Professional Ethics and Human Values.docx

8/10/2019 Professional Ethics and Human Values.docx

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NEW AGE

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NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERSNew Delhi Bangalore Chennai Cochin Guwahati Hyderaad

!alandhar Kol"ata Luc"now #u$ai %anchi

&i'it u' atwww .newagepubl!"e#!.$%& PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD
http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/http://www.newagepublishers.com/


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Co(yright ) *++,- New Age International .P/ Ltd0-Puli'her'

Puli'hed y New Age International .P/ Ltd0-Puli'her'

All right' re'er1ed0

No (art o2 thi' eoo" $ay e re(roduced in any 2or$- y (hoto'tat- $icro2il$-

3erogra(hy- or any other $ean'- or incor(orated into any in2or$ation retrie1al'y'te$- electronic or $echanical- without the written (er$i''ion o2 the

(uli'her0All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected]

ISBN (') *'+-+'+/

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PUBLISHING 1OR ONE WORLD

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PUBLISHERS

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I1

If you can keep your head when all about you

Are losing theirs and blaming it on you;

If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you

!ut make allowance for their doubting too;

If you can wait and not be tired by

waiting "r being lied about don#t deal inlies

"r being hated don#t gi$e way to hatingAnd

yet don#t look too good nor talk too wise;

If you can dream % and not make dreams your master;

If you can think % and not make thoughts your aim; If

you can meet with triumph and disaster

And treat those two imposters&ust the same;

If you can bear to hear the truth you#$e spoken'wisted by kna$es to make a trap for fools

"r watch the things you ga$e your life to broken

And stoop and build (em up with worn out tools;

If you can make one heap of all your winnings

And risk it on one turn of pitch%and%toss

And lose and start again at your beginnings

And ne$er breath a word about your loss;

If you can force your heart and ner$e and sinew

'o ser$e your turn long after they are goneAnd

so hold on when there is nothing in you

E)cept the Will which says to them* +,old on-;

If you can talk with crowds and keep your $irtue

"r walk with kings % nor lose the common touch;

Ifneither foes nor lo$ing friends can hurt you;

If all men count with you but none too much;If you can fill the unforgi$ing minute

With si)ty seconds# worth of distance run %

.ours is the Earth and e$erything that#s in it

And % which is more % you#ll be a /an my son0

Ru23a#2 4plng


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P#e5a$e

ation- and to the 'ociety0 Acade$ician' e1en

2eel that thi' 'u9ect 'hould e introduced in high 'chool le1el- in (lace o2 the $oral in'truction'0

Anna ?ni1er'ity i' to e congratulated 2or ha1ing introduced thi' (a(er a' a core 'u9ect 2or allthe engineering 'tudent' o2 B0E08B0Tech0 A' a teacher who en9oyed teaching thi' 'u9ect 2or the (a't

two year'- I 1entured to write thi' oo"0 Thi' oo" a$(ly co1er' the re1i'ed 'yllau' o2 Anna

?ni1er'ity0 Be'ide' the code' o2 ethic' o2 Indian (ro2e''ional 'ocietie'- detailed ri'" analy'i'- cri'(

ca'e 'tudie'- 'hort:an'wer @ue'tion'- long:an'wer @ue'tion' with hint' ha1e een added to 'u'tain the

intere't o2 the 'tudent'0 I elie1e the 'tudent co$$unity and the teaching 2raternity will en9oy u'ing

thi' oo"0 The 'tudent' $ay e1en re2er thi' oo" in their (ro2e''ional career and de1elo($ent0

I than" all the author' who'e 'tudy- re'earch- and re(ort' ha1e "indled $y intere't in writing thi'

oo"0 #y than"' are due 2or the ready re'(on'e 'hown y the Chair$an- IETE- Chennai in (ro1iding

$e the (articular' on their Code'0

I than" whole heartedly and record $y dee( 'en'e o2 gratitude to Hon=le #r0 E0&0 &elu #0A0-

elo1ed ounder:Chair$an- Arunai Engineering College- and Er0&0 Ku$aran- #0E0- e'tee$ed &ice:

Chair$an- AEC- Tiru1anna$alai 2or their genero'ity- $oti1ation- and (ro1iding all 2acilitie' in

writing thi' oo"0 ur than"' are due 2or the Princi(al- AEC0 Pro20 S0 Sure'h- P0%00- #r0 %0

Sel1ara9- A00- $y colleague'- #r0 #ahendran K0- and #'0 Sudha who ha1e hel(ed $e in (re(aring

the $anu'cri(t and illu'tration'0 I than" $y wi2e 2or ha1ing '(ared $uch ti$e late in the e1ening'-

through 'ugge'tion' and (roo2reading0

The energetic and ra(id re'(on'e and yet error:2ree e3ecution o2 thi' (ro9ect y #8' New Age

International .P/ Ltd0- Puli'her'- New Delhi de'er1e to e duly a((reciated and than"ed0 I

ac"nowledge their e22ort' toward' the relea'e o2 the oo" in ti$e- to e with the engineer' andgroo$ed:to:e (ro2e''ional'0

The author would e grate2ul y recei1ing 'ugge'tion' and co$$ent' to i$(ro1e thi' te3too"-

2ro$ the 'tudent'- teacher' and al'o the (racticing (ro2e''ional'0

6ul3 7 R.S. Naaga#a8an


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9%n:en:!

Pre2ace 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 vii

Syllau' 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 ix

9"ap:e# ' ; Hu&an


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'xii

9"ap:e# ; Engnee#ng E:"$! ......................................................................... ,,;--

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*07 #oral autono$y 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000 0 *,

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9"ap:e# ; Engnee#ng a! S%$al E=p#&en:a:%n .......................................... ->;>-

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606 Indu'trial 'tandard' 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 0000000000 0 7;604 A alanced outloo" on law 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 0 7;

607 Ca'e 'tudyF The challenger 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 0000000000 0 7*

9"ap:e# - ; Sa5e:3, Re!p%n!bl:e! an2 Rg":! ................................................ >>;*/

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40; Sa2ety and ri'" 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000 0 7,

40* %i'" analy'i' 0000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000000 0 7,

406 A''e''$ent o2 'a2ety and ri'" 0000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000 0 ,7

404 Sa2e e3it 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 0000 0 ,,407 %i'":ene2it analy'i' 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000 0 ,,

40, Se2ety le''on' 2ro$


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Content' xiii

40 Collecti1e argaining 000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000 0 *

40;+ Con2identiality 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000 0 4

40;; Con2lict o2 intere't' 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 0

40;* ccu(ational cri$e 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 0 5

40;6 Hu$an right' 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000 0 5+

40;4 E$(loyee right' 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00 0 5;

40;7 hi'tle lowing 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000 0 56

40;, Intellectual (ro(erty right' 000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0 0 57

9"ap:e# > ; Gl%bal I!!ue! ................................................................................ /;''*

70+ Gloali>ation 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000 0 +

70; #ultinational cor(oration' 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0 +

70* En1iron$ental ethic' 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000 0 4

706 Co$(uter ethic' 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000 0

704 ea(on' de1elo($ent 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000 0 ;+*

707 Engineer' a' $anager' 0000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000 0 ;+6

70, Con'ulting engineer' 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000 0 ;+470 Engineer' a' e3(ert witne'' 00000000000 000000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 000000 0 ;+7

705 Engineer' a' ad1i'or' in (lanning and (olicy $a"ing 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 00 ;+

70 #oral leader'hi( 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0 ;+5

70;+ Code' o2 ethic' 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0 0 ;+

70;; Engineering council o2 India 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 0000000000 00000000000 00000 0 ;;5

70;* Code' o2 ethic' 2or TATA grou( 00000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 0000000000 000000000000 000000000 0 ;;5

70;6 Ethic' and code' o2 u'ine'' conduct in #NC 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0 ;;5

Bbl%g#ap"3 ........................................................................................................... ''/

9a!e S:u2e! ............................................................................................................ ',

?ue!:%n Ban@ Pa#:+A ............................................................................................ '-

?ue!:%n Ban@ Pa#:+B ............................................................................................ '>-

?ue!:%n! an2 An!we#! ; Be3%n2 :"e !3llabu! ...................................................... '77


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9"ap:e# ; ' Hu&an


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'2

1.1 MORLS

#oral' are the wel2are (rinci(le' enunciated y the wi'e (eo(le- a'ed on their e3(erience and

wi'do$0 They were edited- changed or $odi2ied or e1ol1ed to 'uit the geogra(hy o2 the region- ruler'

.dyna'ty/- and in accordance with de1elo($ent o2 "nowledge in 'cience and technology and with

ti$e0

#orality i' concerned with (rinci(le' and (ractice' o2 $oral' 'uch a'F .a/ hat ought or ought

not to e done in a gi1en 'ituation .b/ hat i' right or wrong aout the handling o2 a 'ituation and

.c/ hat i' good or ad aout the (eo(le- (olicie'- and ideal' in1ol1ed

#orality i' di22erent 2ro$ Ethic' in the 2ollowing way'F

Morality Ethics

;0 #ore general and (re'cri(ti1e a'ed on

cu'to$' and tradition'0

;0 S(eci2ic and de'cri(t i1e0 It i' a critical

re2lection on $oral'0

*0 #ore concerned with the re'ult' o2 wrong

action- when done0

*0 #ore concerned with the re'ult' o2 a right

action- when not done0

60 Thru't i' on 9udg$ent and (uni'h$ent-

in the na$e o2 God or y law'0

60 Thru't i' on in2luence- education - training

through code'- guideline'- and correction0

40 In ca'e o2 con2lict etween the two-

$orality i' gi1en to( (riority- ecau'e the

da$age i' $ore0 It i' $ore co$$on and

a'ic0

40 Le'' 'eriou'- hence 'econd (riority only0

Le'' co$$on0 But rele1ant today- ecau'e

o2 co$(le3 interaction' in the $odern

'ociety0

70 E3a$(leF Character 2law- corru(tion-

e3tortion- and cri$e0

70 E3a$(leF Notion' or elie2' aout

$anner'- ta'te'- cu'to$'- and toward' law'0

A' again't $oral' and ethic'- law' are nor$'- 2or$ally a((ro1ed y 'tate- (ower or national or

international (olitical odie'0 Brea"ing the nor$' i' called crime- and in1ite '(eci2ic (uni'h$ent0

1.2 VLUES

1.2.1 D!"i#i$i%#

Hu$an' ha1e the uni@ue aility to de2ine their identity- choo'e their 1alue' and e'tali'h their elie2'0

All three o2 the'e directly in2luence a (er'on=' eha1ior0 Peo(le ha1e gone to great length' to

de$on'trate the 1alidity o2 their elie2'- including war and 'acri2icing their own li2e Con1er'ely-

(eo(le are not $oti1ated to 'u((ort or 1alidate the elie2' o2 another- when tho'e elie2' arecontrary to their own0

Peo(le will act congruent with their (er'onal 1alue' or what they dee$ to e i$(ortant0

A value is defined as a principle that promotes well-being or prevents harm. Another de2inition

i'F Values are our guidelines for our successour paradigm about what is acceptable. Per'onal

1alue' are de2ined a'F Emotional beliefs in principles regarded as particularly favorable or important

for the individual. ur 1alue' a''ociate e$otion' to our e3(erience' and guide our choice'-

deci'ion' and action'0


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Hu$an &alue' &

A (er'on=' o'er1ation' on it' en1iron$ent are 2iltered through hi' 1alue' to deter$ine whether

or not he 'hould e3(end energy to do 'o$ething aout hi' e3(erience'0 A (er'on who 1alue' gold and

'ee' a large ag o2 gold .a (o'iti1e 1alue/ in hi' (ath a' he wal"'- will e $oti1ated to reach down and

(ic" it u(0 A (er'on who 1alue' hi' li2e and "now' aout 1eno$ou' 'na"e' will retreat 2ro$ the

'ound o2 a rattle'na"e .a negati1e 1alue/ 2ro$ neary- when he i' wal"ing in the de'ert0 Said in

another way- Values are the scales we use to weigh our choices for our actions! whether to move

towards or away from something.

