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Theodore R
oosevelt
Theodore R
oosevelt
1.T
heodore Roosevelt (1858-1919)
a.C
hildhood
i.B
orn into extreme w
ealthin N
ew Y
ork City
ii.Started out w
eak&
in poor health
1.H
ad severe asthma
(not expected to live past age 5)
2.W
ould partially lose sightin boxing m
ishap
3.F
ather stressed physical fitness(built him
a gym)
iii.L
ifelong advocate of sports and mental activity
iv.E
ducated by tutors
v.G
raduated from H
arvard, which he entered at age 17
Young Teddy
Theodore R
oosevelt
a.P
ersonal Life
i.F
atherdied w
hile TR
was at college (heartbroken)
ii.In 1884 his w
ifeand his m
otherdied on the sam
e day
1.B
aby daughter = A
lice
iii.1884-1886 (T
he Grieving
Period)
1.W
ent to live in Dakota B
adlands
2.B
ecame a respected rancher
& conservationist
iv.1886-m
arried childhood sweetheart
(Edith) &
had 5m
ore kids.
Edith R
oosevelt
Theodore R
oosevelt
c.E
arly Career
i.E
lected to the New
York State L
egislatureat age 24
ii.B
ecame a police
comm
issioner in NY
C
iii.B
ecame A
ssistant Secretary of the Navy
in 18971.
Quit in 1898 to fight in the Spanish-A
merican
War in C
uba 2.
Fam
ous for leading his “Rough R
iders” up San Juan Hill
3.D
ue to this war, the U
S acquired Guam
, the Philippines, and
Puerto R
ico
iv.B
ecame (R
) Governor
of New
York in 1899
1.A
ttacked corruptionand m
ade many enem
ies2.
Made a nam
e as a progressivereform
er
Theodore R
oosevelt
d.R
oad to Presidency
i.1900 –
Chosen as M
cKinley’s
V-P
running mate
1.N
ew Y
ork’s Conservative (R
’s) supported his nomination
2.F
elt safe w/T
R in this “do-nothing” job. (H
armless)
i.1901-M
cKinley
was shot
and killed; TR
becomes president at age 42
McK
inley & R
oosevelt
McK
inley Assassination
ZM
cKinley w
as shot twice
by Leon C
zolgosz
ZL
eon Czolgosz w
as an anarchist
ZM
cKinley died 8 days
later
ZTeddy R
oosevelt became
the next president
Theodore R
oosevelt
e.P
residential Stylei.
Playful, fun, dram
atic, loved the pressand the public
ii.E
xpanded presidential power
and controlled Congress
iii.“B
ig Governm
ent” is needed to regulate “Big B
usiness”
Theodore R
oosevelt
f.T
he SquareD
eal: Program
for helping the comm
on man
i.Som
e said he was a “traitor
to his own class”
ii.Settled C
oalStrike of 1902
1.T
R forced ow
ners to negotiatew
ith the union
2.T
R threatened to use the arm
yto run the m
ines
3.W
orkers made gains w
ith government
on their side (rare)
Theodore R
oosevelt
iii.W
orked to break up monopolies
& end special privilege
1.N
ickname: “trust-buster”
2.U
sed Sherman
Anti-T
rustA
ct to break up the N
orthern Securitiesrailroad m
onopoly (JP M
organ)
3.Started suits against Standard
Oil and U
.S.Steel
4.Signed E
lkinsA
ct ending railroad rebatepractice
“Trust B
uster”
Theodore R
oosevelt
iv.Social L
egislation
1.P
ushed passage of health laws (influenced by U
pton Sinclair)
2.E
x: Meat
Inspection Act &
Pure F
ood&
Drug
Act
3.C
onservation –set aside 240
million acres as protected public
lands
Theodore R
oosevelt
7.F
oreign Affairs
i.1906-W
on NobelP
eace Prize for m
ediatingR
usso-Japanese Peace
ii.B
ig StickD
iplomacy-“Speak softly
and carry a big stick”
1.K
eep peace through power
& preparedness
2.Sent “G
reat White
Fleet” on w
orld tour as show of U
S strength
a.T
R w
as a “Warrior
without a w
ar”
1.C
reated Roosevelt C
orollary to the Monroe
Doctrine
2.F
reed Panam
a from C
olombia
to secure land needed to build the P
anama
Canal (T
R’s “B
ig Ditch” opened in 1914)
Big Stick D
iplomacy
Panam
a Canal
Panam
a Canal
Theodore R
oosevelt
g.L
ife after Presidency
i.1909-T
R is replaced by close friend W
illiam H
. Taft
and travels the world
ii.T
R w
