Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Army 2020 Force … for Army... · Elizabeth Hoyt Fort Polk DPW/ENRMD NEPA Program Manager B.S., Biology 8 Monte Metzger Fort Riley DPW-E

Programmatic Environmental Assessment for

Army 2020 Force Structure Realignment

Chapter 5, Acronyms Chapter 6, List of Preparers

Chapter 7, References Appendix A, Summary of Economic Impacts

January 2013

Assisted by:

Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc. Gaithersburg, MD 20878

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Army 2020 Force Structure Realignment Programmatic Environmental Assessment January 2013

Chapter 5, Acronymns 5-1

5 Acronyms 1

Acronym Definition

AAFES Army Air Force Exchange Service ABCT Armored Brigade Combat Team ACP Access Control Points ACS Army Community Services ACUB Army Compatible Use Buffers ADNL A-weighted DNL AGL above ground level AICUZ Air Installation Compatibility Use Zones AIRFA American Indian Religious Freedom Act AIT Advanced Individual Training AMF Army Modular Force AQCR Air Quality Control Region AR Army Regulation ARAC Army Radar Approach Control ARC Army Reconnaissance Course ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act ASIP Army Stationing and Installation Plan ASP Ammunition Supply Point AST aboveground storage tank AWWU Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility BCT Brigade Combat Team BEB Brigade Engineer Battalion BfSB Battlefield Surveillance Brigade BLM Bureau of Land Management BMP Best Management Practice BRAC Base Realignment and Closure CAA Clean Air Act CAB Combat Aviation Brigade CACTF Combined Arms Collective Training Facility CALFEX Combined Arms Live-Fire Exercise CAPs Criteria Air Pollutants CCD Census County Divisions CDC Child Development Center CDNL C-weighted DNL CDPHE Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act CFA controlled firing areas CFR Code of Federal Regulations CH4 methane CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent CRM Cultural Resources Manager



CRMP Cultural Resources Management Program CSA Chief of Staff of the Army CWA Clean Water Act CWW Columbus Water Works DA Department of the Army DANC Development Authority of the North Country dB decibels dBA A-weighted decibel dBC C-weighted frequency DEIS Draft Environmental Impact Statement DFMWR Directorate of Family Morale Welfare and Recreation DMDC Defense Manpower Data Center DMR Dillingham Military Reservation DNL day-night average level

DoD Department of Defense DPW Directorate of Public Works DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office DSG Defense Strategic Guidance DTA Donnelly Training Area EIFS Economic Impact Forecast System EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMU ecological management units E.O. Executive Order EOD explosives ordnance disposal EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPACT Energy Policy Act of 2005 EPEC El Paso Electric Company EPGC El Paso Gas Company EPWU City of El Paso Water Utility

ERF Eagle River Flat ERP Environmental Restoration Program ESA Endangered Species Act ESMP Endangered Species Management Plan FAA Federal Aviation Administration FDU Force Design Update FNSI Finding of No Significant Impact FMWA Family Morale Welfare and Recreation FORSCOM Forces Command FRA Fort Richardson FRP Facility Reduction Program FWA Fort Wainwright FY Fiscal Year GDPR Global Defense Posture Realignment GHG greenhouse gas GHMTA Good Hope Maneuver Training Area GIS geographic information system gpd gallons per day gpm gallons per minute



GRTA Gerstle River Training Area H2S hydrogen sulfide HAP Hazardous Air Pollutant HET Heavy Equipment Transports HMA Housing Market Analysis HMMP Hazardous Material Management Program HMMWV High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle HWMP Hazardous Waste Management Program/Plan I- Interstate IBCT Infantry Brigade Combat Team ICRMP Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan ICUZ Installation Compatible Use Zone INRMP Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan IONMP Installation Operational Noise Management Program ISR intelligences, surveillance, and reconnaissance ITAM Integrated Training Area Management IUA Intensive Use Area IWTF Industrial Waste Treatment Facility JBER Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson JBLE Joint Base Langley-Eustis JBLM Joint Base Lewis-McChord JLUS Joint Land Use Study JRTC Joint Readiness Training Center KLOA Kawailoa Training Area KMA Keamuku parcel KTA Kahuku Training Area kV kilovolt kWh kilowatt-hour LBP lead-based paint Ldn day-night average sound level LFX live-fire exercises LOS Level of Service LRAM Land Rehabilitation and Maintenance LUA Limited Use Area LUPZ Land Use Planning Zone MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act MCoE Maneuver Center of Excellence μg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter µPa micro-Pascal MEB Maneuver Enhancement Brigade METL Mission Essential Task List mgd million gallons per day MGS Mobile Gun System MILCON Military Construction MIM Maneuver Impact Mile MLRS Multiple Launch Rocket Systems mm millimeter MMBTU million British Thermal Units



MMPA Marine Mammal Protection Act MMR Makua Military Reservation MOAs Military Operations Areas mph miles per hour

MPRC Multi-purpose Range Complex MS4 Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet MSL mean sea level MW megawatt N2O nitrous oxide NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Reparation Act NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NESHAP National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants NHPA National Historic Preservation Act NHL National Historic Landmark NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service NMS National Military Strategy NNSR Nonattainment New Source Review NOx nitrogen oxides NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRHP National Register of Historic Places NSR New Source Review NSS National Security Strategy NTC National Training Center NWI National Wetlands Inventory NZ Noise Zone O3 ozone OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration OU Operable Units PAL Privatization of Army Lodging PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls PCEs primary constituent element pCi/L Picocuries per liter PCMS Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site PCS permanent change of station PEA Programmatic Environmental Assessment

PEAFLW Programmatic Environmental Assessment of the Ongoing Mission – U.S. Army Maneuver Support Center and Fort Leonard Wood

PEIS Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement PHC Public Health Command PK15(met) peak sound pressure level PM particulate matter PM2.5 particulate matter whose diameter is less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers PM10 particulate matter whose diameter is less than or equal to 10 micrometers PN Project Number POLs petroleum, oils, and lubricants



POV privately owned vehicle ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million PRG Preliminary Remediation Goals PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration

PTA Pohakuloa Training Area

QDR Quadrennial Defense Review R Restricted Area RCI Residential Community Initiative RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCW red-cockered woodpecker RECONS Regional Economic System ROD Record of Decision ROI region of influence ROW right-of-way RTLA Range and Training Land Assessment Program RTV Rational Threshold Value RYFO Resumption of Year-Round Firing Opportunities SAC Small Arms Complex SBCT Stryker Brigade Combat Team SBER Schofield Barracks East Range SBMP Schofield Barracks Main Post SBMR Schofield Barracks Military Reservation SDWA Safe Drinking Water Act SFG Special Forces Group SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer SIC Standard Industrial Classification SIP State Implementation Plan SLUA Special Limited Use Area SMA Special Management Area SO2 sulfur dioxide SOx sulfur oxides SOPs Standard Operating Procedures SPCC Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures SUSBDE Sustainment Brigade SUA Special Use Airspace SWMP Stormwater Management Plan SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TAA Total Army Analysis

TAMC Tripler Army Medical Center TC Training Circular TCP Traditional Cultural Property TCFE Transportation Center Fort Eustis TDY temporary duty TFTA Tanana Flats Training Area TLEP Training Land Expansion Program TMDL total maximum daily load TPDES Texas Pollutant Discharge Elimination



tpy tons per year TRADOC Training and Doctrine Command TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act TVA Tennessee Valley Authority U.S. United States

UAS Unmanned Aerial System UIC underground injection control USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USAG U.S. Army Garrison USAG FWA U.S. Army Garrison Fort Wainwright USAG-HI U.S. Army Garrison Hawai'i USARAK U.S. Army Alaska USC United States Code USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture USFS U.S. Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service UST underground storage tank UXO unexploded ordnance VDOT Virginia Department of Transportation VEC Valued Environmental Component VOC volatile organic compound WMD weapons of mass destruction WWTP wastewater treatment plant YTA Yukon Training Area

1


Chapter 6: List of Preparers 6-1

6 List of Preparers 6.1 Installation Points of Contact

Name Installation,

Affiliation, or Organization

Role Degree Years of Experience

John Brown Fort Benning IMBE/PWE

NEPA Program Manager A.A., General Studies 11

Tracy Ferring Fort Benning IMBE/PWE

NEPA Analysis/Writer M.S., Environmental Science B.S., Major Geology, Minor Chemistry

