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Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
115/04/23
Sustainable Swimming PoolSustainable Swimming Pool
Popular Sustainable Energy Sources
1. Solar
• Thermal or PV
2. Wind Turbine
3. Heat Pumps
• Geothermal or Air to Water
4. Biomass
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
215/04/23
Solar PowerSolar Power
Thermal or Photovoltaic• Requires only sunshine
(Thermal requires some electrical power for pump)
• Effective in both Winter & Summer
• Sunshine unpredictable and infrequent
• Only operates during daylight hours
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
315/04/23
Wind TurbinesWind Turbines
Mast Mounted Rotary Blade
• Requires only wind power
• Effective in both Winter & Summer
• Wind power predictable and frequent
• Can operate 24 hours a day
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
415/04/23
Heat PumpsHeat Pumps
Geothermal or Air to Water
• Requires an electrical supply
(fossil fuel powered)
• More effective in Summer than Winter
• COP ratings not sufficient to justify operating cost
• Cost of electricity currently linked to cost of fossil fuels
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
515/04/23
BiomassBiomass
Wood Chip or Wood Pellet
• Requires a renewable source of fuel
(CO emissions still present)
• Harvesting, preparing and supplying fuel requires fossil fuel powered equipment - Cost of fuel linked to fossil fuel costs
• Large fuel storage area required
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
615/04/23
Sustainable Swimming PoolSustainable Swimming Pool
Aim
Reduce reliance on fossil fuels
Provide reliable source of energy
Solution
Combined benefits of sustainable systems
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
715/04/23
Sustainable Swimming PoolSustainable Swimming Pool
+ =
SOLAR WIND ENERGY
Combination of Solar and Wind Energy
Efficient Solar Thermal Water Heating
+
Consistency of Wind Energy
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
815/04/23
Energy StorageEnergy Storage
Turbine Electric Heating Layer
Solar Water Heating Layer
Insulating Layer
Air Ducts
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
915/04/23
Basic Operation - SolarBasic Operation - Solar
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1015/04/23
Basic Operation – Wind TurbineBasic Operation – Wind Turbine
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1115/04/23
Basic Operation -Air HandlingBasic Operation -Air Handling
Fresh Air Intake Return Air Intake Supply Air Exhaust Air
Mechanical Ventilation SystemDampers to control Air Changes, Air Temperature and Humidity via BMS Controls
Heater Battery
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1215/04/23
Operating StrategyOperating Strategy
Wind Turbines heat thermal store to 55oC Max
Solar Panels heat thermal store to 55oC Max
Air Circulation through ducts reduce top of thermal store temperature to 35oC
35oC
55oC55oC
30oC
Remaining heat to maintain water temp at approx 30oC
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1315/04/23
CalculationsCalculations
Monthly kWh required to maintain pool temp based on heatloss of 1oC per day
60000
62000
64000
66000
68000
70000
72000
74000
Energy
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1415/04/23
Calculations for Thermal StoreCalculations for Thermal Store
Insulated Concrete Slab 1.2 m thick underneath pool
Heat applied to centre of slab (0.5m below pool)
•Thermal Conductivity of Concrete = 2.2 W/mK
•Thermal Resistance of Concrete = 0.5/2.2 = 0.23m2K/W
•U Value of Concrete = 1/0.23 = 4.45W/m2
•Total heat transfer from the pool base is Ф = U x A x ΔT
•Ф = 4.45 x 20 x 50 x 1 = 4.45kW
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1515/04/23
Calculations for Thermal StoreCalculations for Thermal Store
Total heat Input = 97.22kW to thermal store
Heat is applied to the total area of the pool base at a rate of 4.45kW per oC of differential temperature
The temperature reduces across the concrete by a total of (97.22/4.45) = 22oC.
To maintain the pool temperature, the centre of the concrete slab will need to be (30 + 22) = 55oC
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1615/04/23
Calculations for Thermal StoreCalculations for Thermal Store
97.22 kW
Thermal Store
POOL
55oC
30oC
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1715/04/23
Wind PowerWind Power
Average Annual Wind Speed Data
Max 6.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
ms-1Min 4.12
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1815/04/23
Wind PowerWind Power
Wind Turbine Performance DataP
ower
Out
put k
W
Wind Speed ms-1
U50 Operating Band
50 to 150 kW
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
1915/04/23
Wind PowerWind Power
Projected Wind Turbine Output DataP
ower
Out
put k
W
020406080
100120140160180
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSe
pNov
U50U54U57
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2015/04/23
Wind PowerWind Power
Wind Turbine Output vs Input RequiredkW
h
0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000
100000
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSe
pNov
Heat ReqdU50
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2115/04/23
Solar PowerSolar Power
Average Solar Radiation (J/cm2)J/
cm2
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSe
pNov
Solar Rad
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2215/04/23
Solar PowerSolar Power
Solar Panel Output vs Input Required
400 Solar Panels at 30o Elevation
kWh
0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSe
pNov
400 x Solar
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2315/04/23
Solar + Wind PowerSolar + Wind Power
Solar + Wind Output vs Input RequiredkW
h
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Jan
Mar
May Ju
lSe
pNov
Heat ReqdTotal In
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2415/04/23
Cost of Energy HarvestingCost of Energy Harvesting
Unit Required
Max kW Required
Units Required
Cost / kW Total
U-50 700 1 €1000 €700,000
Total Cost = €860,000
Panel Area Area Required
Panels Required
Unit Cost Total
2.0m2 800m2 400 €400 €160,000
WIND
SOLAR
Additional required for installation and controls?
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2515/04/23
Cost of FuelCost of FuelExtract from SEAI Fuel Cost Comparison
Cheapest Gas Tariff = 2.49 cent per kWh
Cheapest Fuel – CoalDelivered Cost = 0.71 cent per kWh
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2615/04/23
Equivalent Cost of GasEquivalent Cost of GasBased on the same energy requirementat a Combustion Efficiency of 95%
Total Annual cost of Gas @ 2.49 cent/kWh = €22,322.00
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
Gas
€
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2715/04/23
Gas vs RenewablesGas vs Renewables
Approx Cost of Renewables
Annual Cost of Gas @ 2.49c/kWh
Equivalent Years of Gas
€860k €22,322 38
Assuming the cost of Gas Boiler = Installation cost of Renewables
Life Expectancy of Wind Turbine = 20 years
Life Expectancy of Solar Panels - indefinite
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2815/04/23
Scale of ProjectScale of Project3D Scale Model of individual components
Pool
Pool Building+ Solar Panels
U-50 Wind Turbine
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
2915/04/23
ConclusionsConclusions
Advantages of Renewables
– “Free Energy”
– Reduced Carbon Footprint
– Low Maintenance
– Relatively Predictable
– Cost Assured following installation
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
3015/04/23
ConclusionsConclusions
Disadvantages of Renewables
– Capital Cost of Installation
– Planning Restrictions
– Turbine Noise
– Back-up required
– Payback period equals service life
Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; Mark Stewart
3115/04/23
References & AcknowledgementsReferences & Acknowledgements
SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland)
MET Eireann
Cement Roadstone Holdings
Unison Wind Turbines
www.irishpvandwind.ie
www.lightbucket.com
www.brighthub.com
www.weibull.com