Professional Crop Advisor’sWeed Control Update

Scott Hagood – Virginia Tech

January 7, 2010Verona, Virginia

Gone but not forgotten!

Virginia Tech footballloses a key competitiveadvantage on the field, with the media, and in recruiting. The Hokies will miss you!

WEED ID GUIDE

AQUATIC WEEDS

E-MAIL ACCESS TO SPECIALISTS

EXTENSION PUBLICATIONSHONEYVINE MILKWEEDHORSENETTLETRUMPETCREEPERHEMP DOGBANEANNUAL RYEGRASSMUGWORTCOMMON PASTURE/HAYFIELD WEEDSITCHGRASS

HERBICIDE MODE OF ACTION - WEED RESISTANCE

DIAGNOSTICS VIA DIGITIZED IMAGES

ACCESS TO ALL 2010 PEST MANAGEMENT GUIDES

~1,200 EXTERNAL SITES LINK TO THIS VT SITE

~8,000,000 “HITS” ANNUALLY

VT Weed Science Web Page

SAMBUCUS CANADENSIS–“I AM NOT A WEED!” What if you were googling along and found your name on a Virginia Tech website listed as an aquatic weed?! http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/aquatics.htm. You would not be amused. In fact you might write a strong letter or at least an email to the offending organization. Dear Virginia Cooperative Extension Service: I am writing to clear my good name. I was taken aback to find that I have been listed on your website as a weed. I want you to know that I am a native American, who was here long before Virginia was even a colony. I occur in every single county in this Commonwealth and in almost every state in the country.

I have bountiful flowers and abundant fruits. My flowers are beloved by numerous pollinators in late spring. Please notice the red-spotted purple butterfly in the photo below. Native bees are also ardent feeders from my nectar, helping me reproduce. Solitary bees also use my old, hollow stems to nest in. And according to the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Service, my berries are eaten by 48 species of birds.

Even humans love me. In fact my genus name comes from the Greek sambuce, an ancient musical instrument, and refers to my soft pith, which is easily removed so people can make flutes and whistles from the stems. Southern tribes also used the stems to make blowguns. Humans use my berries to make jellies, jams, fritters, catsup, pie, vinegar, syrup, juice, and even soup. Plus, they can make wine. Here is a recipe:

Easy Elderberry Wine Recipe

5 lbs elderberries, stripped from their stems1 gallon boiling water3 lbs granulated sugar1 wine yeast packet1 cup chopped raisins½ cup lemon juice½ cup orange juice1 teaspoon yeast nutrient

Place the elderberries into a large plastic fermentation container that can hold boiling water. Add raisins, lemon juice, orange juice, and yeast nutrient. Pour boiling water into container and stir. When cool, squeeze mixture to release juices. Let sit for 24 hours. Add 2 lbs sugar and the wine yeast packet. Stir and cover. Let sit for 3 to 5 days. Strain liquid into a glass fermentation container and add remaining 1 lb of sugar. Stir. Let ferment in a dark, warm location for 1 week. Strain into another glass container and let sit for another 6 weeks. Pour into wine bottles and seal. Wine will be ready for consumption in 6 months.

Source: Virginia Native Plant Society – Potowmack Chapter – August 2009 Newsletter

Prolific I am; but a weed, I am certainly not. I know you are an agricultural and technical university, and want to provide information for farmers, but they need to know about the benefits of native plants, too. Your motto is “Knowledge for the Commonwealth;” so I am pleased to hear that Virginia Tech may be updating its information on weeds, natives, and other plants this year. I’ll be keeping an eye on it.

Sincerely, Sambucus canadensis (the elderberry)

Small Grains – Powerflex (pyroxsulam), Axiom (flufenacet + metribuzin) and Starane Ultra (fluroxypyr)

Corn – Valor SX (flumioxazin) + simazine burndown, Capreno (thiencabazone + tembotrione) POST

Soybeans – Flexstar GT (fomesafen + glyphosate) PRE and POST, Ignite 280 (glufosinate) Burndown and in-crop POST

Pasture/Forage – Chaparral, Chateau General – New site of action table, generic

alternatives table, and resistant weed management section

Most of the “generic” versions of herbicides in this table have not been tested by weed extension specialists in the Mid-Atlantic region.

