Professional Responsibility1. Essay Organizationa. The lawyer
has a duty of ________ to ________.b. Key Duties Owed to Client:
Confdentiality, Loyalty, inan!ial "es#onsibility, Co$#eten!e, and
other reasonable thin%s.&Clients Lo'e ier!e Counsel(.!. Key
Duties Owed to Others: Candor, airness, Di%nity)De!oru$, * other
reasonable thin%s. &Courts eel Di+erently(.,.Duty of
Confdentialitya. Rule: !annot re'eal anything related to the
re#resentation of a !lient.i. Scope: a##lies re%ardless of whether
!lient re-uested !onfdentiality or dis!losure will har$ the
!lient.ii. Timing: !an atta!h before a lawyer.!lient relationshi#
is for$ed, and e'en if none is e'er for$ed.To ensure it does not,
there $ust be !lear and s#e!if! lan%ua%e warnin% no
!onfdentiality.Continues beyond death.iii. Distinguish AC
Pri!ilege: o'erla#s, but Confdentiality is broader./##lies
re%ardless of sour!e of infor$ation and #re'ents any 0ind of
dis!losure.b. Consent: if !lient !onsents after !onsultation,
lawyer $ay re'eal otherwise !onfdential infor$ation./lso, i$#lied
!onsent to re'eal what is ne!essary to render le%al ser'i!es.!.
SelfDefense: $ay re'eal infor$ation ne!essary to establish !lai$
ordefense in suit in'ol'in% $al#ra!ti!e, dis!i#line, or #ay$ent.d.
Compulsion: $ay re'eal if !o$#elled by fnal !ourt order, law, or
ethi!al duty.e" #uture Crimesi. Death$%odily &arm: attorney may
re'eal what1s reasonably ne!essary to #re'ent reasonably !ertain
death or substantial bodilyhar$./ttorney $ust frst, only if
reasonable, &1( $a0e a %ood faithe+ort to #ersuade !lient not
to !o$$it a!t and &,( infor$ !lient of de!ision to re'eal
!onfden!es.ii. #raud$Crimes Causing #inancial 'n(ury: 1. /2/:
attorney may re'eal to #re'ent future !ri$e if &1( !lient used
or usin% attorney1s ser'i!es to !o$$it !ri$e and &,( dis!losure
would #re'ent or $iti%ate substantial fnan!ial loss./ttorney must
re'eal !onfdential infor$ation if it is only way lawyer !an a'oid
assistin% in the !ri$e.,. C/: no e3!e#tion.Cannot re'eal.4.)Duty of
*oyalty $ Con+ict of 'nteresta. )Rule: !annot ha'e any other
interest that materially limits loyal re#resentation or is adverse
to !lient.5f so, and neither absolutely #rohibited or #er$itted,
re#resentation is allowed if &1( attorney reasonably belie'es
she !an re#resent e'eryone e+e!ti'ely, &,( attorney infor$s
ea!h a+e!ted !lient &but if duty of !onfdentiality #re'ents
dis!losure, !onsent $ay not be #ossible(, and &4( !lient1s
!onsent is !onfr$ed in writin%.6nli0e the /2/, C/ does not use a
reasonable attorney standard, a##lies also to #otential !on7i!ts,
andonly re-uires written dis!losure, not !onsent, of the !lient.i.
Potential !s" Actual Con+icts: both should be dis!ussed.8a$e
!on7i!t, as -uestion e'ol'es, $ay be both, and both should be
dis!ussed in turn.ii. ,no-ledge of Con+ict: res#onsible e'en if
i%norant of !on7i!t, unless it is short.ter$ le%al ser'i!es under
!ourt, a%en!y, or non.#roft #ro%ra$, in whi!h attorney is
res#onsible only if aware of !on7i!t.iii. 'mputed Dis.ualifcation:
any %rou# of lawyers that wor0 to%ether share ea!h other1s !on7i!ts
&but in C/, lawyer won1t be disciplined for i$#uted !on7i!t(.1.
Attorney /ith Con+ict 0oins: !on7i!ts will not be i$#uted if
&1( ti$ely and e+e!ti'ely s!reen, &,( !on7i!ted attorney
re!ei'es no dire!t #art of the fee, &4( for$er !lient re!ei'es
noti!e and #eriodi! !ertif!ations of !o$#lian!e with
!onditions.8a$e for or$er 9o'ern$ent Lawyers, but no #eriodi!
