Project Document Template
Project Title:Preventing and Responding to Violent Extremism in
Tanzania
Project Number:
Implementing Partner:UNDP
Start Date: 28.03.2017End Date: 27.03.2020PAC Meeting date:
03.03.2017
Brief Description
Tanzania is a country considered “at risk” of increased levels
of violent extremism, due to the porous nature of borders in the
region, and prevalence of common drivers and enablers of extremism.
This project is intended to support a preventive and developmental
national effort for preventing and responding to violent extremism.
The indicative outputs of the project are:
1. National policy framework and intervention capacities
strengthened to address the phenomenon of violent extremism;
2. Improved interaction between security providers and local
population in target areas;
3. Increased livelihood opportunities for “at risk” youth in
target areas;
4. Responsible, quality and conflict sensitive news reporting
supported, and public awareness and dialogue around violent
extremism promoted;
5. Community resilience to violent extremism strengthened;
6. Understanding of violent extremism in Tanzania improved,
better managed, and applied to prevention and response efforts;
and
7. Gender and women’s active participation across all efforts to
prevent and respond to extreme violence promoted in Tanzania.
UNDP will implement the project in collaboration with other UN
agencies, state and non-state actors. The project is divided into
two phases: a first phase focused on research, support to the
inclusive preparation of a National Strategy and Action Plan, and
the implementation of pilot projects in Zanzibar, Mwanza, Tanga,
Pwani, Lindi and Mtwara. The second phase is dedicated to support
implementation of the National Strategy and Action Plan once
approved and adopted by relevant authorities.
Contributing Outcome (UNDAP/CPD): National governance is more
effective, transparent, accountable and inclusive.
Regional Programme Document (RPD) Outcome 3: Countries and
regions are able to reduce the likelihood of conflict arising from
violent extremism.
Strategic Plan (SP) SP Outcome 2: Citizen expectations for
voice, development, the rule of law and accountability are met by
stronger systems of democratic governance; Outcome 5: Countries are
able to reduce the likelihood of conflict & lower the risk of
natural disasters, including from climate change.
Total resources required:
USD 9,889,974
Total resources allocated:
UNDP TRAC:
600,000
UNDP RSC:
450,000
Japan:
740,000
UNV:
tbc
Government:
In-Kind:
Unfunded:
USD 8,099,974
Agreed by (signatures):
Government
UNDP
Maj. Gen. Projest Rwegasira
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs
Ms. Awa Dabo
Country Director
UNDP
Date:
Date:
1. Development Challenge
Violent Extremism (VE) manifests when a group of persons express
their ideology through violence or advocate for violence in order
to obtain their objective. Violent extremism has a direct impact on
peace and security, sustainable development, the enjoyment of human
rights and operation of the rule of law.
The growth of violent extremism - and the devastating impact of
groups espousing violent ideologies – is not only setting in motion
a dramatic reversal of development gains already made, but
threatening to stunt prospects of development for decades to come.
Attacks as a result of violent extremism have reached unprecedented
levels, and the impact is devastating: from 2011 to 2015, over
21,245 fatalities are estimated to have been caused by religiously
inspired extremism in Africa.
The Horn of Africa has been badly affected, primarily due to
ongoing conflict in Somalia and the rise of Al Shabaab as an
extremist organisation with regional reach and influence. In Kenya,
there have been over 200 attacks/incidents involving explosives or
automatic weapons linked to Al Shabaab between 2011 and 2015 alone;
terrorists have attacked target night-clubs, markets, bus stops and
places of worship, killing innocent people and instilling a sense
of fear and insecurity, and exacerbating inter-religious tensions.
As a consequence Kenya experienced an estimated 25 percent drop in
tourism,[footnoteRef:1] a sector that provides a vital source of
jobs and income for the country. Al Shabaab has successfully built
a clandestine support network spreading from the northeast of the
country to the capital Nairobi and the Indian Ocean
coast[footnoteRef:2] - and beyond - enabling them to easily recruit
vulnerable populations. [1: Kenya Tourist Board June 2015,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/africaandindianocean/kenya/11669880/Kenya-visitor-numbers-fall-25-per-cent-as-terrorismhits-tourism.html]
[2: International Crisis Group, ‘Kenya Somali Islamist
Radicalisation, Policy Briefing, International Crisis Group, Africa
Briefing No. 85, Nairobi/Brussels, 25 January 2012, page 1]
The challenge posed by violent extremists in Tanzania is not
new. Most well-known are the al Qaeda attacks on the U.S. Embassies
in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, on August 7 1998.
While these attacks were primarily led by foreign al Qaeda
personnel, one Tanzanian national from Zanzibar was involved, and
the attackers received support from Islamist charity groups
operating in Tanzania. Another Zanzibari was involved in the
October 2000 bombing of the American warship, the USS Cole.
Tanzania has experienced an increasing number of violent
extremist incidents since 1998. In 2016, the Global Terrorism
Index, which quantifies the direct and indirect impact of terrorism
in a country, ranked Tanzania as the 49th most impacted country by
terrorism, compared to a ranking of 119th in 2012. According to the
Global Terrorism Database, between 2000 and 2014, there were 29
terrorist attacks, of which 18 attacks took place between 2013 and
2014. The main known terrorist organisations operating in Tanzania
includes domestic groups as well as associates of al-Qaeda and
al-Shabaab from neighbouring Kenya and Somalia. Moreover, there are
reports that foreign fighters from Somalia are returning to
Tanzania and seeking to cooperate with domestic militant
groups.[footnoteRef:3] [3:
https:/www.ciaonet.org/attachments/26732/uploads]
The Government of Tanzania is alert to rising risk, and has
established the National Counter Terrorism Centre (NCTC) in
response. Through the NCTC, the Government is involved in regional
initiatives with the Southern African Development Community (SADC),
East African Community (EAC) and Inter-Governmental Authority on
Development (IGAD) to prevent violent extremism in the country, and
is moving from a security-oriented approach to a more holistic,
preventive response, in line with the conclusions and
recommendations of the UN Secretary General’s Plan of Action to
Prevent Violent Extremism, presented to the UN General Assembly in
January 2016.[footnoteRef:4] The Plan of Action recognises the role
to be played by member states of the UN at national and regional
levels by strengthening good governance; enhancing the promotion
and protection of human rights and the rule of law, engaging
communities to deprive Violent Extremism of groups of sympathizers;
empowering youth; enhancing gender equality and women’s
empowerment; providing education skills; employment facilitation;
and strategic communication revolving around the internet and
social media. [4: Report of the UN Secretary General, Plan of
Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, UN General Assembly, A/70/674,
24 December 2016]
Following an extensive, two-year consultative process, involving
over 200 different participants from a range of backgrounds in
preparatory meetings held in Istanbul, Nairobi and Addis Ababa,
UNDP has developed a multi-dimensional development response to
violent extremism in Africa, that seeks to focus on the underlying
drivers and enablers of the phenomenon, and to address them in
three categories of country: “epi-centre” countries such as
Somalia; ‘spill-over’ countries such as Kenya; ‘at-risk’ countries
such as Tanzania.
The drivers and enablers of violent extremism in Tanzania, as
elsewhere, are multiple, complex, and insufficiently understood.
UNDP is undertaking research in the area at regional level,
including through interviews to better understand the personal
journeys of imprisoned extremists. Early conclusions indicate that
the main drivers and enablers of violent extremism can usefully be
classified as operating on a number of different levels:
individual, group, community, national, regional and
international.
While it is possible to identify common processes, drivers and
enablers that can influence individual thinking and behaviour, the
interaction between them, and their interaction with the particular
psychological make-up of the individual, is much harder to
determine or predict. For some, extremist narratives and imagery,
delivered via personal contact, propaganda material, and misuse of
the media, can reinforce other drivers at other levels,
facilitating processes of radicalisation and recruitment.
At the group level, family breakdown, peer group pressure, and a
lack of cultural access and affiliation have all been recognised as
factors which can increase the vulnerability of individuals to
radicalisation. At the community level, the management and voice of
religious institutions is often critical, as is the degree to which
the community, and in particular the youth, feel politically
enfranchised or alienated, or suffer from socio-economic exclusion
and deprivation.
Both locally and nationally, the way in which responsibilities
of the State are, or are not, exercised is understood as a
significant driver of violent extremism. Popular perceptions of
poor governance, of unaccountable and sometimes corrupt public
administration, can all potentially be exploited by violent
extremist narratives that purport to offer alternative solutions.