4

John Barrera Fort Bliss DPW-E

NEPA Program Manager B.A., Biology 25

Ginny Carswell Fort Bragg DPW-E

NEPA Program Manager M.S., Agriculture 8

Gene Zirkle Fort Campbell DPW-E

NEPA Program Manager M.S., Biology 22

Deb Owings Fort Carson DPW-ED

NEPA Program Manager M.S., Biology 9

Cait Schadock Fort Drum PW Environmental Division

NEPA Program Manager B.A., Anthropology/Biology 25

Robert Drumm Fort Gordon DPW-E

Chief, Natural Resources Branch/ NEPA Program Manager

M.S., Biology 16

Kimberly Musser Fort Hood NEPA Specialist B.S., Communication 8

John Baker Fort Irwin DPW-E

NEPA Program Manager M.S., Ecology 22

Linda Serret Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson

NEPA Coordinator B.A., Environmental Studies JD

4

Stephen Strother Joint Base Langley-Eustis (Eustis) 733 CED/CEA/EE

NEPA Program Manager B.A., Geography 7

Bill Van Hoesen Joint Base Lewis-McChord, WA

NEPA Program Manager B.S., Forest Management 31

Mike Hasty Fort Knox DPW-EMD

NEPA Program Manager B.S., Geosciences 9

Carol Anderson Fort Lee DPW-E

Environmental Chief B.A., Geography 22

Dana Bradshaw Fort Lee DPW-E

Natural Resources Manager

M.A., Biology 27

Andrew Duggan Fort Lee Air Quality Program M.S., Environmental 12



Name Installation,



DPW-E Manager

Debbie Kilpatrick Fort Lee DPW-E

NEPA Program Manager 1800 Hours Professional Development

15

Corienne Reisch Fort Lee DPW-E

NEPA Intern B.A., Geography 1

Amy Wood Fort Lee DPW-E

Cultural Resources Manager

M.A., Archaeology and Heritage

15

Angela K. Rinck Fort Leonard Wood DPW Environmental Division

NEPA Program Manager M.S., Fisheries & Wildlife B.S., Biology

8

Elizabeth Hoyt Fort Polk DPW/ENRMD

NEPA Program Manager B.S., Biology 8

Monte Metzger Fort Riley DPW-E NEPA Program Manager B.S., Forestry 9

Alvin Char US Army Garrison, Hawai’i

Chief, Environmental Program

M.S., Public Health B.S., Biology

30

Lee Silverstrim Fort Sill DPW-Environmental Quality Div

NEPA Coordinator/ Solid Waste and Stormwater Programs Manager

Environmental Science 20

Amber Franks Fort Stewart/Hunter Army Airfield, DPW-Environmental Division

NEPA Program ManagerMBA, Business Administration

10

Melissa Kendrick Fort Stewart/Hunter Army Airfield, DPW-Environmental Division

NEPA Specialist/ Cumulative Impacts Analyst

M.S., Environmental Analysis and Management

15

Carrie McEnteer Fort Wainwright NEPA Program Manager B.S., Watershed Science 15

6.2 Army Environmental Command

Name Installation,



Mike Ackerman US Army Environmental Command

NEPA Program Manager

M.S., Conservation Biology

8

6.3 Potomac-Hudson Engineering Team

Name Installation,



Paul DiPaolo Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

EA Reviewer/Document Manager

B.S., Environmental Science and

2



Name Installation,



Policy

Robin Griffin Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

EA Reviewer M.S., Environmental Management B.A., English Composition

20

Jamie Martin-McNaughton

Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

Sharepoint Coordinator B.S., Geology-Biology

6

Robert Naumann Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

EA Reviewer M.S., Environmental Science B.S., Natural Resources

13

Melissa Sanford Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

EA Reviewer B.S., Meteorology B.S., Business Management

5

Rachel Spangenberg Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

EA Reviewer B.S., Biology 23

Debra Walker Potomac-Hudson Engineering, Inc.

Project Manager/QA/QC Manager

B.S., Biology 35





Chapter 7, References: 7-1

7 References 1

7.1 CHAPTERS 1-4.0 2

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Department of Defense (DoD). 2011. The National Military Strategy of the United States of 4 America. February 8, 2011. 5

DoD. 2010. Quadrennial Defense Report. February 2010. 6

DoD. 2012a. Defense Budget Priorities and Choices. January 2012. 7

DoD 2012b. Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense. January, 8 2012. 9

Odierno. 2011. General Raymond T. Odierno, Chief of Staff, United States Army Before the 10 Committee on Armed Services. United States House of Representatives First Session, 11 112th Congress on the Future of the Military Services and Consequences of Defense 12 Sequestration. November 2, 2011. 13

The President. 2010. National Security Strategy. May 2010. 14

U.S. Army. 2004a. Army Training Circular 25-8 Army Training Ranges. April 2004. 15

U.S. Army. 2004b. Army Training Circular 25-1 Training Land. March 2004. 16

U.S. Army 2005. Army Regulation 210-20, Real Property Master Planning for Army Installations. 17 May 2005. 18

U.S. Army. 2007. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for Army Growth 19 and Force Structure Realignment of the United States Army. Prepared for 20 Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC. Prepared by the U.S. Army 21 Environmental Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. October 2007. 22

U.S. Army 2007. Army Regulation 200-1, Environmental Protection and Enhancement 23 (December 2007). 24

U.S. Army. 2011. Army Field Manual 7-0 Training Units and Developing Leaders for Full 25 Spectrum Operations. February 2011. 26

U.S. Army. 2012. 21st Century Strategic Guidance. April 19, 2012. 27

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2002. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact 28 Statement for Army Transformation. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 29 March 2002. 30

7.2 FORT BENNING 31

Fort Benning. 2001. Environmental Assessment of the Integrated Natural Resources 32 Management Plan for Fort Benning Army Installation, Columbus, Georgia. July 2001. 33

Fort Benning. 2004. Final Environmental Impact Statement Digital Multi-Purpose Range 34 Complex. Directorate of Public Works, Fort Benning, Georgia. April 2004. 35

Fort Benning. 2008. Integrated Cultural Resource Management Plan. Fort Benning 36 Environmental Management Division. Fort Benning, Georgia. April 2008. 37

Fort Benning. 2010. 2009 Installation-wide Air Emissions Inventory (AEI). Fort Benning, 38 Georgia. 39



Georgia Forestry Commission (GFC). 2008. Prescribed Fire in Georgia. A Strategic Plan 2008-1 2010. 2

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2007. Final Environmental Impact Statement. BRAC 3 2005 and Transformation Actions at Fort Benning, GA. Mobile District. October 2007. 4

USACE. 2008. Final Biological Assessment for Proposed Maneuver Center of Excellence 5 Actions at Fort Benning, Georgia. Mobile District. October 27, 2008. 6

USACE. 2009. Fort Benning Maneuver Center of Excellence Final EIS. Mobile District. June. 7

USACE. 2011. Draft Final Environmental Impact Statement Fort Benning Training Land 8 Expansion. August 2011. 9

U.S. Army Medical Department. 2010. All About Martin Army Community Hospital (MACH). 10 Accessed November 29, 2010 at 11 http://www.martin.amedd.army.mil/meddepts/about.htm. 12

U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Census Quick Facts for Georgia and Alabama Counties Population 13 Density. Accessed October 13, 2010 at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/13/13053.html. 14

The Valley Partnership. 2008. Fort Benning Joint Land Use Study. May 2008. 15

The Valley Partnership Joint Development Authority. 2009a. Fort Benning Regional Growth 16 Management Plan Cusseta-Chattahoochee County Georgia 2009. Accessed October 17 19, 2010 at http://www.fortbenningandthevalley.com/regional_plans.php#map. 18

7.3 FORT BLISS 19

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Collins, E.W. and J.A. Rainy. 1994. Tertiary and Quaternary tectonics of the Hueco Bolson, 22 Trans-Pecos Texas and Chihuahua, Mexico. In Keller, G.R. and Cather, S.M., eds., 23 Basins of the Rio Grande Rift: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Tectonic Setting. Geological 24 Society of America Special Paper 291:265-282. 25

Danks, H.V. 1994. Regional diversity of insects in North America. American Entomologist 40(1): 26 50-55. 27

Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC). 2012. Active duty demographic profile [Excel File]. 28

El Paso Times. 2012. Sluggish Growth Predicted for El Paso in 2012. January 2, 2012. 29

Martinez, Carlos. 2012. Personal Communication. Chief, El Paso Independent School District 30 Research and Planning Department. 31

Parmenter, R.R. and T.R. Van Devender 1995. Diversity, Spatial Variability, and Functional 32 Roles of Vertebrates in the Desert Grassland. In: The Desert Grassland, P. McClaran 33 and T.R. Van Devender eds., 196-229. University of Arizona Press. Tucson, Arizona. 34

Parmenter, R.R., S.L. Brantley, J.H. Brown, C.S. Crawford, D.C. Lightfoot, and T.L. Yates. 35 1995. Diversity of Animal Communities on Southwestern Rangelands: Species Patterns, 36 Habitat Relationships, and Land Management. In Biodiversity on Rangelands, Natural 37 Resources and Environmental Issues Volume IV, N.E. West ed., 50-71. College of 38 Natural Resources, Utah State University. Logan, Utah. 39

Reinert, Scott. 2012. Personal Communication. El Paso Water Utilities Geohydrologist. 40 January 24, 2012. 41



Rodriguez, Eulalio. 2012. Personal Communication. Fort Bliss DPW engineer. January 27, 1 2012. 2

Schmidt, R.H. 1979. A Climatic Delineation of the ‘Real’ Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Arid 3 Environments Volume 2:243-250. 4

Texas Education Agency. 2012. Accessed July 25, 2012 at 5 http://mansfield.tea.state.tx.us/TEA.AskTED.Web/Forms/DownloadFile.aspx. 6

Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). 2011. Far West Texas Water Plan. 7 http://www.twdb.state.tx.us/wrpi/rwp/3rdRound/2011_RWP/RegionE/Word/ January. 8

U.S. Army. 1995. Force Structure Alignment, Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Finding 9 of No Significant Impact 10

U.S. Army. 2000. Fort Bliss, Texas and New Mexico, Mission and Master Plan Programmatic 11 Environmental Impact Statement. U.S. Army Air Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss. 12 Fort Bliss, Texas and New Mexico. December 2000. 13

U.S. Army. 2001. Fort Bliss Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan. U.S. Army Air 14 Defense Artillery Center and Fort Bliss. Fort Bliss, Texas and New Mexico. November 15 2001. 16

U.S. Army 2007. Department of the Army. Installation Operational Noise Management Plan -17 Fort Bliss, TX. U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine 18 (USACHPPM) (now the PHC). Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. February 2007. 19

U.S. Army 2010. Fort Bliss Army Growth and Force Structure Realignment. Final Environmental 20 Impact Statement. Directorate of Public Works- Environment. Fort Bliss, Texas and New 21 Mexico. March 2010. 22

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2007. Fort Bliss, Texas and New Mexico, Mission and 23 Master Plan: Final Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Fort 24 Worth, TX: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 25

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2004. Soil Survey of Fort Bliss Military Reservation, 26 New Mexico and Texas. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Washington, D.C. 27

7.4 FORT BRAGG, NORTH CAROLINA 28

Beaty, Robert. 2011. Personal Communication. Fort Bragg Airfield Manager. December 8, 2011. 29

Fort Bragg/Pope Air Force Base Regional Land Use Advisory Commission. 2003. Fort 30 Bragg/Pope Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study. Fort Bragg, NC: Environmental 31 Division. May 2003. 32