as only 50and not ready to quit politics
iii.1912-T
ried to run as Progressive “B
ull Moose” candidate but fails
iv.1914-1917-
TR
encourages US entry into W
WI
even offering to fight
v.1919-T
F died
while preparing to run in 1920 election
William
H. T
aft
William
H. T
aft
2.W
illiam H
. Taft (1857-1930)
a.C
hildhood & E
arly Life
i.B
orn into wealthy
Ohio fam
ily
ii.A
dmired his father
---> law
yer, judge, Attorney G
eneral, Sec. of War
iii.E
ducated in lawat Y
aleU
niversity
iv.D
ream --->
to become C
hief Justiceof the U
S Supreme
Court
William
H. T
aft
c.R
oad to Presidency
i.1908-H
and pickedby T
R as successor
1.D
oubted his own qualifications (driven by w
ife’sam
bitions)
2.Supported at first; T
R believed T
aft would continue his reform
s
ii.T
aft would prove him
self more conservative
than TR
or Wilson
William
H. T
aft
d.Successes as P
resident (R) 1909-1913
i.A
dded more land to public parks
& forests
(not as much as T
R)
ii.B
roke up more than 90
monopolies, including Standard
Oil in 1911
iii.Set up the D
ept. of Labor
& B
ureau of Mines
to protect workers
iv.Supported the passage of the 16
thand 17
thA
mendm
ents
v.E
stablished the 8hour day for governm
ent workers
William
H. T
aft
e.C
aused Split Betw
een Progressives &
Conservative R
epublicansi.
Signed Payne-A
ldrich Tariff A
ct ---> raised
tariffs1.
Pleased big business
2.A
ngered progressivesand especially farm
ers
i.A
ppointed a Secretary of the Interior who:
1.F
avored industrialdevelopm
ent of wilderness area
2.W
as slow to preserve
public lands
i.T
Rbecam
e his #1
critic
Taft W
as More
Conservative
William
H. T
aft
g.E
lection of 1912 (3-Way R
ace)i.
Progressive (R
’S) supported TR
& C
onservative (R’s) supported T
aft1.
Taft w
ins the (R) nom
ination
2.T
R form
s Progressive B
ull Moose
party (split weakens R
party)
ii.(D
) Woodrow
Wilson
is elected and TR
is labeled “the spoiler”
h.1921-
named C
hief Justiceof the Suprem
e Court by P
resident Harding
i.Served until 1930
ii.C
onsidered it the “greatest honor” of his life
Election of 1912
Woodrow
Wilson
Woodrow
Wilson
3.W
oodrow W
ilson (1856-1924)
a.C
hildhoodi.
Born in V
irginiato a m
iddle–class fam
ily
ii.F
ather was a m
inisterw
ho provided his son with a strict
upbringing
iii.F
amily m
ovedoften (South)
Woodrow
Wilson
b.E
arly Career
i.G
raduated from P
rincetonU
niversity in 1879
ii.P
racticed law in A
tlantafor one year
iii.B
ecame professor
of law &
economics at P
rinceton
iv.1902-N
amed president
of Princeton U
niversity
v.1910-E
lected governor of New
Jersey
Woodrow
Wilson
a.P
residencyi.
Won 3-W
ay election of 1912
1.C
arried 40of 48 states, but just 40%
of the vote (minority president)
2.R
epublicans would blam
e TR
for Wilson’s victory
Election of 1912
Woodrow
Wilson
ii.Successes cam
e under his program called N
ew F
reedom
1.U
nderwood Sim
mons
Act (1913) low
ered import
tariffs
2.C
reated the Federal R
eserveSystem
to stabilize banking
3.K
eating-Ow
en Act curbed the use of child
labor
4.F
ederal Farm
Loan
Act gave farm
ers low interest
loans
5.W
orked for passage of Clayton
Anti-T
rustA
ct (1914) w
hich strengthened government’s ability to break up m
onopolies
iii.A
ll 4 Progressive E
ra Am
endments
(16th, 17
th, 18th, 19
th) went into
effect while he w
as president
Woodrow
Wilson
iv.W
ar broke out in Europe in 1914 (later called W
WI)
1.W
ilson called for US neutrality
(He w
as a pacifist)
2.1917-E
ntered war w
ith reluctance, saying we m
ust go to war to :
“make the w
orldsafe for dem
ocracy”
3.F
ocus would now
be on foreignaffairs
Woodrow
Wilson
d.T
o Be C
ontinued…
i.W
e will talk m
ore about Wilson in the next tw
o units:
1.W
orld War I
2.T
he 1920s