Access to justice could be strengthened in Tanzania, as it could
potentially be a significant grievance: policing, particularly
community policing could also be strengthened, and on Zanzibar the
use and behaviour of Special Forces has often been raised as an
issue of concern.
At the regional level, the key issue remains the unresolved
conflict in Somalia and the transboundary activity of Al-Shabaab,
facilitated by largely porous borders between countries and
relatively weak State authority in many border areas, which has
provided space for non-State actors to exert influence and a
certain control.
Global geopolitical issues also feature in the narratives of
violent extremists, usually in terms of the need to defend Islam
and the Muslim community against domination and humiliation by the
west. A pattern of bias is perceived, built upon decades of popular
frustration in regard to the Israel-Palestine situation, western
foreign policy and interventionism following terrorist attacks in
the US in September 2001, and accusations of western complicity in
the failure of the so-called Arab Spring to deliver meaningful
political or economic change for ordinary people. Half-truths and
conspiracy theories are welded into violent extremist narratives
that seek to establish and exploit an “us” versus “them” mentality
that often underpins and feeds the radicalisation process.
All of these factors are familiar in the context of Tanzania,
although it remains difficult to ascribe relative weight to each,
or to assess how they interact in different communities or to
motivate particular individuals. In collaboration with the
Government, UNDP organised a two-day High Level Round Table Meeting
on “Framing the Development Solutions to Violent Extremism in
Tanzania,” held in Dar-es-Salaam at the end of September 2016, in
which a broad range of stakeholders discussed the current situation
and worked together to identify possible responses. This project
document is based on those discussions, the conclusions reached,
and the recommendations made as well as from consultations with key
actors.
Strategy
A Development Approach
The Project is rooted in UNDP’s overall commitment to
achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)s, many of
which can help reduce the spread of violent extremism, in
particular SDG 16, “Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and
build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all
levels.” The central premise of the Project is that Government
security responses alone will be insufficient to address the
phenomenon of violent extremism, and that the nature of the drivers
and enablers of the phenomenon requires that a developmental
approach be taken.
Such an approach must be inclusive and participatory; must be
transparent, accountable, and rights-based; must be appropriately
targeted, suitably informed, and collaborative, as well as subject
to on-going processes for coordination, monitoring and evaluation,
and programmatic adjustment.
In line with the ‘whole of society’ approach outlined in the
Secretary General’s Action Plan on Prevention of Violent Extremism,
an inclusive and participatory methodology is the best guarantor
that the overall intervention will be perceived and accepted as
demonstrably for the public good, undertaken in the interests of
all, and in accordance with the rule of law, fairly applied. With a
key focus on youth, Security Council Resolution 2250 on Youth,
Peace and Security is particularly relevant as it focuses on five
key pillars for action for youth namely, participation, protection,
prevention, partnerships and disengagement and reintegration. This
resolution also highlights the importance of giving youth a greater
voice in decision-making at all levels.
Conceptually, in accordance with the theoretical framework
developed for the UNDP Regional Project for Preventing and
Responding to Violent Extremism in Africa, all interventions of a
development approach should involve and address individuals,
institutions and ideology to varying degrees. In practical terms,
work at the national level should establish an enabling environment
for intervention in communities deemed ‘at risk’, and in support of
individuals vulnerable to radicalisation, or seeking to disengage
from violent extremist groups and reintegrate into mainstream
society.
The selection of communities considered ‘at risk’ from the
penetration of violent extremism will be determined in the National
Action Plan by a consensus of national and local stakeholders as
far as possible, but will ultimately be a decision for Government,
informed by assessment of the security situation in different
locations, and by the overall level of resources available for PVE
response. The target areas of the project herein – Mwanza, Tanga,
and Zanzibar – were three of the communities for concern identified
by the High Level Round Table Meeting on PVE organised by UNDP
September 2016. The project will also undertake some select
activities in Pwani, Lindi and Mtwara, which recently experienced a
rise in VE activities.
In terms of targeting within communities, it is important to
ensure an accurate understanding of the gendered dimensions of
violent extremism, so as to ensure an appropriate and strong focus
on young men and women, both as beneficiaries of the Project, and
as agents of it. The usual conception of youth as covering the
years 18-35 will be extended lower in response to UNDP research
into the personal journeys of violent extremists, indicating the
prevalence of radicalisation in childhood, between the ages of
14-17.[footnoteRef:5] PVE specific activities for individuals
should be supported wherever possible by other PVE-relevant
development efforts to benefit the youth demographic in target
communities. [5: Research based on survey of 400 known extremists,
average age 21, UNDP Regional Programme for Preventing and
Responding to Violent Extremism in Africa, 2015]
There is increasing evidence that gender dimensions are crucial
in the operations of violent extremist groups. Gender norms and
dynamics are manipulated and strategically used, such as the
following aspects: (i) the use of gender stereotypes to recruit
both men and women; (ii) the role and use of women as perpetrators
and the gendered assumptions that allow these women to evade
counter terrorism measures; and (iii) the violation of women’s
fundamental rights, including to health, education, bodily
integrity and public life.
The eight Security Council resolutions on women, peace and
security[footnoteRef:6], provide a critical framework for
understanding and responding to terrorism and violent extremism,
based on the principle that peace is inextricably linked to
equality between men and women, highlighting how violence,
including extremist violence is underpinned by gender inequality.
Thus, underlining the importance to adopt a gender perspective to
prevent and counter terrorism and violent extremism effectively. In
particular, Security Council resolution 2242 (2015) delivers a
roadmap and calls for action to ensure gender perspectives in all
efforts; an emphasis placed on responses that prevent extremist
violence; and for women and women’s groups to be given meaningful
opportunities to participate in the processes, particularly at
senior levels, where prevention and counter strategies are designed
and implemented. [footnoteRef:7] [6: UNSCR 1325 (2000); UNSCR 1820
(2008); UNSCR 1888 (2009); UNSCR 1889 (2009); UNSCR 1960 (2010);
UNSCR 2106 (2013); UNSCR 2122 (2013); and UNSCR 2442 (2015). ] [7:
Ibid]
Special attention will be paid to ensuring that the approach is
gender aware and responsive. Women and girls respond to the drivers
of radicalisation differently, and are impacted differently by
radicalisation processes and by violent extremism in general.
Increasing evidence of women as perpetrators, as well as their
potential in preventing VE requires context specific analysis to
understand the local dynamics and trends of the gender differences
to effectively target assistance to women and men both as
beneficiaries - ‘at risk’ of radicalisation, or in process of
de-radicalization and reintegration – and as agents of change. The
Project will carry out context-specific research in this area.
Theory of Change
The UNDP-sponsored High Level Round Table Meeting on PVE, held
in Dar-es-Salaam in late September 2016, identified five
inter-linked processes to create a development pathway for
preventing and responding to violent extremism in Tanzania.
A transparent, accountable, gender- responsive and rights-based
approach requires development of a specific framework for policy
and practice, and effective capacity to be established. The project
will support the Government to develop and adopt a National
Strategy and Action Plan for preventing and responding to violent
extremism, in line with the regional strategy being developed by
IGAD, as well as all norms and standards being promoted by the
United Nations and the African Union. A National Advisory Council
will ensure an inclusive and participatory approach to Strategy
preparation, and will be tasked with developing a National Charter
on PVE to define roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in the
implementation of the Action Plan.
Ultimately, a range of capacities will need to be built across
Government to address the prevention and response to violent
extremism as a cross-cutting issue. Initial priority should be
given to the National Counter-Terrorism Centre (NCTC), the prison
service, and Tanzania Police Force (TPF) community-based policing
units. The NCTC is mandated to prepare the National Strategy and
Action Plan, and has responsibility for guiding and coordinating
PVE efforts of Government, civil society, and international actors.
In addition, a dedicated National PVE Unit, with necessary staff
and resources, will be needed to support the effective translation
of policy into action at community level. This should be
established and maintained by the project in the first instance,
prior to formal integration into Government upon adoption of the
future National Strategy and Action Plan.
Preventing and responding to violent extremism is a national
security issue. National security must be understood as both
guarantor and outcome of human security, and as an essential
element of the social contract between Government and population.
The project will seek to improve relations between security
providers and the communities they serve, through support to
community-based policing, through initiatives to improve the
regulation and accountability of Special Forces, and through
improved access to justice for citizens both men and women and in
particular, marginalised groups. An Inception Phase study on
community perceptions of security and the rule of law will provide
baseline data for the target areas, and will be repeated at the end
of the project to measure increased popular confidence in the
efficiency, integrity and accountability of security providers.