If you are considering the use of a generic version of a herbicide, be sure to read the label of the generic product. The generic version of a herbicide may not have the same formulation as the brand-name product, thus use rates may not be the same. Generics may not be labeled for all the same uses as the brand-name product; or supplemental labeling may not cover the generic products. The generic formulation may not be registered for use in all states. Levels of manufacturer support in instances of unsatisfactory herbicide performance may vary. It is your responsibility to read and understand the label of all pesticides that you use.

Seedling growth inhibitors (Shoot)

Unknown chloroacetamides acetochloralachlordimethenamidmetolachlorpronamidepropachlor

Harness/TopnotchBreakfree/DegreeLasso, Micro-TechOutlookDual, CinchKerbRamrod

15

acetamides napropamide Devrinol 15oxyacetamides flufenacet Define 15

Lipid synthesis inhibitors

thiocarbamates butylatecycloateEPTCvernolate

SutanRo-NeetEptam/EradicaneVernam

8

none bensulide Prefar 8Photosynthesis inhibitors(mobile 1)

Photosystem II

triazines ametrynatrazineprometonpropazinesimazine

EvikAtrazinePramitolProPrincep

5

triazinones hexazinonemetribuzin

VelparSencor

5

uracils terbacil Sinbar 5

Herbicide class Site of action FamilyActiveingredient Trade name

WSSA group1

New Table: Herbicide site of action for reducing the risk of developing herbicide-resistant weeds

Exampleentries

Active ingredient(s) Tradename Manufacturer Labeled crops* Generic alternative to:

Acetochlor + atrazine

Confidence Xtra Volley ATZ

WinField SolutionsTenkoz

C Harness Xtra, Degree Xtra, Keystone

Clethodim ArrowSection ShadowVolunteer

MANAWinField SolutionsArysta LifeScienceTenkoz

Sb, A Select, Prism

Clopyralid Clopyr AGSpurPyramidGarrison

UPIAlbaugh/Agri-StarAlbaugh/Agri-StarNuFarm

C, P, SG Stinger

Dimethenamid-P + atrazine

Establish ATZ Tenkoz C, Sr Guardsman Max

Imazethapyr Thunder Albaugh/Agri-Star Sb, A PursuitImazethapyr + glyphosate

ThunderMaster Albaugh/Agri-Star Sb Extreme

Nicosulfuron Primero 75DFNic-It 2L (liquid)Samson 4SC (0.33 lb/gal) (liquid)

Rotam North Amer.CheminovaUPI

C Accent

Metolachlor Me-Too-LachlorMe-Too-Lachlor IIParallelStalwart

DrexelDrexelMANASipcam

C, Sb, Sr Dual, Dual II

Exampleentries

New Table: Table Selected generic alternative herbicides for agronomic uses

Field Corn – Pre vs. Post Inputs Soybeans – Pre Programs fb Glyphosate and

Glyphosate Tank Mix Partners Herbaceous and Woody Perennial Weed Control in

Pastures/Hayfields Annual Grass Control in Pastures/Hayfields Italian Ryegrass Control in Small Grains ALS-Resistant Common Chickweed in Small Grains Tolerance of Grass and Legume Forage Species to

Newer Pasture Herbicides Chateau for Weed Control in Alfalfa

Capreno: Laudis + thiencarbazone - HPPD + ALS chemistry - 3.0 fluid oz/acre + atrazine – COC + UAN or AMS.

Kixor: salflufenacil – PPO chemistry – BASF -Integrity and Sharpen in 2009 field trials.

Integrity: salflufenacil + dimethenamid - broad spectrum PRE treatment “without the need for atrazine”.

Sharpen: salflufenacil – broadleaf burndown and residual for corn, soybean, small grains.

