations Ore carrying trucks will be effectively covered by tarpaulin to avoid escape of fines to the

ambient air.

(c) Proposed Monitoring:-

Periodical monitoring of air samples will be carried out at various locations within core zone as well as buffer zone.

Vehicular emission will be regularly monitored. Periodic health checkup for the workers shall be done

8.2 WATER MANAGEMENT AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Mining activities may cause adverse impacts due to mine drainage, Siltation due to storm water, lowering of water table and contaminated water from dump. However in the present project, working is proposed above ground water table and no surface water source exists within the M L area, the impact on water resources is negligible. However, in order to mitigate the likely impacts the following management has been proposed. Surface water There is no perennial source of surface water such as river or nalla in the lease area. The surface water sources in the buffer zone are as follows- Khuri River : 1.65 Kms East, Dhanarjay River – 2.2 Km SW. However, proposal have been furnished for the protection of siltation, sedimentation etc. during heavy showers. Toe wall having width 1.0m. and height 1.0m will be made along the slope of



waste dump. The toe walls will avoid the wash off the material during intermittent rains. Further no significant impact on water quality is anticipated as material exposed will be Normal Stone Boulders which is feebly reacts with water. Even if reaction takes place it gives increased temporary hardness.

Ground Water Hand pumps, bore wells and dug wells are situated within buffer zone in nearby villages in which drinking water facilities are available. The mining activity will be restricted above the ground water table which is about 19m bgl. Therefore, the mining activity in the leasehold area will not make any impact on ground water quality. The rain water accumulation and water harvesting in the pit will recharge the ground water table of the drought prone area.

No pumping of water from mine will be done. The mine water from sump will mostly be used for mining, afforestation and allied activities.

A monitoring net work of dug wells will be established to monitor the ground water level.

No waste water will be generated. Monitoring of water quality of mine discharge water and domestic water will be conducted at

regular interval to evaluate the performance of the mitigation measures. Adequate control measures will be adopted to check not only the wash-off from OB but also

uncontrolled flow of mine water.

Water Conservation Plan No ground water table will be intersected. The rain water accumulating in this area will be used for dust suppression and green belt development, thus conserving the water requirement for mine use, so as not to depend upon other natural resources. The water in reservoir will help in au gment water table.

Water conservation measures proposed to be adopted are as given below:-

Trenches will be cut across the sloping side of the hill to prevent surface runoff at the foot of the hill.

Settling tank and check dam at the lowest level will be constructed to prevent surface runoff and silt in to the nearby area.

Plantation will be done in the barrier. Optimum utilization avoiding unnecessary wastage of water will be done.

Awareness programs will be taken up to educate public for conservation of water. Mobile toilets with modular septic tank having efficient water utilization capacity (low facets

water requirement for flushing) will be used. Water sprinklers will be used to minimize the air borne dust emissions on haul roads which

minimizes the consumption of water.

Post-monsoon and Pre-monsoon groundwater level will be monitored regularly.

8.3 NOISE POLLUTION CONTROL

In the mining, noise pollution is generally caused due to mine machineries, drilling, blasting,

equipment & plying of vehicles. Following measurement will be taken for noise pollution control.



Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like ear muffs/ear plugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone;

The vehicles to be properly lubricated and regular maintenance of vehicles and equipments to be done for less noise generation.

It is suggested to provide noise proof cabins for operators in dumpers, excavators and loaders.

Silencers should be provided to modulate the noise generated by vehicles. Proper maintenance of drill equipment.

Blasting will be well designed and arranged in such a way that less than 10 holes will be blasted at a time with the use of short delay detonators.

Secondary blasting will be avoided.

Proper stemming of holes will be done. Blasting will be done between 12 noon to 1P.M. when temperature inversions

are not likely to be there and air density is less. Blast of optimum charge will be designed to keep noise level well within threshold value.

8.3.1 Mitigation measures to reduce ambient noise levels & measures to protect workers from

high noise levels:- The following measures are being proposed to reduce pollution due to noise. A thick green belt in phased manner to be provided around the periphery of the lease area to

screen the noise.

Trees to be planted on both sides of the roads used for transport. Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise level.

8.4 BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT

Afforestation is a major thrust area in pollution control of mining. Afforestation is suitable for detecting, recognizing and reducing air pollution effects. Trees function as sinks of air pollutants, besides their bio-aesthetical values, owing to its large surface area. Thus afforestation is of paramount importance. It also checks soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally stable and make the climate more conducive. The mine management will take necessary steps to avoid the impact on the ecology of the area by adopting suitable management measures in the planning and implementation stage. Plantation will be carried out in leasehold area as well as nearby villages.

