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8/13/2019 Programming Chapter 1 Week-c++
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FCS 0084 Programming Chapter 1
Introduction to C Week 1
Management and Science University 2
TOPICObjectives:
TOPIC
Objectives:
To introduce C language and its history
How to use the compiler for this course Writing and running a C program
Handling errors
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Introduction to C Week 1
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1.1IntroductiontoCLanguage
1.1 Introduction to C Lan
guage
Types of programming languagesTypes of programming languages
There are many different languages can be used to program a
computer.
The most basic of these is machine language. This is the natural
dialect of the computer.
Usually, a computer program will be written in some high-level
programming language, whose instruction set is more compatible
with human languages.
Most of these are general-purpose languages such as C.
A program that is written in a high-level language, however, must
be translated into machine languagebefore it can be executed.
This is known as compilationor interpretation
compiler
interpreter
C
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Introduction to C Week 1
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C is high-level language,
general-purpose programming language
History of CHistory of C
High-level language: instruction set is more compatible with human
languages
General-purpose: C, Pascal, Fortran, BASIC
Special-purpose: specifically designed for some particular type of
application.LISP, a list processing language that is widely used for artificial
intelligence applications.
main() { ... }
Find other special-purpose programming language
High-level
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Introduction to C Week 1
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C was originally developed in the 1970s by Dennis Ritchie,
at Bell Laboratories, Inc.and implemented on PDP 11
Dennis RitchieBCPL
It is an outgrowth oftwo earlier languages
B
By Martin Richards
By Ken Thompson
Typeless languagesUsed to create early version
of the UNIX Operating
System
C initially become widely known as the development language of the
UNIX operating system.
Note: Programmed Data Processor model 11 (PDP-11)
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Original C...
1980 ...
Traditional CClassic C
Kernighan and Ritchie C (K&R)
ANSI C
Standard C
ANSI:American National Standards Institute
K&R/ANSI C
Note:
Because C is a standardized, hardware-independent, widely available language,applications written in C can often be run with little or no modifications on a widerange of different computer systems.
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Advantages
of C Language
Small language - 32 keywords
Native language of UNIX
Used for systems programmingas well asapplications programming
Portable
Modular
Subset of C++
Efficient
Advantages
Systems programming: e.g., for writing operating systems
Applications programming: e.g., for writing a program to solve a complicated
system of mathematical equations, or for writing a program to bill customers
Advantages of C Language
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FCS 0084 Programming Chapter 1
Introduction to C Week 1
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32 ANSI C Standard Keywords
auto double int struct
break else long switch
case enum register typedefchar extern return union
const float short unsigned
continue for signed void
default goto sizeof volatile
do if static while
ANSI C Keywords32 ANSI C Standard Keywords
Note: C and C++ keywords
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Programming Preparation
A Compiler translates Source codeto Object codethat isexecutable.
On MS-DOS systems this compiled code is automaticallycreated in a file with the same name as the .Cfile, but with the.exeextension replacing the .C extension.
Source/Object CodeProgramming Preparation
Source Code: C Program
main()
{ }
Mycode.c
Object Code: Machine Language
10110 ..
01101 ..
...
Mycode.exe
How to run the object codefrom C prompt
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Editor/Compiler
Write, edit, save,
retrieve, ...
Translate program toobject code/
executable code
Borland Turbo C/C++integrate the Editor and the Compiler
C CompilerC Compiler
How to run the compiler ?
1. Change directory to
2. Type tc
3. Press ENTER
c:\tc\bin
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE
IDE
EditingWindow
SystemMenu
OutputWindow
Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE
Note: IDE :Integrated Development Environment
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE:
System Menu
Press Alt+F
Press AltorAlt+Red Character
to walk aroundthe system menu
Borland Turbo C/C++ IDE: System Menu
Menu A:Menu A:
Menu B:Menu B:
System Menu
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Getting HelpGetting Help
You can learn about the compiler through the online Help system.
Online Help
Select
to get
help
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Compile SuccessCompile Success Select Compile to compile
No errorNote:
You can ignore the warnings.
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Compile With ErrorCompile with error
Select Compile
to compile
Two syntaxerrors
Message Window
describes the
Err ors & Warnings
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10110 ..
01101 ..
...
How the compiler works
Source Code Object Code
Correct the syntax errors.
Correct the logic errors.