Cadet: fluthiacet – POST velvetleaf up to 36” (also POST soybean label)

Treatment IVY. MG PITTED MG

G. RAGWEED

Control 0 c 0 c 0 b

Harness Xtra (PRE) 70 b 60 b 74 a

Integrity (PRE) 86 a 80 a 88 a

Sharpen + Prowl H2O (PRE) 88 a 80 a 81 a

Harness Xtra (PRE)Roundup Powermax (EP)

85 a 88 a 81 a

Integrity (PRE)Roundup Powermax (EP)

90 a 84 a 84 a

Sharpen + Prowl H2O (PRE)Roundup Powermax (EP)

85 a 79 a 76 a

Late Season Grass Control in Corn?

SPECIES CALLISTO IMPACT LAUDIS

BARNYARDGRASS

X

BROADLEAF SIGNALGRASS

X X X

FALL PANICUM X

GIANT FOXTAIL X X

GOOSEGRASS X X

GREEN FOXTAIL X

LARGE CRABGRASS X X X

SEEDLING JOHNSONGRASS

X X

TEXAS PANICUM X

YELLOW FOXTAIL X X

Select Max most effective on 2-3 inch corn. Six fluid ounces plus NIS and AMS. Six day replant interval to corn.

Gramoxone Inteon most effective on 4-6 inch corn. Apply 2-3 pints in combination with a Photosyestem II inhibitor (Sencor: 4-6 ounces, Lorox: 1 pint, atrazine: 1 quart).

Ignite 280 at 22 – 29 fluid ounces. Ignite has not been as consistent as Gramoxone for the control of volunteer corn.

2,4-D or other early preplant treatments

Dicamba use in your soybean production areas?

Treatment L.Q. Horesweed

I. MG L.Q. Horesweed

I. MG

Before Postemergence Treatment Following Ignite 280 @ 22 oz/acre

Roundup + Valor XLT

100 a 100 a 96 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Valor XLT 100 a 100 a 95 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup + Valor

100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Ignite 280 88 b 100 a 86 b 98 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Valor+Sencor

95 a 100 a 90 ab 96 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Dual

96 a 100 a 94 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Prowl H2O

96 a 100 a 95 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +2,4-D

100 a 100 a 93 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Control 0 c 0 b 0 c 0 b 0 b 0 b

IGNITE 280 IN LIBERTY LINK SOYBEANS

Treatment L.Q. Horesweed

I. MG L.Q. Horesweed

I. MG

Before Postemergence Treatment Following Ignite 280 @ 22 oz/acre

Roundup + Valor XLT

100 a 100 a 96 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Valor XL 100 a 100 a 95 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup + Valor

100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Ignite 280 88 b 100 a 86 b 98 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Valor+Sencor

95 a 100 a 90 ab 96 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Dual

96 a 100 a 94 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +Prowl H2O

96 a 100 a 95 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Roundup +2,4-D

100 a 100 a 93 a 100 a 100 a 100 a

Control 0 c 0 b 0 c 0 b 0 b 0 b

IGNITE 280 IN LIBERTY LINK SOYBEANS

Trade Name Common Names - %

Comments

Diligent 39.9 DG Rimsulfuron - 6.31Chlorimuron - 6.31Flumioxazin - 25.25

EPP or PreSoybean

4 - 6 oz/acre

Freestyle 50 DG Thifensulfuron - 12.5Tribenuron - 18.75

Chlorimuron - 18.75

Pre or PostCorn or Soybean

0.67 – 1.33 oz/acre

Instigate 40.6 DG Rimsulfuron – 4.7Chlorimuron – 4.7Mesotrione – 31.2

PreCorn

6.9 – 10.3 oz/acre

Traverse 25 DG Rimsulfuron – 12.5Chlorimuron – 12.5

EPP or PreCorn or Soybean2.6 – 3.9 oz/acre

Trigate 45 DG Rimsulfuron – 6.7Tribenuron – 5.0

Mesotrione – 33.3

PostCorn

3.75 oz/acre

DuPont Optimum GAT Herbicide Combinations

WEEDS CONTROLLED : Many annual broadleaf weeds, control or suppression of some annual grasses, and suppression of many perennial weeds in conventional and no-till soybean production systems

New Entry – Soybeans (In Crop): Ignite 280 2.34 L 22 -36 oz/acre (glufosinate-ammonium)

Apply only to soybeans designated as Liberty Link.