8.4.1 Greenbelt Development

The green belt supplements oxygen to the atmosphere and combat air pollution effectively. It not only improves the aesthetic beauty and land space resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of the mines with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution sink as indicated above.

Greenbelt will be developed in following areas:

Along mine lease boundary Around office buildings.

Along the side of roads



Following factors will be taken into account while selecting species for plantation. Fast growing plant species will be preferred. The plant will be of deep rooting system. The plant will be perennially green to improve the aesthetic beauty of the area. The plant species

will be adoptable to the local climatic condition. The plantation will be taken care of till it becomes self-sustaining.

The reclaimed area after consolidation & stabilization will be afforested with native species such as Ficus religosa (pipal), Boswellia serrata (Salai), Azadirachta indica (Neem), Mangifera indica (Aam), Emblica officinalis (Anwala), Aegle marmerlos (Ibei) will be planted.

8.4.2 Phase wise Plantation for afforestation 33% (i.e. 1.65 Ha) of the mine lease area is proposed for plantation under green belt development program of proposed project. 500 plants species per Hectare will be planted along the approach roads, safety zones and on the area marked for green belt development. The stage wise plantation and its areas are given in table below

Table 8.1: Schedule of Greenbelt Development

Year Green belt area (Ha)

Saplings to be planted

Survival rate (80%)

Costing INR

Place of Plantation

First Year 0.33 165 132 10,560 Within the lease hold area nearby school, hospital, police station,7.5 m barrier zone, community center & other Public utility places

Second Year 0.33 165 132 10,560

Third Year 0.33 165 132 10,560

Fourth Year 0.33 165 132 10,560

Fifth Year 0.33 165 132 10,560

Total 1.65 825 660 52,800

8.4.3 Post Plantation Care Post plantation care will be integral part of mine management. An environment monitoring cell will be established for post plantation care, which include, regular watering, manuring, protective measures etc. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and replaced by fresh saplings. Regular monitoring on survival rate and remedial action will be done in an organized and planned manner. All efforts to improve the survival of the saplings and their healthy growth will be taken up like watering, fencing, keeping watch and ward and seeking guidance from the local Forest Dept. Following precaution to be undertaken for survival of plants:

The samplings will be undertaken for survival of plants.

Plants will be taken care by applying fertilizers and proper wedding etc. Healthy tree species will be recommends for plantation.

Fatal saplings will be replaced with new healthy saplings. Every sapling will be covered by tree guard to avoid damage through cattle grazing. A Gardner or mazdoor should be employed for care. Necessary arrangement will be provided for watering tree species planted at different parts.



Further in between these tree species, under growth such as shrub variety which gives abandonment litter to develop the humus in the soil and also which retains the moisture content of the soil will be developed. 8.4.4 Plan for Reduction of Impact on Fauna The impact on fauna species in the mining area is mostly due to noise vibration and loss of vegetation cover. The migrating routes of wild animals will not be disturbed and action will be taken as per the guideline of State Forest Department and as per the Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972. .No working is proposed during night time. No light will be allowed to spread outside ML area. 8.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT

8.5.1 Back Filling No OB will be generated due to mining activities. The OB removal & production of mineral for the first five years has been mentioned below.

Table 8.2: Overburden Details

Year Overburden (cum)

ROM Normal stone(cum)

ROM normal stone(Ton)

Sub grade Materials

Mineral reject

Ore to overburden ratio

1st Nil 259700 727160 Road Stone

Nil Nil

2nd Nil 259700 727160 Road Stone

Nil Nil

3rd Nil 259700 727160 Road Stone

Nil Nil

4th Nil 259700 727160 Road Stone

Nil Nil

5th Nil 259700 727160 Road Stone

Nil Nil

Total

Nil 1298500 3635800 Nil Nil

8.5.2 Land Reclamation & Rehabilitation The mined out area & reclamation / rehabilitation as on date, at the end of plan period & at the end

of conceptual period is as below.



Table 8.2: Mined Area & Reclaimation

Area broken (ha)

Area backfilling rehabilitation (ha)

Quantities of waste to be used in backfilling (cum)

As on date Nil Nil Nil

End of plan period 4.68* Nil Nil

End of conceptual

period 4.68* Nil Nil

Pisciculture Economics was also worked out for use of land to provide water bodies v/s forming is as below.

The data collected is presented below:

Table 8.3: Pisiculture Feasibility Study

Agriculture Feasibility The yield of dhan per hectare or un-irrigated land per annum : 2500to 3000 kg. The average value as per present rate at Rs. 6.50/Kg. :Rs. 19500/-max. The yield of wheat per ha. Of irrigated land per annum :Rs. 500 kg. max. The average value as per present rate of Rs. 4.50kg. :6750/- max.