Fort Bragg/Pope Air Force Base Regional Land Use Advisory Commission. 2008. Fort 33 Bragg/Pope Air Force Base Joint Land Use Study Update. Fort Bragg, NC: 34 Environmental Division. March 2008. 35

Gioia, John. 2012. Personal Communication. Fort Bragg Directorate of Public Works First 36 Sergeants Barracks Program. July 16, 2012. 37

Jones, Coby. Personal Communication. Fort Bragg Directorate of Public Works Energy Program 38 Coordinator. December 12, 2011. 39

Locklear, Howard Mickey. Personal Communication. Fort Bragg Directorate of Public Works 40 Housing. July 2012. 41

Parsons. 2009. Long Range Component. Environmental Management Branch. October 2008. 42



Parsons. 2010. PEA for the Implementation of the Real Property Master Plan. Environmental 1 Management Branch. October 2010. 2

USACE. 2006a. Environmental Assessment. Implementation of BRAC 05 and Army Modular 3 Force Transformation Actions at Fort Bragg, NC. Mobile District. 4

USACE. 2006b. Fort Bragg 200-1. Environmental Quality. Installation Hazardous Waste 5 Management Plan. October 2006. 6

USACE. 2012. Draft Implementation of the Privatizing of Army Lodging Program at Fort Bragg, 7 NC. Mobile District. September 2012. 8

U.S. Army. 2006. Final Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact for the 9 Simmons Army Airfield (SAAF) Runway Improvements at Fort Bragg Military 10 Reservation, North Carolina. January 2006. 11

U.S. Army. 2007. Fort Bragg and Camp Mackall Integrated Cultural Resources Management 12 Plan 2007-2011. June 2007. 13

U.S Army. 2008. Grow the Army Environmental Assessment. Fort Bragg, NC: Environmental 14 Division. August 2008. 15

U.S. Army. 2011. Draft Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. November 2011. 16

U.S Government Printing Office. 2007. 36 Code of Federal Regulations Part 800. August 2004. 17

U.S Government Printing Office. 2007. Title 40, Volume 3, Section 52.21 Code of Federal 18 Regulations. July 2007. 19

7.4 FORT CAMPBELL, KENTUCKY 20

BHATE Environmental Associates, Inc. 2004. Environmental Assessment: Force Structure 21 Modularity Transformation Fort Campbell, KY. 22

Fort Campbell. 1999. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. 23

Fort Campbell. 2004. Environmental Assessment to Analyze Standard Practices for 24 Construction Projects in the Cantonment Area Fort Campbell, KY. 25

Fort Campbell. 2005. Range and Training Land Program - Development Plan Programmatic 26 Environmental Assessment. Prepared by Parson’s Engineering. 27

Fort Campbell. 2011. Real Property Master Plan. Web based plan accessed from the 28 installation internal NEC network January 2012. 29

U.S. Army. 1994. Environmental Assessment Rear Area Master Plan. Headquarters 30 Department of the Army, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) and Fort Campbell, Fort 31 Campbell, KY. 32

U.S. Department of Agricultural (USDA). 1975. Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of 33 Montgomery County, Tennessee. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 34

USDA. 1981. Soil Conservation Service. Soil Survey of Lyon and Trigg Counties, Kentucky. 35 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 36

7.5 FORT CARSON, COLORADO 37

Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), 2009. Colorado Springs 38 Carbon Monoxide Attainment/Maintenance Plan Revision. Denver CO. December 2009. 39



Fort Carson. 1980. Memorandum of Agreement Regarding Fort Carson Military Reservation 1 among Fort Carson, the SHPO, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. U.S. 2 Army, Fort Carson. November 1980. 3

Fort Carson. 2002. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan 2002-2006. Prepared by 4 Gene Stout and Associates, Fort Carson, CO. 5

Fort Carson. 2005. Fort Carson Utilities Study Expansion Plan through 2010. Prepared by Black 6 & Veatch. December. 7

Fort Carson. 2007. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan 2007-2011. Directorate of 8 Public Works, Environmental Division, Fort Carson, CO. 9

Fort Carson. 2009a. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Implementation of Fort Carson 10 Grow the Army Stationing Decisions. Fort Carson, CO and U.S. Army Environmental 11 Command, MD. Assistance by PHE, MD. February 2009. 12

Fort Carson 2009b. Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site, Real Property Master Plan Digest Update. 13 Prepared by HB&A. January 2009. 14

Fort Carson. 2010. Integrated Wildland Fire Management Plan, Fort Carson And Piñon Canyon 15 Maneuver Site, Department of the Army, 2010 DRAFT. Fort Carson, CO. 16

Fort Carson. 2011a. Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan. 2011. Directorate of Public 17 Works, Environmental Division, Fort Carson, CO. May 2011 18

Fort Carson. 2011b. Stormwater Management Plan. 2011. Update December 2011. Fort 19 Carson, CO. Prepared by AECOM Technical Services, Inc. 20

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U.S. Army Public Health Command. 2012. Installation Operational Noise Management Plan, 26 Fort Carson, Colorado. July 2012. 27

U.S. Army. 1995. Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Army Force Structure 28 Realignment. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. March. 29

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2002. Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement 30 for Army Transformation. Prepared by Tetra Tech EM, Inc. February. 31

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USFWS, 2010. Environmental Conservation Online System Species Reports [Web page]. 39 Endangered Species Program, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services, Arlington, VA. Accessed 40 at http://www.fws.gov/endangered/. 41

36 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Subpart B. Protection of Historic Properties. 42



7.6 FORT DRUM, NEW YORK 1

EPA. 2011. Environmental Protection Agency Green Book Nonattainment Areas for Criteria 2 Pollutants. Accessed on January 4, 2012 at 3 http://www.epa.gov/oaqps001/greenbk/ancl3.html. 4

Page. 2012. Personal Communication with Mr. Franklin Page, Air Quality Program Manager, 5 Fort Drum Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division, Fort Drum, New York. 6 January 4, 2012. 7

Snyder. J. 2011. Updated Recommendations for 2008 Ozone NAAQS Nonattainment Areas 8 October 26, 2011. Jared Snyder, Assistant Commissioner, Office of Air Resources, 9 Climate Change and Energy. Accessed January 4, 2012 at 10 http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/78158.html. 11

U.S. Army. 2000. Programmatic Environmental Assessment (PrEA) for Fort Drum, New York. 12 Prepared for Public Works, Environmental Division, Fort Drum, NY. Prepared by 13 Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. October 2000. 14

U.S. Army. 2007. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (PEIS) for Army Growth 15 and Force Structure Realignment of the United States Army. Prepared for 16 Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC. Prepared by the U.S. Army 17 Environmental Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. October 2007. 18

U.S. Army. 2010. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan (ICRMP) 2011-2015, Fort 19 Drum, New York. Prepared by the Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division 20 Cultural Resources Section, Fort Drum, NY 13602. October 2010. 21

U.S. Army. 2011a. Environmental Assessment for Stationing Actions to Support the Grow the 22 Army Initiative at Fort Drum, NY. Prepared for the Directorate of Public Works 23 Environmental Division Natural Resources Branch, Fort Drum, NY. Prepared by the 24 Environmental Planning Branch Environmental Quality Programs Division U.S. Army 25 Environmental Command, San Antonio TX. February 2011. 26

U.S. Army. 2011b. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan (INRMP) 2011-2015, Fort 27 Drum, New York. Prepared by Natural Resources Branch of the Directorate of Public 28 Works Environmental Division and the Integrated Training Area Program of the 29 Directorate of Planning Training, Mobilization & Security, Fort Drum, NY. April 2011. 30

U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USACHPPM). 2007. 31 Operational Noise Consultation 52-EN-06W7a-07, Operational Noise Contours for Fort 32 Drum, March 2007. March 27, 2007. 33

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2012. Biological Opinion on the Effect of Proposed 34 Activities on the Fort Drum Military Installation (2012-2014) in the Towns of Antwerp, 35 Champion, LeRay, Philadelphia, and Wilna, Jefferson County, and the Town of Diana, 36 Lewis County, New York on the Federally-Endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). U.S. 37 Fish and Wildlife Service, New York Field Office, Cortland, New York. February 2, 2012 38 at <http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/mammals/inba/bos/12_NY_FortDrum.pdf>. 39

White, J. 2012. Personal Communication with Mr. Joe White, Air Operations Officer, Fort Drum 40 Directorate of Plans, Mobilization, Training, and Security, Fort Drum, New York. January 41 6 and 20, 2012. 42



7.7 FORT GORDON, GEORGIA 1

CSRA Regional Development Center 2005. Partnership for Growth: Fort Gordon Joint Land 2 Use Study (JLUS). Prepared for Fort Gordon, Augusta-Richmond County, Columbia 3 County, Jefferson County, McDuffie County. Prepared by CSRA Regional Development 4 Center. August 2005. 5

Dwight D. Eishenhower 2011. Army Medical Center (DDEAMC), Military Health System (MHS) 6 Management Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2). 7

EPA 2009. Map of EPA Regions. Accessed June 2010 at 8 http://www.epa.gov/OUST/regions/regmap.htm. 9

EPA 2010a. EPA-Air Data Website. Accessed June 2010 at 10 http://www.epa.gov/air/data/geosel.html. 11

EPA 2010b. Green Book Website. Accessed June 2010. At 12 http://www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/. 13

Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GADNR). 2008. Water Quality in Georgia 2007-14 2008. Prepared by Environmental Protection Division, Atlanta. Available on line at 15 http://www.gaepd.org/Documents/305b.html. 16

Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT). 2008. Average Daily Traffic Counts, Richmond 17 County. 2008. Accessed June 16, 2010 at 18 http://www.dot.state.ga.us/GDOTSearch/Results.aspx?k=aadt. 19

Fort Gordon. 2006. Programmatic Agreement among the United States Army and the Georgia 20 State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) Regarding the Operation, Maintenance, and 21 Development of the Fort Gordon Army Installation at Fort Gordon, Georgia. June 2006. 22