Applications may be made from emergence up to but not including the bloom growth stage.

Apply at 22 fl oz/A. A second application or a tank mix application with a residual herbicide will be required to control weeds that have not emerged at the time of application. If conditions prohibit timely initial application, a single application of up to 36 fl oz/A may be made to soybeans within the growth stages described above.

If Ignite 280 is used in a burndown application, no postemergence applications of Ignite 280 may be applied.

Ignite 280 has been observed to antagonize grass control with postemergence grass herbicides.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Many annual broadleaf weeds, control or suppression of some annual grasses, and suppression of many perennial weeds existing at the time of no-till establishment of any conventional or transgenic soybean variety.

New Entry – Soybeans (Burndown): Ignite 280 2.34 L 22 -36 oz/acre (glufosinate-ammonium)

Ignite 280 may be applied as a burndown treatment prior to the planting or emergence of any conventional or transgenic soybean variety.

Apply a minimum of 29 fl oz/A to young, actively growing weeds.

Warm temperatures, high humidity, and bright sunlight improve the performance of Ignite 280. Weed control may be reduced when applications are made to weeds under stress from drought or cool temperatures.

If Ignite 280 is used in a burndown application, no postemergence applications of Ignite 280 may be applied.

Ignite 280 must be applied with ammonium sulfate at the rate of 3 lb/A.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Common lambsquarters, galinsoga spp., nightshade spp., palmer amaranth, pigweed spp., prickly sida, purslane, common ragweed, and partial control of common cocklebur, giant ragweed, and morningglory spp.

New Entry – Soybeans (PRE): Flexstar GT 3L 3.0 – 4.5 pt/acre (fomesafen + glyphosate)

Preplant surface or preemergence applications of Flexstar GT will provide burndown control of most annual broadleaf weeds and grasses via the glyphosate component plus residual control or suppression of certain germinating broadleaf weeds as listed

Moisture is necessary to activate Flexstar GT for residual control, and effectiveness will be reduced if sufficient activation rainfall is not received within 7 days of application.

No additional adjuvants are required with Flexstar GT. Apply in combination with ammonium sulfate in areas where this addition is used with glyphosate products.

Crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or nonionic surfactant may be added to enhance control of difficult to control weeds.

Ignite 280 must be applied with ammonium sulfate at the rate of 3 lb/A.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Most annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, control or suppression of many perennial weeds, and residual control or partial control of certain broadleaf weeds germinating at the time of application.

New Entry – Soybeans (POST): Flexstar GT 3L3.0 – 4.5 pt/acre (fomesafen + glyphosate)

Apply to glyphosate-tolerant soybeans only. Postemergence applications of Flexstar GT will provide burndown control of most annual broadleaf weeds and grasses via the glyphosate component plus residual control or suppression of certain germinating broadleaf weeds.

Refer to the label for herbicide rates for specific weed species and growth stages. Thorough coverage is required for effective control.

No additional adjuvants are required with Flexstar GT. Apply in combination with ammonium sulfate in areas where this addition is used with glyphosate products.

Crop oil concentrate, methylated seed oil, or nonionic surfactant may be added to enhance control of difficult to control weeds, but may reduce crop tolerance.

No-till burndown treatments are critical, and vary significantly. 2,4-D an important component

Osprey, Axial XL, and Finesse Grass and Broadleaf afford excellent ryegrass control

AE-F130060: Atlantis - mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron

Speedwell control requires Finesse or the combination of Osprey plus Harmony Extra SG

No effective treatments for red deadnettle

Common chickweed control failures have been reported

Weed Control in Small Grains – 2010

HARMONY EXTRA SG

HARMONY SG

FINESSE

PEAK

MAVERICK

OSPREY

POWERFLEX

2,4-D

BANVEL/CLARITY

STARANE ULTRA

HOELON

AXIAL XL

BUCTRIL

AIM

PROWL H2O

AXIOM

FINESSE GRASS AND BROADLEAF

SMALL GRAIN HERBICIDES

Small Grain Herbicides: Mode of Action

HARMONY EXTRA SGHARMONY SGFINESSEPEAKMAVERICKOSPREYPOWERFLEX

2,4-DBANVEL/CLARITYSTARANE ULTRA

HOELON

AXIAL XL

BUCTRIL

AIM

PROWL H2O

FINESSE GRASS AND BROADLEAF

AXIOM

ALS

ACCase

PSI

PPO

SeedlingGrowth

Multiple

GrowthRegulator

s

Harmony Extra 75 DF 0.3 – 0.6 oz becomes Harmony Extra SG 50 SG 0.45 – 0.9 oz

TNT Broadleaf (Gowan) retains the same 75 DF formulation and rates as original Harmony Extra