Considering that both the crop are obtained, annual earning per ha. :Rs. 26250/- max. Pisiculture Feasibility Finger lings (FRY) can be put in 1 ha: 5000 Water Body Yield : 500 to 600 kg Yield per Hectare per Year : 1000 Kg Expected Income per year : Rs 2.0 to 3.0 lakh per annum

In view of the above, it is proposed that the pit will be left as it is which subsequently will be filed by percolating ground water and rain water. The water can also be used for irrigation purposes.



Table 8.4: Post Mining Land use pattern of the ML area (ha)

S. No Head At present

(ha)

At the end of plan period (ha)

At the end of conceptual period of mine (ha.)

a) Total area excavated (broken) Nil 4.68 4.68

b) Area fully mined out - - -

c) Area fully rehabilitated by

Pisciculture Nil Nil -

d) Area rehabilitated by

afforestation Nil Nil Nil

Mining will be done from 209.1mRL to 149 mRL. After completion of mining the outer periphery of mining pit shall be fenced. During plan period & by the end of conceptual period no waste shall be generated. All quantities of stone to be exploited shall be used for making aggregates. Therefore it is not possible to rehabilitate the mined out benches. The mined out pit shall remain open & rain water will accumulate in the pits. A water body in the area will be boon to local people for improving their life style.



FIGURE 9.1: CONCEPTUAL PLAN



FIGURE 9.2: GEOLOGICAL SECTION



8.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY Some of the occupational hazards associated with mining are: Hearing impairment Skin diseases Eye diseases

Respirable diseases Safety of employees during operation of mines will be as per the mines rules and as per guideline of Director General of Mines Safety (DGMS). The most significant occupation health treats are Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) and Occupational Lung Disease (OLD) due to inhalation of dust. However the management will take enough care in minimizing the impacts due to these activities. The following measures relating to safety and health will be incorporated

Employee will be adequately trained and educated for involvement and commitment in to the implementation of health and safety guidelines.

Monitoring the effects of mining activities on safety and health and conducting regular performance reviews through periodical health checkups.

Provision of all necessary resources for safety and health of employees and contractors engaged in mining.

Setting of safety and health objectives based on comprehensive strategic plans and measure performance against these plans.

Implementing safety and health management system and assessing the effectiveness through periodic audits.

Organizing regular health checkup of the employee. Provisions of rest shelter for mine workers with facility of drinking water. Awareness on safety and ensure using of personal protective equipments (PPE) by workers.

Periodical medical examination of all workers. First Aid facility and training to workers. 8.6.1 Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) Baseline audiogram forms the basis for future assessment of employees in terms of hearing loss. Using engineering initiatives to reduce noise at source is the priority management tool. The hearing conservation program includes the provision of Hearing Protection Devises (HPDs) and annual audiometry examination of all employees. Apart from provision of HPDs emphasis shall also laid on training the employees responsibility to protect his/her hearing. 8.6.2 Occupation Lung Diseases (OLD) There will be regular health camps for all the workers. Lung function tests, chest X-rays etc shall be carried out and any health disorders will be evaluated. A part time Doctor will be hired for occupational health safety; he will take care in providing the necessary medical advice (Occupational Therapy Specialists) to the mine workers. 8.6.3 Care and Maintenance during Temporary Discontinuance All the provisions as per the Mines Act 1952 and MMDR Act shall be strictly adhered during temporary discontinuation.



8.7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Environmental Management Plan serves no purpose if it is not implemented with true spirit. Some loopholes in the EMP can also be detected afterwards when it is implemented and monitored. Thus, an implementation and monitoring program has to be prepared.

8.7.1 Organizational Setup In order to develop and implement the environmental monitoring and management plan, the mine will have an Environmental Cell, headed by the environmental officer reporting to head of the project. Their activities will be as follows: Regular environmental monitoring as stipulated by the regulatory authorities

Preparation and submission of environmental report to the regulatory authorities Compliance management with all environmental legislation Implementation of various environmental management programs and reporting the performance

to the top management.

Co-coordinating the environmental related activities within the project as well as with outside agencies.

Green belt development, etc. 8.7.2 Environmental Policy The lessee believes that responsible environmental stewardship comprises diligent application of well-established natural resource management, controls and practices for the protection, reclamation of the mined out land, preservation of biodiversity and proper disposal of waste following the best environmental practices during the process of mining of Mineral. Environmental policy prescribed for standard operating process to bring into focus any violation/deviation of the environment and forest norms/conditions that the company operations will implement operational and risk management practices that provide for maximum protection of people and the environment. To this end, the owner resolves that company will follow the below mentioned practices:

Operate in accordance with prescribed industry standards while complying with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations.