!ertif!ations re-uired.,. Attorney /ith Con+ict *ea!es: %rou#
!annot re#resent !lient in $atter ad'erse to lea'in% attorney1s
!lient if &1( $atters are substantially related and &,( any
re$ainin% lawyer has !onfdential, $aterial infor$ation.4. :o
i$#uted !on7i!ts for short.ter$ le%al ser'i!es in #ubli!
interest.i'. Remedies$Options: &1( refuse to ta0e the !ase;
&,( ad'ise $ulti#le!lients to %et se#arate !ounsel; &4(
withdraw./lso, s!reenin% or an ethi!al wall for i$#uted
dis-ualif!ation, and !lient !onsent $i%ht be re-uired.b"
ClientClient Con+ictsi. Opposite Sides of Same
1atter$Representation: #rohibited.ii. Opposing Current Client 'n
Another 1atter: a re#resentation ad'erse to a !urrent !lient in
another $atter #er$itted if rule is $et, #rohibited otherwise.1. C/
8tatutory es, attorney should withdraw fro$ both and ad'ise
!lientsto %et se#arate !ounsel.?ust at least withdraw fro$
re#resentin% !lient that attorney #ossesses fa'orable !onfdential
infor$ation forbut !annot use.5n !ri$inal !ases, dual
re#resentation !ould 'iolate@th /$end$ent ri%ht to e+e!ti'e
!ounsel.i'. 2e- Clients in 1atters Related to #ormer Client: !annot
ta0e on new !lient with interests $aterially ad'erse to for$er
!lient without the for$er1s !onsent.?oreo'er, usin% non.#ubli!,
!onfdential infor$ation a%ainst a for$er !lient is unreasonable
without !onsent.1. #ormer 3o!ernment Attorneys: /2/: for$er
%o'ern$ent attorney who #ersonally and substantially wor0ed on a
$atter !annot wor0 on sa$e $atter in #ri'ate #ra!ti!e without
%o'ern$ent1s !onsent.?atter is a s#e!if! dis#ute, not si$#ly
inter#retation of the sa$e rules.C/ dis-ualifes a #rose!utor fro$
later defendin% in sa$e !ase.'. Clients /ith 'nconsistent
Positions: #ositions usually don1t !reate !on7i!ts, but if either
!lient would be disad'anta%ed, !onsent of both $ust be obtained.c"
*a-yerClient Con+ictsi. 3ifts: attorney !annot soli!it substantial
%ift fro$ !lient, or draft le%al instru$ent for !lient who is not a
!lose relati'e if instru$ent #ro'ides a substantial %ift to
attorney or relati'e.ii. *imiting *iability: !annot li$it !lient1s
ri%ht to re#ort for ethi!al orother 'iolations.Cannot li$it
$al#ra!ti!e liability, but /2/ ¬ C/(#er$its if !lient is
inde#endently re#resented in $a0in% a%ree$ent.5f !lient $a0es a
$al#ra!ti!e !lai$, attorney !an only settle after written ad'i!e to
!lient to !onsult an outside attorney frst.iii. Publication Rights
Contracts1. /2/: lawyer !annot a!!e#t before re#resentation has
ended.,. C/: dis!oura%ed, but $ay a!!e#t if =ud%e is satisfed that
!lient !learly understands and !onsents.i!" *oans 4 Ad!ances to
Clients1. /2/: forbids fnan!ial assistan!e, e3!e#t for liti%ation
e3#enses for an indi%ent !lient, and the ad'an!e of liti%ation
e3#enses in !ontin%en!y !ases.,. C/: $ore liberal: forbids
#ro$isin% to #ay a #ros#e!ti'e !lient1sdebts but #er$its loans to a
!lient in all $atters for any #ur#ose with a written loan
a%ree$ent.'. 5se of 'nformation: !o'ered by duty of !onfdentiality
to a !lient1s disad'anta%e without !onsent 'iolated both loyalty
and !onfdentiality.'i. %usiness Transactions or Ad!erse 'nterests
&irst Dis!uss O'erCo+ee(: $ay enter into business with !lient
or obtain ad'erse interest only if &1( ter$s are fair to
!lient, &,( dis!losed in understandable writin%, &4( !lient
has o##ortunity to !onsult outside attorney, and &A( !lient
#ro'ides !onsent &in C/, $ust be written(.ation and !or#orate
!lient, but dis!oura%ed for !or#orate !lient as li0ely to
!o$#ro$ise loyalty and !onfdentiality.!ii" Trial Counsel as
2ecessary /itness1. /2/: !annot be !ounsel and witness in sa$e
trial unless &1( testi$ony is un!ontested, &,( testi$ony
re%ards nature and 'alue of ser'i!es rendered, or &4(
attorney1s distin!ti'e 'alue to!ase $eans withdrawal would i$#ose a
substantial hardshi# on!lient.5f testi$ony $i%ht #re=udi!e !lient,
