Professor Bob Cywinski

The future The future source for source for European European neutron neutron usersusers

Chairman of ENSAThe European Neutron Scattering Association,

The European Spallation SourceThe European Spallation Source

ENSA was established in 1994

The European Neutron Scattering Association, ENSA

ENSA is an affiliation of the national neutron scattering societies which directly represent neutron beam users

ENSA is a platform for discussion and a focus for action in neutron scattering and related topics within Europe

There are currently eighteen associated national user societies

The European Neutron Scattering Association, ENSAENSA was established in 1994

ENSA is an affiliation of the national neutron scattering societies which directly represent neutron beam users

ENSA is a platform for discussion and a focus for action in neutron scattering and related topics within Europe

Phy

sics

Che

mis

try

Mat

eria

l Sci

ence

Life

Sci

ence

s

Eng

inee

ring

Ear

th S

cien

ce

The European community is broadly multidisciplinary ….

The ENSA Survey of The Neutron Scattering Community and Facilities in Europe

(published by ESF, 1996)

46% 27% 1%3%4%19%

Mezei and Brown Recipients of the ENSA/Walter Hälg Prize for

European Neutron Scattering, in 1999 and 2001

…and it has advanced neutron science…and it has advanced neutron science

Europe’s lead….

Partly because of its world leading facilities…..

Since 1970 Europe has been able to claim a world lead in neutron scattering……

……... and hencea strategic advantage in all fields of condensed matter science and technology

…and partly because of its neutron user community

“ Over 4500 neutron scatterers, two thirds of the world’s total number, reside in Europe and exploit European facilities”

The ENSA Survey of The Neutron Scattering Community and Facilities in Europe

(published by ESF, 1996)

This is the largest, most experienced and diverse community of neutron scatterers in the world

But….

….because of the imminent closure of many aging reactors and a continuing growth of the neutron scattering community the OECD in 1994 predicted the “neutron drought”

1994 Analytical Report commissioned by the OECD Megascience Forum

The OECD recommendations

These recommendations were endorsed by the OECD Ministerial Conference

In 1998 an OECD/ESF twenty year forward look at neutron scattering strongly recommended constructing a new MW spallation source in each of the Asian, North American and European regions

In response to the recommendations...Japan and USA have each committed major financial, scientific and technological investments to third generation MW neutron spallation sources...

Both new spallation sources will be operational by 2006

….for neutron scattering communities each only 10% the size of that in Europe

The ENSA neutron landscape

ENSA has worked to establish a coherent strategy through which the future of European neutron scattering research can be secured.The resulting twenty year perspective - the ENSA Neutron Landscape -is structured as a three tier hierarchy of neutron sources.. The Landscape has been unanimously endorsed by all eighteen national ENSA delegates

The ENSA three tier hierarchy of neutron sources…..

The first tier:a network of internationally competitive regional facilities

LLB, SaclaySINQ, VilligenBENSC-HMI, BerlinBNC, BudapestIBR2, Dubna

to be joined by FRM-II, Munich

and possibly by AUSTRON, Vienna

The second tier:ILL and ISIS, the current European flagship facilities...

….will provide globally competitive high quality neutron beams for problems at and just beyond the threshold of current capabilities.

.. enhanced by the ILL Millennium Programme and the ISIS second targetstation…..

The ENSA three tier hierarchy of neutron sources…..

With only these two tiers the most challenging problems in condensed matter will be addressed not in Europe, but in the US and Japan where the advanced third generation spallation sources will be operational by 2006…..…..and it is to these new centres of neutron excellence that Europe’s highly trained neutron scientists will migrate.

To maintain European competitiveness in the field a third tier is required…….

The European Spallation Source

The ENSA three tier hierarchy of neutron sources…..

The eighteen national delegates to ENSA have unanimously and emphatically endorsed and embraced the European Spallation Source Project as the only realistic solution for securing the future of a key European scientific and technological strength…..…..and recognised that without political and financial commitment to construct a third generation MW spallation source the centre of gravity for neutron scattering science of the very highest quality will shift from Europe in 2006

The ENSA three tier hierarchy of neutron sources…..

As the third and uppermost tier of the ENSA hierarchy of neutron facilities ESS will provide Europe with neutron beams and advanced instrumentation of unrivalled quality

ENSA views the ESS as a truly multinational flagship facility at the hub of a powerful and mutually supportive network of regional neutron sources

The ENSA three tier hierarchy of neutron sources…..

The ENSA-ESS partnership...

ENSA believes that ESS as the future flagship source, will open the new and exciting vistas in condensed matter science and technology across all disciplines…..

….so ENSA has worked closely with ESS to establish the scientific case for ESS and to define the source parameters

And the future…..

“Although Oak Ridge National Laboratory was the site of the world’s first experiments in neutron scattering, the world’s leading neutron source is no longer in the United States; it is now in Europe. A new Spallation Neutron Source will change that. Given the medical, scientific, economic and environmental benefits available through neutron science it would be irresponsible not to reclaim world leadership in this critical field.”

Vice President Al Gore 21 January 1998

(Office of the Vice President)

The American view…….

“Although Europe has held the world lead in neutron scattering for a third of a century, without a commitment to the European Spallation Source this lead will soon be lost to the USA and Japan. Given the medical, scientific, economic and environmental benefits available through neutron science, who will take responsibility for allowing Europe to lose world leadership in this critical field ?”

The ENSA view…….