Establish and maintain a well-defined environmental, health and safety management system to guide its operations.

Ensure that all employees, officers and directors understand and adhere to its environmental, health and safety management program.

Provide operations with the necessary resources, expertise and training to effectively carry ou t its EHS management programs.

Engage employees at all levels in programs directed towards minimizing adverse effects on the environment resulting from mining activity.

Work proactively with governments and the public in the development of cost effective and realistic regulations that promote enhanced environmental, health and safety protection.

Promote environmental awareness among its employees, their families and the communities in which it operates.

Require those who provide services and products to practice good environmental stewardship.



Mitigate its environmental impacts through efficient use of resources, and the reduction of input materials and waste.

Maintain a high degree of emergency preparedness. 8.7.3 Institutional Arrangements for Environment Protection and Conservation The mine will be supervised and controlled by Mines Manager supported by adequate team of technically and statutorily qualified personnel apart from the operating staff of skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and other categories. The organizational structure for Environment Cell for mining operations is shown in figure given below. This Environment Cell is responsible for the management and implementation of the environmental control measures. Basically, this department will supervise the reclamation planning & management, air & water pollution control management, liaisoning with State & Central Statutory

agency & Committee.

In case the monitored results of environmental pollution are found to exceed the allowable limits, the Environment Management Cell will suggest remedial action and get these suggestions implemented

through the concerned authorities.

The Environment Management Cell will also co-ordinate all the related activities such as collection of statistics of health of workers and population of the region, afforestation and greenbelt development. The Environment Management Cell will review Corporate Environmental performance along with the reporting of non-compliances.

Figure 8.1-: Organization Structure for Environment Management

8.8 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION The monitoring of the environment parameters will be out sourced and carried out by the lab approved by MoEF/NABL. The project authorities propose to undertake the following environmental works to achieve the environmental quality as desired. The budget for environmental protection has been formulated and given in Table 8.3.



Table 8.4: Budget for Environmental Protection

Particulars Capital Cost Recurring Cost/ year in Rs. Environmental Protection Dust Suppression & Pollution Control 1,00,000

50,000

Tarpaulin and cover for stack of ore 1,00,000 50,000 Environmental Monitoring 3,50,000 1,00,000

Garland Drain, settling tank etc 1,50,000 50,000 Green Belt - 1,50,000

Total 7,00,000 4,00,000

8.9 CONCLUSION

Various aspects of mining activities were considered and related impacts were evaluated. Considering all the possible ways to mitigate the environmental concerns Environmental Management Plan was prepared and fund has been allocated for the same. The EMP is dynamic, flexible and subjected to periodic review. For project where the major environmental impacts are associated, EMP will be under regular review.

Senior Management responsible for the project will conduct a review o f EMP and its implementation to ensure that the EMP remains effective and appropriate. Thus, the proper steps will be taken to accomplish all the goals mentioned in the EMP and the project will bring the positive impact in the

study area.



CHAPTER – 9 SUMMARY & CONCLUSION

9.0 INTRODUCTION

With increase in industrialization coupled with population growth, the demand for different minerals has increased and is likely to grow further in years to come. This has resulted in irreversible impacts on diminishing reserve, with simultaneous generation of solid wastes and effluents causing environmental degradation. In order to mitigate the impact of stone mining on the environment, a scientific assessment is a pre-requisite for framing sustainable development strategies. It is therefore important to tackle the problem for control of pollution and mining of minerals in a cost- effective method causing least damage to the ecosystem.

The proposed project is categorized under 1 (a) (<50 hectare of mining lease area) of Gazette Notification dated Sep 14th, 2006 and subsequent amendment made on 01.12.2009 & April 2011. As per the Gazette Notification, 2006. The proposed project is under “B” category no National Park, Biosphere reserve, Migratory routes of fauna and National Monument within 5 Km radius from the project site under 1(a) activity of EIA Notification.

9.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

This is a project for open cast OTFM method of mining of mineral like Building Stone and the estimated project cost is 1.5 crores. The mining lease is granted for 5 years period w.e.f. 10/2/2015 to 09/2/2020 .01.2007 M/s Mahadev Enclave Pvt Ltd by the Director General of Mines & Geology Department, Bihar vide letter no. 113/ Khanan dated 10/02/2015. TOR was granted by State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) Bihar, vide letter no. 262 dated 30th /December/2015. The mineral will be used as building material

for construction purposes.

Identification of Project Proponent

Name of Project proponent

M/S Mahadev Enclave Pvt. Ltd.