Harmony GT 75 DF 0.5 – 0.6 oz becomes Harmony SG 50 SG 0.75 – 0.9 oz

Unity (Gowan) retains the same 75 DF formulation as the original Harmony GT

2EE Label – NC, SC, VA – Harmony Extra SG – 2 applications – 0.75 oz - PRE + POST – wild garlic.

Postemergence control of common chickweed with sulfonylurea herbicides in Virginia small grains has generally been very effective. The standard treatment for the control of common chickweed and other winter annuals has been the commercially formulated combination of thifensulfuron-methyl plus tribenuron-methyl.

In the 2007-08 growing season, insufficient control of common chickweed was observed in response to this treatment in two Virginia counties: New Kent (NK) and King William (KW). Two collections of mature common chickweed plants were made at each of these locations, and designated NK1, NK2, KW1, and KW2. Mature common chickweed plants were also collected in Montgomery County, Virginia, and designated as the wild type (WT).

The objectives of this research were to 1) evaluate the susceptibility of F1 common chickweed progeny derived from each of these five collections to a range of application rates of thifensulfuron-methyl, 2) evaluate the susceptibility of this progeny to other sulfonylurea herbicides and to ALS-inhibiting herbicides from other chemical groups, 3) confirm the heritability of resistance, if observed, and 4) conduct field trials to identify alternative control strategies for common chickweed which exhibits reduced sensitivity to sulfonylurea herbicides.

Figure 1. Effect of thifensulfuron application rate on fresh weight of common chickweed from wild type (WT), New Kent (NK), and King William (KW) collections at 30 DAT. * indicates significant reduction in WT fresh weight relative to other sources, α = .001.

0

50

100

0X 1/4X 1/2X 1X 2X 4X 8X 16X 32X

WT

NK1

NK2

KW1

KW2

Thifensulfuron Rate

Fre

sh W

eigh

t (%

of

cont

rol)

*

** ** * * *

0X 1/4X 1/2X 1X 2X 4X 8X 32X

NK1

WT

16X

SOURCE 0X .25X .50X 1X 2X 4X 8X 16X 32X

WT 100 16 2 4 1 4 3 1 2

NK1 100 90 79 67 72 67 60 72 50

With heritability confirmed – case reported in theInternational Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds,March 2009 – First report in the United States.

Treatment Wheat Injury (%) Chickweed Control (%)

Valor 1 oz 0 a 73 b

Valor 2 oz 0 a 98 a

Valor 4 oz 0 a 100 a

Control 0 a 0 c

Current label requires 30 day early preplant interval. 15 day interval for Fall 2010? No injury to wheat at this location. Significant injury observed in 2008-09 and 2009-10 trials at the Eastern Shore AREC.

Common Chickweed Control with Preemergence ValorTreatments - New Kent County, Virginia – April 24, 2009

Treatment Wheat Injury (%)

Chickweed Control (%)

Prowl H2O 0 a 98 a

Axiom 0 a 93a

Sencor (LR) 0 a 94 a

Sencor (HR) 0 a 98 a

Control 0 a 0 b

Common Chickweed Control with Delayed Preemergence Treatments - New Kent County, Virginia – April 24, 2009

Treatment Wheat Injury (%)

Chickweed Control (%)

Harmony Extra (1X) 0 a 0 d

Harmony Extra (4X) 0 a 0 d

2,4-D + dicamba 0 a 63 c

Everest 0 a 68 c

Starane (LR) 0 a 86 ab

Starane (HR) 0 a 94 a

Sencor (LR) 0 a 76 bc

Sencor (HR) 0 a 99 a

Control 0 a 0 d

Common Chickweed Control with Postemergence Treatments New Kent County, Virginia – April 24, 2009