Fort Gordon. 2008. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. U.S. Army Garrison, Fort 23 Gordon, Fort Gordon, Georgia. September. 24

Fort Gordon. 2009. Fort Gordon MS4 [Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit 25 (Approved]). State of Georgia, Department of Natural Resources, Environmental 26 Protection Division. January 15, 2009. 27

Fort Gordon. 2010. 2010 Air Emissions Summary. Fort Gordon Directorate of Public Works, Fort 28 Gordon, Georgia. 29

Fort Gordon. 2011 Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan. U.S. Army Garrison, Fort 30 Gordon, Fort Gordon, Georgia. January 2011. 31

U.S. Army. 2007. Army Regulation 200–1 - Environmental Quality Environmental Protection. 32

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2010. Final Environmental Assessment for the 33 Implementation of the Privatization of Army Lodging Program at Fort Gordon, Georgia. 34 Mobile District. September 2010. 35

University of South Carolina Aiken (USCA). 2011. The Economic Impact of the Savannah River 36 Site on Five Adjacent Counties in South Carolina and Georgia. The O’Connell Center for 37 Executive Development. May 2011. 38

7.8 FORT HOOD, TEXAS 39

Combs, Susan. 2012. Window on State Government, Fort Hood. Texas Comptroller of Public 40 Accounts. Accessed on July 30, 2012 at 41 http://www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/tif/central/indProfiles.php. 42



Fort Hood. 2007a. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan. Cultural Resources 1 Branch, Environmental Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Hood, Texas. 2

Fort Hood. 2007b. Endangered Species Management Plan for Fort Hood, Texas: FY06-10. 3

Fort Hood. 2007c. Fort Hood’s Title V Federal Operating Permit. 4

Fort Hood. 2009. Spill Prevention, Control, and Countermeasures Plan (SPCCP) and 5 Installation Response Plan (IRP). 6

Fort Hood. 2011. Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan. Natural Resources Branch, 7 Environmental Division, Directorate of Public Works, Fort Hood, Texas. October 2011. 8

Fort Hood. 2012. Mary Hammer. Talking Paper. 9

Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). 2011. Draft Environmental Assessment U.S. 10 190 from Spur 172 to Farm to Market 2410 Bell County Texas CSJ: 0231-03-103-0231-11 03-107. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Waco 12 District. June 2011. 13

U.S. Army. 2004. Environmental Assessment for Transformation to Modular Brigades and 14 Construction of Support Facilities at Fort Hood, Texas. 15

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation 16 Manual. Environmental Laboratory. 17

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 1977. Soil Survey of Bell County, Texas. U.S. 18 Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in cooperation with Texas 19 Agricultural Experiment Station and United States Department of the Army, Fort Hood, 20 Texas. 21

USDA. 1985. Soil Survey of Coryell County, Texas. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil 22 Conservation Service, in cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and 23 United States Department of the Army, Fort Hood, Texas. 24

7.9 FORT IRWIN, CALIFORNIA & THE NATIONAL TRAINING CENTER 25

California Department of Education 2010. California Ed-Data website. Accessed at 26 http://www.ed-data.k12.ca.us/Navigation/fsTwoPanel.asp?bottom=%2Fprofile%2Easp% 27 3Flevel%3D06%26reportNumber%3D16. 28

Fire Departments Net. 2010. Barstow Fire Protection District. Accessed at 29 http://www.firedepartments.net/California/Barstow/BarstowFireProtectionDistrict.html 30

Fort Irwin. 2005. August. Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Addition 31 of Maneuver Training Land at Fort Irwin, California. Volumes I and II. 32

Fort Irwin. 2006. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan and Environmental 33 Assessment, 2006 – 2011. 34

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2002. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact 35 Statement for Army Transformation. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 36

7.10 JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON 37

Alaska Community Database Community Information Summaries. 2012. at 38 http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm). Accessed August 1, 2012. 39

State of Alaska, Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) 2001. Wildfire Smoke, A 40 Guide for Public Health Officials. Accessed on January 10, 2012 at 41 http://www.dec.state.ak.us/air/am/smoke.htm. 42



ADEC 2010a. Alaska’s Final 2010 Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment 1 Report. July 15, 2010. Accessed at 2 http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/wqsar/Docs/2010_Integrated_Report_Final_201007153 _corrected_july_19.pdf. 4

ADEC 2010b. Alaska’s Impaired Waters – 2010. September 2010. Accessed on January 6, 5 2011 at http://www.dec.state.ak.us/water/wqsar/Docs/2010impaired waters.pdf. (last 6 accessed). 7

Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development (ADLWD) 2012a. Alaska Economic 8 Trends January 2012. Accessed on January 5, 2011 at: http://labor.state.ak.us/trends/ 9

ADLWD 2012b. Research and Analysis, Alaska's 100 Largest Private Sector Employers in 10 2010. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 11 http://labor.alaska.gov/research/lgstemp/lgstemp.htm. 12

Anchorage School District (ASD) 2012a. Maps, Elementary, Middle School, High School, and 13 JBER. Accessed on January 7, 2012 at 14 http://asdk12.org/depts/Demographics/boundary/. 15

ASD 2012b. 2011-2012 School List Anchorage School District - Anchorage Alaska. Accessed 16 on January 7, 2012 at http://asdk12.org/forms/uploads/School_List.pdf. 17

ASD 2012c. Summaries for 2011-12. Accessed on January 7, 2012 at 18 http://asdk12.org/depts/demographics/membership/index.asp. 19

Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility (AWWU). 2011a. Water Quality Reports. Accessed on 20 January 9, 2011 at http://www.awwu.biz/website/Reports/Reports_Frame.htm. 21

AWWU 2011b. Annual Reports, 2010 Annual Report. Accessed on January 9, 2011 at 22 http://www.awwu.biz/website/Reports/Reports_Frame.htm. 23

CH2M Hill 1994. Comprehensive Evaluation Report, Eagle River Flats, Fort Richardson, 24 Alaska. July 1994. 25

CH2M Hill 1997. Operable Unit C, Final Remedial Investigation Report, Fort Richardson, 26 Alaska. May 1997. 27

Dougan. 2011. Personal Communication with Mary Dougan, Community Planner, 673 28 CES/CEAOP, JBER AK. Emails dated December 1, 2, 28, 30 2011. 29

Dougan 2012. Personal Communication with Mary Dougan Community Planner, 673 30 CES/CEAOP, JBER AK. Email dated January 9, 2012. 31

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2011. National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 32 Accessed on December 1, 2011at http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html. 33

EPA 2012a. General Conformity, Basic Information. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 34 http://www.epa.gov/air/genconform/background.html. 35

EPA. 2012b. EPA website on Climate Change. Accessed at http://epa.gov/climatechange/ 36 emissions/index.html. 37

EPA. 2012c. U.S. EPA, National Priorities List, Final National Priorities List (NPL) Sites - by 38 State. Accessed at http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/query/queryhtm/nplfin.htm#AK. 39

Fowler. 2011. Personal Communication with Paula Fowler, Air Quality Program Manager, 673 40 CES/CEANQ, JBER AK. Emails dated December 27-29, 2011. 41



Fowler. 2012. Personal Communication with Paula Fowler, Air Quality Program Manager, 673 1 CES/CEANQ, JBER AK. Emails dated July 16 - 23, 2012. 2

Garner. 2011. Personal Communication with Chris Garner. December 2011. 3

Garrett, Theodore L., ed. 2004. The RCRA Practice Manual, Second Edition, American Bar 4 Association. 5

Gordon. 2012. Personal Communication with Mark Gordon. Emails dated January 4, 9, 17. 6 2012. 7

Griese. 2012. Personal Communication with Herman Griese. Emails dated December 2011 to 8 January 2012. 9

Haas. 2011. Personal Communication with Don Hass, JBER Water Program Manager. 10 December 28, 2011. 11

Installation Range Office (IRO) 2012. Personal Communication with the IRO at JBER-12 Richardson. January 11, 2012. 13

Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER) Brochure. No Date (n.d.). 14

JBER 2010a. Environmental Assessment for Military Housing Privatization, Joint Base 15 Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska. September 2010. 16

JBER 2010b. JBER Oplan 19-3, Environmental Management Plan. May 2011. 17

JBER 2010c. 2010 Updated and Interim JBER Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan 18 (INRMP). September 2011. 19

JBER 2011a. F22 Plus Up Environmental Assessment, Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, 20 Alaska. June 2011. 21

JBER 2011b. Cultural Resource and Probability Analysis of Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, 22 Revised-Final. October 2011. 23

JBER 2011c. Environmental Restoration Program (ERP), ERP Atlas. May 2011. 24

Mat-Su Agency Partnership 2011. Community Assessment. March 2011. Accessed on August 25 1, 2012 at http://www.mapartnership.org/community/CommunityAssessment2011.pdf. 26

Municipality of Anchorage (MoA). 2000. Anchorage Census Tract Demographics. Accessed on 27 January 6, 2012 at http://www.muni.org/Departments/OCPD/ 28 Sourcebook/CensusTractDemographics.pdf. 29

MoA 2004. Anchorage CO Maintenance Plan. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 30 http://www.muni.org/Departments/health/environment/AirQ/Pages/AirQualityPlanning.as31 px. 32

MoA. 2012. Anchorage Housing Market Analysis. Accessed on July 23, 2012 at 33 http://www.muni.org/departments/ocpd/planning/pages/default.aspx(last. 34

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 2010. Informal Consultation Correspondence 35 between Matthew Moran and NMFS. January 5, 2010. 36

NMFS. 2012. Northwest Regional Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 37 Interim Sound Threshold Guidance. Accessed January 2, 2012 at 38 http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Marine-Mammals/MM-sound-thrshld.cfm. 39

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 2008. Conservation Plan for the 40 Cook Inlet Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus leucas). Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 41



http://www.fakr.noaa.gov/protectedresources/whales/beluga/management.htm#conserva1 tion. December 2008. 2

Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) 2011. GeoBase – Geo Integration Office, 673 CES/CEPT. 3 Interactive GIS System. Accessed December 2011. 4

PACAF. 2012 . GeoBase – Geo Integration Office, 673 CES/CEPT. Interactive GIS System. 5 Accessed January 2012. 6

Parsons. 2009. Housing Community Profile Report (HCPR), Elmendorf/Fort Richardson, Alaska. 7 October 26, 2009. 8

Robinson. 2011. Personal Communication with Talmadge Robinson, Forester, 673 9 CES/CEANC, JBER AK. Email dated December 29, 2011. 10

Robinson. 2012. Personal Communication with Talmadge Robinson, Forester, 673 11 CES/CEANC, JBER AK. February 24, 2012. 12

Scudder. 2011. Personal Communication. Email dated March 11, 2011. 13

Scudder. 2012. Personal Communication with Jon Scudder. Email dated January 5, 2012. 14

State of Alaska 2012. Communities and Regions of Alaska. Division of Community and 15 Regional Affairs. Accessed on August 1, 2012 at 16 http://dcra.commerce.alaska.gov/ComBoroMap/CRMap.pdf. 17

Troyer 2012. Personal Communication with Nicole Troyer. Email dated January 6, 2012 to 18 January 11, 2012. 19

U.S. Army. 2007. Environmental Assessment: Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan 20 for the U.S. Army Garrison, Alaska. U.S. Army Garrison, Alaska. Final. January 2007. 21

U.S. Army. 2008a. Final Supplemental Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement 22 (SPEIS), Army Growth and Force Structure Realignment to Support Operations in the 23 Pacific Theater. Prepared by U.S. Army Environmental Command. July 2008. 24

U.S. Army. 2008b. Programmatic Environmental Assessment for Use of the M1117 Armored 25 Security Vehicle at Army Installations in the United States, Department of the Army. 26 February 2008. 27

U.S. Army. 2010. Army demographics, FY10 Army Profile. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 28 http://www.armyg1.army.mil/hr/demographics.asp (active duty component). 29

U.S. Army. 2011. Test and Evaluation Command Proposed Force Structure Actions Community 30 Impact Analysis. JBER, Alaska. Draft Final Report. October 2011. 31

U.S. Army. 2012. Army Ranks & Pay Grade. Accessed on January 7, 2012 at http://www.us-32 army-info.com/pages/ranks.html 33

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2000. Glacial Geology and Stratigraphy of Fort 34 Richardson, Alaska. April 2000. 35

U.S. Army Garrison (USAG) Alaska 2010. Range Complex and Training Land Upgrades Final 36 Finding of No Significant Impact and Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Fort 37 Richardson and Fort Wainwright. March 2010. 38

USAG Fort Richardson (FRA). 2005. EA for Conversion of the Airborne Task Force to an 39 Airborne Brigade Combat Team, Fort Richardson, Alaska. September. 40

U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK) 2002. Final EA and Finding of No Significant Impact, Range 41 Upgrade/Expansion Projects. Fort Richardson, Alaska. 2002. 42



USARAK. 2004. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Transformation of U.S. Army Alaska. 1 Vols. 1 and 2. U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Public Works: Fort Wainwright, AK. 2 Available at: http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/Transformation_EIS.htm. 3

USARAK. 2005. Environmental Assessment: Integrated Training Area Management Program 4 Management Plan. U.S. Army Alaska. 5

USARAK 2008. Environmental Assessment and Draft Finding of No Significant Impact Grow 6 the Army Force Structure Realignment. September. 7

U.S. Census 2009a. Value and Costs by State: 2009. Accessed on January 7, 2012 at 8 http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/construction_housing/homeownership_an9 d_housing_costs.html. 10

U.S. Census 2009b. Alaska and Anchorage municipality, Fact Sheet – American FactFinder. 11 Accessed on January 7, 2012 at http://factfinder.census.gov (2005-2009 American 12 Community 5-Year Estimates). 13

U.S. Census 2010a. Population Distribution and Change: 2000 to 2010. Accessed on January 14 6, 2012 at http://2010.census.gov/2010census/ 15

U.S. Census 2010b. 2010 Census: United States Profile. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 16 http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/2010_census_profile_maps/census_profile_201017 _main.html. 18

U.S. Census 2010c. Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. Accessed on January 6, 19 2012 at http://2010.census.gov/2010census/. 20

U.S. Census 2010d. The Older Population. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 21 http://2010.census.gov/2010census/. 22

U.S. Census 2010e. Population Finder, 2010 Census Interactive Population Search. Accessed 23 on January 6, 2012 at http://2010.census.gov/2010census/. 24

U.S. Census 2010f. 2010 Census Interactive Population Search, AK – Alaska. Accessed on 25 January 6, 2012 at http://2010.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=02. 26

U.S. Census 2010g. Census 2010, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. Accessed on 27 January 6, 2012 at http://2010.census.gov/2010census/. 28

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2012a. Natural Resources Conservation Service 29 (NRCS). Prime and Important Farmlands. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 30 http://www.ak.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/soils/ soilslocal.html. 31

USDA 2012b. NRCS. Permafrost Zones. Accessed on January 6, 2012 at http://www.ak.nrcs. 32 usda.gov/ technical/ permafrost.html. 33

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2011. 2011 HHS Poverty Guidelines. 34 Accessed on January 7, 2012 at http://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty/11poverty.shtml. 35

U.S. Department of Labor (USDL) 2011a. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Local Area 36 Unemployment Statistics (seasonally adjusted). Accessed on January 6, 2012 at 37 http://www.bls.gov/lau/. 38

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) 2012. Veterans Health Administration - Locations. 39 Accessed on January 7, 2012 40 http://www2.va.gov/directory/guide/division_flsh.asp?dnum=1. 41



USFWS. 2008. Birds of Conservation Concern 2008. U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and 1 Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Arlington, Virginia. 85 pp. 2 [Online version available at http://www.fws.gov/migratorybirds/ ] 3

Walker, D. A., S. A. Elias, N. A. Auerbach, and S. K. Short. 1997. Final Report Alpine 4 Biodiversity, Fort Richardson, Alaska. Department of Defense Army Legacy Resource 5 Management Program Project. DAMD17-93-J-3038. 95pp. 6

7.11 JOINT BASE LANGLEY-EUSTIS, VIRGINIA 7

Barry, P.; Birkett, C.J. and McDaid, C.L. 2012. The 2011- 2015 Integrated Cultural Resources 8 Management Plan Joint Base Langley-Eustis (Eustis), Document on file with the 733d 9 Mission Support Group Civil Engineering Division, Environmental Element, Fort Eustis, 10 Virginia. 11

Fort Eustis 2008. Final Environmental Assessment for Grow the Force 2008, Fort Eustis, 12 Virginia. July 2008. 13

Fort Eustis 2012. Draft Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan 2012-2017, Fort Eustis, 14 Virginia. Geo-Marine, Inc., Newport News, Virginia. 15

U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine (USACHPPM). 2007. 16 Installation Noise Management Plan for Fort Eustis and Fort Story, Virginia. Aberdeen 17 Proving Ground, Maryland. 18

7.12 JOINT BASE LEWIS-MCCHORD 19

Fort Lewis. 2004. Final Environmental Assessment for Fiscal Year 2005 Stationing Actions at 20 Fort Lewis and Yakima Training Center, Washington. 21

Fort Lewis. 2005. Fort Lewis Installation Operational Noise Management Plan. Prepared by the 22 U.S. Army Center for Health, Promotion and Preventive Medicine. September. 23

Fort Lewis. 2007. Fort Lewis Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. Prepared by 24 ENSR, Int. 2000 (last year approved). 25

Fort Lewis. 2010. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Fort Lewis Army Growth and 26 Force Structure Realignment. July 2010. 27

Fort Lewis. 2011. "Record of Decision, Fort Lewis Army Growth and Force Structure 28 Realignment." February 2011. 29

Joint Base Lewis-McChord. 2012. JBLM Regulation 95-1, "Aviation Flight Regulations." June. 30

U.S. Army. 2001. Final Environmental Assessment, Implementation of the Army Residential 31 Communities Initiative at Fort Lewis, Washington. Prepared by ENSR, Int. February. 32

U.S. Army. 2009. Army Regulation 420-1, Army Facilities Management. March 2009. 33

7.13 FORT KNOX, KENTUCKY 34

Fort Knox. 2008a. Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan. Environmental Management 35 Division – Directorate of Public Works. United States Army Garrison, Fort Knox. 36 October 2008. 37

Fort Knox. 2008b. Sunny Stone, Adam Smith and Ryan Murphy. Fort Knox Standards for the 38 Treatment of Historic Buildings. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. 39 Army Engineering Research and Development Center. Champaign, IL. July 2008. 40



Fort Knox. 2010. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan, FY 2010-2014. Manroop 1 Chawla, Adam Smith, Andrew Hamblin, Sunny Adams, R. Criss Helmkamp and Matthew 2 Rector. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineering 3 Research and Development Center. Champaign, IL. March 2010. 4

U.S. Army. 1995. Force Structure Alignment, Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Finding 5 of No Significant Impact. March. 6

7.14 FORT LEE, VIRGINIA 7

Army Stationing and Installation Plan (ASIP). 2012. Common Operating Picture Report. May 8 2012 9

Boling, Robert 2012. Personal Communication with Unaccompanied Personnel Housing Chief. 10 Directorate of Public Works. 11

Crater Planning District Commission 2010. Temporary Living Quarters Market and Fiscal Impact 12 Analysis. Alexandria, VA. Prepared by RKG Associates. Prepared for Crater Planning 13 District Commission. January 2010. 14

Fort Lee. 2005. Final Environmental Assessment Supplemental 49th Group Unit Stationing Fort 15 Lee, Virginia. Springfield, VA. Prepared by Versar, Inc. Prepared for Environmental 16 Management Office, Directorate of Public Works and Logistics Fort Lee, VA. February 17 2005. 18

