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PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE
THE ORGANIC FRACTION IN MUNICIPAL MIXED WASTE: Regulation, Policy,
Challenges and Study Cases
TEL AVIV, ISRAEL 13th December 2018
1
LIPOR: optimising the management of the organic fraction in Porto
Metropolitan Area
SUSANA LOPES [email protected]
www.lipor.pt
2
1. BIO-WASTE IN THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY
2. LIPOR INTEGRATED RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MODEL
3. LIPOR BIO-WASTE STRATEGY
i. COLLECTION AND CENTRALISED TREATMENT ii. DECENTRALISED TREATMENT iii. PREVENTION, REDUCTION AND REUSE OF BIO-
WASTE
4. BIO-WASTE COLLECTION: STUDY CASES ACROSS EUROPE
5. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION : BRIEF OVERVIEW
6. COSTS ANALYSIS : BRIEF OVERVIEW
7. FINAL REMARKS AND TAKE HOME MESSAGES
AGENDA
3
BIO-WASTE DEFINITION
Bio-waste is defined as biodegradable garden and park waste, food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants, caterers and retail premises, and comparable waste from food processing plants.
Bio-waste in the circular
economy
5 Source: European Compost Network
Bio-waste in the circular
economy
6
Bio-waste in the circular
economy
7
Bio-waste in the circular
economy
PICTURE OF LIPOR
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PICTURE OF LIPOR
LIPOR - Intermunicipal Waste Management of Greater Porto,
responsible for the management, recovery and treatment of
MSW produced by the 8 Associated Municipalities.
Founded in 1982 as an Association of Municipalities. In 2017,
LIPOR celebrated 35 years.
10
MISSION To implement innovative waste management solutions, promoting a circular approach and the creation of shared value.
VISION We want to participate in the global market and create trends for a sustainable future.
8 Municipalities
1% Area
1.000.000 Inhabitants
12 % MSW Annual production
10 % Population
500.000 t MSW Treatment
Portugal
LIPOR
11
PICTURE OF LIPOR
PICTURE OF LIPOR
12 https://portal.lipor.pt/pls/apex/f?p=2021:1:0
Map waste/resources flows
Scale separate collection (Packaging, Paper, Glass & Bio-waste, others)
Develop processes & technologies
Work across value chain
Key priorities
LIPOR
Integrated Resources Management Model
Important! Data quality - Monitoring
LIPOR
INTEGRATED RESOURCES
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Good Services &
Infrastructures
Communication & Awareness
Legislation
Financial & economic
tools/incentives
Monitoring
Control
Data
Key pillars Effective Waste Management
PICTURE OF LIPOR
15
https://portal.lipor.pt/pls/apex/f?p=2021:1:0
Sorting Plant Drop-Off Site Composting Plant
Horta da Formiga (Organic farm)
Adventure park (old Ermesinde landfill )
Sorting Platforms
Operational Units
Waste to Energy Plant
Sanitary landfill
Operational Units
LIPOR BIO-WASTE STRATEGY
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Composting Plant
LIPOR
FRAMEWORK
Prevention
Bio-waste recycling
Production of an organic soil improver
The Strategy
MSW National Strategic Plan
LIPOR
Action Plan
Waste Prevention
Plan
Biodiversity Strategy
WASTE AS A RESOURCE
WASTE AS A PROBLEM
around 40% Bio-waste in MSW
> 60% of national soils at risk of desertification
Preparation for Reuse and Recycling Target
Mandatory separate collection (2023)
Bio-waste Strategy Decision making
LIPOR FRAMEWORK
WtE
Centralised treatment
Decentralised treatment
Source Reduction and Reuse
LIPOR STRATEGIC ACTION AXES
BIO-WASTE COLLECTION AND CENTRALISED TREATMENT
23
https://www.lipor.pt/en/municipal-solid-waste/organic-recovery/
www.nutrimais.pt
24
Collection and treatment systems Communication
and awareness
Monitoring & control
Data reporting
Integrated Management overview
Costs, Fees & taxes Bio-waste
strategy
Critical factors
Bio-waste
Food and kitchen waste
Green waste
Separate collection
Treatment
Composting Plant
Market for compost
LIPOR Bio-waste strategy The key elements
26
Main projects implemented
Separate collection for Green Waste
Separate collection in cemeteries
Separate collection for HORECA sector
Bio-waste separate collection for Large Generators (Fresh markets, agrifood companies, …)