ACCase resistant (diclofop). Current options for ACCase resistantryegrass are ALS inhibitors or preemergence treatments. ALSresistance reported in North Carolina and suspected in Virginia.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Italian ryegrass, common chickweed, mouseear chickweed, hairy vetch, henbit, common lambsquarters, mustard species, field pennycress, redroot pigweed, shepherdspurse, Russian thistle, white clover, Virginia pepperweed

New Entry – Wheat (POST): PowerFlex 7.5 D 3.5 oz(pyroxsulam)

Apply to wheat in late fall or early spring from the 3-leaf stage to jointing.

Apply to grass weeds from the 2 - leaf to 2 - tiller stage and broadleaf weeds up to 2 inches tall or 2 inches in diameter.

Non-ionic surfactant (0.25%to 0.50%) or crop oil concentrate (0.8%) are required.

May be applied in spray solutions containing liquid nitrogen (not more than 50% of spray solution and not exceeding 30 pounds of nitrogen per acre).

Do not mix with dicamba, 2,4-D amine or MCPA amine as they may antagonize grass control. It is permissible to tank mix with 2,4-D ester or MCPA ester.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Common chickweed (including ALS-resistant biotypes), cocklebur, hemp dogbane, prickly lettuce, common ragweed, sunflower, velvetleaf and suppression of jimsonweed, lambsquarters, morningglory species, nightshade species, and field bindweed.

New Entry – Small Grains (POST): Starane Ultra 2.8 L

0.3- 0.4 pt/acre (fluroxypyr) Apply to small grain from the 2-leaf stage up to and including flag leaf emergence for control of actively growing broadleaf weeds, but before weeds are 8 inches tall.

Do not apply more than 0.7 pint per acre of Starane Ultra per growing season.

Do not graze treated fields for 7 days after application.

Do not apply closer than 14 days before cutting of hay or 40 days before harvesting of grain and straw.

Do not use if cereal crop is underseeded with a legume.

WEEDS CONTROLLED: Annual bluegrass, bromegrass, common chickweed (suppression - including ALS-resistant biotypes), henbit, Italian ryegrass (suppression), mouseear chickweed, and others.

New Entry – Wheat (DPRE): Axiom 68 DF4.0 – 10.0 oz/acre (flufenacet + metribuzin)

Apply from spike to 3-leaf growth stage of wheat.

Use 4.0 to 6.0 oz/acre on coarse soils and 6.0 to 10.0 on medium and fine soils.

Axiom may be tank-mixed with and/or applied sequentially with any other herbicides which are registered for use in winter wheat unless prohibited on the label of the tank-mix or sequentially applied product.

Do not apply in tank-mixtures with crop oil concentrates, vegetable and/or petroleum oils as crop injury may result.

2,4 - D

BANVEL / CLARITY

CROSSBOW

STINGER

CIMARRON (ALLY)

CIMARRON MAX

CIMARRON PLUS

REDEEM

GRAZON P + D

REMEDY

SURMOUNT

PASTUREGARD

AIM

MILESTONE - FOREFRONT

Grazon P+D Tordon + 2,4-D(picloram + 2,4-D)

PastureGard Garlon + Vista(triclopyr + fluroxypyr)

Redeem Garlon + Stinger(triclopyr + clopyralid)

Remedy (triclopyr)

Surmount Tordon + Vista(picloram + fluroxypyr)