Address of Project proponent

Shri Kartik Rathi(Director) S/o- Shri Ajay Rathi R/o- B-37,Ayodhya Marg, Hanuman Nagar Jaipur, Rajasthan.

Brief Description of Project

Project Name Rajauli (Block 2) Building Stone Mining Project Location of the Project

Village: Rajauli, Tehsil-Nawada & District-Nawada, State-Bihar

Mine Lease Area 5.00 Ha (12.36 Acres)

Khasra/Plot Details

Name of

Block/No.

Name of the

Village

Details of Khasra No./Killa

No.

Area (in

hectares)

Block no.-2, Rajauli Khasra no.-5513, 5.00

Annexures/LOI.pdf



Latitude & Longitude

Name of Village Latitude Longitude Rajauli 24° 39'15.27"N

24° 39'11.50"N 24° 39'10.70"N 24° 39'14.44"N

85°31'22.29"E 85°31'22.50"E 85°31'07.20"E 85°31'05.45"E

Toposheet Number

72 H/10

Type of Land The land is owned by State Govt Project Cost 1.5 Crore Man Power & No. of Working days

55 (17 skilled, 3 semi-skilled & 35 unskilled) Manpower for 300 Days/Year.

Water Demand & Source


Lowest & Highest Elevation

209.1 mRL and 173.1 mRL

Geological Reserves

Categorized Geological Reserve Proved Reserve (111) 58,18,520 Tonnes Feasibility Resource (211) 82,91,094 Tonnes Pre-Feasibility Resources (222) 40,36,950Tonnes

Mineable Reserves

36,37,144 Tonnes

Targeted Production

7,27,160 TPA

Production Capacity

Year Total Production (TPA) I 727160 II 727160 III 727160 IV 727160 V 727160

Validity of Lease The lease has been granted for period for 5 years vide letter no 113/Khanan Dated 10.02.2015

Type of Mining Opencast OTFM (Other than Fully mechanized method) Seismic Zone Seismic Zone IV End use of Product

As a Raw Material for Construction purpose.

Nearest Town Nawada 29 km North Nearest R.S/Airport

Gujhandi Railway Station at 16.5 Km SW Gaya Airport at 50.65 Km in NW.

Nearest Highway National Highway 31 at 2.50 Km in West Direction. Nearest Water Bodies

Khuri River : 1.65 Kms East Dhanarjay River – 2.2 Km SW

Historical Monuments (in 10 Km Buffer)

None within the study Area

Status of Sobhwa Maran PF About 5.5 Km in NE Direction



Protected/ Other Areas (in 10 Km Buffer)

Jhirkhi PF Dhamni RF Chatkar PF Dibaur RF Dumarkol PF Pelmo PF Burhiya sankh PF Budua PF

About 7.6 Km in NE Direction About 4.0 Kms in East Direction About 7.5 Km in East Direction About 5.0 Kms in SE Direction About 2 Km in South Direction About 9 Km East Direction About 7 Km ESE Direction About 8.5 Km NE Direction

Nearest Dispensary &Govt. Hospital

Rajauli. Hospital - 2.5 Km SW

Nearest Educational facility

Upgrade High school 1.7 Km SW

9.2 MINING METHODOLOGY

One pit will be dug in the lease area .Drilling is being carried out with 25mm dia jack hammer drill rids & blasting material is explosive. The blasted material broken by manually up to sized 2ft & loaded into tippers manually dispatch to crusher plant within the lease mine site. Mining is being carried thought the formation of one bench. The height of bench was kept 2m width of benches was kept 3.0m with face slope 60o. Approach road having width 5 m & gradient 1:16 already has been provided to mining faces for the transportation of mineral.

Mode of working

For the optimum utilization of the mineral available in the lease area, mine working has been planned and scientific layout has been designed considering the following parameters

A clear gap of 7.5 m is provided along with the lease boundary as required under MMR 1961.

The approach road will be repaired as when required. The quarry planning, slope, height, width and length of the benches are planned on the basis

of deposit. Since the deposit is very simple, shallow and beds are horizontal, the simple machine mining is most suitable.

Simultaneous plantation will also be done along the lease boundary & the buffer zone.

Year Total Production (TPA) I 727160 II 727160 III 727160

IV 727160 V 727160

Five Years Proposed Production Details (Source: Mine Plan)

9.3 BASE LINE DATA & IMPACT DUE TO PROPOSED PROJECT

This section contains the description of baseline studies of the 10 km radius of the area surrounding prop[osed mine. The data collected has been used to understand the existing environment scenario



around the proposed mining project against which the potential impacts of the project can be assessed. Environmental data has been collected in relation to propose mining for:- (a) Land (b) Water (c) Air (d) Noise (e) Biological (f) Socio-economic (a) Land Use: The land-use is divided into agriculture land, settlement, river and forest area as shown in the map. The area is fertile and dominated by the proportion of agriculture land.