Poor socio-economic conditions, particularly large-scale youth
unemployment, provide fertile ground for violent extremist
narratives and recruitment efforts. This is a national challenge,
made a little less daunting by the target area approach of the
project. In order to address the issue at the scale required in the
target areas, the project will work with UNDP[footnoteRef:8] and
the UN Country Team to ensure consistent geographical focus and
gendered perspectives of initiatives for vocational training and
employment generation. It will also seek partnership with
Government and other international technical and financial partners
to similar end. Such an approach will need to be augmented by
project-specific interventions for working with individuals or
groups specifically considered “at risk” of radicalisation, or for
former extremists receiving community support to reintegrate into
society. [8: UNDP has three programme areas, Inclusive Democratic
Governance, Inclusive Growth and Sustainable Livelihoods &
Environmental Sustainability, Climate Change & Resilience.
]
Countering violent extremist ideology and propaganda is a
problematic proposition: there is little evidence that direct
counter-narratives are effective, and there is a risk that the
origin and dissemination of the messages undermines their
credibility and simply reinforces extremist narratives instead.
Journalists will be given training on responsible and gender
responsive reporting of violent extremism, given concerns that
misreporting of the issue can exacerbate the attraction of
extremism to susceptible youth. The activity will also help build
project links with the media as well as raise media interest in the
subject generally. This will support the main project focus on
stimulating a public dialogue on the many aspects of preventing and
responding to violent extremism nationally and in the target areas,
a necessary corollary of the Government decision to mobilise a
national effort, and a useful support to financial and technical
partners providing assistance. All voices should be heard in the
dialogue; majority public opinion should be relied upon to frame
the issue correctly and establish the societal discourse to isolate
and refute violent extremist argument. The project focus on local
level media with a ‘driver-oriented’ approach, and will be
complimented by select work at national level. The project will
integrate communications into all aspects of its work.
Over and above raising public awareness regarding violent
extremism, the project will take specific steps to strengthen
community resilience in the target areas. The High Level Round
Table Meeting on PVE held in Dar-es-Salaam identified three
strategies to do this: complimenting efforts to promote social
inclusion of young men and women with activities to better
represent their voices in decision-making; replicating and
connecting national to local level dialogue mechanisms, and support
to a demand-led process for improving the governance of religious
institutions in target communities; establishing trained capacity
at community level to provide early warning and response to signs
of radicalisation, and to manage the reintegration of former
extremists into society. Pilot initiatives in this direction should
be subject to rigorous and timely monitoring and evaluation to
assess their efficacy and cost-effectiveness for potential
replication under the National Strategy.
The manifestation of Violent Extremism appears unique to each
country, region and community. The relative dearth of information
or data in regards to the specific drivers and enablers of violent
extremism in Tanzania, and the need to assess what does or does not
‘work’ in terms of interventions to address it in the selected
target communities, requires a particularly strong commitment of
the project to collaborative working with other actors in terms of
research, monitoring and evaluation, knowledge management, and
coordination of activities. Work in this regard is envisaged as a
specific additional set of activities for the project, in order to
ensure that attention and resources match aspirations.
This project will look at look five major gender dimensions of
violent extremism in line with the recommendations of the Security
Council resolution 2242 (2015) and the UNWOMEN global project on
Prevention of Violence Extremism.[footnoteRef:9] These will
include, i) mainstreaming gender perspectives across efforts to
prevent violent extremism; ii) building the capacity of women and
their civil society groups to engage in the prevention and response
efforts related to violent extremism; iii) ensuring women are
adequately represented in national law enforcement and security
agencies, including being part of the prevention and response
frameworks; iv) investing in gender-sensitive research and data
collection on women’s roles in violent extremism, including on
identifying the drivers that lead women to join violent extremist
groups and v) empowering women through providing necessary skills
to recognize early signs of radicalization. [9: Preventing Violent
Extremism: A Gender Sensitive Approach. UN Women’s Global Programme
(2016-2018)]
Results and Partnerships
Expected Results
The overall goal of the project is the prevention and reduction
of violent extremism in Tanzania.
The project will deliver the following outputs:
Output 1:National policy framework and intervention capacities
strengthened to address the phenomenon of violent extremism.
Output 1.1 Tanzania has a Gender Responsive National Strategy,
Action Plan and Stakeholder Charter in place for preventing and
responding to violent extremism.
The project will build the capacities of the National Counter
Terrorism Centre (NCTC) to lead and coordinate an integrated and
developmental response to violent extremism. The project will
augment NCTC staffing with specific positions for coordination and
for research and knowledge management, and will provide a vehicle
and office equipment to facilitate NCTC work.
The NCTC will be supported to organise study tours to third
countries for senior Government decision makers from relevant line
Ministries regarding regional and international efforts for the
prevention of violent extremism, and will benefit from the
provision of national and international technical assistance to
review the existing legislative framework to ensure a comprehensive
and integrated ‘whole of Government’ approach. The project will
facilitate NCTC and line Ministry engagement with the UN, AU, IGAD,
EAC, and other relevant regional and international institutions on
the issue.
The project will support the NCTC to conduct a series of
national and regional consultations on violent extremism in
Tanzania, to draft a National Strategy and Action Plan in 2017, for
implementation in the years 2018-2020. The National Strategy will
ensure that the necessary approach and policy frameworks,
structures and procedures, capacities and resources are in place to
support implementation of the National Action Plan
Output 1.2National Advisory Council in place to ensure inclusive
and participatory approach to preparation of National Strategy and
Action Plan, and to promote transparency and accountability in
Action Plan implementation.
A National Advisory Council (NAC) on PVE will be established,
comprising representatives of Government, civil society and the
private sector, to facilitate an inclusive and participatory
approach to development of the National Strategy, and to promote
transparency and accountability in the implementation of the
accompanying National Action Plan. The NAC will conduct a series of
national and regional consultations on violent extremism in
Tanzania, to inform development of the National Strategy, and will
prepare a National Charter for implementation of the Action Plan,
to agree guidance to stakeholders as to roles, responsibilities and
conduct. It is intended that women should comprise at least 50% of
the membership of the NAC and women’s groups will be consulted at
national and local level to ensure that gender perspectives are
integrated in the PVE Strategy and sub-sequent National Action
Plan
Output 1.3National PVE Unit in place to support community-level
engagement for preventing and responding to violent extremism.
The project will establish a National PVE Unit to support
communities to prevent and respond to the radicalisation of
individuals, and to manage and monitor the reintegration of former
extremists into society. The structure, staffing and budget for the
National PVE Unit will be agreed with relevant authorities, along
with a temporary mandate and operating procedures for a pilot
project to be evaluated for possible replication under the National
Action Plan 2018-2020.
The work of the National Unit for PVE will encompass
community-level training, including women’s groups to support
families and peer groups to recognise signs of radicalisation,
formation of early warning and response mechanisms, and training of
relevant individuals in target communities; placement and
management of disengaging individuals reintegrating into the
community; psycho-social support to disengaged individuals and
receiving communities as required; support to community mentoring
and monitoring of individuals deemed “at risk” of radicalisation,
or in process of disengagement and reintegration; community
sensitisation to reduce fear and stigmatisation of former
extremists.
Staff of the National PVE Unit will receive training organised
by UNDP under the project, and will ensure that gender is an
integral part of its work at all levels.
Output 1.4Prison service supported to develop PVE strategy, and
pilot scheme implemented in target area prisons to identify and
respond to signs of radicalisation in the prison population.
The project will develop a curriculum based on international
best practice, and organise trainings for the prison service in
regards to preventing and responding to violent extremism.
Awareness trainings for senior staff at national level will
initiate a strategic review of prison service policy and capacities
to manage violent extremist offenders, and to minimise the risk of
radicalisation of other prison inmates. The review will feed into
the process of formulation of the National Strategy and Action Plan
for PVE.
The project will work with the prison service to appoint and
train Focal Points for PVE in all prisons of the target areas.
Frontline prison staff including female and male prison officers
will be trained to identify signs of radicalisation amongst the
inmate population, and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) will be
developed for referral and response. It is anticipated that work in
the target areas will be monitored and evaluated for potential
replication elsewhere under the National Action Plan for PVE
2018-2020.
Output 2Improved interaction between security providers and
local population in target areas.
Output 2.1Community-based policing strengthened in the project
target areas.