5* Project (HORECA) : Main Results, 2017
Number of Participants: around 1760
Total amount Food Waste > 17.000 tonnes
% of impurities < 5%
LIPOR
Separate collection for Bio-waste
Separate collection for Households
Per capita : around 9,5 tonnes/year
Separate collection for Households
6 Pilot projects ongoing
Different residential areas involved
Collection 2 - 3 times/week
Small volume kitchen caddies and wheelbins
Implementation of bio-waste separate collection in all
municipalities of LIPOR by 2020
LIPOR
BIO-WASTE DOOR TO DOOR SEPARATE COLLECTION PILOTS PROJECTS
•Valongo Municipality
•Started: June 2017
•1 212 Households
•3 636 inhabitans
•5 flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, foodwaste and
residual waste)
•Porto Municipality
•Started in August 2018
•1.156 households
•3.230 inhabitants
•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and
residual waste)
•Matosinhos Municipality
•Started in October 2018
•731 households
•2 045 inhabitants
•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and
residual waste)
BIO-WASTE DOOR TO DOOR SEPARATE COLLECTION PILOTS PROJECTS
•Maia Municipality
•Started in November 2018
530 households
1.325 inhabitants
5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and
residual waste)
•Vila do Conde Municipality
•Started in November 2018
•1 330 households
•3 700 inhabitants
•5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, food waste and
residual waste)
•Espinho Municipality
•Started in July 2018
•1.699 households
o4.750 inhabitants
o5 Flows (Glass, Paper/Card, Packaging, Green waste and
residual waste)
LIPOR FOOD WASTE
SEPARATE
COLLECTION
Project co-funded by:
Expected results (first year) : 45 kg/inhabitant.year
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Support materials Awareness campaings
Container’s information Communication Bio-waste separate collection
Communication campaigns
Involve people in their own community decisions and actions, to avoid “not my business”– syndrome, and ensure “maximum participation”.
LIPOR GREEN WASTE
Door - to - Door
Separate Collection
First results : 10 tonnes/month Very low level of impurities Population involved : High satisfaction level
LIPOR COMPOSTING PLANT
LIPOR’ Composting Plant
• 60.000 t of bio-waste (food & kitchen waste + green waste) • Production of 15.000 t of compost
• 18 tunnels (In-vessel system)
• Composting time: 28 days + 2 to 4 weeks for Maturation
LIPOR Composting Plant
Bio-waste characteristics (Input) Moisture content: high/very high Organic matter: high/very high (> 70%) C/N : 22 - 30 Density: 500 – 650 kg/m3
Nutrimais
An organic soil improver 100% natural…
36
Improves soil organic matter
content
Pathogens free
Suitable for organic farming
Improves soil fertility
Carbon sink
Nutrimais
An organic soil improver 100% natural…
37
The production of Nutrimais not only creates value in
terms of regenerating agricultural soils, but also creates
economic value.
Nutrimais’ market price is around 55€/tonne
Carbon Nutrients Soil
HOME AND COMMUNITY COMPOSTING
RESULTS
More than 13,900 composters
55 organic community gardens (communal composting)
More than 1,800 plots
Around 12 hectares Organic Farming, Greater Porto Region
Decentralised treatment
RAISING AWARENESS
CHANGING EATING HABITS
SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
REDUCE AND COMBAT FOOD
WASTE
HEALTHIER MEALS
PREVENTION SOURCE REDUCTION & REUSE
Dose Certa
Results
41 Dose Certa Certifications • Reduction potential ≈ 30%
• Biggest Problem:
Leftovers from the clients plates = 1,40Kg/meal.year
COMMITMENT ASSESSMENT TRAINING CERTIFICATION FOLLOW-UP
AND MONITORING
Embrulha. Dose Certa
“Tripas à moda do Porto” “Migas à Alentejana” “Bacalhau” “Sardinhas”
Embrulha.
• Increase Food Waste Reduction • Encorage citizens to take their leftovers home
• Promote the leftovers consumption • 8,4 tonnes of food recovered (edible food)
• 36 Restaurants of Porto municipality joined the scheme • 1,76 t of avoided CO2 emissions
43
LIPOR
BIO-WASTE STRATEGY The Importance of Complementary Solutions
Composting Plant
PREVENTION
•Initiatives against Food Waste:
• Dose Certa
• Embrulha.