Not all 1alue' ha1e the 'a$e weight or (riority0 So$e are $ore i$(ortant than other' and $u't

e 'ati'2ied e2ore other' can e addre''ed0 D#. Ab#a"a& Ma!l%w illu'trated thi' with hi' hierarchy

o2 hu$an need'0 Sur1i1al ha' a higher (riority than 'ecurity- which ha' a higher (riority than

'ocial acce(tance0 Sel2:e'tee$ can only e addre''ed to the degree that 'ocial acce(tance i' 2ul2illed0

Si$ilarly- 'el2:actuali>ation can only e (ur'ued to the degree that 'el2:e'tee$ ha' een 'ati'2ied0

A (er'on=' elie2'- 1alue' and identity are u'ually ac@uired uncon'ciou'ly a'ed on hi' (er'onal

e3(erience or o'er1ation' o2 other'= e3(erience' a' to what (roduce' de'irale or unde'irale re'ult'

in the en1iron$ent0 A ay=' learning to wal" and tal" i' a clear e3a$(le o2 identi2ying with hu$an

adult'- 1aluing the act o2 eing ale to ha1e the $oility and co$$unication aility o2 an adult and

the elie2- a'ed on uncon'ciou' o'er1ation- that hu$an' can do wal" and do tal" with each other0

Phy'iologi't' ha1e identi2ied the (art' o2 the hu$an rain that are in1ol1ed in (roducing

eha1ior in accordance with elie2' and 1alue'0 All in2or$ation collected y hu$an 'en'e' i' (a''edthrough a net:li"e grou( o2 cell'- "nown a' the %eticular Acti1ating Sy'te$ .%AS/- located near theto( o2 the rain 'te$0 The %AS co$(are' the data recei1ed with acce(ted 1alue'- (o'iti1e andnegati1e .threat'/- and elie2' 'tored in $e$ory and deter$ine' whether or not i$$ediate action i're@uired0 The re'ult' o2 the %AS=' co$(ari'on are co$$unicated to the


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'-

ingenuity- initiati1e- (er'e1erance- (unctuality- re'ource2ulne''- re'(ect 2or all- and

re'(on'iility

*0 &alue' related to PEACE areF Attention- cal$ne''- concentration- content$ent- dignity-

di'ci(line- e@uality- e@uani$ity- 2aith2ulne''- 2ocu'- gratitude- ha((ine''- har$ony- hu$ility-

inner 'ilence- o(ti$i'$- (atience- re2lection- 'ati'2action- 'el2:acce(tance- 'el2:con2idence-

'el2:control- 'el2:di'ci(line- 'el2:e'tee$- 'el2:re'(ect- 'en'e control- tolerance- and

under'tanding

60 &alue' related to T%?TH areF Accuracy- curio'ity- di'cern$ent- 2airne''- 2earle''ne''-

hone'ty- integrity .unity o2 thought- word- and deed/- intuition- 9u'tice- o(ti$i'$- (urity-@ue't 2or "nowledge- rea'on- 'el2:analy'i'- 'incerity- '(rit o2 en@uiry- 'ynthe'i'- tru't-

truth2ulne''- and deter$ination0

40 &alue' related to L&E areF Acce(tance- a22ection- care- co$(a''ion- con'ideration-

dedication- de1otion- e$(athy- 2orearance- 2orgi1ene''- 2riend'hi(- genero'ity- gentlene''-

hu$anne''- interde(endence- "indne''- (atience- (atrioti'$- re1erence- 'acri2ice-

'el2le''ne''- 'er1ice- 'haring- 'y$(athy- thought2ulne''- tolerance and tru't

70 &alue' related to NN:&ILENCE areF

.a/ PSJCHLGICALF Bene1olence- co$(a''ion- concern 2or other'- con'ideration-

2orearance- 2orgi1ene''- $anner'- ha((ine''- loyalty- $orality- and uni1er'al lo1e

.b/ SCIALF A((reciation o2 other culture' and religion'- rotherhood- care o2

en1iron$ent- citi>en'hi(- e@uality- har$le''ne''- national awarene''- (er'e1erance-

re'(ect 2or (ro(erty- and 'ocial 9u'tice0

PE%SE&E%ANCE i' de2ined a' (er'i'tence- deter$ination- re'olution- tenacity- dedication-

co$$it$ent- con'tancy- 'tead2a'tne''- 'ta$ina- endurance and inde2atigaility0 To (er'e1ere i'

de'cried a' to continue- carry on- 'tic" at it .in 2or$al/- "ee( going- (er'i't- (lug away- .in2or$al/-

re$ain- 'tand 2ir$- 'tand 2a't- hold on and hang on0 Per'e1erance uild' character0

ACC?%ACJ $ean' 2reedo$ 2ro$ $i'ta"e or error con2or$ity to truth or to a 'tandard or

$odel and e3actne''0 Accuracy i' de2ined a' correctne''- e3actne''- authenticity- truth- 1eracity-

clo'ene'' to truth .true 1alue/ and care2ulne''0 The 1alue o2 accuracy e$race' a large area and ha'$any i$(lication'0 Engineer' are encouraged to de$on'trate accuracy in their eha1ior through the

$ediu$ o2 (rai'e and other incenti1e'0 Accuracy include' telling the truth- not e3aggerating- and

ta"ing care o1er one=' wor"0

DISCE%N#ENT $ean' di'cri$ination- (erce(tion- (enetration- and in'ight0 Di'cern$ent $ean'

the (ower to 'ee what i' not o1iou' to the a1erage $ind0 It 'tre''e' accuracy- e'(ecially in reading

character or $oti1e'0 Di'cri$ination 'tre''e' the (ower to di'tingui'h or 'elect what i' true or

genuinely e3cellent0 Perce(tion i$(lie' @uic" and o2ten 'y$(athetic di'cern$ent- a' o2 'hade' o2

2eeling'0 Penetration i$(lie' a 'earching $ind that goe' eyond what i' o1iou' or 'u(er2icial0 In'ight

'ugge't' de(th o2 di'cern$ent0

De2inition' o2 other ter$' are gi1en in the a((ro(riate (age' o2 thi' oo"0

1.2.& E%+,$i%# %" H,/*# V*+,!

The hu$an 1alue' e1ol1e ecau'e o2 the 2ollowing 2actor'F

;0 The i$(act o2 nor$' o2 the 'ociety on the 2ul2ill$ent o2 the indi1idual=' need' or de'ire'0


20/185

Hu$an &alue'

*0 De1elo(ed or $odi2ied y one=' own awarene''- choice- and 9udg$ent in 2ul2illing

the need'0

60 By the teaching' and (ractice o2 Prece(tor' .Guru'/ or Sa1ior' or religiou' leader'0

40 o'tered or $odi2ied y 'ocial leader'- ruler' o2 "ingdo$- and y law .go1ern$ent/0

1.& ETHICS

Ethic' i' the word that re2er' to $oral'- 1alue'- and elie2' o2 the indi1idual'- 2a$ily or the 'ociety0

The word ha' 'e1eral $eaning'0 Ba'ically it i' an acti1ity and (roce'' o2 in@uiry0 Secondly- it i'

di22erent 2ro$ non:$oral (role$'- when dealing with i''ue' and contro1er'ie'0 Thirdly- ethic' re2er'to a (articular 'et o2 elie2'- attitude'- and hait' o2 indi1idual' or 2a$ily or grou(' concerned with

$oral'0 ourth- it i' u'ed to $ean


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'

#any co$(le3 'ocial (role$' e3i't in the indu'trial8u'ine'' 'cenario- ecau'eF

;0 The (eo(le de'ire to e recogni>ed a' indi1idual' and treated with dignity- a' li1ing hu$an

eing'0 or" i' intrin'ically 1aluale 'o 2ar a' it i' en9oyale or $eaning2ul in allowing

(er'onal e3(re''ion and 'el2:2ul2ill$ent0 #eaning2ul wor" i' worth doing 2or the 'en'e o2

(er'onal identity and the 'el2:e'tee$ it hold'0

*0 Econo$ic inde(endenceF or" i' the $a9or in'tru$ental good in li2e0 It i' the $ain 'ource

o2 (ro1iding the inco$e needed to a1oid econo$ic de(endence on other'- 2or otaining

de'ired $aterial' and 'er1ice'- and 2or achie1ing 'tatu' and recognition 2ro$ other'0

60 Pay a' well a' the (ace o2 wor" 'hould e in co$$en'urate with the e3(erti'e re@uired-

ac@uired- and utili>ed in the (er'on'0 E3(loitation and argained (ay 'hould e

di'couraged0

40 Pri1acy .(er'onal 2reedo$/ o2 the e$(loyee- including wo$en- i' to e (rotected0 At the

'a$e ti$e- con2identiality o2 the e$(loyer i' al'o to e (rotected0 #utual tru't and loyalty

oth way' (lay $a9or role' in thi' a'(ect0

70 Security during 9o and u(on retire$entF Thi' conce(t i' eing acce(ted only in go1ern$ent

9o'- (ulic li$ited co$(anie'- and cor(orate organi>ation'0 The we'tern thought ha'

in2luenced the Indian (ri1ate indu'trie' and $ultinational' in a (aradig$ 'hi2t 2ro$


22/185

Hu$an &alue' 3

To wor" .9o/- i' not 2or $onetary con'ideration' only0 Hu$an eing' elie1e that it i' good to

wor"0 or" i' good 2or the ody and $ind0 It (ro$ote' 'el2:re'(ect- 'el2:e'tee$- good 2or the 2a$ily-

and oligation to the 'ociety and allow the world to (ro'(er0 or" lay' a $oral and $eaning2ul

foundationforlife.Thatiswhy,workethicsaffirmsthat,thework per se i' worthy-

ad$irale and 1aluale at (er'onal and 'ocial le1el'0 It i$(ro1e' the @uality o2 li2e and $a"e' li2e

(ur(o'e2ul- 'ucce''2ul- and ha((y0

By wor" ethic'- dutie' to the 'el2- 2a$ily- 'ociety- and nation are 2ul2illed0 %ight' o2 the

indi1idual' are re'(ected and nouri'hed0 &alue' and 1irtue' are culti1ated and en9oyed y all hu$an

eing'0 urther- the @uality o2 li2e i' i$(ro1ed and the en1iron$ent (rotected0 n the other hand-

une$(loy$ent and under:e$(loy$ent lead to 2ru'tration- 'ocial ten'ion'- and occa'ional $ilitancy0

or a de1elo(ing econo$y and 'ociety- li"e our'- we need to promote wor" ethics- at all le1el'- to

2louri'h a' de1elo(ed nation0

1. SERVICE LERNING

Ser1ice learning re2er' to learning the 'er1ice (olicie'- (rocedure'- nor$'- and condition'- other than

ing and e3ecuting a 'ocially:rele1ant (ro9ect i' another e3a$(le o2 'er1ice learning0

The 'er1ice learning i' a $ethodology 2alling under the category o2 e3(eriential education60 It i'one o2 the 2or$' o2 e3(eriential learning and co$$unity 'er1ice o((ortunitie'0 It i' di'tingui'hed in

the 2ollowing way'F

;0 #onnection to curriculumF Integrating the learning into a 'er1ice (ro9ect i' a "ey to