The National Police Force of Tanzania will be supported to
integrate prevention and response to violent extremism into its
national training curricula for community-based policing. This will
involve the development of guidelines for Law Enforcement to
strengthen capacities for community policing that promotes the use
of partnerships between law enforcement and the community,
particularly young men and women, to address the threat of violent
extremism. Law Enforcement will also be trained on how to work
together with the community to help identify, prevent and counter
violent extremism, including building trust with young men and
women as well as parents/guardians on how to identify and report
suspicious behaviour, including online activity, as well as,
provide guidance on offline and online safety tips. Senior police
officers including female and male officers at national level, as
well as community policing officers from the target areas, will
receive differentiated trainings and a training-of-trainers will be
organised to incorporate PVE into the existing community policing
curriculum. Gender perspectives of community policing and PVE will
be incorporated within the training curriculum.
Support will also be provided to develop a strengthened
community-based policing effort for the project target areas. In
the target areas, Ward-level meetings will be organised to promote
support for community-based policing. Community policing officers
will be provided with small-scale resources to engage young women
and men in sports and other social activities designed to build
trust and confidence in security providers, and to raise awareness
of the dangers of radicalisation, and the penalties for violent
extremism.
Output 2.2Operations and accountability of Special Forces
improved in target areas.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the deployment and
operations of Special Forces will be reviewed and revised in the
target areas, and human resources frameworks will be adjusted to
ensure that appropriate codes of conduct are in place with
accompanying sanctions for non-compliance. Special Forces will
receive training on human rights, gender perspectives within PVE,
accountability, and on the revised codes of conduct pertaining.
Output 3:Livelihood opportunities increased for “at risk” young
women and men in target areas.
Output 3.1Apprenticeship schemes for individuals
established.
The project will employ selected craftspeople in the target
areas to offer apprenticeships and mentoring of young women and men
deemed as “at risk” of radicalisation by the early warning systems
to be established. Apprenticeships will also be open to former
extremists seeking to disengage and reintegrate into communities.
Certification will be done to demonstrate compliance with quality,
nationally recognized standards and provide greater assurance of
competence to those who enrol, by accreditation. Service contracts
will cover mentorship training, as well as provision of tools and
other necessary material support to facilitate the apprenticeship.
There will also be support to educational outreach to encourage
critical thinking and develop life and employment skills. Life
skills training will include development of leadership,
problem-solving, public speaking, and conflict resolution skills
through the socio-cultural approach. Employment skills will include
how to operationalize their businesses, value chains and access to
bigger markets, savings and investment into their own business,
accompanied by support to improve financial literacy skills and the
structures of business group and association structures.
Output 3.2Existing vocational training schemes and other
employment-generating projects scaled-up in target areas.
Poverty and under-development create grievances that can easily
be exploited by extremist groups. Young people including young
women and men are increasingly vulnerable as a result of low
standards of education, which are failing to equip them for the
competitive job market and making them easy targets for
radicalization processes. Activities in this area will leverage
existing projects[footnoteRef:10] to ensure they are targeting
vulnerable groups, especially in ungoverned spaces where such
populations are particularly at risk. Where such interventions do
not yet exist, this project will help design interventions that
fill in the gaps. Potential livelihoods activities per region,
which include Green/Blue Businesses and Creative Industry are as
follows: Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba) - crafts, vegetable, honey and
sea weed farming, small scale businesses such as retail clothing
and foodstuffs, tourism, brick making and fishing; Tanga – crafts,
apple, mango, cassava and flower farming, tailoring, masonry, spice
farming, mushroom farming, butterfly farming, dairy production,
honey and fishing; Mwanza – crafts, cotton, maize, rice, cassava
cash crop farming, tourism, boat and boda boda[footnoteRef:11]
transportation, timber and livestock businesses. [10: These
projects will include those being implemented by other actors, both
state and non-state. ] [11: Boda boda are motorcycle taxis commonly
found in East Africa.]
Output 3.3National UNV scheme established of peer group mentors
in target area ‘hotspots’.
Building on past NGO work with street gangs in
Zanzibar,[footnoteRef:12] the project will work with unemployed
young men and women in the target areas (Zanzibar and Mainland) to
establish peer group mentoring schemes to identify radicalisation
techniques and processes affecting selected communities. Key
individuals will be recruited as UN Volunteers who will receive
training and necessary equipment and resources to monitor social
media, organize youth activities and participate in early warning
and response mechanisms (Output 5.3). [12: In 2013 ILPI received a
one-year grant (Oct 2013-Sept 2014) from the US Embassy in Dar es
Salaam to implement a project named “Creating Space for Peace and
Dialogue,” which later on was branded as Center for Youth Dialogue
(CYD).]
Output 4:Responsible, quality and conflict sensitive news
reporting supported, and public awareness and dialogue around
violent extremism promoted.
Output 4.1Journalists trained in techniques for responsible
reporting of violent extremism.
The project will partner with the international Institute for
War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and BBC Media Action to deliver a
series of trainings followed by mentorship of media practitioners
at national level, in Dar es Salaam and in the target areas, to
build capacities for the responsible reporting of violent extremism
as a phenomenon in general,[footnoteRef:13] and in terms of
specific incidents and risk. [13: The training will be informed by
research on the current reporting. ]
Output 4.2National and local radio programmes to mitigate
violent extremism reach mass audience.
Selected local and national media will be supported to address
the issue and to mobilise a broad range of stakeholders to air
their views and tell individual stories as part of on-air
discussions. Women will be an integral part of these programmes as
active participants. while women-only discussion platforms will
also be created when appropriate. In addition, Women Production
Groups will be engaged for inclusive and gender responsive
programming and outreach These initiatives will contribute to
increased understanding and stimulate interest and discussion in
the gender-specific dimensions of the violent extremism phenomenon.
Local programming will focus on local voices and local content in
recognition of the context-specific nature of the drivers and
enablers of violent extremism.
Output 4.3Project communications strategy supports local and
national public dialogues.
In recognition of public interest in project activities
themselves, project partners – youth representatives, religious and
community leaders, Government officials and spokespersons for
security providers – will receive communications training, and will
be supported in contact with local and national media as part of
the overall project communications strategy and in view of the
sensitivities of this topic. Former violent extremists in process
of reintegration into society will be articulated to the
communications strategy of the project wherever appropriate and
beneficial.
Output 5:Community resilience to violent extremism
strengthened.
Output 5.1Voices of young men and women better represented in
national dialogue.
The project will network and train existing groups of young
women and men on identifying signs of radicalisation, and support
dialogue between youth groups, local authorities and security
providers on PVE in the community using fora such as youth centres
and school clubs. The project will utilise Youth Parliaments to
scrutinise and debate the drivers and enablers of violent extremism
relevant in each target area. The cross-party Youth Caucus in
Parliament will be engaged by the project, and invited to
participate in project events on an on-going process. Youth Caucus
MPs will be asked to participate in the Youth Parliaments, to act
as mentors, and to establish a better connection between youth
voices at community level and national-level debate and
decision-making.
Output 5.2Religious dialogue facilitated, governance and
community engagement of religious institutions at community level
strengthened.
Existing national and regional forums for inter- and
intra-religious dialogue will be supported to establish and guide
local chapters at Ward/Sheha-level in the target areas, ensuring
that the dialogues reach down to, and includes voices from, young
women and men from “at risk” communities. The project will also
build upon the work done under DEP through the OMZ that
specifically engaged with Islamic leaders such as Sheikhs and Imams
and used moderate leaders to reach out to the more radical leaders.
Strengthening this network will form part of the strengthening of
the infrastructure for peace in Tanzania.[footnoteRef:14] [14: A
dynamic network of interdependent structures, mechanisms,
resources, values, and skills which, through dialogue and
consultation, contribute to conflict prevention and peace-building
in a society ]
The project will support efforts at national level and in the
target areas for the consensual development and dissemination of
approved curricula for madrassas, for certification of religious
teachers, and for monitoring of pedagogical content and methodology
by relevant religious authorities. The project will provide
on-demand support to strengthening the governance of religious
institutions, and the positive pastoral role that religious
institutions wish to play in the target communities.
Output 5.3Community early warning and response mechanisms for
PVE in place.