Fort Lee. 2008. Growth Management Plan. Petersburg, VA. Prepared by RKG Associates. 19 Prepared for Crater Planning District Commission. February 2008. 20

Fort Lee. 2010a. Real Property Master Plan Environmental Assessment. U.S. Army Garrison 21 Fort Lee, VA. May. Colorado Springs, Colorado. Prepared by Colorado DataScapes. 22 Prepared for U.S. Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville. 23

Fort Lee. 2010b. Growth Management Plan Supplement. Petersburg, VA. Prepared by RKG 24 Associates. Prepared for Crater Planning District Commission. 25

Fort Lee. 2010c. Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan. Fort Lee Cultural Resources 26 Manager for US Army Garrison Fort Lee. 27

Hunter, Wendy 2012. Personal Communication with Residential Communities Initiative (RCI) 28 Government Liaison. Directorate of Public Works. Fort Lee, VA. 29

Morris, Dennis 2012. Personal Communication with Crater Planning District Commission. 30 Petersburg, VA. January 2012. 31

Royster, John 2012. Personal Communication with Master Planner. Directorate of Public Works. 32 Fort Lee, VA. 33

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2006. Final Environmental Impact Statement, 34 Implementation of Base Closure and Realignment (BRAC) Recommendations and Other 35 Army Actions at Fort Lee, Virginia and Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. Fairfax, VA: Prepared by 36 Tetra Tech Inc. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Mobile District. May 2006. 37

Wood, Amy. 2012. Personal Communication with Cultural Resources Manager. Environmental 38 Management Office. Fort Lee, VA. January. 39

7.15 FORT LEONARD WOOD, MISSOURI 40

Army Stationing and Installation Plan (ASIP). 2012. Common Operating Picture Report. May 41 2012. 42



Parker, Bryan 2012. Personal Communication with FLW Master Planner. Fort Leonard Wood, 1 Missouri. 2

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2003. FLW Integrated Cultural Resources 3 Management Plan FY 2002-2006. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research 4 Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory. 2003. 5

USACE 2006. Programmatic Environmental Assessment of the Ongoing Mission – U.S. Army 6 Maneuver Support Center and Fort Leonard Wood. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 7 Kansas City District. 2006. 8

7.16 FORT POLK, LOUISIANA 9

Delaney, D.K., L. Pater, R. Dooling, B. Lohr, B. Brittan-Powell, L. Swindell, T. Beaty, L. Carlie, 10 E. Spadgenske, B. MacAllister, and R. Melton 2002. Assessment of training noise 11 impacts on the red-cockaded woodpecker: 1998-2000. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 12 ERDC/CERL Technical Report 02/32. February 2002. 13

ESMC 2011. Joint Readiness Training Center and Fort Polk. 2011. Integrated Natural 14 Resources Management Plan Endangered Species Management Component. Deridder, 15 LA; Quantitative Ecological Services, Inc. 16

Fort Polk 2004. Fort Polk Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. Gene Stout and 17 Associates. July 2004. 18

Fort Polk 2005. Land Use Requirements Study. Fort Polk and USACE Huntsville Center 19 (Prepared by John Gallup & Associates and The Chosen Group). April 2005. 20

Fort Polk 2008. Real Property Master Plan Digest Fort Polk, Louisiana. Prefinal submittal. U.S. 21 Army Engineering and Support Center, Huntsville. September 2008. 22

Fort Polk 2010. Fort Polk Growth and Master Plan Environmental Assessment. JRTC and Fort 23 Polk, Louisiana. Directorate of Public Works Environmental and Natural Resources 24 Management Division. August 2010. 25

Fort Polk 2012. Fort Polk Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan. Gene Stout and 26 Associates. July 2012. 27

Joint Readiness Training Center. 2004. Fort Polk, Louisiana and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 28 Final Environmental Impact Statement for 2nd Armory Calvary Regiment Transformation 29 and Installation Mission Support, Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) and Fort Polk, 30 Louisiana and Long-Term Military Training Use of Kisatchie National Forest Lands. 31 Prepared by Tetra Tech, Inc. Fairfax, VA. January 2004. 32

Louisiana Site Selection 2009. Entergy, Louisiana Site Selection Center. Accessed on 33 February 28, 2012 at http://louisianasiteselection.com/SelectProfile.aspx. 34

USACE 2011. JRTC and Fort Polk Installation Operational Noise Management Plan. Prepared 35 for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Tulsa District. Tulsa, Oklahoma. May 2011. 36

U.S. Army. 1995. Force Structure Alignment, Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Finding 37 of No Significant Impact. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 38

U.S. Census. 2010: Census. 2000. U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census. Accessed 2/28/20012 39 at http://factfinder.census.gov. 40

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2002. Kisatchie Creek Watershed Resource 41 Management Plan. - http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/kisatchie/landmanagement/planning. 42

49 United States Code (USC) § 40103[b]; FAA Joint Order 7400.2G. 43



7.17 FORT RILEY, KANSAS 1

Abel, H 2007. Environmental Protection Specialist (Installation Questionnaire). April. Fort Riley, 2 Kansas. 3

Fort Riley 2005. Final Environmental Assessment for the Residential Communities Initiative at 4 Fort Riley, Kansas. October 2005. 5

Fort Riley 2006a. Programmatic Agreement Among Fort Riley, Kansas and the Kansas State 6 Historic Preservation Officer, for the Maintenance, Rehabilitation, Construction, and 7 Repair Operations at Fort Riley, Kansas. Environmental Division, Directorate of Public 8 Works. 9

Fort Riley 2006b. Operational Noise Consultation 52-ON-046Q-06, Aircraft, Small and Large 10 Caliber Weapons Noise Contours for Fort Riley, Kansas. January 2006. 11

Fort Riley 2010. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, Fort Riley, Kansas. 12 Environmental Division, Directorate of Public Works. 13

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2002. Final Programmatic Environmental Impact 14 Statement for Army Transformation. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 15 February. 16

U.S. Army 1995. Force Structure Alignment, Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Finding 17 of No Significant Impact. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 18

U.S. Department of Labor (USDL) 2012. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Local Area 19 Unemployment Statistics (seasonally adjusted). Accessed at http://www.bls.gov/lau/ 20

7.18 SCHOFIELD BARRACKS AND U.S. ARMY GARRISON, HAWAI’I 21

Belt Collins 1993. Schofield Barracks Real Property Master Plan. Prepared for USASCH. May 22 1993. 23

EPA. 1995. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Volume I: Stationary Point and Area 24 Sources. 5th Edition. (Supplements and updated issued, 1996-2011). (AP-42.) Office of 25 Air Quality Planning and Standards. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. January 26 1995. 27

EPA. 2009. Technology Transfer Network Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors- 28 AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume 1 Chapter 15: Ordinance Detonation. Accessed at 29 http:www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch15/index.html 30

Hawaii Department of Health (HDOH) 2001. Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 59: 31 Ambient Air Quality Standards. 32

Maly, Kepa 1999. Mauna Kea Science Reserve and Hale Pôhaku Complex: Oral History and 33 Consultation Study, and Archival Literature Research, Ahupua‘a of Ka‘ohe 34 (Hâmâkua District) and Humu‘ula (Hilo District), Island of Hawai‘i. Prepared for 35 Group 70 International. Kumu Pono Associates, Hilo, Hawai‘i. 36

Maly, Kepa and Onaona Maly 2002. OVERVIEW: EXCERPTS FROM–HE WAHI MO‘OLELO 37 NO KA ‘_INA A ME N_ ‘OHANA O WAIKI‘I MA WAIK LOA (KALANA O WAIMEA, 38 KOHALA),A ME KA ‘_INA MAUNA: A Collection of Traditions and Historical Accounts of 39 the Lands and Families of Waiki‘i at Waikoloa (Waimea Region, South Kohala), and the 40 Mountain Lands, Island of Hawai‘i (TMK Overview Sheet 6-7-01). November. 41

Maly, Kepa and Onaona Maly 2004. HUMU’ULA A ME PI’IHONUA: HE MAU’AINA MAUNA O 42 HAWAI’I, HUMU’ULA AND PI’IHONUA: LANDS THAT ADORN THE CHIEFS ON THE 43



MOUNTAIN LANDS OF HAWAI’I. A Collection of Native Traditions, Historical Accounts, 1 and Oral History Interviews. March. 2

Maly, Kepa and Onaona Maly 2005. “MAUNA KEA-KA PIKO KAULANA O KA AINA”, (MAUNA 3 KEA-THE FAMOUS SUMMIT OF THE LAND) A Collection of Native Traditions, 4 Hisotrical Accounts, and Oral History Interviews for: Mauna Kea, the Lands of Ka’ohe, 5 Humu’ula and the Aina Mauna on the Island of Hawai‘i. March. 6

U.S. Public Health Command (PHC). 2010. U.S. Army Hawai‘i Statewide Operational Noise 7 Management Plan. U.S. Army Hawai’i. Prepared by US Army Public Health Command 8 (Provisional). September 2010. 9

PRC Environmental Management, Inc. 1995. FY94 OMA PCB Testing, Replacement, and 10 Disposal of Electrical Equipment, Various Installations, Hawai‘i. January 17, 1995. 11 Pages 1-4. 12

U.S. Army 1995. Force Structure Alignment, Programmatic Environmental Assessment, Finding 13 of No Significant Impact. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 14

U.S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE) 2005. Wetlands of USARHAW, Executive Summary. 15 Island of O’ahu, Hawai‘i. Honolulu District. September. 16

U.S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC). 1998. Prevention of Lead Migration and Erosion 17 from Small Arms Ranges. U.S. Army Environmental Center’s Range IIX Team and U.S. 18 Army Training Support Center. 19

USAEC 2008a. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Permanent Stationing of the 20 2/25th SBCT. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. February 2008. 21

USAEC 2008b. Record of Decision for the Permanent Stationing of the 2/25th SBCT. Aberdeen 22 Proving Ground, Maryland. 23