'ucce''2ul 'er1ice learning0 Acade$ic tie' 'hould e clear and uilt u(on e3i'ting

di'ci(linary '"ill'0

*0 $earner%s voiceF Beyond eing acti1ely engaged in the (ro9ect- trainee' ha1e the

o((ortunity to 'elect- de'ign- i$(le$ent- and e1aluate their 'er1ice acti1ity0

60 &eflectionF Structured o((ortunitie' are created to thin"- tal"- and write aout the 'er1ice

e3(erience0 The alance o2 re2lection and action allow' the trainee to e con'tantly awareo2 the i$(act o2 their wor"0

40 'artners in the communityF Partner'hi( with co$$unity agencie' are u'ed to identi2y

genuine need'- (ro1ide $entor'hi(- and contriute in(ut 'uch a' laor and e3(erti'e toward'

co$(leting the (ro9ect0


23/185


24/185

Hu$an &alue' 7

2. Self-Restraint

or citi>en' to li1e in a 2ree 'ociety with li$ited go1ern$ent each citi>en $u't e ale to control or

re'train hi$'el2 otherwi'e- we would need a (olice 'tatethat i'- a dictatorial go1ern$ent to $aintain

'a2ety and order0 He ad1ocated 2or $orality and declared that ha((ine'' i' achie1ed and 'u'tained

through 1irtue' and $oral'0 He ad1ocated and de$on'trated 'el2:re'traint 'e1eral ti$e' in hi' (ri1ate

and (ulic li2e- and naturally he wa' a great leader0

3. Self-Assertion

Sel2:a''ertion $ean' that citi>en' $u't e (roud o2 their right'- and ha1e the courage to 'tand u( in

(ulic and de2end their right'0 So$eti$e'- a go1ern$ent $ay u'ur( the 1ery right' that it wa' created

to (rotect0 In 'uch ca'e'- it i' the right o2 the (eo(le to alter or aoli'h that go1ern$ent .e0g0- 1oting

right'- right' call ac"/0

4. Self-Reliance

Citi>en' who cannot (ro1ide 2or the$'el1e' will need a large go1ern$ent to ta"e care o2 the$0 nce

citi>en' eco$e de(endent on go1ern$ent 2or their a'ic need'- the (eo(le are no longer in a (o'ition

to de$and that go1ern$ent act within the con2ine' o2 the Con'titution0 Sel2:reliant citi>en' are 2ree

citi>en' in the 'en'e that they are not de(endent on other' 2or their a'ic need'0 They do not need a

large (ro1ider:go1ern$ent- which ha' the (otential to eco$e an o((re''i1e go1ern$ent- to $eet

tho'e need'0 nly a 'trong 'el2:reliant citi>enry will e ale to en9oy 2ully the le''ing' o2 lierty0

The'e ci1ic 1irtue'- a((licale to local- 'tate- and central go1ern$ent'- nouri'h 2reedo$ and ci1il

lierty at the root o2 de$ocracy0

1.4 RESPECT FOR OTHERS

Thi' i' a a'ic re@uire$ent 2or nurturing 2riend'hi(- tea$ wor"- and 2or the 'ynergy it (ro$ote' and

'u'tain'0 The (rinci(le' enunciated in thi' regard areF

;0 %ecogni>e and acce(t the e3i'tence o2 other (er'on' a' hu$an eing'- ecau'e they ha1e a

right to li1e- 9u't a' you ha1e0

*0 %e'(ect other'= idea' .deci'ion'/- word'- and laor .action'/0 ne need not acce(t or

a((ro1e or award the$- ut 'hall li'ten to the$ 2ir't0 ne can correct or warn- i2 they

co$$it $i'ta"e'0 So$e (eo(le $ay wait and watch a' 2un- i2 one 2all'- clai$ing that they

"now other'= $i'ta"e' e2ore and "now that they will 2all A((reciate colleague' and

'uordinate' on their (o'iti1e action'0 Critici>e con'tructi1ely and encourage the$0 They

are ound to i$(ro1e their (er2or$ance- y learning (ro(erly and y (utting $ore

e22ort'0

60 Show


25/185


e''ence o2 oriental (hilo'o(hy i' that one 'hould notfight 2or (eace0 It i' o3y$oron0 ar or (eace can

e won only y (eace- and not by wars (

ne 'hould ado(t the 2ollowing $ean' to li1e (eace2ully- in the worldF

Nu#:u#e

;0 rder in one=' li2e .'el2:regulation- di'ci(line- and duty/0

*0 Pure thought' in one=' 'oul .lo1ing other'- le''ing other'- 2riendly- and not

critici>ing or hurting other' y thought- word or deed/0

60 Creati1ity in one=' head .u'e2ul and con'tructi1e/0

40 Beauty in one=' heart .lo1e- 'er1ice- ha((ine''- and (eace/0Ge:

A$:

70 Good health8ody .(hy'ical 'trength 2or 'er1ice/0

,0 Hel( the needy with head- heart- and hand' .charity/0 Ser1ice to the (oor i'

con'idered holier than the 'er1ice to God0

0 Not hurting and torturing other' either (hy'ically- 1erally- or $entally0

The 2ollowing are the 2actor' that (ro$ote li1ing- with internal and e3ternal (eaceF

;0 Conduci1e en1iron$ent .'a2e- 1entilated- illu$inated and co$2ortale/0

*0 Secured 9o and $oti1ated with


26/185

Hu$an &alue' 11

or the hu$anity-


27/185


.c/ Deci'ion' .idea'- di'cretion/0

.d/ Action' .$ean'- ti$ing- (lace- and the goal'/0 and

.e/ Intended and unintended re'ult' achie1ed0

A' again't thi'- 'o$e o2 the action' o2 an engineer that lead' to di'hone'ty areF

;0 $yingF Hone'ty i$(lie' a1oidance o2 lying0 An engineer $ay co$$unicate wrong ordi'torted te't re'ult' intentionally or otherwi'e0 It i' gi1ing wrong in2or$ation to the right

(eo(le0

*0 )eliberate deceptionF An engineer $ay 9udge or decide on $atter' one i' not 2a$iliar or

with in'u22icient data or (roo2- to i$(re'' u(on the cu'to$er' or e$(loyer'0 Thi' i' a 'el2deceit0

60 *ithholding the informationF It $ean' hiding the 2act' during co$$unication to one='

'u(erior or 'uordinate- intentionally or otherwi'e0

40 +ot see"ing the truthF So$e engineer' acce(t the in2or$ation or data- without a((lying

their $ind and 'ee"ing the truth0

70 +ot maintaining confidentialityF It i' gi1ing right in2or$ation to wrong (eo(le0 The

engineer' 'hould "ee( in2or$ation o2 their cu'to$er'8client' or o2 their e$(loyer'

con2idential and 'hould not di'cu'' the$ with other'0

,0 Gi1ing (ro2e''ional 9udg$ent under the in2luence o2 e3traneou' 2actor' 'uch a' (er'onal

ene2it' and (re9udice0 The law'- e3(erience- 'ocial wel2are- and e1en con'cience are gi1en

a go:ye y 'uch action'0 Certainly thi' i' a higher:order cri$e0

1.1& COURGE

Courage i' the tendency to acce(t and 2ace ri'"' and di22icult ta'"' in rational way'0 Sel2:con2idence i'

the a'ic re@uire$ent to nurture courage0

Courage i' cla''i2ied into three ty(e'- a'ed on the ty(e' o2 ri'"'- na$ely

.a/ Phy'ical courage-

.b/ Social courage- and

.c/ Intellectual courage0 In (hy'ical courage- the thru't i' on the ade@uacy o2 the (hy'ical

'trength- including the $u'cle (ower and ar$a$ent'0 Peo(le with high adrenalin- $ay e

(re(ared to 2ace challenge' 2or the $ere


28/185

Hu$an &alue' 1&

with 'el2:con2idence- 'ucceed in achie1ing the de'ired ethical goal' through ethical $ean'0

((ortunitie' and threat e3i'ting and li"ely to e3i't in 2uture are al'o to e 'tudied and $ea'ure' to e

(lanned0 Thi' antici(atory $anage$ent will hel( any one to 2ace the 2uture with courage0

acing the critici'$- owning re'(on'iility- and acce(ting the $i'ta"e' or error' when co$$itted

and e3(o'ed are the e3(re''ion' o2 courage0 In 2act- thi' 'et' their $ind to e 1igilant again't the (a't

$i'ta"e'- and creati1e in 2inding the alternate $ean' to achie1e the de'ired o9ecti1e'0 Pro20 Sathi'h

Dhawan- Chie2 o2 IS%- wa' re(orted to ha1e e3hiited hi' courage and owned re'(on'iility- when

the (re1iou' '(ace $i''ion 2ailed- ut credited Pro20 A0P0!0 Adul Kala$ .now our re1ered Pre'ident/-

when the 'u'e@uent $i''ion 'ucceeded0

The courageou' (eo(le own and ha1e 'hown the 2ollowing characteri'tic'- in their (ro2e''ion'F

(a/ Per'e1erance .'u'tained hard wor"/-

.b/ E3(eri$entation .(re(aredne'' to 2ace the challenge'- that i'- une3(ected or unintended

re'ult'/-

.c/ In1ol1e$ent .attitude- clear and 2ir$ re'ol1e to act/- and

.d/ Co$$it$ent .willing to get into action and to reach the de'ired goal' y any alternati1e ut

ethical $ean'/0

1.1- VLUING TIMETi$e i' rare re'ource0 nce it i' '(ent- it i' lo't 2or e1er0 It can not e either 'tored or reco1ered0

Hence- ti$e i' the $o't (eri'hale and $o't 1aluale re'ource too0 Thi' re'ource i' continuou'ly

'(ent- whether any deci'ion or action i' ta"en or not0

The hi'tory o2 great re2or$er' and inno1ator' ha1e 'tre''ed the i$(ortance o2 ti$e and 1aluing

ti$e0 The (ro1er'- ethe 1alue o2 one day- a'" the daily:wage laorer to reali>e now the 1alue o2 one hour- a'" the lo1er'

longing to $eet to reali>e the 1alue o2 one $inute- a'" a (er'on who ha' $i''ed the train to reali>e

the 1alue o2 one 'econd- a'" the (er'on who ha' 'ur1i1ed an accident to reali>e the 1alue one $illi

'econd- a'" the (er'on who ha' won the ron>e $edal in ly$(ic' to reali>e the 1alue o2 one $icro

'econd- a'" the NASA tea$ o2 'cienti't' to reali>e the 1alue o2 one nano:'econd- a'" a Hardware

engineer I2 you ha1e 'till not reali>ed the 1alue o2 ti$e- wait are you an Engineer

1.1 COOPERTION

It i' a tea$:'(irit (re'ent with e1ery indi1idual engaged in engineering0 Co:o(eration i' acti1ityetween two (er'on' or 'ector' that ai$' at integration o2 o(eration' .'ynergy/- while not 'acri2icing the

autono$y o2 either (arty0 urther- wor"ing together en'ure'- coherence- i0e0- lending o2 di22erent

'"ill' re@uired- toward' co$$on goal'0

illingne'' to under'tand other'- thin" and act together and (utting thi' into (ractice- i'

coo(eration0 Coo(eration (ro$ote' collinearity- coherence .lend/- co:ordination .acti1itie' lin"ed in

'e@uence or


29/185


30/185

Hu$an &alue' 1

To (ractice e the out(ut and (ro2it- a' well a' $ini$i>ing the lo''0 hile dealing with

cu'to$er co$(laint'- e$(athy i' 1ery e22ecti1e in reali'ing the unia'ed 1iew' o2 other' and

in ad$itting one=' own li$itation' and 2ailure'0 According to Peter Druc"er- (ur(o'e o2 the

u'ine'' i' not to ma"e a sale- ut to ma"e and "eep a customer0 E$(athy a''i't' one in

de1elo(ing courage leading to 'ucce''