At Ward/Sheha-level in the target areas, UNDP will establish a
number of early warning and response groups (EWRG) for preventing
and responding to violent extremism, comprising local religious and
community leaders, teachers,[footnoteRef:15] health professionals
and social workers, as well as representatives of youth groups,
women’s groups, and other CBOs, as well as, Local Peace Committees
in Unguja and Pemba. [15: Strengthening the capacities of educators
is a priority in the engagement of learners in a conflict-sensitive
manner, further contributing to the reinforcement of local early
warning mechanisms by improving the capacities of teachers to
adequately build trust and identify early signs of radicalization
and potential violent extremism. ]
The purpose of the EWRGs is twofold: to ensure a cadre of
trained professionals and volunteers able to intervene on behalf of
family or friends of those exhibiting signs of radicalisation, and
to take appropriate steps to re-orient individuals away from
violent extremism; to support and monitor individuals disengaging
from violent extremism and reintegrating into local
communities.
Although EWRG’s will not include representatives of Government
or security providers, in order to maintain the trust and
confidence of the broader community, the chair of EWRG will liaise
with security providers as required, to make referrals of those “at
risk” as deemed necessary by the group, and to receive former
extremists disengaging voluntarily or released from prison,
referred by the National PVE Unit.
EWRG members will receive training and support from the National
PVE Unit in identifying signs of radicalisation, in when and how to
make referrals, and in response techniques to be utilised. Options
will include placement on livelihoods schemes as outlined in Output
3, for those “at risk” of radicalisation, as well as those
disengaging and reintegrating into the community.
Output 6:Understanding of violent extremism in Tanzania
improved, better managed, and applied to prevention and response
efforts.
Output 6.1Study to support development of monitoring and
evaluation frameworks for national PVE effort in general, and for
first phase of the project
While preventive action makes sense given the asymmetrical level
of potential risks from not acting, the difficulties of
establishing indicators at outcome level – demonstrating that this
or any other intervention has succeeded in lowering levels of
radicalisation and of violent extremism – should be addressed by a
specific monitoring and evaluation study for the Tanzanian context,
undertaken on behalf of all donors and actors, including
Government. The Inception Phase study will also feed into
development of TORs for a study on Community Perceptions of
Security and Violent Extremism designed to establish baseline
indicators for project work in the target areas, and establish the
broader monitoring and evaluation framework and regime for all
activities of the first phase of project implementation. The
project will ensure that the monitoring and evaluation framework is
gender sensitive in relation to both preventive and response
interventions. The framework will address the impact on women and
men, boys and girls, including through use of gender indicators and
collection of sex-disaggregated data.
Output 6.2Context-specific research undertaken to better inform
preparation of National Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2020.
The relative dearth of information regarding violent extremism
in Tanzania, coupled with the global insight that the drivers and
enablers of violent extremism are always context-specific, requires
that more research be undertaken to inform strategic response and
to better target interventions. In order to avoid duplication of
effort with other donors and implementing partners, the Inception
Phase of the project will engage all stakeholders to identify gaps
in data and analysis that need to be addressed. The project will
develop a network of local researchers on PVE through the knowledge
management platform to be established (see Output 6.3), and will
commission studies into community perceptions of security and
extremism in the target areas, and into gender perspectives in the
drivers and enablers of radicalisation in Tanzania.
Output 6.3Web-based knowledge management platform established as
key resource for practitioners working on PVE in Tanzania.
The project will design and tender terms of reference for a
web-based knowledge management platform (KMP) on preventing and
responding to violent extremism in Tanzania. The KMP is intended as
a dynamic resource tool for practitioners, as well as an
information portal for general interest. The KMP will be structured
to include sections on news and events; features on in-country
policy and projects, and on regional and international good
practice; a document repository for research, and capacity
development tools; a project blog and open discussion forum for a
community of relevant stakeholders and practitioners to share
information and perspectives on the multi-dimensional aspects of
the violent extremism phenomenon. The KMP will be established by
the project with a view to transferring ownership and maintenance
to the National Counter Terrorism Centre or other national
counterpart upon adoption of the National Strategy and Action Plan
for PVE.
Output 6.4Coordination mechanisms operational to ensure
coherence of overall national effort to prevent and respond to
violent extremism.
The project will reach out to other UN Agencies regarding
PVE-specific and PVE-relevant interventions in Tanzania, to ensure
coherence and synergy of UN system support. The project will also
support the NCTC to hold regular coordination meetings, to bring
together international financial and technical partners to
Government to discuss and adjust on-going and planned
interventions, with the object of strengthening coherence, synergy,
and Government ownership in the PVE sector.
Output 7: Gender and women’s active participation across all
efforts to prevent and
respond to extreme violence is promoted in Tanzania.
Output 7.1: Increased rate of women’s participation and
leadership in the counter violent extremism response and prevention
effort.
A successful conflict prevention effort must rest on key
investments in women’s leadership and participation. While a
growing evidence base highlights that women’s leadership and
participation increases effectiveness in all areas of peace and
security - including preventing and countering violent extremism –
women remain marginalized in decision-making processes,
particularly at senior levels, where such strategies are designed
and implemented.[footnoteRef:16] This project will support all
efforts to build the leadership skills of women engaged in security
sector reform with counter terrorism units, the established
National Advisory Council, National PVE Unit and other relevant
bodies to increase gender and women voices in decision making. [16:
UN Women’s Global Programme (2016-2018) Preventing Violent
Extremism: A Gender Sensitive Approach. ]
Output 7.2: Capacity of Women’s civil Society organizations to
prevent and respond to violence extremism strengthened.
The empowerment of women’s CSO’s and practitioners in preventing
violent extremism has been found to make a tremendous contribution
towards sustainable peace because of the active role they play.
Therefore, this project will provide capacity building support to
women and their civil society groups to engage in prevention and
response initiatives related to violent extremism. The capacity
building component will involve tailoring specialized training
programs for key women led CSO’s engaged on PVE issues including on
early warning, focusing on identifying early signs of
radicalization and conflict resolution skills that would enable
them to better challenge radicalization and violence. The capacity
building component aims to enhance and strengthen the leadership
skills of women CSO’s to effectively engage in PVE initiatives in
the various project locations.
Through the capacity building component, the project will
support the establishment of a women’s CSO’s network to engage in
preventing and countering violent extremism in the project
locations. For sustainability, the capacity of different networks
will be strengthened and improved for them to continue building the
capacities of women through trainings, exposure visit, providing
advisory service, conducting community dialogue and advocacy,
information sharing and holding strategic meetings with relevant
security organs, women leaders and religious leaders. The Network
in addition will provide peer support to women’s organizations and
create safe spaces to share their concerns, experiences, and
perspectives, new and unique approaches in tackling drivers of
radicalization of youth.
Resources Required to achieve the Expected Results
Specific budget lines will be needed to support the
following:
· Output 3 to increase livelihoods opportunities in the target
areas will require salaries for craftspeople and apprentices,
procurement of apprenticeship tools, subcontracts with project
partners engaged with vocational training or other employment
generative activities, stipend and minor equipment provision for
national UN Volunteers working as peer-group mentors.
· Output 4 will require resources for the production and
dissemination of radio programmes and other communications-related
expenses, as well as a subcontract with the Institute for War and
Peace Reporting (IWPR) to organise training for journalists in
responsible (conflict-sensitive) reporting.
· Output 5 will require a subcontract with a partner
organisation(s) to support establishment of the early warning and
response mechanism in each community.
· Output 6 will require funds to commission research, and to
subcontract an IT provider to create and maintain the knowledge
management platform.
· Output 7 will require funds and gender expertise to support
and facilitate the gender mainstreaming and women’s participation
across all efforts of the project.
The project is conceived primarily as a capacity development
intervention, and requires the following types of inputs:
· Salaries for staff to be attached to the NCTC and National PVE
Unit;
· Vehicles, equipment and furniture for NCTC, National PVE Unit
and project offices;
· Travel and Daily Subsistence Allowance costs for beneficiaries
and stakeholders;
· Organisational costs for study tours, trainings, consultative
meetings and dialogue fora;
· National and international technical expertise for
assessments, training, monitoring and evaluation.
Direct management costs are required to cover establishment and
maintenance of the project team, support and oversight of the UNDP
Country Office, coordination by the office of the UN Resident
Coordinator, substantive inputs and project assurance of the UNDP
Regional Service Centre for Africa. A Gender and
Countering/Preventing Violent Extremism Specialist will be
recruited to oversee the overall day to day management and
coordination. Further technical support will be provided by the
Peace and Security Section and Division in New York and the ESAR
Regional Office of UN Women in relation to the gender
components.
Costs for the project team include salaries, travel and per diem
costs for a P4-level international Project Technical Specialist,
National Coordinator, three national target area coordinators, one
admin/finance associate and four drivers. The project team will
require office infrastructure (furniture, equipment, etc.), office
running costs, 3 vehicles and associated vehicle running costs.