USAG-HI 2004. SBCT EIS Final Environmental Impact Statement – Transformation of the 2nd 24 Brigade, 25th Infantry Division (L) to a Stryker Brigade Combat Team in Hawai’i. 25

USAG-HI 2008. Final Implementation Plan for Oahu Training Areas: Schofield Barracks 26 Military Reservation, Schofield Barracks East Range, Kawailoa Training Area, Kahuku 27 Training Area, and Dillingham Military Reservation. 28

USAG-HI 2010. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan, 2010‐ 2014, Island of Hawai‘i. 29 Pōhakuloa. Prepared for the Directorate of Public Works, Environmental Division, 30 Natural Resources Section. Prepared by the Center for Environmental Management of 31 Military Lands, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado. July 2010. XUSAG-HI 32 2011. Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Modernization of 33 Training Infrastructure at Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA), Hawaii. prepared by US Army 34 Environmental Command. 35

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) 2003a. Biological Opinion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 36 Service for Routine Military Training and Transformation of the 2nd Brigade 25th Infantry 37 Division (Light) U.S. Army Installations. Island of O’ahu. October 23, 2003. 38

USFWS. 2003b. Biological Opinion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for Routine Military 39 Training and Transformation of the 2nd Brigade 25th Infantry Division (Light) U.S. Army 40 Installations. Island of Hawai‘i. December 23, 2003. 41

USFWS 2008. Reinitiation of Formal Section 7 Consultation for Additional Species and New 42 Training Actions at Pohakuloa Training Area, Hawai‘i. 43



VanderWerf 2000. A Study to Determine the Effect of Noise from Military Training on the 1 Endangered Oahu Elepaio, Schofield Barracks Military Reservation, Island of Oahu. 2 Y. Ebisu & Associates and Will Chee-Planning, Inc. July. 3

7.19 FORT SILL, OKLAHOMA 4

Army and Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) 2011. Environmental Assessment for the 5 Construction and Operation of a Shoppette/Gas Station with Car Wash at Fort Sill. 6 September 2011. 7

Bennett, Andrew 2010. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Business and Operations 8 Division Chief. April 2010. 9

Brown, Chris 2011. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Energy Manager. December. 10

IMCOM–Central, District Information Summary. January 2012. 11

Fort Sill 2003. Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan and Environmental Assessment 12 2002-2006. November 2003. 13

Greene, Grady 2012. Personal Communication with the Fort Sill Hazardous Waste 14 Management Office Chief. January. 15

Langford, Clint 2012. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Fire Chief. January 2012. 16

Love, Cassandra. 2012. Personal Communication with Unaccompanied Personnel Housing 17 Manager. January 2012. 18

Picerne Military Housing, http://sillpicerne.com/news, January 2012. 19

Rhodes, Cathy. 2012. Personal Communication with Reynolds Army Community Hospital. 20 January. 21

Savage, Cythnia. 2012. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Cultural Resources Office. 22 January. 23

Silverstrim, Lee 2011. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Stormwater Manager. December. 24

Sherman, Scott 2011. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Environmental Division Air 25 Program Manager. December 2011. 26

Spencer-Ragland, Brenda 2012. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Family and MWR 27 Director. January 2012. 28

Thorton, Buddy. 2011. Personal Communication with Fort Sill Air Traffic Control Chief. 29 December 2011. 30

U.S. Army 2008. Army Operational Noise Contours, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, Operational Noise 31 Consultation No. 52-ON-09WM-08. June 2008. 32

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2008. Final Environmental Assessment for the 33 Residential Communities Initiative at Fort Sill, OK. Mobile District. January 2008. 34

U.S. Department of Labor (USDL) 2012. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Local Area 35 Unemployment Statistics (seasonally adjusted). Accessed at http://www.bls.gov/lau/. 36

7.20 FORT STEWART, GEORGIA 37

Fort Stewart 2005. Joint Land Use Study. Coastal Georgia Regional Development Center. 38 September. 39



Fort Stewart 2007. Integrated Natural Resource Management Plan Fiscal Year 2007 Review. 1 Environmental Division, Directorate of Public Works. September. 2

Fort Stewart 2008a. Final Environmental Assessment to Implement the Army Campaign Plan 3 Decision at Fort Stewart, Georgia. Environmental Division, Directorate of Public Works. 4 October. 5

Fort Stewart 2008b. Final Environmental Assessment to Implement the Renewal of the 6 Installation’s Integrated Cultural Resources Management Plan and Programmatic 7 Agreement for Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia. Environmental Division, 8 Directorate of Public Works. June. 9

Final Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision for Training and Garrison 10 Support Facilities Construction and Operation, Fort Stewart, Georgia. Environmental 11 Division, Directorate of Public Works. June. 12

7.21 FORT WAINWRIGHT, ALASKA 13

Andersen, R., J.D.C. Linnell, and R. Langvatn 1996. “Short term behavior and physiological 14 response of moose alces to military disturbance in Norway.” Biological Conservation 77: 15 169-176. 16

Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development 2002. Alaska Community 17 Database. Accessed at http://www.dced.state.ak.us/cbd/commdb/CF_BLOCK.htm. 18

Alaska Department of Fish and Game 2012. Species. State of Alaska, Alaska Department of 19 Fish and Game. Accessed at: http://www.wildlife.alaska.gov. 20

Alaska Fire Service and U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK) 1995. Inter-departmental support 21 Agreement Number 140138-95089-905. 22

Alaska Wildland Fire Coordinating Group. 1998. Alaska Interagency Wildland Fire Management 23 Plan. October 1998. Accessed on April 3, 2002 at 24 http://www.dnr.state.ak.us/forestry/pdfs/98AIFMP.pdf 25

Boreal Partners in Flight Working Group 1999. Landbird Conservation Plan for Alaska 26 Biogeographic Regions. Version 1.0. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska. 27 October 1999. 28

Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and U.S. Army 1994. Fort Greely Proposed Resource 29 Management Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement. 30

Doyon Utilities 2012. Welcome to Doyon Utilities. Accessed at http://www.doyonutilities.com. 31

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2009. Technology Transfer Network 32 Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors- AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume 1 33 Chapter 15: Ordinance Detonation. Accessed at 34 http:www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch15/index.html. 35

Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB) 2006. Final Joint Land Use Study. United States Army, 36 Fort Wainwright. United States Air Force, Eielson Air Force Base. Fairbanks North Star 37 Borough, Planning Department. July 2006. 38

Houlthuijzen, M.A., W. Eastland, A.R. Ansell, M.N. Kochert, R.D. Williams, and L.S. Young 39 1990. Effects of Blasting on Behavior and Productivity of Nesting Prairie Falcons. Pages 40 270-281. 41



Jorgenson, M. Torre, J.E. Roth, M.K. Raynolds, M.D. Smith, W. Lentz, A.L. Zusi-Cobb, and C.H. 1 Racine 1999. An Ecological Land Survey for Fort Wainwright, Alaska. CRREL Report 2 99-9. Prepared by ABR, Inc. Prepared for U.S. Army Alaska. September 1999. 3

Jorgenson, M. Torre, J.E. Roth, M.D. Smith, S. Schlentner, W. Lentz, E.R. Pullman and C.H. 4 Racine 2001. An Ecological Land Survey for Fort Greely, Alaska. ERDC/CRREL Report 5 TR-01-4. Prepared by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers: Engineer Research and 6 Development Center. Prepared for U.S. Army Alaska. February 2001. 7

Marcotte, J. 1991. Wild Fish and Game Harvest and Use by Residents of Five Upper Tanana 8 Communities, Alaska, 1987-1988. Alaska Department of Fish and Game: Juneau, 9 Alaska. 10

McKennan, R.A. 1981. Tanana, The Handbook of North American Indian: Subarctic, vol. 6. 11 Smithsonian Institution: Washington, D.C. 12

Price, K. 2002. Homesteads on Fort Wainwright, Alaska. Center for Environmental Management 13 of Military Lands, Colorado State University: Fort Collins, Colorado. 14

Swanson, D. K. and M. Mungoven 2001. Soil Survey of Fort Wainwright Area, Alaska-An Interim 15 Report. U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service. January 16 2001. 17

U.S. Army 2002a. Army Wildland Fire Policy Guidance. Assistant Chief of Staff for Installation 18 Management. Washington, D.C. August 2002. 19

U.S. Army 2002b. U.S. Army Alaska Regulation 350-2: U.S. Army Alaska Range Regulation, 20 Training. Headquarters U.S. Army Alaska, Fort Richardson, AK. July 15. 21

U.S. Army Garrison (USAG) Alaska. 2007. Environmental Assessment Construction and 22 Operation of a Railhead Facility and Truck Loading Complex. Fort Wainwright, Alaska. 23 August. 24

USAG Alaska 2007 - 2011. U.S. Army Garrison, Alaska. U.S. Army Garrison Alaska Integrated 25 Natural Resources Management Plan 2007-2011USAG Alaska 2009. Draft Fire 26 Management Plan, Donnelly Training Area, Alaska. Natural Resources Branch. 27

USAG Fort Wainwright 2011. Pamphlet 200-1: Hazardous Material Management Program. 28 Prepared for Department of the Army Headquarters, U.S. Army, Alaska, Fort 29 Wainwright, AK. May 2011. 30

U.S. Army Alaska (USARAK). 2004. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Transformation 31 of U.S. Army Alaska. Vols. 1 and 2. U.S. Army Alaska, Department of Public Works: Fort 32 Wainwright, AK. Available at: 33 http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/Transformation_EIS.htm.USARAK 2005. 34 Environmental Assessment: Integrated Training Area Management Program 35 Management Plan. U.S. Army Alaska. 36

USARAK. 2006. Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Construction and the Operation 37 of a Battle Area Complex and a Combined Arms Collective Training Facility within U.S. 38 Army Training Lands in Alaska. June 2006. 39

USARAK 2008. Environmental Assessment and Draft Finding of No Significant Impact Grow 40 the Army Force Structure Realignment. September. 41