1.14 SELF8CONFIDENCE

Certainty in one=' own ca(ailitie'- 1alue'- and goal'- i' 'el2:con2idence0 The'e (eo(le are u'ually

(o'iti1e thin"ing- 2le3ile and willing to change0 They re'(ect other' 'o $uch a' they re'(ect

the$'el1e'0

Sel2:con2idence i' (o'iti1e attitude- wherein the indi1idual ha' 'o$e (o'iti1e and reali'tic 1iew

o2 hi$'el2- with re'(ect to the 'ituation' in which one get' in1ol1ed0 The (eo(le with 'el2:con2idence

e3hiit courage to get into action and un'ha"ale 2aith in their ailitie'- whate1er $ay e their

(o'ition'0 They are not in2luenced y threat' or challenge' and are (re(ared to 2ace the$ and the

natural or une3(ected con'e@uence'0

The 'el2:con2idence in a (er'on de1elo(' a 'en'e o2 (artner'hi(- re'(ect- and accountaility- and

thi' hel(' the organi>ation to otain $a3i$u$ idea'- e22ort'- and guideline' 2ro$ it' e$(loyee'0 The

(eo(le with 'el2:con2idence ha1e the 2ollowing characteri'tic'F

;0 A 'el2:a''ured 'tanding-

*0 illing to li'ten to learn 2ro$ other' and ado(t .2le3iility/-

60 ran" to '(ea" the truth- and

40 re'(ect other'= e22ort' and gi1e due credit0


31/185


n the contrary- 'o$e leader' e3(o'e other' when 2ailure occur'- and own the credit when

'ucce'' co$e'0

The 2actor' that 'ha(e 'el2:con2idence in a (er'on areF

;0 Heredity .attitude' o2 (arent'/ and 2a$ily en1iron$ent .elder'/-

*0 riend'hi( .in2luence o2 2riend'8colleague'/-

60 In2luence o2 'u(erior'8role $odel'- and

40 Training in the organi>ation . e0g0- training y Technical E1angeli't' at In2o'y'

Technologie'/0 The 2ollowing $ethodologie' are e22ecti1e in de1elo(ing 'el2:con2idence in a

(er'onF

;0 Encouraging ST analy'i'0 By e1aluating their 'trength and wea"ne''- they can antici(ate

and e (re(ared to 2ace the re'ult'0

*0 Training to e1aluate ri'"' and 2ace the$ .'el2:acce(tance/0

60 Sel2:tal" 0 It i' conditioning the $ind 2or (re(aring the 'el2 to act- without any dout on hi'

ca(ailitie'0 Thi' $a"e one acce(t' hi$'el2 while 'till 'tri1ing 2or i$(ro1e$ent0

40 Study and grou( di'cu''ion- on the hi'tory o2 leader' and inno1ator' .e0g0- Sa$ alton o2

al:#art- ?SA/0

1.17 CHLLENGES IN THE WOR PLCE

The igge't wor"(lace challenge i' 'aid to e the e$(loyee=' wor" ethic'F 'howing u( to wor" e1ery

day .intere't in wor" and attendance/- 'howing u( to wor" on ti$e .(unctuality/- ta"ing (ride in the

@uality o2 their wor"- co$$it$ent to the 9o- and getting along with other'0 Thi' 'ituation de$and'

inculcation o2 good character in the wor"(lace y e$(loyee'0

1.17.1 C9*6*5$!6

It i' a characteri'tic (ro(erty that de2ine' the eha1ior o2 an indi1idual0 It i' the (attern o2 1irtue'

.$orally:de'irale 2eature'/0 Character include' attriute' that deter$ine a (er'on=' $oral and ethical

action' and re'(on'e'0 It i' al'o the ground on which $oral' and 1alue' lo''o$0Peo(le are di1ided into 'e1eral categorie'- according to co$$on tendencie' 'uch a' ruthle''-

aggre''i1ene''- and a$ition- con'tricting 'el2i'hne''- 'tingine''- or cheer2ulne''- genero'ity and

goodwill0 Indi1idual' 1ary not only in the ty(e o2 their character ut al'o in the degree0 Tho'e who'e

li1e' are deter$ined and directed y the (re1ailing hait'- 2a'hion'- elie2'- attitude'- o(inion' and

1alue' o2 the 'ociety in which they li1e ha1e at e't a de1elo(ed social a' o((o'ed to an individual

character0

The character i' e3hiited through conduct0 Character i' deter$ined y the e3(ectation' o2

'ociety0 #any act and li1e within it' nor$'- re2u'ing to 2all elow the re@uired 'ocial $ini$u$-

2ailing to ri'e ao1e the $a3i$u$ e3(ected o2 a nor$al $e$er o2 the grou(0 n one e3tre$e are

tho'e that do not e1en con2or$ to the $ini$u$ 'tandard'- and 2ail to ac@uire the 'ocially:re@uiredeha1ior'- attitude' and 1alue'0 The'e indi1idual' ha1e an un2or$ed 'ocial character0 At the other

e3tre$e are tho'e who'e elie2'- attitude' and 1alue' are deter$ined internally y the 'trength o2 their

own con1iction'0 The'e are indi1idual' with de1elo(ed $ind' and 2or$ed character' o2 their own0

Indi1idual' do not li1e or act in a 1acuu$0 They e3i't and act in a hu$an 'ocial en1iron$ent o2

other (eo(le that con'tantly act on the$ and react to their action'0 They al'o li1e in a natural

en1iron$ent o2 (hy'ical o9ect' and $aterial 2orce' 'uch a' the wind' and rain'0 And tho'e with occult

and '(iritual


32/185

Hu$an &alue' 13

tradition' recogni>e that there i' al'o a 'utle en1iron$ent o2 other (lane' o2 e3i'tence- oth higher

(lane' o2 '(iritual in2luence and lower (lane' o2 negati1e 2orce' in uni1er'al nature 'ee"ing to act on

the li1e'0 All o2 the 'ocial- $aterial and the occult (lane' con'titute the 2ield o2 hu$an acti1ity0 Each

o2 the$ 2unction' according to it' own law' or (rinci(le'0 Each o2 the$ ha' it' own characteri'tic

$ode' o2 action and in2luence on hu$an li2e0

Character i' the e3(re''ion o2 the (er'onality o2 a hu$an eing- and that it re1eal' it'el2 in one='

conduct0 In thi' 'en'e e1ery hu$an ha' a character0 At the 'a$e ti$e only hu$an eing'- not ani$al'

ha1e characterF it i$(lie' rationality0 But in addition to thi' u'age- the ter$ i' al'o e$(loyed in a

narrower 'en'e- a' when we '(ea" o2 a (er'on o2 character0 In thi' connotation- character i$(lie'

certain unity o2 @ualitie' with a recogni>ale degree o2 constancy in $ode o2 action0 P'ychologyanaly>e' the ele$ent' o2 character to trace the law' o2 it' growth- to di'tingui'h the chie2 agencie'

which contriute to the 2or$ation o2 di22erent ty(e' o2 character- and to cla''i2y the$0 #any

('ychologi't' world o1er- during the la't 4+ year' ha1e gi1en a large @uantity o2 acute o'er1ation' on

the to(ic o2 character0 Still the'e contriution' do not con'titute a 'cience0

1.17.2 T9! F%,6 T!/!6*/!#$0

The original endow$ent or nati1e ele$ent in character with which the indi1idual 'tart' li2e i'

(ractically identical with what the Ancient' recogni>ed a' temperament. ro$ the ti$e' o2

Hi((ocrate'- they di'tingui'hed 2our $ain ty(e' o2 te$(era$ent'F the Sanguine- the Choleric- the

Phleg$atic- and the #elancholic0 The $odern '(eculation acce(t' the 'a$e cla''i2ication- ut under

other na$e'0 The'e di22erent ty(e' o2 te$(era$ent' are accounted 2or di22erence' in (hy'iological

condition' o2 the ti''ue' o2 the ody- y di1er'e rate' o2 acti1itie' in the (roce''e' o2 nutrition and

wa'te- in the change' o2 ner1e:energy- or in circulation- and y di22erence' o2 tonicity in the ner1e'0

Irre'(ecti1e o2 the (hy'iological e3(lanation- the 2our:2old cla''i2ication 'ee$' to e 2air0 #oreo1er-

though 'cienti't' are 'till 2ar 2ro$ agreeing u(on the (reci'e ele$ent' in the organi'$ on which

te$(era$ent de(end'- the 2act that di22erent 2or$' o2 te$(era$ent' ha1e an organic a'i' 'uch a'

hormones 'ee$' certain0 Although our original te$(era$ent i' gi1en to u' inde(endently o2 our will

y heredity- we (lay an i$(ortant (art in $oulding our character- and we thu' eco$e re'(on'ile 2or

certain ethical @ualitie' in it0Character ha' een de2ined a' natural temperament completely fashioned by the will0 It i'- in

2act- a re'ultant o2 our ac@uired hait' with our original di'(o'ition0 The regular u'e o2 the intellect-

the controlled acti1ity o2 the i$agination- the (ractice o2 9udg$ent and re2lection- all contriute to the

2or$ation and re2ine$ent o2 hait' o2 $ind0 The 2re@uent indulgence in (articular 2or$' o2 e$otion-

'uch a' anger- en1y- 'y$(athy- $elancholy- 2ear- and the li"e- 2o'ter' tendencie' toward' the'e

'enti$ent' which gi1e a 'ucon'ciou' ent to a large (art o2 $an=' eha1ior0 But 2inally- the e3erci'e

o2 the will (lay' the (redo$inant role in $oulding the ty(e o2 character0 The $anner and degree in

which current' o2 thought and wa1e' o2 e$otion are initiated- guided- and controlled y the will- or

allowed to 2ollow the cour'e o2 '(ontaneou' i$(ul'e- ha' $ore e22ect in deter$ining the re'ultant

ty(e o2 character than the @uality o2 the thought' or e$otion' the$'el1e'0

The li2e o2 the ani$al i' entirely ruled y in'tinct 2ro$ within- and y accidental circu$'tance'

2ro$ without0 It i' there2ore inca(ale o2 ac@uiring a character0 A hu$an- through rea'oning and the

growth o2 re2lection- y the e3erci'e o2 choice again't the i$(ul'e- gradually de1elo(' 'el2:control

and it i' y the e3erci'e o2 thi' (ower that $oral character i' 2or$ed and re2or$ed0 Character i' in 2act


33/185


the outco$e o2 a 'erie' o2 1olition'- and it i' 2or thi' rea'on we are re'(on'ile 2or our character'- a'

we are 2or the indi1idual hait' which go to con'titute the$0

1.17.& T'! %" C9*6*5$!6

ro$ the 2our 2unda$ental te$(era$ent'- 1ariou' cla''i2ication' o2 character ha1e een ado(ted y

di22erent ('ychologi't'0 The intellectual- the e$otional- and the 1olitional or energetic are the chie2

ty(e' with A0 Bain0 #0 PRre>- a'ed on the (heno$enon o2 $o1e$ent- di'tingui'he' character' a'

li1ely- 'low- ardent- and well:alanced0 #0 %iot- with $ore 'u9ecti1e di1i'ion and e3cluding

inde2inite ty(e' a' e' the 2or$' a'F

.a/ the 'en'iti1e .hu$le- conte$(lati1e and e$otional-

.b/ the acti1e .great and the $ediocre/- and

.c/ the a(athetic .(urely a(athetic or dull/- and

.d/ the intelligent0

1.17.- E$9i5 *#: C9*6*5$!6

hil't ('ychology in1e'tigate' the growth o2 di22erent ty(e' o2 character- ethic' con'ider' the relati1e