!onsent re-uired.,. C/: less restri!ti'e: attorney !an testify in
any ben!h trial, and if !lient !onsents in a =ury trial.'iii. Close
Relationship /ith Ad!ersary6s *a-yer 1. /2/: !annot o##ose #arty
re#resented by a relati'e &i$$ediatefa$ily( without !lient
!onsent.,. C/: !annot o##ose #arty re#resented by an i$$ediate
fa$ily or other inti$ates, but only re-uires written dis!losure,
not !onsent.This !on7i!t is #ersonal, and thus not i$#uted to
others.i3. 7rd Party Payment: sole duty is to !lient, not to any
third #arty.Bay$ent fro$ 4rd #arty is #er$itted if &1( infor$ed
!onsent &C/, in writin%(, &,( no interferen!e, and &4(
!onfdentiality of !lient infor$ation #rote!ted.3. Organizational
Clients: lawyer $ust a!t in the best interest of the entity.?ust
re#ort le%al 'iolations u# the !hain.5f lawyer reasonably belie'ed
dis!losure ne!essary to #re'ent fraud, #er=ury, or substantial
in=ury to or%ani>ation or in'estors, may re#ort to 8ealously
#ursue !ase.!. Duty to Communicate: $ust 0ee# !lient infor$ed and
answer $essa%es, in!ludin% settle$ent o+er.d. Accepting
Representation: free to a!!e#t or re=e!t any !ase./ lawyer should
a!!e#t the !ase of defenseless or o##ressed if only reason to
refuse is selfsh./ lawyer must re=e!t a !ase if he would 'iolate a
law or ethi!al rule to ta0e it.e. Scope of Representation: !lient
$a0es de!isions about substanti'e ri%hts &testify, a!!e#t
settle$ent(, attorney $a0es de!isions on le%al strate%y.f. Duties
on /ithdra-al from Representationi. 1andatory /ithdra-al: $ust
withdraw fro$ #endin% !ase if fredor if !ontinuin% would 'iolate a
law or ethi!al rule.ii. Permissi!e /ithdra-al: if !ourt satisfed
for %ood !ause and withdrawal will not !ause undue delay or
disru#tion./2/: also if re#resentation will result in unreasonable
fnan!ial burden.C/: if !lient brea!hes fee a%ree$ent.iii.
Procedures for /ithdra-al: $ust &1( #ro'ide ti$ely noti!e to
!lient and &,( #ro$#tly return uns#ent fees and ad'an!es and
&4( all #ro#erty and $aterial #a#ers of the !lient.Cannot
withhold material to get paid.%. Other Duties: be reasonable and
sensible.i. Se9: /2/: no !onsensual se3 unless #re.e3istin%
relationshi#.C/: allows new relationshi#s with !autions &loo0
for so$ethin% bad(.@. Duty of Candor to Public 4 Duty of Dignity to
Profession &address se#arately e'en if analysis is the sa$e(a.
Constitutional #loor: state !an re%ulate attorney ad'ertisin% and
soli!itation sub=e!t to lawyer1s li$ited !o$$er!ial s#ee!h ri%hts
underthe 1st /$end$ent.Ber$issible if &1( %o'ern$ent asserts a
substantial interest, &,( re%ulation dire!tly ad'an!es that
interest, and &4( re%ulation narrowly tailored.b" Ad!ertising:
lawyer1s !o$$uni!ation with #ubli! at lar%ei. ?ust :ot be alse or
?isleadin%: no $aterial $isstate$ent or o$ission.C/: #resu$es
i$#ro#er any !lai$ that in!ludes %uaranties or #redi!tion of
result.:o testi$onials unless dis!lai$er.ii. Clai$s of Le%al
8#e!ialties: !an e3#lain #ra!ti!e, but !annot ad'ertise
s#e!iali>ation unless a !ertifed s#e!ialist.iii. Labelin% *
"e!ords: ations, !onsent re-uired to s#ea0 with oH!er, dire!tor,
$ana%in% a%ent, or any e$#loyee whose !o$$uni!ation $i%ht bind or
be i$#uted to the or%ani>ation.!. Dealing /ith the Press: air
Trial: $ust a'oid out.of.!ourt state$ents with a substantial
li0elihood of $aterially #re=udi!in% a !ase." 5nauthorized Practice
of *a-: !annot en%a%e in or fa!ilitate.Bra!ti!e of law is anythin%
re-uirin% #rofessional le%al =ud%e$tn.::" Duties of Subordinate
*a-yersa. 8ubordinates: if su#er'isor ratifes or orders a!tion
'iolatin% ethi!al rule: if !learly a 'iolation, subordinate sub=e!t
to dis!i#line; if debatable, su#er'isor is solely res#onsible.b.
8u#er'isin% #artner: if ratifed or failed to ta0e a!tion to re$edy
subordinate1s 'iolation, is in 'iolation.!. ?ana%in% Bartners: $ust
$a0e reasonable e+orts to ensure that fr$1s!ondu!t !o$#orts with
#rofessional obli%ations.