Class Names Area (Ha.) Open/waste Land 105.26 Scrub Land 152.67

Settlement 305.95 River 684.95 Reservoir 97.55 Forest 10413.14 Agriculture 20396.76 Total 32156.28

(b) Environment Monitoring :

PARAMETER NO. OF LOCATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDY

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

7 Locations Min Max

PM10 53.1g/m3 68.2g/m3 PM2.5 24.2g/m3 36.8g/m3 SO2 5.7g/m3 12.6g/m3

NO2 8.6g/m3 16.7g/m3 Results were found within permissible limits

Noise level monitoring

7 Locations Min Max Day Time 48.23 dB(A) 62.99 dB(A) Night Time 32.95 dB(A) 53.04 dB(A) Results were found within permissible limits

Water samples Ground Water :7

All parameters like pH (7.31 – 7.99), TDS (806.49– 1689.18 mg/l),Total Hardness is (196.66- 371.09 mg/l) etc. are found within permissible limits & fit for consumption.

Soil Samples 7 locations Min Max

pH

7.36 7.81 electrical conductivity

396 m S/cm 448 m S/cm

Nitrogen 0.063 %. 0.081 %.



(c) Biological Environment The lease area as well as buffer zone area reveals no endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna in the area.

(d) Socio- economic Study

Population Composition

According to 2011 Population Census the study area has a total population of 2,17,799. Of this 51.52 percent are male and the remaining 48.48 percent are female. Further of the total population belongs to 0-6 age group. About 51 percent of them are male and the remaining 49 percent are female.

Sex Ratio

The overall sex ratio in the study area has been worked out to 961 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio of Children belonging to 0-6 age group has been worked out to 959 females per 1000 males.

Density of Population

The overall density of population in the study area has been worked out to 747.68persons per sq. kilometre. This is less than the density of population for the state of Bihar, which stands at 1102 persons per sq. Kilometre, according to census 2011.

Households

There are 31676 households in the study area and the average household size is four.

Social Structure

In the study area the total number of persons belonging to Scheduled Caste community is 66027, which is 30.2 percent of the total population. The gender wise distribution of schedule caste population indicates male 51.28 percent and female 48.72 percent, registering a sex ratio of 962.5 females per one thousand males. Further analysis of data reveals that in the study area, the total number of persons belonging to Scheduled Tribe community is 106, which is 0.04 percent of the total population. This is nearly same as the total number of persons belonging to Scheduled caste community residing in the study area. About 69.5 percent of the total population belongs to General category, which includes people belonging to ‘Other Backward Castes’.

Literates and Literacy Rate

All persons aged seven years and above, who can both read and write with understanding in any language including Braille are considered as literate. The total numbers of literate persons in the study area are 106033, which is 48.6 percent of the total population. Of the total number of literate persons 61.02 percent are male and the remaining 38.98 percent are female. The overall literacy rate in the study area has been worked out to 58.98 percent. The gender wise distribution of literacy rate reveals that 69.7 percent of the literate persons are male and 47.54 percent are females. This creates a gender gap of 22.16 percent.



9.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

Impact on Ambient Air Quality

Impact on Ambient Air Quality

S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures 1 Generation of air borne

particulate matter generated by ore and handling operations

The emissions of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) contributed by vehicles plying on haul roads.

Increased incremental value of PM10 will be 3.33

μg/m3in the core zone and the ultimate value will be

71.73 μg/m3.

Wet Drilling will be done.

Water sprinkling will be done on the haul roads twice in aday.

The dust generated during the process will be minimized by water spray at the working faces before and after theactivity.

Plantation will be carried out on approachroads and in Lease boundary.

Planning transportation routes of mined material so as to reach the nearest paved roads by shortest route. (minimize transportation over unpavedroad);

Personal Protection Equipments (PPE) like dust masks, ear plugs etc. will be provided to mine workers.

Rock breaker will be used for breaking over size boulders in order to reduce dust and noise generation, which otherwise would be generated due to secondary blasting.

Speed limit will be enforced to reduce airborne fugitive dust from vehicular traffic.

Haul road shall be covered with gravels Spillage from the trucks will be prevented by

covering tarpaulin over the trucks.

NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise generated at the mine is due to mechanized mining operations and truck transportation activities. The noise generated by the mining activity dissipates within the mine. There is no major impact of the mining activity on the nearby villages. However, pronounced effect of above noise levels is felt only near the active working area.