1alue o2 'uch ty(e' and the 1irtue' which con'titute the$0 The (role$ o2 the true $oral ideal i' a

@ue'tion o2 the relati1e 1alue o2 di22erent ty(e' o2 character0 The e22ect on the (er'on=' character o2 a

(articular 2or$ o2 conduct i' a uni1er'ally acce(ted a' a te't o2 it' $oral @uality0 Di22erent 'y'te$' o2ethic' e$(ha'i>e di22erent 1irtue' in con'tituting the ideal $oral character0 ith the utilitarian- who

(lace' the ethical end in the $a3i$u$ ha((ine'' 2or the whole co$$unity- benevolence will 2or$ the

(ri$ary ele$ent in the ideal character0 or the 'toic- 2ortitude and self-control are the chie2

e3cellence'0

In all conce(tion' o2 ideal character- 2ir$ne'' o2 will- 2ortitude- con'tancy in adhering to

(rinci(le or in (ur'uit o2 a nole ai$ are held i$(ortant0 A $an o2 character i' 2re@uently e@ui1alent

to eing ca(ale o2 adhering to a 2i3ed (ur(o'e0 Another e''ential i' the 1irtue o2 9u'tice- the

recognition o2 the right'- dutie'- and clai$' o2 other'0 The richer the culture o2 the $ind- the larger the

intellectual hori>on- the roader the 'y$(athie'- the $ore will the character a((ro3i$ate to the ideal

o2 hu$an (er2ection0

1.17. E:,5*$i%# *#: C9*6*5$!6

The ai$ o2 education i' not only the culti1ation o2 the intellect ut al'o the 2or$ation o2 $oral

character0 Increa'ed intelligence or (hy'ical '"ill $ay a' ea'ily e e$(loyed to the detri$ent or ene2it

o2 the co$$unity- i2 not acco$(anied y i$(ro1ed will0 It i' the 2unction o2 ethic' to deter$ine the

ideal' o2 hu$an character0 The theory and 'cience o2 education are to 'tudy the (roce''e' y which

that end $ay e attained0

1.17. B,i+:i#; C9*6*5$!6 i# $9! W%6


34/185

Hu$an &alue' 17

.b/ Pro$inently and e3(licitly include character con'ideration' in recruiting (rocedure'-

during inter1iew' and in the hiring delieration'0

.c/ E$(ha'i>e the i$(ortance o2 character and adherence to the en'hi(0 %e'(ect $ean' 'howing high regard 2or 'el2- other'- authority- (ro(erty and

country0 It include' 'howing a((reciation 2or cultural di1er'ity y 1aluing all (eo(le a'

hu$an eing'0 %e'(on'iility i'

.i/ eing accountale 2or one=' action'-.ii/ eing de(endale in carrying out oligation' and dutie'-

.iii/ eing reliale and con'i'tent in word and action- and

.iv/ eing co$$itted to co$$unity de1elo($ent0 Integrity or 2airne'' $ean' 'howing the

inner 'trength and courage to e truth2ul- tru'tworthy- 2air and hone't in all thing'0 It

include' acting 9u'tly and honoraly0 Caring $ean' eing "ind- con'iderate- courteou'-

hel(2ul- 2riendly and generou' to other'- and eing co$(a''ionate y treating other' a'

you would li"e to e treated0 Citi>en'hi( $ean' acce(ting and ado(ting ci1ic right'

and dutie' a' a citi>en o2 the country0

.d/ Include e1aluation o2 2unda$ental character 1alue' 'uch a' hone'ty- (ro$i'e "ee(ing-accountaility- 2airne''- and caring- in a((rai'al'8re1iew'0

.e/ In'titute recognition and reward 'y'te$ 2or the e$(loyee' who e3e$(li2y the (o'iti1e

character0 2or e3a$(le- award' and $edal'0

.f/ Thin" o2 your e$(loyee'- e'(ecially the younger one'- a' (eo(le who'e (er'onal and wor"

1alue' will e in2luenced y what you e3(ect o2 the$ and how you treat the$0

.g/ Thin" o2 your e$(loyee' a' (re'ent or 2uture $entor'- coache'- and 1olunteer'0

2. $nternal Comm%nication

?'e internal co$$unication channel' to create a 2riendly en1iron$ent that (rai'e' (o'iti1e role

$odeling at the wor"(lace and in the co$$unity y encouraging 1oluntari'$- and $entoring- e0g0-through

.a/ Internal new'letter'-

.b/ or"(lace (o'ter' in canteen' and recreation roo$'-

.c/ #ailer'- and

.d/ Electronic $ail'0

3. E&ternal Comm%nication

In relation' with cu'to$er'- 1endor' and other'- con'ciou'ly co$$unicate a22ir$ing $e''age' aout

character and ethic'- 'uch a'.a/ Ad1erti'e and $ar"et honoring con'en'ual 1alue' .the 'i3 (illar'/-

.b/ A''ure that none o2 your (roduct' and 'er1ice' under$ine' character uilding-

.c/ Include (o'iti1e $e''age' aout 1oluntari'$ and celerate- and

.d/


35/185


4. 'inancial and %man Reso%rces

.a/ Su((ort local and national ation0

.b/ S(on'or er 2or the 'oil e and acce(t (eo(le the way they are0

&ariety i' the order o2 the day0 But one can in2luence their $ind to thin" and act together0 S(irituality i'

al'o 2un0 or"ing i' o"ay- ut you al'o need to ha1e 2un in o22ice to "ee( your'el2 charged u(0

Tolerance and e$(athy are the re2lection' o2 '(irituality0 Blue and 'a22ron color' are 'aid to e

a''ociated with '(irituality0

Creati1ity in '(irituality $ean' con'ciou' e22ort' to 'ee thing' di22erently- to rea" out o2 hait'

and outdated elie2' to 2ind new way' o2 thin"ing- doing and eing0 Su((re''ion o2 creati1ity lead' to

1iolence0 Peo(le are naturally creati1e0 hen they are 2orced to cru'h their creati1ity- it' energy turn'

to de'tructi1e relea'e and action'0 Creati1ity include' the u'e o2 color- hu$or and 2reedo$ to enhance(roducti1ity0 Creati1ity i' 2un0 hen (eo(le en9oy what they do- it i' in1ol1e$ent0 They wor" $uch

harder0

1.20.1 Si6i$,*+i$' i# $9! W%6


36/185

Hu$an &alue' 21

*0 Get to "now the (eo(le with who$ you wor" and "now what i' i$(ortant to the$0 Know

their goal'- de'ire'- and drea$' too0

60 State your (er'onal ethic' and your elie2' clearly0

40 Su((ort cau'e' out'ide the u'ine''0

70 Encourage leader' to u'e 1alue:a'ed di'cretion in $a"ing deci'ion'0

,0 De$on'trate your own 'el2:"nowledge and '(irituality in all your action'0

0 Do unto other' a' you would ha1e the$ do unto you0

1.20.2 S6i$,*+i$' "%6 C%6%6*$! Ex5!++!#5!4

The '(iritual trait' to e de1elo(ed 2or e3cellence in cor(orate acti1itie' are li'ted a' 2ollow'F

;0 elf-awareness %eali>ation o2 'el2:(otential0 A hu$an ha' i$$en'e ca(aility ut it

need' to e de1elo(ed0

*0 Alertness in observation and quic"ness in decision ma"ing- i0e0- '(ontaneity which include'

@uic" re2le3e'- no delay ut al'o no ha'ty deci'ion'0

60 eing visionary and value based Thi' include' an attitude toward' 2uture o2 the

organi>ation and the 'ociety- with clear o9ecti1e'0

40 /olism hole 'y'te$ or co$(rehen'i1e 1iew' and interconnected with di22erent a'(ect'0

Holi'tic thin"ing- which $ean' the wel2are o2 the 'el2- 2a$ily- organi>ation and the 'ocietyincluding all other li1ing eing' and en1iron$ent0

70 #ompassion Sy$(athy- e$(athy and concern 2or other'0 The'e are e''ential 2or not only

uilding the tea$ ut al'o 2or it' e22ecti1e 2unctioning0

,0 &espect for diversity It $ean' 'earch 2or unity in di1er'ity i0e0- re'(ect other' and their

1iew'0

0 0oral Autonomy It $ean' action a'ed on rational and $oral 9udg$ent0 ne need not

2ollow the crowd or $a9ority i0e0- and:wagon e22ect0

50 #reative thin"ing and constant reasoning Thin" i2 we can do 'o$ething new and i2 we

can i$(ro1e 2urther0 Ability to analy1e and synthesi1e %e2rain 2ro$ doing 'o$ething only traditional0

;+0 'ositive views of adversity #a"e ad1er'itie' one=' 'ource o2 (owera ty(ical Kar$a

yogi=' outloo" E1ery threat i' con1erted into o((ortunity0

;;0 /umility The attitude to acce(t critici'$ .it re@uire' courage/ and willing to correct0 It

include' $ode'ty and ac"nowledging the wor" o2 colleague'0

;*0 ense of vocation Treat the duty a' a 'er1ice to 'ociety- e'ide' your organi>ation0


37/185

9"ap:e# ; , Engnee#ng E:"$!

2.0 OVERVIEW

Engineering Ethic' i' the acti1ity and di'ci(line ai$ed at

.a/ under'tanding the $oral 1alue' that ought to guide engineering (ro2e''ion or (ractice-

.b/ re'ol1ing $oral i''ue' in engineering- and

.c/ 9u'ti2ying the $oral 9udg$ent' in engineering0 It deal' with 'et o2 $oral (role$' and i''ue'

connected with engineering0

Engineering ethic' i' de2ined y the code' and 'tandard' o2 conduct endor'ed y engineering

.(ro2e''ional/ 'ocietie' with re'(ect to the (articular 'et o2 elie2'- attitude' and hait' di'(layed y

the indi1idual or grou(0

Another i$(ortant goal o2 engineering ethic' i' the di'co1ery o2 the 'et o2 9u'ti2ied $oral

(rinci(le' o2 oligation- right' and ideal' that ought to e endor'ed y the engineer' and a((ly the$ to

concrete 'ituation'0 Engineering i' the large't (ro2e''ion and the deci'ion' and action' o2 engineer'

a22ect all o2 u' in al$o't all area' o2 our li1e'- na$ely (ulic 'a2ety- health- and wel2are0

2.01 S5%!

The 'co(e o2 engineering ethic' are two2oldF

;0 Ethic' o2 the wor"(lace which in1ol1e' the co:wor"er' and e$(loyee' in an organi>ation0

*0 Ethic' related to the (roduct or wor" which in1ol1e' the tran'(ortation- warehou'ing- and

u'e- e'ide' the 'a2ety o2 the end (roduct and the en1iron$ent out'ide the 2actory0

2.02 6%*59

There are con1entionally two a((roache' in the 'tudy o2 ethic'F

;0 #icro:ethic' which deal' with deci'ion' and (role$' o2 indi1idual'- (ro2e''ional'- and

co$(anie'0

*0 #acro:ethic' which deal' with the 'ocietal (role$' on a regional8national le1el0 or

e3a$(le- gloal i''ue'- collecti1e re'(on'iilitie' o2 grou(' 'uch a' (ro2e''ional 'ocietie'

and con'u$er grou('0


38/185

Engineering Ethic' 2&

2.1 SENSES OF ENGINEERING ETHICS

There are two di22erent 'en'e' .$eaning'/ o2 engineering ethic'- na$ely the Nor$ati1e and the

De'cri(ti1e 'en'e'0 The nor$ati1e 'en'e includeF

.a/ Knowing $oral 1alue'- 2inding accurate 'olution' to $oral (role$' and 9u'ti2ying $oral

