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Importance
• Which of the following Presidents is viewed as the least Progressive
A. Theodore Roosevelt B. William Taft C. Woodrow Wilson D. None of the above
Roosevelt: THE MODERN PRESIDENT
• Roosevelt - youngest president
• Established as a modern president – influence the media – shape legislation
CFU: What was Roosevelt able to create? What is the modern President? Pair Share: Does this idea still key in being a President?
TRUSTBUSTING • Trusts – legal bodies
created to hold stock in many companies – – By 1900, controlled 80% of
U.S. industries
• Roosevelt filed 44 antitrust suits – Under Sherman Antitrust
Act
CFU: What is a trust? How many did Roosevelt bust? Why does America dislike trusts?
Legislation • The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
– Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • cleaner conditions for meatpacking
plants • Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906
– halted the sale of contaminated foods and medicines
– called for truth in labeling
• Environmental Protection – conservation a primary concern of his
administration – national park system
CFU: What was created in response to The Jungle?
ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL RIGHTS
• Failed to support Civil Rights for African Americans – Supported individuals
• Booker T. Washington • The NAACP had 6,000 members
by 1914 – Goal - full equality among the races – Use the court system
CFU: What was Roosevelt’s view of civil rights? Pair Share: What effect would this have on the move towards equality?
PROGRESSIVISM UNDER PRESIDENT TAFT
• Among his accomplishments, Taft “busted” 90 trusts during his 4 years in office
• Increased Tariffs on foreign goods
Taft, right, was Roosevelt’s War Secretary
CFU: What was Taft known for?
WILSON’S NEW FREEDOM: CLAYTON ANTITRUST ACT
• In 1914 Congress enacted the Clayton Antitrust Act – prevented companies from
acquiring stock from another company (Anti-monopoly)
• The Act also supported workers unions
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION FORMED
• The FTC was formed in 1914 to serve as a “watchdog” agency to end unfair business practices
• The FTC protects consumers from business fraud Today the FTC has been working on
protecting consumers from ID theft
CFU: What was the goal of the FTC? Pair Share: How does this fit into the Progressive movement?
FEDERAL INCOME TAX ARRIVES
• Wilson worked hard to lower tariffs, however that lost revenue had to be made up
• Ratified in 1916, the 16th Amendment legalized a graduated federal income tax
CFU: What was the goal of the 16th Amendment? Pair Share: How does this fit into the Progressive movement?
LIMITS OF PROGRESSIVISM • Progressive era was
responsible for important reforms – failed to make gains
for African Americans • Like Roosevelt and
Taft, Wilson retreated on Civil Rights once in office
The KKK reached a membership of 4.5 million in the 1920s
ELECTION REFORM
• Citizens fought for, and won, – secret ballots
• voters marked their ballots while standing in a walled or curtained booth.
– referendum votes • vote on whether or not to pass
a law that was created by non-politicians.
• Prop 19, Prop 8 – Recall
• remove elected officials by forcing a new election before their term was over.
• Schwarzenegger – Initiatives
• A bill created by citizens instead of lawmakers. Allows citizens to create laws instead of always having to rely on politicians to make them.
• Prop 19, Prop 8 • In 1899, Minnesota passed the
first statewide primary system
CFU: What is a secret ballot? What is a referendum? What is an initiative? Pair Share: How would these changes lead to better voting of the citizens in
DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS • Before 1913, each
state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators
• Force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators
• As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)
CFU: Who chose the senators? What was the 17th Amendment? Pair Share: How do you believe the 17th Amendment would change representation?
Importance • The initiative, referendum, and recall
election were reforms seen as ways to A. limit government regulation of the
press. B. limit the role of the Supreme Court in
constitutional issues. C. increase citizen participation in the
political process. D. increase the influence of major political
parties.
Importance
• Which of the following Presidents is viewed as the least Progressive
A. Theodore Roosevelt B. William Taft C. Woodrow Wilson D. None of the above
Closure • What progressive issue did President
Theodore Roosevelt implement in law?
• A He established and enforced anti–trust laws.
• B He established the Meat Inspection Act.
• C He established the Selective Service Act.
• D Both A and B
Closure
• Which president was the first and greatest supporter of the Progressive Movement?
• A Franklin D. Roosevelt • B Calvin Coolidge • C Theodore Roosevelt • D Harry Truman
Closure
• All of the following were accomplished during Theodore Roosevelt’s administrations EXCEPT
• (1 point) • the breaking up of Trusts. • The completion of the Panama Canal. • The passage of the Pure Food and
Drug Act. • The passage of environmental
Closure • President Roosevelt’s progressive
record included all of the following except
A. establishment of the Federal Reserve System.
B. regulation of food and drugs. C. conservation of forest lands. D. breakup of several trusts deemed
harmful to the public.
Closure
• In The Jungle , Upton Sinclair exposed A. dangers faced by coal miners. B. corrupt business practices of the
Standard Oil Company. C. unsanitary conditions in the meat-
packing industry. D. illegal deals between special interests
and the government.
Closure
• The law that required truthful labels was the
A. Pure Food and Drug Act. B. Meat Inspection Act. C. Sherman Antitrust Act. D. Interstate Commerce Act.