The impact of noise on the villages is negligible as the villages are far located from the mine workings. Since there is no involvement of major machinery, the impact of no ise levels will be minimal. S.No Impact

Prediction Mitigation Measures

1 Noise Impact due to mining activities.

a) The noise levels from all the sources are periodical and restricted to particular operation.

b) Making Provision of acoustic barriers or shelters in noisy workplaces

2 Noise impact due to vehicular

a) Proper maintenance, oiling and greasing of machines at regular intervals will be done to reduce the generation of



movement.

noise. b) Plantation along the sides of approach roads, around office

building and mine area will be done to minimize the propagation of noise.

c) Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided to all operators and employees working near mining machineries or at higher noise zone.

d) Periodical noise level monitoring will be done e) Providing Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE) such as

earplugs, earmuffs to the workers working in noise level area. 3 Ground

Vibrations a) Blasting will be done by competent persons in the

supervision of Mine’s Manager. b) Minimum holes will be blasted at a time. c) Stemming length will be kept more than one third of the hole,

which helps in reduction of ground vibrations. d) Before drilling and blasting, the face will cleared with rock

which may be source of fly rock. e) The blast holes will be drilled slightly inclined towards the

free face. This reduces noise, vibration and fly rocks.

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

S.No Impact Predicted Suggestive measure

1 Disturbance of free movement/living

of wild fauna

Care will be taken that noise produced during vehicles movement for carrying OB and ore materials are within the permissible noise level.

Care will be taken that no hunting of animals (birds) carried out by labors

If wild animals are noticed crossing the core zone, it will not be disturbed at all Labors will not be allowed to discards food, plastic etc., which can attract animals near the core site.

Only low polluting vehicle will be allowed for carrying ore materials. All vehicles allowed in the project site area will have to provide pollution under control certificate at the end of three months

Noise level will be within permissible limit (silent zone-50dB during day time) as per noise pollution (regulation and control), rules, 2000, CPCB norms

2 Harvesting of flora No tree cutting, chopping, lumbering, uprooting of shrubs and herbs should be allowed

Collections of economically important plants will be fully restricted

LAND ENVIRONMENT



S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures 1 Change in the

Topography of the Land / Land Degradation

The proposed mining activity after removal of ore body will lead to formation of void with benches formation. All the broken area will be reclaimed by systematic backfilling and rehabilitated by afforestation so that landscape of the area is improved or converted into water reservoir.

2 Solid waste generation The OB/mine waste will be in form of soil and shale etc. No dumping has been proposed. The OB/waste will backfilled in the mined out areas on which plantation will be raised.

3 Change in Drainage Pattern

Water flow / course will not be obstructed and natural drains or nallahs will not be disturbed. Run-off from mine and mineral stack will be prevented to avoid being discharged to surroundings, particularly to agricultural land.Garland drains and, catchpits has been constructed to prevent run off affecting the surrounding agricultural land. Green belt has been developed in boundary.

4 Impact on the Agricultural Practice at nearby area due to dust generation

Agriculture activities are practiced nearby areas may impacted because of dust generation but mitigative measures such as regular water sprinkling on active areas for example haul roads, excavation sites will be strictly followed so that impact is minimized.

WATER ENVIRONMENT

S.No Impact Prediction Mitigation Measures

1 Effect on the Ground Water Table

Max Elevation of the ML area is 209.1 m AMSL. Ultimate depth of mine is up to 149 m AMSL Ground Water table is 136.8 m to 146.8 m AMSL. Mining will be done much above the ground water table.

2 Wash off from the dumps

No dumping has been proposed.

3 Soil Erosion Reclamation of the mined out area will be done with plantation to avoid the soil erosion

4 Waste Water generation/ Discharge

Portable Bio-toilets will be used; hence no sewage / liquid effluent will be generated and contamination is also not expected due to percolation.

5 Siltation in nearby agriculture field

Garland drains is constructed on the sloping side barrier of the ML area. The garland drain is routed through settling tank to remove suspended solids from flowing into storm water.

9.5 ADDITIONAL STUDIES



DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN In order to avoid any danger in the mine site at the end of life of mine a disaster management cell headed by local authority District Collector will be constituted. Police department health authorities, including doctor, ambulances and so on will have a vital part to play following a disaster along with the mine management, and they will be an integral part of the disaster management plan.

The disaster management plan is aimed to ensure safety of human life and property and protection of environment Following are the objective of the disaster management plan.

First Aid to injured. o Rescue operation and provision of adequate medical facilities to the injured. o Safety of the human life in the buffer zone if needed. o Protecting and minimizing damage to property and the environment.