9udg$ent' in engineering (ractice'-

.b/ Study o2 deci'ion'- (olicie'- and 1alue' that are $orally de'irale in the engineering

(ractice and re'earch- and

.c/ ?'ing code' o2 ethic' and 'tandard' and a((lying the$ in their tran'action' y engineer'0

The de'cri(ti1e 'en'e re2er' to what '(eci2ic indi1idual or grou( o2 engineer' elie1e and

act- without 9u'ti2ying their elie2' or action'0

2.2 VRIETY OF MORL ISSUES

It would e rele1ant to "now why and how do $oral i''ue' .(role$'/ ari'e in a (ro2e''ion or why do

(eo(le eha1e unethically The rea'on' 2or (eo(le including the e$(loyer and e$(loyee'- eha1ing

unethically $ay e cla''i2ied into three categorie'F

1. R!%,65! C6,#59

Due to (re''ure- through ti$e li$it'- a1ailaility o2 $oney or udgetary con'traint'- and technologydecay or o'ole'cence0 Pre''ure 2ro$ the go1ern$ent to co$(lete the (ro9ect in ti$e .e0g0- e2ore the

election'/- reduction in the udget ecau'e o2 'udden war or natural cala$ity .e0g0- T'una$i/ and

o'ole'cence due technology inno1ation y the co$(etitor lead to $ani(ulation and un'a2e and

unethical e3ecution o2 (ro9ect'0

In1ol1ing indi1idual' in the de1elo($ent o2 goal' and 1alue' and de1elo(ing (olicie' that allow

2or indi1idual di1er'ity- di''ent- and in(ut to deci'ion:$a"ing will (re1ent unethical re'ult'0

2. O%6$,#i$'

.a/ Doule 'tandard' or eha1ior o2 the e$(loyer' toward' the e$(loyee' and the (ulic0 The

unethical eha1ior' o2 orld Co$ .in ?SA/- Enron .in ?SA a' well a' India/ e3ecuti1e' in

*++* re'ulted in an"ru(tcy 2or tho'e co$(anie'-

.b/ #anage$ent (ro9ecting their own intere't' $ore than that o2 their e$(loyee'0 So$e

organi>ation' o1er:e$(ha'i>e 'hort:ter$ gain' and re'ult' at the e3(en'e o2 the$'el1e' and

other'-

.c/ E$(ha'i' on re'ult' and gain' at the e3(en'e o2 the e$(loyee'- and

.d/ #anage$ent y o9ecti1e'- without 2ocu' on e$(ower$ent and i$(ro1e$ent o2 the

in2ra'tructure0

Thi' i' e't encountered y de1elo(ing (olicie' that allow


39/185

A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'2-

.b/ A'ence o2 grie1ance redre''al $echani'$-

.c/ Lac" o2 (ro$otion or career de1elo($ent (olicie' or denied (ro$otion'-

.d/ Lac" o2 tran'(arency-

.e/ A'ence o2 recognition and reward 'y'te$- and

.f/ Poor wor"ing en1iron$ent'0

Gi1ing ethic' training 2or all- recogni>ing ethical conduct in wor" (lace- including ethic' in

(er2or$ance a((rai'al- and encouraging o(en di'cu''ion on ethical i''ue'- are 'o$e o2 the direction'

to (ro$ote (o'iti1e attitude' a$ong the e$(loyee'0

To get 2ir$ and (o'iti1e e22ect- ethical 'tandard' $u't e 'et and ado(ted y the 'enior

$anage$ent- with in(ut 2ro$ all (er'onnel0

2.& TYPES OF IN=UIRIES

The three ty(e' o2 in@uirie'- in 'ol1ing ethical (role$' areF nor$ati1e in@uiry- conce(tual in@uiry-

and 2actual or de'cri(ti1e in@uiry0

The three ty(e' o2 in@uirie' are di'cu''ed elow to illu'trate the di22erence' and (re2erence0

1. N%6/*$i! I#>,i6'

It 'ee"' to identi2y and 9u'ti2y the $orally:de'irale nor$' or 'tandard' that 'hould guide indi1idual'

and grou('0 It al'o ha' the theoretical goal o2 9u'ti2ying (articular $oral 9udg$ent'0 Nor$ati1e

@ue'tion' are aout what ought to e and what i' good- a'ed on $oral 1alue'0 or e3a$(le-

;0 How 2ar doe' the oligation o2 engineer' to (rotect (ulic 'a2ety e3tend in any gi1en'ituation

*0 hen- i2 e1er- 'hould engineer' e e3(ected to low whi'tle on dangerou' (ractice' o2 their

e$(loyer'

60 ho'e 1alue' ought to e (ri$ary in $a"ing 9udg$ent aout acce(tale ri'"' in de'ign 2or

a (ulic tran'(ort 'y'te$ or a nuclear (lant I' it o2 $anage$ent- 'enior engineer'-go1ern$ent- 1oter' or all o2 the$

40 hen and why i' the go1ern$ent 9u'ti2ied in inter2ering with the organi'ation'

70 hat are the rea'on' on which the engineer' 'how their oligation' to their e$(loyee' or

client' or the (ulic

2. C%#5!$,*+ I#>,i6'

It i' directed to clari2y the $eaning o2 conce(t' or idea' or (rinci(le' that are e3(re''ed y word' or

y @ue'tion' and 'tate$ent'0 or e3a$(le-

.a/ hat i' $eant y 'a2ety

.b/ How i' it related to ri'"

.c/ hat i' a rie

.d/ hat i' a (ro2e''ion

hen $oral conce(t' are di'cu''ed- nor$ati1e and conce(tual i''ue' are clo'ely interconnected0


40/185

Engineering Ethic' 2

&. F*5$,*+ %6 D!56i$i! I#>,i6'

It i' ai$ed to otain 2act' needed 2or under'tanding and re'ol1ing 1alue i''ue'0 %e'earcher' conduct

2actual in@uirie' u'ing $athe$atical or 'tati'tical techni@ue'0 The in@uiry (ro1ide i$(ortant

in2or$ation on u'ine'' realitie'- engineering (ractice- and the e22ecti1ene'' o2 (ro2e''ional 'ocietie'

in 2o'tering $oral conduct- the (rocedure' u'ed in ri'" a''e''$ent- and ('ychological (ro2ile' o2

engineer'0 The 2act' (ro1ide not only the rea'on' 2or $oral (role$' ut al'o enale u' to de1elo(

alterati1e way' o2 re'ol1ing $oral (role$'0 or e3a$(le-

;0 How were the ene2it' a''e''ed

*0 hat are (rocedure' 2ollowed in ri'" a''e''$ent60 hat are 'hort:ter$ and long:ter$ e22ect' o2 drin"ing water eing (olluted and

40 ho conducted the te't' on $aterial'

2.- MORL DILEMM

2.-.1 D!"i#i$i%#

Dile$$a' are 'ituation' in which $oral rea'on' co$e into con2lict- or in which the a((lication o2

$oral 1alue' are (role$'- and one i' not clear o2 the i$$ediate choice or 'olution o2 the (role$'0

#oral rea'on' could e right'- dutie'- good' or oligation'0 The'e 'ituation' do not $ean that thing'had gone wrong- ut they only indicate the (re'ence o2 $oral co$(le3ity0 Thi' $a"e' the deci'ion

$a"ing co$(le30 or e3a$(le- a (er'on (ro$i'ed to $eet a 2riend and dine- ut he ha' to hel( hi'

uncle who i' in1ol1ed in an accident one ha' to 2i3 the (riority0

There are 'o$e di22icultie' in arri1ing at the 'olution to the (role$'- in dile$$a0 The three

co$(le3 'ituation' leading to $oral dile$$a' areF

;0 The (role$ o2 vaguenessF ne i' unale to di'tingui'h etween good and ad .right or

wrong/ (rinci(le0 Good $ean' an action that i' oligatory0 or e3a$(le- code o2 ethic'

'(eci2ie' that one 'hould oey the law' and 2ollow 'tandard'0 %e2u'e rie or acce(t the

gi2t- and $aintain con2identiality*0 The (role$ o2 conflicting reasonsF ne i' unale to choo'e etween two good $oral'olution'0

ne ha' to 2i3 (riority- through "nowledge or 1alue 'y'te$0

60 The (role$ o2 disagreementF There $ay e two or $ore 'olution' and none o2 the$

$andatory0 The'e 'olution' $ay e etter or wor'e in 'o$e re'(ect' ut not in all a'(ect'0

ne ha' to inter(ret- a((ly di22erent $orally rea'on'- and analy>e and ran" the deci'ion'0

Select the e't 'uitale- under the e3i'ting and the $o't (roale condition'0

2.-.2 S$! $% S%+! Di+!//*

The logical 'te(' in con2ronting $oral dile$$a areF

;0 Identi2ication o2 the $oral 2actor' and rea'on'0 The clarity to identi2y the rele1ant $oral

1alue' 2ro$ a$ong dutie'- right'- good' and oligation' i' otained .conce(tual in@uiry/0

The $o't u'e2ul re'ource in identi2ying dile$$a' in engineering i' the (ro2e''ional code'

o2 ethic'- a' inter(reted y the (ro2e''ional e3(erience0 Another re'ource i' tal"ing with

colleague' who can 2ocu' or narrow down the choice o2 1alue'0


41/185


*0 Collection o2 all in2or$ation- data- and 2act' .2actual in@uiry/ rele1ant to the 'ituation0

60 %an" the $oral o(tion' i0e0- (riority in a((lication through 1alue 'y'te$- and al'o a'

oligatory- all right- acce(tale- not acce(tale- da$aging- and $o't da$aging etc0 or

e3a$(le- in 2ul2illing re'(on'iility- the code' gi1e (ri$e i$(ortance to (ulic 'a2ety and

(rotection o2 the en1iron$ent- a' co$(ared to the indi1idual' or the e$(loyer'

.conce(tual in@uiry/0

40 Generate alternate cour'e' o2 action to re'ol1e the dile$$a0 rite down the $ain o(tion'

and 'u:o(tion' a' a $atri3 or deci'ion tree to en'ure that all o(tion' are included0

70 Di'cu'' with colleague' and otain their (er'(ecti1e'- (rioritie'- and 'ugge'tion' on 1ariou'alternati1e'0

,0 Decide u(on a 2inal cour'e o2 action- a'ed on (riority 2i3ed or a''u$ed0 I2 there i' no ideal

'olution- we arri1e at a (artially 'ati'2actory or


42/185

Engineering Ethic' 23

Autono$y which i' the inde(endence in $a"ing deci'ion' and action'- i' di22erent 2ro$

authority0 Authority (ro1ide' 2reedo$ 2or action- '(eci2ied within li$it'- de(ending on the 'ituation0

#oral autono$y and re'(ect 2or authority can coe3i't0 They are not again't each other0 I2 the authority

o2 the engineer and the $oral autono$y o2 the o(erator are in con2lict- a con'en'u' i' otained y the

two- u(on di'cu''ion and $utual under'tanding their li$it'0

2. MORL DEVELOPMENT (THEORIES)

1. %9+?!6; T9!%6'

#oral de1elo($ent in hu$an eing occur' o1erage and e3(erience0 Kohlerg 'ugge'ted there are

three le1el' o2 $oral de1elo($ent- na$ely (re:con1entional- con1entional- and (o't:con1entional-

a'ed on the ty(e o2 rea'oning and $oti1ation o2 the indi1idual' in re'(on'e to $oral @ue'tion'0

In the (re:con1entional le1el- right conduct 2or an indi1idual i' regarded a' whate1er directly

ene2it' one'el20 At thi' le1el- indi1idual' are $oti1ated y oedience or the de'ire to a1oid