Utility Services of Alaska, Inc. 2012. Fairbanks Sewer & Water website. Accessed at 42 http:www.akwater.com/water_treatment.shtml. 43

Appendix A Socioeconomics Summary Charts


Economic Index Forecast System (EIFS) Summary Table: Army 2020 Force Structure Realignment Projected Economic Impact and RTV- Alternative 2 Projected Economic Impact and RTV- Alternative 1

Installation Name Military

Population Gain

Sales Income Employment Population Military

Population Loss

Sales Income Employment Population

Fort Benning no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -7,074 -3.16 (10.55 to -7.34)

-4.99 (10.01 to -6.01)

-5.94 (5.03 to -8.29)

-5.74 (2.58 to -1.56)

Fort Bliss 3,000 0.88 (7.98 to -7.15)

0.82 (8.07 to -6.54)

1.34 (3.9 to -4.29)

0.70 (1.21 to -1.66) -8,000 -2.34

(7.98 to -7.15) -2.18

(8.07 to -6.54) -3.59

(3.9 to -4.29) -1.87

(1.21 to -1.66)

Fort Bragg no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -8,000 -4.09 (12.36 to -6.8)

-3.13 (9.14 to -5.96)

-5.34 (6.62 to -7.5)

-3.53 (2.36 to -0.7)

Fort Campbell 3,000 2.78 (13.63 to -8.6)

2.34 (12.75 to -6.99)

3.87 (11.51 to -5.25)

2.70 (7.59 to -1.62) -8,000 -7.42

(13.63 to -8.6) -6.24

(12.75 to -6.99) -10.32

(11.51 to -5.25) -7.19

(7.59 to -1.62)

Fort Carson 3,000 0.81 (7.56 to -8.16)

0.72 (8.06 to -7.74)

1.37 (3.74 to -4.23)

0.92 (3.21 to -1.57) -8,000 -2.16

(7.56 to -8.16) -1.93

(8.06 to -7.74) -3.66

(3.74 to -4.23) -2.44

(3.21 to -1.57)

Fort Drum 3,000 2.9 (15.54 to -5.73)

2.64 (13.09 to -4.00)

4.71 (5.29 to -3.23)

3.02 (3.18 to -0.88) -8,000 -7.73

(15.54 to -5.73) -7.10

(13.09 to -4.00) -12.56

(5.29 to -3.23) -8.06

(3.18 to -0.88)

Fort Gordon no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -4,317 -3.04 (9.85 to -10.61)

-2.62 (6.53 to -5.85)

-4.66 (3.95 to -9.52)

-3.11 (2.23 to -1.42)

Fort Hood 3,000 1.16 (9.48 to -8.15)

1.09 (6.84 to -7.66)

1.68 (4.01 to -3.43)

1.18 (4.57 to -1.14) -8,000 -3.10

(9.48 to -8.15) -2.90

(6.84 to -7.66) -4.49

(4.01 to -3.43) -3.15

(4.57 to -1.14)

Fort Irwin no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,375 -0.38 (13.48 to -5.93)

-0.27 (12.75 to -4.33)

-0.60 (3.64 to -3.85)

-0.30 (3.64 to -2.16)

Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson 1,000 0.67 (18.14 to -12.89)

0.67 (17.02 to - 10.77)

0.90 (9.94 to -3.67)

0.85 (5.46 to -2.08) -4,341 -2.93

(18.14 to -12.89) -2.93

(17.02 to -10.77) -3.90

(9.94 to -3.67) -3.7

(5.46 to -2.08)

Joint Base Langley-Eustis no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,730 -0.94 (10.81 to -8.18)

-0.96 (10.06 to -6.52)

-1.71 (2.96 to -2.88)

-1.34 (3.28 to -1.00)

Joint Base Lewis-McChord no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -8,000 -2.61 (8.95 to -6.14)

-1.37 (9.02 to -5.88)

-3.19 (2.56 to -8.09)

-1.92 (2.36 to -2.77)

Fort Knox 1,000 1.69 (9.11 to -7.48)

1.58 (9.23 to -6.42)

2.52 (7.08 to -6.99)

1.75 (6.62 to -4.53) -3,840 -6.48

(9.11 to -7.48) -6.05

(9.23 to -6.42) -9.66

(7.08 to -6.99) -6.67

(6.62 to -4.53)

Fort Lee no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,432 -1.57 (12.76 to -8.35)

-1.48 (12.40 to -6.17)

-2.22 (3.24 to -7.97)

-1.77 (3.36 to -0.96)

Fort Leonard Wood no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -3,864 -8.00 (8.81 to -8.54)

-6.75 (8.02 to -7.81)

-11.21 (5.85 to -6.2)

-7.5 (4.25 to -3.17)

Fort Polk 1,000 0.81 (8.90 to -9.28)

0.81 (7.17 to -7.71)

1.41 (5.1 to -5.15)

0.88 (3.43 to -2.42) -5,316 -4.31

(8.90 to -9.28) -4.30

(7.17 to -7.71) -7.53

(5.1 to -5.15) -4.70

(3.43 to -2.42)

Fort Riley 3,000 4.40 (10.72 to -8.95)

5.04 (9.16 to -8.19)

6.54 (5.48 to -3.60)

5.57 (8.06 to -2.81) -8,000 -11.75

(10.72 to -8.95) -13.45

(9.16 to -8.19) -17.71

(5.48 to -3.60) -14.9

(8.08 to -2.81)

Schofield Barracks 1,500 0.26 (11.96 to -4.16)

0.37 (10.83 to -4.04)

0.68 (3.64 to -1.78)

0.38 (3.50 to -0.94) -8,000 -1.38

(11.96 to -4.16) -1.99

(10.83 to -4.04) -2.89

(3.64 to -1.78) -2.03

(3.50 to -0.94)

Fort Sill no gain no gain no gain no gain no gain -4,714 -9.23 (9.92 to -12.21)

-8.45 (8.63 to -10.04)

-13.61 (7.24 to -5.25)

-9.50 (7.77 to -3.75)

Fort Stewart 3,000 8.06 (27.26 to -12.15)

4.62 (8.46 to -6.26)

8.27 (18.58 to -7.34)

5.17 (4.56 to -2.63) -8,000 -21.48

(27.26 to -12.15) -12.32

(8.46 to -6.26) -22.04

(18.58 to -7.34) -13.8

(4.56 to -2.63)

Fort Wainwright 1,000 2.72 (40.5 to -19.03)

2.12 (40.42 to -15.15)

3.82 (23.35 to -6.65)

2.58 (7.01 to -1.68) -4,915 -13.36

(40.5 to -19.03) -10.45

(40.42 to -15.15) -18.80

(23.35 to -6.65) -12.68

(7.01 to -1.68) EIFS analysis by USACE, Mobile District; EIFS data from 1969-2000; Rational Threshold Value (RTV) with historical RTV range; Red indicates a potentially significant socioeconomic impact Preparation/Revision: December 22, 2011; December 30, 2011; January 20, 2012; January 30, 2012; July 8, 2012

Region Economic System (RECONS) Summary Table: Army 2020 Force Structure Realignment Gain Scenario/Impact Loss Scenario/Impact

Installation Name Total

Installation Population FY

2011

Military Population Gain

Regional Sales Volume

Impact Regional Job

Impact Regional

Income ImpactMilitary

Population Loss

Regional Sales Volume

Impact Regional Job

Impact Regional Income Impact

Fort Benning 39,243 no gain no gain no gain no gain - 7,074 -2.51 -5.93 -5.23

Fort Bliss 32,352 3,000 0.58 1.27 0.82 -8,000 -1.56 -3.39 -2.20

Fort Bragg 56,983 no gain no gain no gain no gain -8,000 -2.56 -4.71 -2.97

Fort Campbell 32,425 3,000 2.80 3.98 2.58 -8,000 -7.48 - 10.63 - 6.88

Fort Carson 25,823 3,000 0.54 1.29 0.70 -8,000 -1.42 -3.4 -1.88

Fort Drum 19,079 3,000 2.76 4.75 2.86 -8,000 -7.35 -12.65 -7.63

Fort Gordon 13,864 no gain no gain no gain no gain -4,317 -2.19 -4.31 -2.61

Fort Hood 47,437 3,000 0.92 1.62 1.12 -8,000 -2.45 -4.33 -2.99

Fort Irwin 5,539 no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,375 -0.23 -0.58 -0.50

Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson 6,923 1,000 0.27 0.75 0.45 -4,341 -1.26 -3.28 -2.01

Joint Base Langley-Eustis 9,899 no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,730 -0.83 -1.62 -0.96

Joint Base Lewis-McChord 36,777 no gain no gain no gain no gain -8,000 -1.80 -3.09 -1.38

Fort Knox 13,665 1,000 1.28 2.33 1.55 -3,840 -5.73 -9.16 -6.80

Fort Lee 16,257 no gain no gain no gain no gain -2,432 -0.91 -1.99 -1.26

Fort Leonard Wood 27,213 no gain no gain no gain no gain -3,864 -5.80 -10.25 -6.49

Fort Polk 10,877 1,000 0.52 1.51 0.90 -5,316 -2.75 -6.85 -4.13

Fort Riley 20,009 3,000 3.18 6.17 4.93 -8,000 -8.48 -16.46 -13.16

Schofield Barracks 18,563 1,500 0.20 0.68 0.39 -8,000 -1.10 -2.85 -2.07

Fort Sill 22,444 no gain no gain no gain no gain -4,714 -9.66 -13.66 -9.22

Fort Stewart 24,622 3,000 7.46 7.93 4.76 -8,000 -19.92 -21.14 -12.70

Fort Wainwright 7,430 1,000 1.40 3.36 1.5 -4,915 -7.13 -16.54 -7.32 RECONS analysis by USACE, Mobile District Impact:

Total direct and secondary effects at the regional level Preparation/Revision: December 1, 2011; January 9 – 12, 2012; January 17, 2012; January 30, 2012; July 8, 2012