UNDP indirect management costs will be charged at 8% of the
substantive project budget, including direct management costs.
Project Partnerships
The project will work in partnership with the following national
stakeholders: elected and appointed Government officials at
national and local levels, security providers, political parties
and parliamentary groups, NGOs and CBOs including women’s groups
faith-based organisations and institutions, academia, mass media
and community media, international technical and financial partners
to Government on preventing and responding to violent
extremism.
At national level, stakeholders will be invited to form a
National Advisory Council on PVE to guide and support the project,
to promote public ownership and Government accountability. At local
level, a participatory and inclusive approach to project
implementation will ensure that the views and interests of all
potential stakeholders are represented.
It is anticipated that the direct Government counterpart for the
project will be the National Counter Terrorism Centre, responsible
for coordination of PVE work in Tanzania, as well as preparation of
the envisaged National Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2020.
The project will work with relevant Government line Ministries
and Government security providers – police, Special Forces, prison
service – with and through the NCTC. The project will work with
Parliament through the cross-party Youth Caucus, to raise awareness
and support amongst decision-makers for an integrated and
comprehensive, developmental approach to PVE in Tanzania.
The project will seek to partner with UN Women to support the
gender dimension of the project with particular focus on Output 7.
UN Women will lead the gender component and provide the required
gender expertise needed for effective gender mainstreaming across
the project outputs.
UN Volunteers will administer the national UNV scheme foreseen
for peer group monitoring and mentoring in Output 3.3, as well as
establishment, maintenance, and ongoing provision of content to the
knowledge management foreseen under Output 6.2.
National and international NGOs and relevant local Government
departments will be partners to project efforts to scale-up
existing vocational training and employment generation activities.
The project will work with the Institute for War and Peace
Reporting (IWPR) for the implementation of Output 4.1 for the
training of journalists, with leading media organisations to
produce television and radio programmes to stimulate national
debate (Output 4.2), and with media in the target areas to engage
local audiences and to report on project activities.
Relevant religious authorities and institutions will be
supported to participate in dialogue forums, and to improve
governance of religious institutions. Project partners will include
the Office of the Mufti and the Zanzibar, Imams Association the
Inter-Religious Council for Peace Tanzania (IRCPT), which provides
capacity building and accompaniment to local inter-religious
committees. At the local level the project will also engage with
the District and Regional Peace and Security Committees.
Research institutions will be commissioned by the project to
undertake specific studies relevant to the implementation of the
project and to NCTC preparation of the National Strategy and
accompanying Action Plan.
The project will support Government coordination with IGAD and
EAC at the regional level, with the AU at the continental level,
and with the UN Counter Terrorism Centre and UN Counter Terrorism
Implementation Taskforce (UNCTITF) in New York, as well as
strengthen UN Country Team coordination and coherence on PVE
issues.
Risks and Assumptions
The Project assumes that the Government of Tanzania continues to
support a developmental approach to the prevention of violent
extremism, mandates the preparation of a national Strategy, Action
Plan and Charter for PVE, and participates with a ‘whole of
Government’ approach to development and implementation. The project
also assumes the continued interest and participation of a broad
range of civil society and local Government stakeholders, both
nationally and in the selected target areas.
A full Risk Log is attached to this project document which
details all risks– political, institutional, social, financial and
operational – that the project must manage and mitigate over the
course of its implementation. Key strategic risks relating to
achievement of each substantive output, and the measures taken to
mitigate them, are as follows:
RISK
MITIGATION
Project seen as Government agenda, supported by external
donors
High levels of ownership by Tanzania authorities and inclusive
and participatory approach to involvement of civil society in
development of National Strategy, Action Plan and Charter.
Disproportionate security response to future incidents
undermines activities to build trust and confidence between
security providers and local communities
The project will work with relevant authorities to agree SOPs
for the deployment of Special Forces, and will strengthen training
and accountability mechanisms in regard to human rights
observance.
Targeting of PVE-specific livelihoods assistance seen as
rewarding bad behaviour in target communities
PVE-specific project activities are supported by broader
UNDP-UNCT, Government and partner development effort to the benefit
of whole community; field presence sensitises stakeholders to the
methodology of the project, and secures buy-in and support.
Communications strategy undermines rather than reinforces
project objective
Project commitment to neutral public dialogue rather than
development of specific counter-narratives.
Communities reject premise, objective, or activities of the
project and do not participate as envisaged
Field presence and participatory approach at community levels
will ensure demand-driven interventions attuned to local
sensitivities
Stakeholder Engagement
This project document was developed following a UNDP-sponsored
High Level Round Table Meeting on Preventing and Responding to
Violent Extremism, held in Dar-es-Salaam on the 29-30th September
2016. Conclusions of the High Level Round Table Meeting are
appended here as Annex 1. In addition, extensive consultations have
been undertaken with the relevant Government and civil society
actors, UN Agencies, international donors and implementing
partners, and IGAD, and their feedback has been fully integrated
into the project design.
This project is also in line with the UN Women’s Global
Programme (2016-2018) on preventing violent
extremism[footnoteRef:17]; Security Council resolution 2242 (2015)
and the Plan of Action [footnoteRef:18]that all calls for ensuring
that the protection and empowerment of women is a central
consideration of strategies devised to counter terrorism and
violent extremism, investing in gender-sensitive research and data
collection on women’s roles in violent extremism, including on
identifying the drivers that lead women to join violent extremist
groups, and on the impacts of counter-terrorism strategies on their
lives, in order to develop targeted and evidence-based policy and
programming responses. [17: UN Women’s Global Programme (2016-2018)
Preventing Violent Extremism: A Gender Sensitive Approach. ] [18:
UN SG. Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism
https://www.un.org/counterterrorism/ctitf/en/plan-action-prevent-violent-extremism.
]
Violent extremism requires a response which inspires, rallies,
and facilitates every citizen to contest it, through
person-to-person contact, through peer group pressure, and through
communal action.
In order to achieve such a level of national ownership, an
inclusive approach must be taken, which actively seeks to engage
all sections of civil society – local communities, traditional
leaders, NGOs and CBOs, the media, academic institutions, and the
private sector. The project approach is specifically intended to be
consultative and participatory, in design, in implementation, in
monitoring and evaluation, and in regard to how best to target
resources.
The National Advisory Council on PVE to best established will
ensure high level of visibility for PVE work, and the National PVE
Charter to be developed by the Council will promote high levels of
accountability of all actors, to mitigate cynicism and to reassure
all stakeholders as to the integrity and efficacy of every aspect
of the national effort.
South-South and Triangular Cooperation (SSC/TrC)
There is great potential for Tanzania to learn from the
experience of other African countries in regard to the development
of policy and good practice for preventing and responding to
violent extremism.
In cooperation with IGAD, and through the NCTC, the project will
support study tours to third countries to be identified by IGAD and
by the Addis Ababa-based UNDP Regional Service Centre for Africa
(RSCA). RSCA will also identify consultant experts to support the
capacity development components of the project, and ensure relevant
networking of counterparts under the UNDP Regional Programme for
PVE.
The project will develop good relations with the IGAD
Djibouti-based Centre of Excellence for PVE, in the process of
being established, and will partner as appropriate to undertake
joint research to support PVE in Tanzania.
Knowledge Development and Sharing
The phenomenon of violent extremism in Tanzania is
insufficiently documented and analysed, and more data and research
is required to provide an evidentiary base for policy making and
action.
Three studies will be commissioned during the project Inception
Phase. A research institution will be commissioned to undertake a
study of Community Perceptions of Security and of Violent Extremism
in the target areas, which will improve understanding of context
and provide baseline information for project monitoring and
evaluation. A monitoring and evaluation expert will guide design of
the Community Perceptions Study, and develop a full MandE framework
for the project to accompany the revised Results and Resource
matrix to be included in the Inception Phase report. Finally, a
study on gender perspectives on the drivers and enablers of violent
extremism. Gender perspectives will also be included in the
remaining studies.
Other Inception Phase activities will include the mapping of
PVE-relevant programming of UNDP and other UN Agencies, and a first
coordination meeting on PVE to be chaired by the NCTC and attended
by Government technical and financial partners. The coordination
meeting will discuss current and planned research on PVE being
undertaken in Tanzania, and identify gaps in knowledge for the
project to build into its work programming in the first phase of
full implementation.