(uni'h$ent or to 'ati'2y their own need' or y the in2luence y (ower on the$0 All young children

e3hiit thi' tendency0 At the con1entional le1el- (eo(le re'(ect the law and authority0 %ule' and

nor$' o2 one=' 2a$ily or grou( or 'ociety i' acce(ted- a' the 'tandard o2 $orality0 Indi1idual' in thi'

le1el want to (lea'e or 'ati'2y- and get a((ro1al y other' and to $eet the e3(ectation' o2 the 'ociety-

rather than their 'el2 intere't .e0g0- good oy- good girl/0 Loyalty i' regarded a' $o't i$(ortant0 #anyadult' do not go eyond thi' le1el0

At the (o't:con1entional le1el- (eo(le are called autonomous0 They thin" originally and want to

li1e y uni1er'ally good (rinci(le' and wel2are o2 other'0 They ha1e no 'el2:intere't0 They li1e y

(rinci(led con'cience0 They 2ollow the golden rule-


43/185


The theorie' o2 $oral de1elo($ent y Kohlerg and Gilligan di22er in the 2ollowing re'(ect'0

Kohlbergs Theory Carol Gilligans Theory

A. Basic Aspects

;0 I' a'ed on the 'tudy on $en0

*0 #en gi1e i$(ortance to $oral rule0

60 Ethic' o2 rule' and right'0

;0 I' a'ed on the 'tudy on $en and wo$en

*0 o$en alway' want to "ee( u( the

(er'onal relation'hi(' with all the

(er'on' in1ol1ed in the 'ituation'0

60 o$en gi1e attention to circu$'tance'leading to critical 'ituation' rather than

rule'F

.conte3t:oriented and ethic' o2 care/

B Characteristic Features

;0 !u'tice

*0 actual

60 %ight or wrong

40 Logic only

70 Logic and rule:a'ed

,0 Le'' o2 caring

0 #atter o2 2act .(ractical/

50 Pre'ent 2ocu'

0 Strict rule'

;+0 Inde(endence

;;0 %igid

;*0 Ta"ing a co$$anding role

;60 Tran'actional a((roach

;0 %ea'on

*0 E$otional

60 I$(act on relation'hi('

40 Co$(a''ion too

70 Caring and concern

,0 #ore o2 caring

0 A'tract

50 uture 2ocu'

0 #a"ing e3ce(tion'

;+0 De(endence

;;0 Hu$an:oriented

;*0 Shying away 2ro$ deci'ion:$a"ing

;60 Tran'2or$ational a((roach

The di22erence in the'e two theorie' i' e3(lained through the well:"nown e3a$(le- /ein1%s

dilemma;0 Hein> eing (oor and a detor could not uy the co'tly $edicine 2or hi' 'ic" wi2e- at ten

ti$e' the nor$al co't0 Initially he egged the Phar$aci't to 'ell at hal2 the (rice or allow hi$ to (ay2or

it later0 Phar$aci't re2u'ed to olige hi$ either way0 inally he 2orcily entered the Phar$acy and

'tole the drug0According to Kohlerg 'tudy- $en o'er1ed that the the2t wa' $orally


44/185


45/185

A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'&0

The criteria 2or achie1ing and 'u'taining (ro2e''ional 'tatu' or (ro2e''ionali'$ areF

;0 Advanced expertiseF The e3(erti'e include' 'o(hi'ticated '"ill' and theoretical "nowledge in

e3erci'ing 9udg$ent0 Thi' $ean' a (ro2e''ional 'hould analy'e the (role$ in '(eci2ic

"nown area- in an o9ecti1e $anner0

*0 elf-regulationF ne 'hould analy'e the (role$ inde(endent o2 'el2:intere't and direct to a

deci'ion toward' the e't intere't o2 the client'8cu'to$er'0 An autono$ou' 9udg$ent

.unia'ed and on $erit' only/ i' e3(ected0 In 'uch 'ituation'- the code' o2 conduct o2

(ro2e''ional 'ocietie' are 2ollowed a' guidance0

60 'ublic goodF ne 'hould not e a $ere (aid e$(loyee o2 an indi1idual or a teachingcollege or $anu2acturing organi>ation- to e3ecute whate1er the e$(loyer want' one to do0

The 9o 'hould e recogni'ed y the (ulic0 The concerted e22ort' in the 9o 'hould e

toward' (ro$otion o2 the wel2are- 'a2ety- and health o2 the (ulic0

2.4.2 C9*6*5$!6i$i5

The characteri'tic' o2 the ation' e3erci'e a large degree o2 i$(artiality-

creati1ity and di'cretion .care with deci'ion and co$$unication/ in carrying their re'(on'iilitie'0

Be'ide' thi'- (ro2e''ional' are e$(owered with certain right' to e'tali'h their autono$y0


46/185

Engineering Ethic' &1

Accordingly (hy'ician' $u't deter$ine the $o't a((ro(riate $edical treat$ent' 2or their

(atient' and lawyer' $u't decide on the $o't 'ucce''2ul de2en'e 2or their client'0 The (o''e''ion o2

'(eciali>ed "nowledge i' thu' a (ower2ul de2en'e o2 (ro2e''ional autono$y0

(. Et*ical Standards

Pro2e''ional 'ocietie' (ro$ulgate the code' o2 conduct to regulate the (ro2e''ional' again't their au'e

or any unethical deci'ion' and action' .i$(artiality- re'(on'iility/ a22ecting the indi1idual' or grou('

or the 'ociety0

2.7 MODELS OF PROFESSIONL ROLES

Pro$otion o2 (ulic good i' the (ri$ary concern o2 the (ro2e''ional engineer'0 There are 'e1eral role

$odel' to who$ the engineer' are attracted0 The'e $odel' (ro1o"e their thin"ing- attitude' and

action'0

1. S*.i%6

The engineer a' a 'a1ior- 'a1e the 'ociety 2ro$ (o1erty- illiteracy- wa'tage- ine22iciency- ill health-

hu$an .laor/ dignity and lead it to (ro'(erity- through technological de1elo($ent and 'ocial

(lanning0 or e3a$(le- %0L0 Ste1en'on0

2. G,*6:i*#

He guard' the intere't' o2 the (oor and general (ulic0 A' one who i' con1er'ant with technology

de1elo($ent- i' gi1en the authority e2itting hi' e3(erti'e to deter$ine what i' e't 'uited to the

'ociety0 or e3a$(le- Lawrence o2 Araia .an engineer/0

&. B,6!*,56*$i5 S!6.*#$

He 'er1e' the organi>ation and the e$(loyer'0 The $anage$ent o2 an enter(ri'e 2i3e' it' goal' and

a''ign' the 9o o2 (role$ 'ol1ing to the engineer- who acce(t' the challenge and 'ha(e' the$ into

concrete achie1e$ent'0 or e3a$(le- !a$'hed9i Tata0

-. S%5i*+ S!6.*#$

It i' one who e3hiit' 'ocial re'(on'iility0 The engineer tran'late' the intere't and a'(iration' o2 the

'ociety into a reality- re$e$ering that hi' true $a'ter i' the 'ociety at large0 or e3a$(le- Sir

#0&i'we'1arayya0

. S%5i*+ E#*?+!6 *#: C*$*+'$

ne who change' the 'ociety through technology0 The engineer $u't a''i't the $anage$ent and the

'ociety to under'tand their need' and $a"e in2or$ed deci'ion' on the de'irale technological

de1elo($ent and $ini$i>e the negati1e e22ect' o2 technology on (eo(le and their li1ing en1iron$ent0

Thu'- he 'hine' a' a 'ocial enaler and a cataly't 2or 2urther growth0 or e3a$(le- Sri SundarlalBahuguna0

. G*/! P+*'!6

He i' neither a 'er1ant nor $a'ter0 An engineer i' an a''erti1e (layer- not a (a''i1e (layer who $ay

carry out hi' $a'ter=' 1oice0 He (lay' a uni@ue role 'ucce''2ully within the organi>ation- en9oying the

e3cite$ent o2 the (ro2e''ion and ha1ing the 'ati'2action o2 'urging ahead in a co$(etiti1e world0 or

e3a$(le- Narayana$urthy- In2o'y' and Dr0 Ka'thurirangan- IS%0


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'&2

2.10 RESPONSIBILITY

2.10.1 S!#!

There are di22erent 'en'e' o2 re'(on'iility- 'uch a'F

1. C*aracteristic .%ality

Pri$arily re'(on'iility i$(lie' duty with care and e22ort'0

2. )/ligations

The'e are one=' $oral re'(on'iility i0e0- duty to act right and in $oral way'0 The oligation' 'uch a'

hone'ty- 2airne''- and decency are incu$ent on e1ery one0 In addition to thi'- we ha1e rolere'(on'iilitie' a''igned y ta"ing u( 1ariou' role'- 'uch a' (arent'- in'(ector'- and e$(loyee'0 or

e3a$(le- a Sa2ety Engineer ha' a re'(on'iility to $a"e regular in'(ection' in a 2actory 'ho('0

3. 0eneral ,oral Capacity

ne ha' the general ca(acity 2or $oral agency- including the under'tanding and action on $oral

rea'on'0

4. ia/ility and Acco%nta/ility

Liaility and Accountaility 2or action'0 It $ean' that one i' liale .with a legal 'en'e/ to $eet the

oligation' in etter way'0 The (er'on i' li"ely to re'(ond legally- i2 nece''ary0

Accountale $ean' that one i' willing to 9u'ti2y or de2end the deci'ion'- action' or $ean' and

outco$e'0 It could include o22ering a rea'onale e3cu'e or acce(ting the 'ha$e 2or not ha1ing $et the

end re'ult' or acce(ting the guilt 2or har$ing other'0 ne i' al'o an'werale to the a''e''$ent y

other' on one=' action' .$ean'/ or outco$e'0

(. #raisewort*iness3lamewort*iness

hen accountaility 2or wrong action' or re'ult' i' at i''ue- re'(on'iility $ean' la$eworthy0 henthe right conduct or 'ucce''2ul re'ult i' at i''ue- re'(on'ile i' 'ynony$ou' with (rai'eworthy0

2.10.2 T'!

Di22erent ty(e' o2 re'(on'iilitie' e3hiited in hu$an tran'action' areF

1. ,oral Responsi/ility

#oral re'(on'iility a' a((lied to a (ro2e''ionalF A (ro2e''ional $u't e re'(on'ile $orally- in

creating internal good or good outco$e'- and eli$inating 8$ini$i>ing un: intended 'ide:e22ect'- 2ro$

engineering and technology0 It include'F

.a/ 2bligationsF A co$$it$ent to $oral action' .(ri$ary oligation to (rotect the 'a2ety o2

the hu$an eing' and re'(ect their right'/-

.b/ #onscientiousF A co$(rehen'i1e (er'(ecti1e to acce(t the dutie'- and diligently do the right

thing' y (utting their heart- head and hand' .awarene'' o2 the e3(eri$ental nature o2 the

(roduct8(ro9ect- antici(ating (o''ile and une3(ected outco$e' and (utting e22ort' to$onitor the$/-

.c/ Accountaility .eing accountale 2or the deci'ion'- action'- and the re'ult' o2 (roduct8

(ro9ect including 'a2ety/- and

.d/ Prai'eworthy8Bla$eworthy a' a((lied to conte3t o2 doing thing' right8doing thing'

wrongly- re'(ecti1ely0


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Engineering Ethic' &&

2. Ca%sal Responsi/ility

It i' eing a cau'e o2 'o$e e1ent0 or e3a$(le- a child (laying with $atche' cau'e a hou'e to urn0