Initially restrict and ultimately bring the incident under control. o Identify any dead. o Inform to the administration, DGMS and statutory persons as per Rules.

PROJECT BENEFITS AND COSTS EVALUATION Separate fund of 7 lakhs was allocated for EMP. 1.50 lakh was allocated for plantation work in the mine lease (wherever possible) along the road and other places as advised by Gram Panchyat.

Separate fund of 7 lakh was allocated under CSR activities with annual recurring cost of Rs 4,00,000.

Budget Allocation for EMP

Particulars Capital Cost Recurring Cost/ year in Rs.

Environmental Protection Dust Suppression & Pollution Control 1,00,000

50,000

Tarpaulin and cover for stack of ore 1,00,000 50,000 Environmental Monitoring 3,50,000 1,00,000 Garland Drain,settling tank etc 1,50,000 50,000 Green Belt - 1,50,000

Total 7,00,000 4,00,000

Budgetory Allocation for activities proposed under CSR

S. No Activities Allocation of fund (Rs. 6 Lakhs)

Year1 Year 2

Year 3

Year4

Year 5 Total

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)



1 Development Programs For The Local People (Health Camps, Vocational Training to Local People)

0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 0.69 3.45

2 Financial Assistance for Construction of separate toilets for boys and girls in schools

0.30 0.70 - 0.30 - 1.30

3 Supply of solar lamps to BPL households

0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 1.25

Total 1.24 1.64 0.94 1.24 0.94 6.00

9.6 REHABILITATION & RESETTLEMENT PLAN

Since, it is an existing quarry and there is no habitation in the lease area, therefore Rehabilitation & resettlement plan is not required / applicable.

9.10 IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

The monitoring of the environment parameters will be out sourced and carried by the lab of SPCB or a laboratory approved by MoEF/NABL. A budget of Rs 1.0 lac per annum has been allocated for the purpose.

9.11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED Envirta Sustainable Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. is an environment consulting and research organization is accredited by NABET in sectors 1, 38and 39. With “A” Category in Sector 1 and B category in sectors 38 and 39.

9.12 CONCLUSION

As discussed, it is safe to say that the proposed facilities are not likely to cause any significant impact to the ecology of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to keep the various pollutants within the permissible limits. Green belt development around the area will also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigation technique, as well as to serve as biological indicators for the pollutants released from the premises of proposed mine.



CHAPTER – 10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

10.0 ABOUT US

ENVIRTA Sustainable Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. is an environment consulting and research

organization, its underlying philosophy is to provide professional services to promote sustainable

economic growth with environmental up gradation leading to irreversible human development. With

each project, our clients add sustainable values that result in environmental, social and economical

upliftment.

The company has been established by professionals having experience and expertise in the fields of

Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental-Biosafety, Climate change & CDM Consultancy,

Sustainability reporting, Environmental sanitation, Waste management, Biodiversity, alternate

energy source, , eco-tourism, policy research, international trade and development, socio economic

analysis, river pollution abatement and techno-economics, etc.

10.1 Our Mission, Vision and Values

10.1.1 Our Mission

To grow sustainable values for our stakeholders & communities by integrating expertise and

innovative approaches to solve complex, emerging problems for the environment & infrastructure

worldwide.

10.1.2 Our Vision & Values

Our vision and core values help to define the culture of our business, motivating our staff to give

their best and instilling in our clients confidence that we will deliver solutions of the highest quality"

Our vision is to be the trusted advisor of choice for our clients and the best employer in ou r industry.

We will achieve this by continuing to grow in our existing core service areas and responding

proactively to emerging issues that we recognize will have an impact on our clients. Our business will

provide excellent career development for our staff. We will remain commercially focused and

technically excellent in our local regions. And as a globally integrated business, we will draw on some

of the world's leading consultants in our international business to provide unparalleled solutions and

programs for our clients.

We will fulfill our vision by basing all our activities on our core values:

To build Trust with our clients and with the staff who deliver our services. To Support each other and share knowledge to constantly increase our ability to provide the

customer with the optimum solution.



To encourage Pride in our company, our work and our clients and demonstrate our passion for constant improvement.

To ensure that Sustainability is built into everything we do and through our long-term commitment reduce the impact of our business on the environment.

To remain at the forefront of technical Innovation to deliver solutions which give our clients a commercial advantage

Our Services

Environmental Impact Assessment Post Environmental Compliances & Sustainable Reporting

Consent to Establish & Consent to Operate Green Building & Alternate Energy Sources

Environ legal services Baseline Data Collection Socio-Economic Research & Studies for CSR

Environmental Sanitation and Waste Management