It is intended that the studies will inform the work of the NCTC
and National Advisory Council in preparation of the National
Strategy and Action Plan.
A knowledge management platform will be established (Activity
6.2) as a high-quality web-based resource to capture and
disseminate a broad range of knowledge on PVE for stakeholders and
practitioners. This will link with, and draw content from, the
research component of the UNDP Regional Programme for Preventing
and Responding to Violent Extremism.
The project will be subject to full mid-term and final
evaluations, to be conducted by external experts, to facilitate the
Project Board in adjusting the results and activities during the
implementation period, and to ensure that lessons learnt are
digested and disseminated in support of follow-up
interventions.
Sustainability and Scaling Up
The Project will be primarily implemented through the Direct
Implementation Modality (DIM), but with National Implementation
Modality (NIM) to be utilised for implementation of Output 1.1., to
promote national ownership and the development of national
capacities.
The project will be divided into two phases: a first phase,
leading up to approval and adoption of the National Strategy and
Action Plan 2018-2020; a second phase, dedicated to provision of
initial support to Action Plan implementation.
Target area activities will be subject to on-going monitoring
and evaluation during the first phase of project implementation, to
assess their impact and cost-effectiveness for possible replication
in other geographical locations under the National Action Plan.
Work of the National PVE Unit will also be assessed at this stage,
for integration into Government structures and national budget.
A mid-term assessment of the project as a whole will recommend
priorities for the second phase of the project. The Project Board
will consider the conclusions of the mid-term evaluation of the
project, the priorities of the National Action Plan, and the
recommendations of the Project Technical Specialist in support of a
revised implementation plan for the second phase of the
project.
Project Management
Cost Efficiency and Effectiveness
UNDP and the UN Country Team will ensure a portfolio management
approach to ensure cost-effectiveness, by leveraging project
activities and partnerships with other initiatives.
The project will be implemented as one of the “at risk”
countries for intervention identified by the UNDP regional
programme for preventing and responding to violent conflict in
Africa. The project will benefit from research, technical
expertise, opportunities for south-south cooperation, as well as
IGAD regional coordination, organised by the regional
Programme.
The project will leverage the ongoing and future work of UNDP
Tanzania to address weak-governance, under- development and
marginalisation as relevant to the prevention of violent extremism.
UNDP will direct the community-level initiatives of other
PVE-relevant projects of its portfolio to the target areas of this
project, to ensure that the PVEs-specific interventions herein are
supported by, and embedded within, a broadly-based development
effort benefitting the whole community. Significant UNDP
interventions are planned to continue work with the National
Assembly, to extend access to justice in the target areas, and to
develop livelihood opportunities through support to environmental
protection on Zanzibar.
In conjunction with the Office of the UN Resident Coordinator,
the project will map PVE-relevant activities of the UN Country
Team, facilitate discussion and coordination between Agencies, and
liaise with the UN Counter Terrorism Centre, in order to fully
leverage UN system resources in support of the overall goal of the
project. UNDP will organise regular coordination meetings with
international donors and implementing agencies, while the Project
will actively seek partnerships to further a common agenda
regarding PVE research, monitoring and evaluation methodology, and
knowledge management.
Project Management
The target areas of the project are Zanzibar, Mwanza, Tanga,
Pwani, Lindi and Mtwara. The precise number and location of target
wards/shehas will be proposed in the Inception Phase report,
approval by the Project Board.
A main Project office will be established in Dar-es-Salaam. The
project will be led by an international Technical Specialist (P4),
and supported by a National Project Coordinator an international UN
Volunteer for knowledge management, a Gender and
Countering/Preventing Violent Extremism Specialist (through UN
Women) a driver, and if needed one admin/finance associate.
Given the sensitivities and context-specificity of the issue,
field presence at community level is considered essential. A
project office will be opened in each target area, with a local
target area coordinator. Project offices in the target areas will
be co-located with project partners, in order to minimise
costs.
Coordination of this Project’s activities and outputs with those
of other IPs of the Project will be ensured through the Project
Board and ad hoc monthly coordination mechanisms that include the
implementing partners responsible for each respective output and
other relevant stakeholders. Coordination with other UNDP and UN
projects (i.e. – support to National Assembly, Access to Justice,
upcoming GEF initiative) will be done by the Governance Team of the
UNDP CO.
The project will commence with a six-month Inception Phase.
Activities of the Inception Phase will cover recruitment of project
staff and establishment of project offices; formalisation of
agreements with project partners; mapping of PVE-relevant
initiatives in the target areas, and initial coordination
activities; research and work planning. An Inception Phase report
will be prepared for approval by the Project Board, informed by
three Inception Phase studies:
A study of Community Perceptions of Security and of Violent
Extremism in the target areas, which will improve understanding of
context and provide baseline information, and which will be
repeated at the end of the project as a tool for measuring
progress;
A monitoring and evaluation study to guide design of the
Community Perceptions Study, and to provide guidance for the
development of an M&E framework for the national PVE effort in
Tanzania. The study will inform the revised Results and Resource
matrix to be included in the project Inception Phase report.
A study on gender perspectives regarding the drivers and
enablers of violent extremism in Tanzania.
UNDP will organise the Inception Phase activities, and provide
interim project management capacities while project staff are
recruited. The project will be implemented in the framework of the
UNDP Regional Programme for Preventing and Responding to Violent
Extremism, managed by the UNDP Regional Service Centre for Africa,
based in Addis Ababa. The Regional Programme, a donor to the
project, will be reimbursed for the provision of technical
expertise to the project.
The Project will be subject to the internal and external
auditing procedures provided for in the financial regulations,
rules and directives of UNDP.
UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
PROJECT DOCUMENT
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
22
17
Results Framework
Intended Outcome as stated in the UNDAF/Country [or
Global/Regional] Programme Results and Resource Framework:
National governance is more effective, transparent, accountable
and inclusive.
Outcome indicators as stated in the Country Programme [or
Global/Regional] Results and Resources Framework, including
baseline and targets: RPD Outcome 3: Countries and regions are able
to reduce the likelihood of conflict arising from violent
extremism.
Applicable Output(s) from the UNDP Strategic Plan: SP Outcome 2:
Citizen expectations for voice, development, the rule of law and
accountability are met by stronger systems of democratic
governance; SP Outcome 5. Countries are able to reduce the
likelihood of conflict and lower the risk of natural disasters,
including from climate change
Project title and Atlas Project Number: Preventing and
Responding to Violent Extremism in Tanzania
EXPECTED OUTPUTS
OUTPUT INDICATORS[footnoteRef:19] [19: It is recommended that
projects use output indicators from the Strategic Plan IRRF, as
relevant, in addition to project-specific results indicators.
Indicators should be disaggregated by sex or for other targeted
groups where relevant.]
DATA SOURCE
BASELINE
TARGETS (by frequency of data collection)DATA COLLECTION METHODS
& RISKS
Value
Year
Year1
Year2
Year3
FINAL
Output 1
National policy framework and intervention capacities
strengthened to address the phenomenon of violent extremism
1.1 Tanzania has a gender responsive National Strategy, Action
Plan & Stakeholder Charter in place for preventing and
responding to violent extremism.
Project reports, NCTC reports
No National Strategy, Action Plan & Stakeholder Charter
2017
Gender responsive National Strategy, Action Plan &
Stakeholder Charter
-
-
Gender responsive National Strategy, Action Plan &
Stakeholder Charter
Review of Project reports & NCTC reports
1.2 National Advisory Council in place to ensure inclusive and
participatory approach to preparation of National Strategy and
Action Plan, and to promote transparency and accountability in
Action Plan implementation.
Project reports
No National Advisory Council
2017
National Advisory Council in place
-
-
National Advisory Council in place & supporting Action Plan
implementation
Review of Project reports & NCTC reports
1.3 National PVE Unit in place to support community-level
engagement for preventing and responding to violent extremism.
Project reports
No National PVE Unit
2017
National PVE Unit in place
National PVE Unit providing technical support to partners in
Zanzibar, Tanga & Mwanza
-
National PVE Unit in place supporting community-level engagement
in at least three regions
Review of project reports & reports from the National PVE
Unit
1.4 Prison service supported to develop PVE strategy, and pilot
scheme implemented in target area prisons to identify and respond
to signs of radicalisation in the prison population.
Project reports
No PVE strategy in prisons
2017
Prison PVE Strategy developed
Pilot scheme implemented in prisons in at least one target
area.