The child i' cau'ally re'(on'ile- ut the (arent who le2t the child with $atche'- i' $orally

re'(on'ile0

3. o/ Responsi/ility

It con'i't' o2 a''igned ta'"' at the (lace o2 e$(loy$ent and achie1ing the o9ecti1e'0

4. egal Responsi/ility

It i' the re'(on'e re@uired y law and include' legal oligation' and accountaility to $eetthe$0 #any o2 the'e re'(on'iilitie' o1erla( with $oral re'(on'iility0

2.10.& R!%#i?+! P6%"!i%#*+i/

The $o't co$(rehen'i1e 1irtue o2 engineer' i' re'(on'ile (ro2e''ionali'$0 It can al'o e called

Pro2e''ional %e'(on'iility0 Thi' con'i't' o2 2i1e ty(e' o2 1irtue'- a' 2ollow'F

;0 Sel2:direction .Sel2:go1ernance/ 1irtue' are 2unda$ental and nece''ary in e3erci'ing $oral

re'(on'iility0 n the a'i' o2


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'&-

2.10.- S%5i*+ R!%#ii+i$'

Cor(orate organi>ation' ha1e 'ocial re'(on'iility to all o2 their ation'- and the u'ine'' owner' and

$anager'0 Be'ide' 'howing concern with e$(loyee relation' and other internal organi>ational

$atter'- the organi>ation i' concerned with

.a/ how the (roduct8(ro9ect i' $ar"eted- u'ed or $i'u'ed- how it 2ail'- and how it i' di'(o'ed

or di'carded0 The way' in which the u'ed attery cell' and co$(uter' are di'carded ha1e

een deated in the engineer'= 2oru$'0.b/ (rotecting the wor" en1iron$ent during $anu2acture a' well a' the e3ternal en1iron$ent

during tran'(ort or u'e

.c/ training the di'ad1antaged or (hy'ically:challenged wor"er'

.d/ 'ucontracting and hiring (ractice'- and

.e/ contriution to local co$$unitie' to enrich their cultural- 'ocial- and ci1ic li2e0 It $ay e

e1en co$(en'atory again't the har$ to en1iron$ent .e0g0- (lanting tree'/0

&ariou' ty(e' o2 re'(on'iilitie' 'uch a' cau'al- $oral- and legal are di'tingui'hed through

a((ro(riate e3a$(le'- a' 'hown elowF

Eents !esponsibility

;0 A 'tray cattle on the rail trac" cau'ed

the derail$ent o2 good' train

.a/ Although cattle i' the cau'e- the owner

o2 the cattle i' $orally re'(on'ile

.b/ or letting the cattle go a'tray on the

railway trac"- that i' tre'(a''ing the owner

i' legally re'(on'ile

*0 A child (layi ng with .'a2ety/

$atche' cau'e' 2ire

Although the child i' the cau'e- the(arent'

who who ha1e le2t the $atch o3 within

the reach o2 the child- are $orallyre'(on'ile

60 .a/ Seth wa' dri1ing a car0 He 2ailed

to 'to( at the red 'ignal- which cau'ed

an accident

.b/ Su((o'e he a((lied ra"e'- ut

they 2ailed

.a/ Seth i' cau'ally re'(on'ile

.b/ Seth ha' een negligent o2 $aintenance

o2ra"e'

40 There wa' a 2ore't 2ire0 It wa' traced

to ca$( 2ire at '(eci2ic 'ite and %a9

wa' the la't to u'e the ca$('ite0

%a9 i' cau'ally re'(on'ile 2or the 2ore't

2ire he 2ailed to (ut out the ca$( 2ire0

Although the te$(erature wa' high- andthe dry lea1e' hel(ed the 2ire to '(read-

%a9 allowed the 2ire to '(read0 Hence- he i'

the cau'e

.#ontd000/


50/185

Engineering Ethic' &

70 The (roduct' 'old ha1e cau'ed har$

while eing u'ed

The engineer or the engineering 2ir$ i'

legally re'(on'ile 2or the har$2ul e22ect'

o2 de2ect' in their (roduct'0 But they are

not $orally re'(on'ile 2or the har$ or

de2ect'

,0 A 2it ter lo't one hi' eye' while

in'erting a chi( y u'ing a ha$$er

The ha$$er $anu2acturer wa' legally

re'(on'ile on the a'i' o2 the doctrine o2

'trict liaility- which doe' not re@uire any

(roo2 o2 e22ect in the de'ign o2 the ha$$er0#orally the $anu2acturer wa' no t

re'(on'ile

0 In a contract- it i' not i$(lied that

the enginee r to e held 2or not

o'er1ing the (o''iility o2 danger0

But an accident occur'

The engineer i' 2 ree 2ro$ legal

re'(on'i i li ty- ut he ha' $oral

re'(on'iility to o'er1e the wor" done

50 A (andal erected y the contractor-

in a $arriage hall catche' 2ire- due to

a lea"age o2 electric current

No legal re'(on'iil ity 2or (andal

contractor0 wner o2 the hall i' $orally

re'(on'ile 2or the lea"age

0 ue'tion (a(er' were lea"ed out y

'o$e (er'on'- during tran'(ort

Controller o2 E3a$ination' can not e held

legally re'(on'ile- although he i' $orally

re'(on'ile

2.10. 55%,#$*i+i$'

Accountaility $ean'F

;0 The ca(acity to under'tand and act on $oral rea'on'

*0 illingne'' to 'u$it one=' action' to $oral 'crutiny and e re'(on'i1e to the a''e''$ent o2

other'0 It include' eing an'werale 2or $eeting '(eci2ic oligation'- i0e0- liale to 9u'ti2y

.or gi1e rea'onale e3cu'e'/ the deci'ion'- action' or $ean'- and outco$e' .'o$eti$e'

une3(ected/- when re@uired y the 'ta"eholder' or y law0

60 Con'cientiou'ne''F It $ean'F

.a/ Being 'en'iti1e to 2ull range o2 $oral 1alue' and re'(on'iilitie' and

.b/ The willingne'' to u(grade their '"ill'- (ut e22ort'- and reach the e't alance (o''ile

a$ong tho'e con'ideration'- and

40 Bla$eworthy8Prai'eworthyF wn the re'(on'iility 2or the good or wrong outco$e'0Courage to acce(t the $i'ta"e' will en'ure 'ucce'' in the e22ort' in 2uture0

The ter$' ation

are a''igned re'(on'iilitie' through (olicy $anual' and 2low chart'0 The cor(orate

accountaility $ean' holding all the cor(orate organi>ation' accountale to the (ulic-

e$(loyee'- cu'to$er'- and 'toc" holder'- a' e$(owered y rule' and law'0


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A Te3too" on Pro2e''ional Ethic' and Hu$an &alue'&

2.10. O+i;*$i%#

The 'a2ety and other oligation' o2 (ro2e''ional engineer' are 9u'ti2iale a'ed on the 2ollowinga'(ect'0

;0 #oral oligation' through law' and en2orced code' o2 conduct

*0 Through $e$er'hi( o2 (ro2e''ional 'ociety

60 Contractual agree$ent with the e$(loyer'

40 By entry into career a' engineer u(on graduation 2ro$ Engineering in'titution' and

70 By '(ecial e$(loy$ent agree$ent' or agree$ent with (ro2e''ional 'ocietie'0

The paramount obligation $ean'- gi1ing i$(ortance to the 'a2ety- health- and wel2are o2

the (ulic in (er2or$ing the (ro2e''ional dutie'0

2.11 THEORIES BOUT RIGHT CTION (ETHICL THEORIES)

2.11.1 U! *#: C6i$!6i*

The ethical theorie' are u'e2ul in $any re'(ect'0

;0 In under'tanding $oral dile$$a0 They (ro1ide clarity- con'i'tency- 'y'te$atic and

co$(rehen'i1e under'tanding0

*0 It (ro1ide' hel(2ul (ractical guidance in $oral i''ue' toward' the 'olution0

60 !u'ti2ying (ro2e''ional oligation' and deci'ion'- and

60 In relating ordinary and (ro2e''ional $orality0

Di22erent criteria $ay e a((lied 2or e1aluating 1ariou' ethical theorie' and deciding u(on the

e't0;0 The theory $u't e clear and .coherent/ 2or$ulated with conce(t' that are logicallyconnected0

*0 It $u't e internally con'i'tent- i0e0- none o2 it' (rinci(le' con2lict' with any other

60 The theory and it' de2en'e $u't de(end- only u(on 2act'040 It $u't organi>e a'ic $oral 1alue' in 'y'te$atic and co$(rehen'i1e $anner0 It i' to 2i3

(riority o2 1alue' and (ro1ide guidance in all 'ituation'

70 It $u't (ro1ide guidance co$(atile with our $oral con1iction' .9udg$ent'/ aout concrete

'ituation'0 or e3a$(le- i2 an ethical theory 'ay' that it i' all right 2or engineer' to $a"e

e3(lo'i1e de1ice' without the in2or$ed con'ent o2 the (ulic- we can conclude that the

theory i' inade@uate0

Theorie' and 9udg$ent' are continually ad9u'ted to each other until we reach a re2lecti1e

e@uiliriu$0 #o't o2 the theorie' con1erge toward' the wel2are o2 the hu$anity0 The duty ethic' and

right ethic' di22er in great e3tent on their e$(ha'i'0 But they re$ain co$(le$entary alway'0

2.11.2 E$9i5*+ T9!%6i!A6%*59!

Se1eral ethical theorie' ha1e een de1elo(ed o1er di22erent ti$e'- each o2 the$ 'tre''ing certain

ethical (rinci(le' or 2eature'0 Each 'tre''e' a 1iew and $any a ti$e'- we 2ind that the'e theorie'

con1erge and rein2orce the ethic'- in deciding u(on the action' and 9u'ti2ying the re'ult'0


52/185

Engineering Ethic' &3

1. 5tilitarian "*eory

The ter$ ?tilitariani'$ wa' concei1ed in the ;th century y 6e#e&3 Ben:"a& and 6%"n S:ua#:

Mll to hel( legi'lator' deter$ine which law' were $orally e't0 They 'ugge'ted that the 'tandard o2

right conduct i' $a3i$i>ation o2 good con'e@uence'0 Good con'e@uence' $ean either ing an i''ue in

thi' a((roach- we ha1e toF

.a/ Identi2y the 1ariou' cour'e' o2 action a1ailale to u'0

.b/ A'" who will e a22ected y each action and what ene2it' or har$' will e deri1ed 2ro$each0

.c/ Choo'e the action that will (roduce the greate't ene2it' and the lea't har$0 The ethical

action i' the one that (ro1ide' the greate't good 2or the greate't nu$er0

The ACT ?TILITA%IAN theory (ro(o'ed y 6.S. Mll .;5+,:6/ 2ocu'e' on action'- rather

than on general rule'0 An action i' right- i2 it generate' the $o't o1erall good 2or the $o't (eo(le

in1ol1ed0

The %?LE ?TILITA%IAN theory- de1elo(ed y R$"a#2 B#an2: .;;+:/- 'tre''ed on the

rule'- 'uch a' e' the(ulic good0

The act utilitarian theory (er$itted a 2ew i$$oral action'0 Hence- there wa' need to de1elo(

rule utilitarian theory to e'tali'h $orality and 9u'tice- in the tran'action'0 or e3a$(le- 'tealing an

old co$(uter 2ro$ the e$(loyer will ene2it the e$(loyee $ore than the lo'' to the e$(loyer0 A' (er

Act- utilitarian thi' action i' right0 But rule utilitarian o'er1e' thi' a' wrong- ecau'e the e$(loyee

'hould act a' ed the autono$y each (er'on e3erci'e' in 2or$ing

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Professional Ethics and Human Values.docx