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  1. 1. : - . . . , , , , . , . , , . , , . , . , , , . . , , , , . , , , , . , , , .
  2. 2. 2 : ( - - ) , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , . . : ()
  3. 3. 3 , (), , , , . / , , . , , . , / . , , / . , , . , , , . , , , . , , . , , , , . : ) ) , , , . /: , ,
  4. 4. 4 . ( ) , , , ... . , , , , , .. , 6/4. :1. 2. 3. , , , , . . (, ). :, , , , , , .
  5. 5. 5 , , . ,, , , , , ..:Cycles in Naturehttp://www.hinduyuva.org/tattva-blog/2008/04/cycles/Nature sustains itself through cycles. Anything which attempts to disrupt this natural cyclicalprocess creates stress. Dont sleep for a night and you realize this the next morning. Dont breathefor a few minutes and it may be too late to realize! In fact, there is no sustainable linear process inNature. This is true for any system, including economic and political. Many linear systems havebeen tried and have failed. After indulging in Use and Throw mentality for several decades, theworld now understands the importance of recycling, using renewable sources of energy etc. Youcannot continue to consume forever without recycling. After indulging in irrational spending forthe past 60 years and running up trade deficits of over 9 trillion dollars, Americans now realize thevalue of saving. You cannot continue to spend without ever saving. If a country terrorizes others,terror gets back to them. Cycles are everywhere. Yet, each time we ignore this fundamentalreality of Nature, we make a mistake.http://translate.google.gr/translate?hl=el&langpair=en%7Cel&u=http://www.s-cool.co.uk/gcse/chemistry/the-earth-and-the-atmosphere/revise-it/cycles-in-nature http://translate.google.gr/translate?hl=el&langpair=en%7Cel&u=http://chalk.richmond.edu/education/projects/webunits/cycles/ , . http://www.edutv.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1308&Itemid=73 : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGEmEa_OYco&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=okZBiy_IdBA&feature=related : .. , , , , , , Mantou, .., .
  6. 6. 6 . (1 2) (3 4) - ( ). ( ), , . , . 1 / 1 ; 1 3 (1 - 1 3 ) / . , 1.338.000.000 -- 96,5
  7. 7. 7& , & 24.064.000 68,71,74 23.400.000--1,7 10.530.000 30,10,7612.870.000-- 0,94 16.500 0,05 0,001 & 300.0000,86 0,022176.400 --0,01391.000 0,26 0,007 85.400--0,00612.900 0,04 0,001 11.470 0,03 0,00082.1200,006 0,0002 1.1200,003 0,00011.386.000.000- 100: Gleick, P. H., 1996: Water resources. In Encyclopedia of Climate andWeather, ed. by S. H. Schneider, Oxford University Press, New York. (2 - 1 3 ) , . :. . , .. .. .. , http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/reaction/bonding1.swf
  8. 8. 8 : / 1 2 325// : . - , .
  9. 9. 9 : (1 2, 3 4) -, - . ( ) 2/3 , 97% . 1.350 . , 3% , . 1% . , , . , , , .. , (). , , , . ,, , .. , , . . , . . 2 ; 1 3 (1 - 1 43 ) . (Big-Bag) . , , , . 3000C . , . , . , . . , .
  10. 10. 10 , , . , , , , . 5 , , . , . , : , . . , , . , , . , , , , . . 3 , . 1 3 (2 - 1 3 ) . . . , 6 . .. . . , , , : , .
  11. 11. 11 . , , . , , , . , . , , , , , . . , . (), , , . . , , , , . . , , , , , , , . , (.. ) , , (15 ) BernardPalissy (16 ), . . , , , . 17 , , . (, , ) , .
  12. 12. 12 : 2 3 . - , . : (1 2, 3 4) -, - . 4 () ; 1 3 (1 - 1 3 ) ( ) . . (2 - 1 3 ) ( ). : http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter. .
  13. 13. 13 : - , . (1 2, 3 4) -, - . ( ). , , . . , . , , , . . 5 , ; 1 3 (1 - 1 3 ) . . : 1. . 70% . 2. , (98,2%). . (, ) . (, , , ) .
  14. 14. 14 3. . H2O. , , 1050 . , . 10-50 . 0 C ( , ().http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=57Ice and Hydrogen Bonding . : ) , ) . 100C . 4. ( ). , 1C. , , , . 5. ( ). , ( ) (, ) . 595.9cal/g(=2.5x106 J/Kg). . 23% .
  15. 15. 15, . . 6. ( ). . : ) ( , ..). ) , . ( ) , , , .). ) , , , ( ) . ) . 7. . , , . 8. . , , , , . , . . . , , . .http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=57The Jesus Lizard
  16. 16. 16 (2 - 1 3 ) . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. . . 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. / - . . . . . ( ) 4 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/minh.jihngu-71370-colour-collision-amazing-water-drops- doina-special-pictures-new-photos-art-powerpoint-effects-nice-muller-digital-1206359041253380-4- entertainment-ppt/ : - , . (1 2, 3 4) -, - .
  17. 17. 17 6 1 3 (1 - 1 3 ) , . . - ( ); - ; - , ; - ; (2 - 1 3 ) . : -- --, . , . H .
  18. 18. 18 , , . , , . , , , . , . . , , , . ( ) , , , . . , . , , , . . , . 500 . . : - , . (1 2, 3 4) -, - . : () , . 7 ; 1 3 : . .
  19. 19. 19 . , , . (1 - 1 3 ) Petri , 1. ;2. ;3. ;4. ;5. ;6. ;7. ; ;8. , . ( ) (2 - 1 3 ) ( )
  20. 20. 2060 () , , , () , (.. ) , :1. , , () 1 2 (! ) 1 2 32. (, ) 33. () 40-60 ( 4). ( 5 ). 5 4 5 6 4. ( ) 7 . ( 6) 7 8 95. (). . , . . ( 7, 8, 9)
  21. 21. 216. () . ( 10) 10 11 12 7. () (), , . ( () ) ( 11, 12) 8. . 9. (), ( ). . 10. (). . 11. .
  22. 22. 22 (1 - 1 3 ) & 1. , . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . ;
  23. 23. 23 7. (, ) . ; (2 - 1 3 ) 2 1 ; 2 4 (1 - 2 4 ) : : ) , ) ) ; (2 - 2 4 ) . ,
  24. 24. 24 , . , . , , - - , . , , , . 6.390Gm3/ ( 21% ). ( 12% ) . ( ) . , ( ). 6.6 Kg , 36Kg 1551Kg ( ). 2 ; ; 2 4 (1 - 2 4 ) . : , ( ) . . , . unda. () ( ) .
  25. 25. 25 , . (2 - 2 4 ) . http://www.schools.ac.cy/constantinoupoleos-dim/13-ergasies2009-10/st2/st2-paroimies- nero.htm http://www.paidika.gr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2296&Itemid=83 ; () : : : : : / : , : : : : : 3 ; 2 4 (1 - 2 4 ) . : : aqua () : water () : eau () : wasser () : BOA () : acqua () : vand () : agua () : BOA ()
  26. 26. 26 : water () : Uj () : () : ( ) : vesi : gua : vatten : viz : Aigua : Air : Mizu (2 - 2 4 ) . . , . ,