Pilot scheme implemented in prisons in Zanzibar, Tanga &
Mwanza
Prison PVE Strategy applied in prisons in Zanzibar, Tanga and
Mwanza
Review of project reports
Output 2
Improved interaction between security providers and local
population in target areas.
2.1 Community-based policing strengthened in the project target
areas.
Project reports
Newspapers/media reports
TPF reports
Community-based policing in target areas
No PVE training curriculum for community policing
No Guidelines in place on youth and PVE
No PVE specific community projects in target areas
2017
PVE training curriculum developed
Guidelines developed
At least one PVE specific community project in three of the
target areas.
At least 6 consultations between law enforcement officials and
youth
At least one PVE specific community project in Zanzibar, Tanga,
Mwanza, Pwani, Lindi & Mtwara
At least 18 consultations between law enforcement officials and
youth
At least one PVE specific community project in each of the
target areas
Increased trust & collaboration between TPF & community
members
Guidelines developed
At least 24 consultations between law enforcement officials and
youth
Review of project reports, TPF incident reports & newspaper
articles.
Community perception surveys.
2.2 Operations and accountability of Special Forces improved in
target areas.
Project reports
Newspaper/media reports
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
2017
-
SOPs revised
At least 50 Special Forces trained
At least 50 Special Forces trained
Revised SOPs
At least 100 Special Forces trained.
Review of project & training reports
Output 3
Livelihood opportunities increased for “at risk” young women and
men in target areas.
3.1 Apprenticeship schemes for individuals established.
Project reports
Training reports
No apprentice schemes targeting vulnerable youth in target
areas.
2017
30 Craftspeople recruited
60 apprentices (one third women) trained
60 apprentices (one third women) trained
60 apprentices (one third women) trained
Certification and Accreditation system for apprenticeships in
place and applied
180 apprentices (one third women) trained
Review of quarterly progress reports and annual reports
3.2 Existing vocational training schemes and other
employment-generating projects scaled-up in target areas.
Project reports
TBD from mapping exercise.
2017
At least 20 vulnerable youth[footnoteRef:20] (one third women)
participating in vocational training schemes [20: Youth will be
identified through a mapping exercise at the start of the project.
]
At least 40 vulnerable youth (one third women) participating in
vocational training schemes
At least 60 vulnerable youth (one third women) participating in
vocational training schemes
At least 120 vulnerable youth (one third women) participating in
vocational training schemes
Review of quarterly progress reports and annual reports
3.3 National UNV scheme established of peer group mentors in
target area ‘hotspots’
Project reports
No UNV scheme for vulnerable youth.
2017
National UNV scheme established in Zanzibar, Tanga and
Mwanza
15 UNV peer mentors (at least one-third women) recruited &
trained
15 UNV peer mentors (at least one-third women) trained
15 UNV peer mentors (at least one-third women) active in three
target regions – Zanzibar, Tanga and Mwanza
National UNV scheme established in Zanzibar, Tanga and
Mwanza
Review of quarterly progress reports and annual reports
Output 4:
Responsible, quality and conflict sensitive news reporting
supported, and public awareness and dialogue around violent
extremism promoted.
4.1 Journalists trained in techniques for responsible reporting
of violent extremism.
Project reports
Media monitoring reports
No PVE relevant trainings available
2017
At least 50 journalists trained and mentored
At least 50 journalists trained and mentored
·
At least 100 journalists trained and mentored
Review of Project reports &
Media monitoring reports
4.2 National and local radio programmes to mitigate violent
extremism reach mass audience.
Project reports
Media monitoring reports
Audience feedback reports
No national & local radio programmes to mitigate violent
extremism
2017
At least one national programme produced
At least one local programme produced in each target area.
At least one national programme produced
At least one local programme produced in each target area.
-
At least one national programme produced
At least three local programmes produced
Review of Project reports &
Media monitoring reports
Community perception survey
4.3 Project communications strategy supports local and national
public dialogues.
Project reports
No communication strategy
2017
Communication strategy developed
Communications training for project partners held
At least one dialogue held
At least four dialogues held
At least six dialogues held
Communication strategy developed
Increased awareness among project partners on communicating on
VE
At least 11 dialogues held
Review project reports, training reports & dialogue
reports
Output 5:
Community resilience to violent extremism strengthened.
5.1 Voices of young men and women better represented in national
dialogue.
Reports of dialogue forums, media reports, project reports
Low levels of participation of youth in dialogue platforms.
2017
At least three youth groups trained
Youth dialogue for a established
At least three dialogues held in each of the target areas
At least two meetings held with the Parliamentary Youth
Caucus
At least three dialogues held in each of the target areas
50% increased level of participation of youth (one third women)
in national dialogues
Review of quarterly progress reports, dialogue reports, surveys
and annual report
5.2 Religious dialogue facilitated, governance and community
engagement of religious institutions at community level
strengthened.
Reports of dialogue forums, media reports, project reports
Dialogue platforms established; No approved curricula
2017
At least three dialogues held
Approved curricula for madrassas developed
At least two dialogues held in each target area.
At least two monitoring visits in each target area
At least one dialogues held in each target area
At least one monitoring visits in each target area
25 dialogues held.
Governance mechanism of religious institutions established in
each target area.
Review of quarterly progress reports, dialogue reports and
annual report
5.3 Community early warning and response mechanisms for PVE in
place.
Early warning reports, project reports
No community early warning and response system.
2017
Community early warning and response mechanisms established
At least one training held in each target area for EWRG
members
At least four EWRG meetings held in each target area
At least one training held in each target area on the EWR
system
At least four EWRG meetings held in each target area
At least one training held in each target area on the EWR
system
Community early warning and response mechanisms established
& in use in all three target areas
Review of quarterly progress reports and annual report
Review of early warning reports
Output 6:
Understanding of violent extremism in Tanzania improved, better
managed, and applied to prevention and response efforts.
6.1 Study to support development of monitoring and evaluation
frameworks for national PVE effort in general, and for first phase
of the project
Project reports
Research papers
Lack of baseline data.
2017
Monitoring and evaluation framework established
-
-
M&E framework in place
Review of quarterly progress reports and annual report
6.2 Context-specific research undertaken to better inform
preparation of National Strategy and Action Plan 2018-2020.
Project reports
Research papers
Lack of data
2017
Community perception survey conducted
Gender study on PVE drivers/enablers
·
Community perception survey conducted
Comparative community perception survey
Gender sensitive research, analysis and sex-disaggregated data
on the drivers of Extremism Violence in Tanzania available.
National Strategy & Action Planned informed by
context-specific research
Review of project reports and research reports.
6.3 Web-based knowledge management platform established as key
resource for practitioners working on PVE in Tanzania.
Project reports
No web-based knowledge management platform on PVE
2017
Web-based knowledge platform established
Content uploaded on the platform at least once a quarter
Content uploaded on the platform at least once a quarter
Web-based knowledge platform established and updated once a
quarter
Review of project reports & web based platform
6.4Coordination mechanisms operational to ensure coherence of
overall national effort to prevent and respond to violent
extremism.
Project reports
Limited coordination mechanism
2017
Bi-annual coordination meetings held
Bi-annual coordination meetings held
Bi-annual coordination meetings held
6 coordination meetings held.
Review of project reports and coordination meeting minutes
Output 7:
Gender and women’s active participation across all efforts to
prevent and respond to extreme violence is promoted in
Tanzania.
7.1 Increased rate of women’s participation and leadership in
the counter violent extremism response and prevention effort.
Project reports
Community perception surveys
Low levels of women’s participation & leadership in PVE
2017
Training of women engaged in the National Advisory Council &
National PVE Unit
At least one training held in each target area
At least one national-level workshop
At least one training held in each target area
50% increase of women’s participation in PVE at national level
& in each target area
Review of project quarterly & annual reports
7.2 Capacity of Women’s civil Society organizations to prevent
and respond to violence extremism strengthened.
Project reports
Low levels of engagement of women on PVE
2017
Establishment of women’s network in all 3 target areas
At least one training held in each target area on the EWR
system
At least two trainings held in each target area
At least two trainings held in each target area
Women’s network established in each target area.
Participation of women’s CSOs in the EWR system
Review of project quarterly & annual reports
Review of training reports
Monitoring And Evaluation
In accordance with UNDP’s programming policies and procedures,
the project will be monitored through the following monitoring and
evaluation plans: [Note: monitoring and evaluation plans should be
adapted to project context, as needed]
Monitoring Plan
Monitoring Activity
Purpose
Frequency
Expected Action
P
