The Terror Of the Unknown

Corona virus: An emerging infectious disease

Professor Fahad Abdullah Al ZamilProfessor and Consultant, Pediatric infectious

DiseasesHead of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit

November 20,2012

Objectives

•Q:What are coronaviruses?

•Q: How common are human coronavirus infections?

•Q: Who can get infected?

•Q:How do I get infected?

•Q:When can I get infected?

Objectives

•Q:What are the symptoms?

•Q:How can I protect myself?

•Q:What should I do if I get sick?

•Q:How do I get diagnosed?

•Q:Are there treatments?

Coronavirus

•Coronaviruses are species in the genera of virus belonging to the subfamily Coronavirinae in the family Coronaviridae.

•Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense RNAgenome and with a nucleocapsid of helical symmetry.

•The genomic size of coronaviruses ranges from approximately 26 to 32 kilobases, extraordinarily large for an RNA virus.

•The name "coronavirus" is derived from the Latin corona, meaning crown or halo, and refers to the characteristic appearance of virions under electron microscopy (E.M.) with a fringe of large, bulbous surface projections creating an image reminiscent of the solar corona.

Diseases of coronavirus

•Coronaviruses primarily infect the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tract of mammals and birds. Four to five different currently known strains of coronaviruses infect humans. •The most publicized human coronavirus, SARS-CoV which causes SARS, has a unique pathogenesis because it causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and can also cause gastroenteritis. •Coronaviruses are believed to cause a significant percentage of all common colds in human adults. •Coronaviruses cause colds in humans primarily in the winter and early spring seasons. The significance and economic impact of coronaviruses as causative agents of the common cold are hard to assess because, unlike rhinoviruses (another common cold virus), human coronaviruses are difficult to grow in the laboratory.

Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia

Ali M. Zaki, M.D., Ph.D., Sander van Boheemen, M.Sc., Theo M. Bestebroer, B.Sc., Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, D.V.M., Ph.D., and Ron A.M. Fouchier, Ph.D.

N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1814-1820November 8, 2012 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721

A previously unknown coronavirus was isolated from the sputum of a 60-year-old man who presented with acute pneumonia and subsequent renal

failure with a fatal outcome in Saudi Arabia. The virus (called HCoV-EMC) replicated readily in cell culture, producing cytopathic effects of rounding,

detachment, and syncytium formation. The virus represents a novel betacoronavirus species. The closest known relatives are bat

coronaviruses HKU4 and HKU5. Here, the clinical data, virus isolation, and molecular identification are presented. The clinical picture was

remarkably similar to that of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and reminds us that animal coronaviruses can

cause severe disease in humans.

Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

The Erasmus University Medical Center is the academic hospital of the city of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. It is affiliated with the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, and home to its faculty of medicine. With 1320 beds it is the second largest hospital of The Netherlands, only 19 beds behind UMC Groningen. This is where the Health Protection Agency (HPA )of the UK collected information from the clinical samples from a 49-year old man from Qatar infected with novel coronavirus.

FIGURE 1 Abnormalities on Chest Imaging of the Patient.

Saudis report third case of new coronavirus

The Canadian Press Sunday, November 4, 2012 - 14:01 The government of Saudi Arabia has announced it has found another human case of infection with the new coronavirus that emerged earlier this year.The virus is from the same family as SARS.The Saudi Press Agency says the Ministry of Health has confirmed the infection was diagnosed in a man who lives in the capital city, Riyadh.The news item contained few details, but did reveal the man appears to be recovering.The first case of infection with the new virus was found in Riyadh in June; that man died.A second infection was spotted in a man from Qatar who was flown for treatment to England, where he remains in hospital.

Downloaded from: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/other/sars/news/nov0512corona.html

Saudi Arabia reports third novel coronavirus case

Robert Roos  News Editor

Nov 5, 2012 (CIDRAP News) – Saudi Arabian officials yesterday reported the world's third known infection

with a novel coronavirus, in a Saudi man who was hospitalized in intensive care but is recovering and

has no links to the two previous cases.

Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat - Epomophorus labiatus

 

Identification:  Two post dental palatal ridges; 4th palatal ridge much nearer 3rd than 5th. It is a medium-sized fruit bat. Total length of the single adult female 79 mm and forearm length of three adults 65.6-70.2 mm (Gaucher, 1992). Shoulder pouches lined with white hairs are well-

developed in adult males. Males are larger than females.  

Distribution:  Recorded only from Riyadh escarpment in Asir.

 

Bats of Saudi ArabiaBy

Abdulaziz Al-Agaili King Saud University

May 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTSSuborder Megachiroptera………………………………………………………………….4

Family Pteropodidae - Fruit Bats………………………………………………………….4Subfamily Pteropodinae…………………………………………………………………...4

Ethiopian epauletted fruit bat Epomophorus labiatus ……….……...……………………4 Egyptian fruit bat - Rousettus aegyptiacus………………………………………………..5 Straw-colored fruit bat - Eidolon helvum ………………………………………………...6

Suborder Microchiroptera…………………………………………………………………7 Family Rhinopomatidae- Mouse-tailed Bats ……………………………………………..7Greater mouse-tailed bat - Rhinopoma microphyllum…………………………………….7Lesser mouse-tailed bat - Rhinopoma hardwickii…………………………………………7Muscat mouse-tailed – Rhinopoma muscatellum…………………………………………7Family Emballonuridae - Sheath-tailed Bats……………………………………………...9Egyptian tomb bat - Taphozous perforatus ……………………………………………….9Naked-bellied tomb bat - Taphozous nudiventris…………………………………………9

Family Nycteridae - Slit-faced Bats……………………………………………………...11Aden slit-faced bat - Nycteris thebaica…………………………………………………..11Family Rhinolophidae - Horseshoe Bats………………………………………………...12

Geoffroy’s horseshoe bat - Rhinolophus clivosus ……………………………………….12Lesser horseshoe bat - Rhinolophus hipposideros……………………………………….13

Blasius’ horseshoe – Rhinolophus blasii ………………………………………………..14Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat - Rhinolophus euryale…………………………………...15

Family Hipposideridae - Leaf-nosed Bats……………………………………………….16Lesser leaf-nosed bat - Hipposideros caffer……………………………………………..16Small leaf-nosed bat - Hipposideros megalotis………………………………………….17Persian leaf-nosed – Triaenops persicus………………………..………………………..17Trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia tridens…………………………………………………..18Small trident leaf-nosed bat - Asellia patrizii……………………………………………18

Downloaded from: http://cmtjustice.com/new-virus-may-have-come-from-bats/

New Virus May Have Come From BatsOctober 22, 2012

•The genome of the novel coronavirus believed to be responsible for one death and one critical illness indicates, as suspected, that it may have originated in bats, researchers reported.

•The virus, obtained from sputum samples of a 60-year-old Saudi Arabian man who died from progressive respiratory and renal failure in June, is distinct from the five other coronavirusesknown to infect humans, including the virus behind the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak that killed about 800 people in 2003, according to Ron Fouchier, PhD, of Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, and colleagues.

•It is most closely related to two coronaviruses found in bats, the researchers reported online in the New England Journal of Medicine.

Conclusion

•Q:What are coronaviruses?

•Q: How common are human coronavirus infections?

•Q: Who can get infected?

•Q:How do I get infected?

•Q:When can I get infected?

Conclusion

•Q:What are the symptoms?

•Q:How can I protect myself?

•Q:What should I do if I get sick?

•Q:How do I get diagnosed?

•Q:Are there treatments?

Thank You!!!