Chaparral: Dow – Milestone + Ally

DPX-MAT28: DuPont – aminocyclopyrachlor

Pastora: DuPont – Accent + Ally

Prowl H2O

WEEDS CONTROLLED : MILESTONE plus CIMARRON LISTS: Aster spp., bedstraw, biennial thistle spp., bittercress, bitter sneezeweed, black locust, black medic, black-eyed Susan, blackberry, brackenfern, burdock, buttercup spp., Canada thistle, Carolina geranium, chamomile, common chickweed, common purselane, common ragweed, common sunflower, common vetch, common yarrow, chicory, cinquefoil, clover spp., corn cockle, cocklebur, cowcockle, crownvetch, cutleaf eveningprimrose, dandelion, dewberry, dock, fiddleneck, filaree, fleabane, goldenrod spp., hawkweed spp., henbit, honey locust, honeysuckle, horsenettle, ironweed, knapweed spp., kudzu, lambsquarters, lespedeza spp., mayweed spp., mexicantea, mullien, mustard spp., multiflora rose, oxeye daisy, partridgepea, pigweed spp., plantain spp., ragwort, red sorrel, sowthistle spp., shepardspurse, sicklepod, sida spp., smartweed spp., Spanish needles, spiny amaranth, starthistle spp., teasel, yellow woodsorrel, wild carrot, wild parsnip, wooly croton, and others.

New Entry – Pasture: Chaparral 71.6 D1.0 -3.3 oz/acre (aminopyralid plus metsulfuron)

Intended for broadleaf weed control in permanent grass pasture

Apply in combination with crop oil concentrate or nonionic surfactant

Do not use on Timothy hay or other cool-season grasses grown for hay

Do not use more than 2 oz/A on tall fescue

Carefully observe label directions regarding use of treated plant residue and manure and regarding rotational crop restrictions

Treatment % Control

DPX-MAT28 1.0 oz 78 c

DPX-MAT28 2.0 oz 87 b

DPX-MAT28 3.0 oz 91 ab

DPX-MAT28 4.0 oz 95 ab

Milestone 5.0 oz 100 a

2,4-D 32.0 oz 100 a

Control 0 d

Treatment % Control

ForeFront 2 pt 100 a

ForeFront 2.6 pt 100 a

ForeFront 2 ptRemedy 1 pt

100 a

ForeFront 2 ptCrossbow 4 pt

100 a

ForeFront 2 ptRemedy 2 pt

100 a

Crossbow 4 pt 100 a

ForeFront 2.6 ptRemedy 2 pt

100 a

Control 0 b

Treatment % Control 21 DAT

% Control 46 DAT

Chaparral 2oz + nis 68 abc 100 a

Chaparral 3oz + nis 71 abc 100 a

Chaparral 2oz + mso 57 abcd 100 a

Chaparral 3oz + mso 51 bcd 100 a

Chaparral 2oz + Syl-tac 48 cd 100 a

Chaparral 3oz + Syl-tac 75 abc 100 a

Chaparral 2oz + ams + nis 84 a 100 a

Chaparral 2oz + 2,4-D + nis 62 abc 100 a

ForeFront 29 d 100 a

Cimarron + Weedmaster 53 abcd 100 a

Cimarron Plus 83 ab 100 a

Chaparral 2oz + coc 63 abc 100 a

Control 0 e 0 b

Treatment % Control

Chaparral 2 oz 98 a

Chaparral 3 oz 100 a

Chaparral 2 oz + Remedy 1 pt 98 a

Chaparral 3 oz + Remedy 1 pt 99 a

Cimarron 0.5 oz 98 a

ForeFront 2.6 pt + Remedy 1 pt 100 a

ForeFront 2.6 pt + Remedy 2 pt 100 a

Milestone 7 oz + Remedy 2 pt 100 a

Remedy 2 pt 100 a

Milestone VM Plus 9 oz 100 a

ForeFront 2.6 pt + PastureGard 2 pt

100 a

Control 0 b

Pastora: (Accent + Escort) – POST annual and perennial grass control plus annual and perennial broadleaf control in bermudagrass pasture and hay. Application in combination with N fertilizer and other herbicides.

Prowl H2O: pendimethalin. Proposed Fall 2009 label for PRE weedy grass control in cool season grass pastures/hayfields. Fall panicum, crabgrass, foxtails, goosegrass, etc.

Treatment % Control – 38 DAT

Control 0 c

Chateau 95 a

Chateau + nis 99 a

Chateau +Gramoxone Inteon

100 a

Gramoxone Inteon * 3 c

Sinbar 99 a

Sencor 80 b

Pursuit 99 a

Prowl 98 a

QUESTIONS?