•Home composting
•Community composting
•Natural garden project
BIO-WASTE RECYCLING
Expansion of Separate collection of Bio-waste (Large Generators and Households)
Expansion of Green waste separate collection
BAT infrastructures
SUPPORT TOOLS
Raising Awareness and communication
Financial & economic incentives - Implementation of PAYT systems
Expansion of organic soil improver market with Green Public Procurement
Improve monitoring (Datacenter)
44
LIPOR
BIO-WASTE STRATEGY
Composting islands
Decentralized AD unit Innovative
processes
Composting plant
Green waste
Food waste
Products
VISION FOR 2030
BIO-WASTE SEPARATE COLLECTION : STUDY CASES ACROSS EUROPE
46
Bio-waste separate
collection
Study cases
Barcelona (Sarrià): results
≈ 41 kg/capita/year average, since the first week.
• Very high quality • Before: 14% impurities • New scheme: < 1%
• Separate collection increase • Before: 19%, after: 60%
Source: Michele Giavini, CIC, 2018
Bio-waste separate
collection
Study cases
Source: Michele Giavini, CIC, 2018
Geneva - results
381'000 habitants, 2017 2015: 30 kg/inhab/year 2016: 35.5 kg/inhab/year (+18%) 2017: 38.5 kg/inhab/year (+8% // +
28%)
49
Efficiency of bio-waste collection models
50
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION : BRIEF OVERVIEW
52
LIPOR BIO-WASTE
STRATEGY
Anaerobic digestion versus composting AD of source separated wastes offers sustainable alternatives to landfilling, incineration and even to composting, ultimately providing renewable energy and fertilisers. The choice between various treatment options for organic waste and the comparative merits of composting versus anaerobic digestion, depends on the one hand on the nature (suitability) of the waste material and the feasibility of the technology, and on the other hand on the local conditions and needs as well as on the policy, objectives and targets of the local community.
AD is a standard technology for the treatment of organic waste in Europe.
Chemical and biological impurities must also be strictly monitored and limited to allow safe and beneficial utilisation of digestate as plant fertilizer.
Chemical pollutants, contaminants, toxins, pathogens or other physical impurities which cannot be decomposed into harmless compounds by the AD process must not be present in AD feedstock materials.
Anaerobic digestion
Brief overview
COSTS ANALYSIS
55
Source separation and separated waste collection are historically perceived as elements that increases the costs of waste treatment. But, this is only true if source separation is seen separate from the overall management of municipal waste. Source separation adds costs to the waste collection process, but reduces the amount of residual waste and the costs of its management, and should therefore be integrated and optimized, together with the measures for waste minimization and recycling, within the overall system of municipal waste management.
Source: Favoino, 2006
Bio-waste separate collection
Costs
57
Catalonia, Spain data
58
EUNOMIA, 2002
Source separation
Composting 35 – 75€/t
Source separation
Anaerobic Digestion
80 - 125€/t
FINAL REMARKS & TAKE HOME MESSAGES
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FINAL REMARKS
Prevention must be always the first step and the first goal.
On-site and decentralised treatments for Bio-waste must be improved.
Achieved an efficient separate collection of bio-waste:
capture rate (kg/inhabitant)
quality (minimum presence of impurities)
Developing the adequate logistics for collection:
collection system (DtD, Road containers,…)
collection schedule/calendar
resources and equipment (containers, vehicles, compostable bags,…)
Design the proper treatment system(s):
local circumstances and characteristics
technology
operational and maintenance requirements
outputs and quality standards
Develop products &
markets
Improve quality
Increase capture
rate
More & adequate collection schemes Integration with other sectors Share best practices
Exploit synergies R&D BAT Incentives, GPP
Separation collection Quality specifications Awareness & training
skills knowledge competencies commitment confidence
FINAL
REMARKS
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
• AWARENESS AND COMUNICATION STRATEGIES ARE
NEVER ENOUGH
• THINK FOR THE PRESENT BUT SPECIALLY FOR THE
FUTURE
• INVOLVEMENT OF SEVERAL STAKEHOLDERS;
• OPEN TO COMMUNITY = ENGAGED COMMUNITY;
• SHARE KNOWLEDGE & BEST PRACTICES
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
enable encourage
engage exemplify
LIPOR IS MEMBER OF…
64