Edit/Modifyto meet system requirements.
Source/Object
main()
{ }
C / C++
Compiler
How the compiler works
Make sure to save your edited program before
recompile it.
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Basic C Program Structure
Every C program contains main function called: main()
Program execution start from this main function.
main(){ }
Type using text editor (from your compiler) Save with any name and with .cor .cpp
extension.
Compileandrun
main() functionBasic C Program Structure
main() function has two parts:
main( ){ ...}
(i) Head
(ii) BodyFunction
Note:
curly braces {}
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Program saved
with sample.cname.
EditingWindow
Is there anything you can see from your output window
Screen A:
Screen B:
Screen A:
Screen B:
Steps of compiling
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Program That Generate Output C ProgramProgram That Generate output
/* This is simple program that print a message*/
#include
main()
{
printf(C is my first programming language.\n);
}
Output:C is my first programming language.
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Descriptions
Program Descriptions
Descriptions/* This is simple program that print a message*/
#include
main()
{
printf(C is my first programming language.\n);
}
Anything written between the
/*and */is a commentand is
ignored by the compiler.
The line that started with#is
called as preprocessor directive. Here we have processor directive #includewhich include the stdio.hfile into source program. stdio.his one of compiler
components which called as header file or library file. In this example, we
include the stdio.hbecause this file define the printf()function.
Indicate the beginning of main program.
The printf()is one of the library function that defined in stdio.h
header file. printf() is an output function that prints the strings inside the
quotations.
Indicate end of main program.Note:
Any code/statements mustbe written inside thebody.
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What format you should follow ?Program FormatWhat format you should follow ?
/*
Name: ABDULLAH BIN ISMAIL
Subject Code: DIT 202
Class Code: FT007
Program file name:myprog.cpp
Purpose: Print simple message on screen
Start Date: August 31, 1999
Complete Date: August 31, 1999
*/
#include
main(){ clrscr();
printf(C is my first programming language.\n);
}
/* End of program: myprog.cpp*/
All your programming exercises should follow the format described below.
#include
main(){
printf(I love C language very much\n);
}
Comment that
describe theprogrammerand theprogram.
Comment toindicate the endof program.
Code withindentation.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/indent.ppt8/13/2019 Programming Chapter 1 Week-c++
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Introduction to C Week 1
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Header FilesHeader Files
Header File/Library Function
Header files contain definitions of library functionsand variables whichcan be incorporated into any C program by using the pre-processor #include
statement (see 1.4).
* Check yourcompiler on-line
help for further
details.
stdio.h
Header Files
conio.h
Library Functions
scanf()
printf()
:getch()
clrscr()
textcolor()textbackground():
Example:
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List of Header Files (41)alloc.h assert.h bcd.h bios.h complex.h
conio.h
ctype.h dir.h dirent.h dos.h
errno.h fcntl.h float.h fstream.h generic.h
graphics.h io.h iomanip.h iostream.h limits.h
locale.h malloc.h math.h mem.h process.h
setjmp.h share.h signal.h stdarg.h stddef.h
stdio.h stdiostr.h stdlib.h stream.h string.hstrstrea.h sys\stat.h sys\timeb.h sys\types.h time.h
values.h
Example:
Standard header files are provided with each compiler, and cover a
range of areas, string handling, mathematical, data conversion, printing
and reading of variables.
Note:Based on Borland Turbo C++ Compiler
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Library Functions from stdio.hclearerr fclose fcloseall fdopen feof ferror
fflush fgetc fgetchar fgetpos fgets fileno
flushall fopen fprintf fputc fputchar fputs
fread freopen fscanf fseek fsetpos ftellfwrite getc getchar gets getw perror
printf putc putchar puts putw remove
rename rewind rmtmp scanf setbuf setvbufsprintf sscanf strerror _strerror tempnam tmpfile
tmpnam ungetc unlink vfprintf vfscanf vprintf
vscanf vsprintf vsscanf
Example:
List of library functions from stdio.h header file.
Note:printf()- output functionscanf()- input function
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To use any of the standard functions, the appropriate header file should be
included. This is done at the beginning of the C source file. For example, to use
the functionprintf()in a program, the line
#include
should be at the beginning of the source file, because the definition forprintf()
is found in the filestdio.hAll header files have the extension .h and generally
reside in the /includesubdirectory.