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Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

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Page 1: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Prof. Santosh KumarNational Institute of Disaster Management

III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Page 2: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Reality CheckIndia’s exposure to hazard is very high High exposure does not always mean high 

l bili  b   l   i  d l    i  vulnerability but slow capacity development process is inadequate to cope with the risksAnd  hence vulnerability is very high and the And, hence vulnerability is very high and the frequency of catastrophic events have gone up in last two decades.Risk is dynamic. With increasing  human population and risk friendly or mitigation blind  development i f    ki   i i  infrastructure  making situation worse

Page 3: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Disaster Impact More than 360 natural disasters have been recorded over the past 35 years and the reported event frequency has been increasing over the period  has been increasing over the period. Within the last five years of the 21st century, various natural disasters claimed nearly 30 thousand lives and natural disasters claimed nearly 30 thousand lives and 247,480 thousand  got affected.The reported direct losses on public and private p p peconomic infrastructure in India have amounted to around $30 billion over the past 35 years. 

Page 4: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Financing Emergency Relief Calamity Relief Fund with the state / district National Calamity Contingency Fund‐ fredralBilateral support PM Relief FundCM Relief FundFunds Raised by the CommunityUN and Other INGO support

Page 5: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Disaster Funding in IndiaThe responsibility for disaster funding in the aftermath of a natural catastrophe has been shared by the state and central governmentsthe state and central governments.While the affected state manages the relief work and reconstruction efforts  the central government reconstruction efforts, the central government provides financial supportThe current funding  is a reactive responsive to each g pevent. However, Act 2005 has made provision of ex‐ante funding as Mitigation fund but yet to be formulatedformulated.

Page 6: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

CRF actual expenditure 2001‐07Year                              Rs. in Crores2000 ‐2001                      3878.452001 ‐2002                      5012.12002 ‐2003                      4168.182003‐2004                       4658.162004 ‐2005                      5568.142005 ‐2006                      8572.462006 ‐2007                      7899.45T l  66Total  39766.94

Page 7: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Details of releases from National Calamity Contingency Fund (NCCF)

YEAR                                                R  I  C                                                        YEAR                                                Rs. In Crore                                                       

2000‐01                                            924.212002 02                                          1368 68  2002‐02                                          1368.68  2002‐03                                          1600.002003‐04                                          1587.422004‐05                                           2583.122005‐06                                          3061.442006‐07                                          1962.052006 07                                          1962.052007‐08 (till date)                           283.96

Total                                                  13370 .88

Page 8: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Phases of Recovery

Recovery processes focusing on livelihoods/assetre‐establishment and reducing vulnerabilities, are facilitatedformally and informally through relief efforts, but are left, partiallyUn‐addressed when insufficient attention and funds are given

Scale  R   l   dGAP

Scale of unmet needs

Relief efforts Recovery processes are acceleratedAnd completed through the launch of 

Recovery slows aroundthe time that Relief effortsCease and before Reconstruction And development starts

focusing onsaving and preserving lives

And completed through the launch of A follow or appeal

1/4 E.g. 3 E.g. 6. E.g. 12 E.g. 18

Disaster occurs Flash AppealFollow on Appeal

End of Relief period

Long termRecovery starts

End of earlyRecoveryperiod

Month

Page 9: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Funding gap from immediate recovery , relief to long term recovery

immediate  relief    medium     &  long term recovery

Page 10: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Some additionaltiesLoan waive off in the drought prone areas of Rs. 65000 croreG  i  Aid Grant in Aid Bilateral support PM R li f F dPM Relief FundCM Relief FundDi i   f d l t F dDiversion of development FundFunds Raised by the CommunityUN and Other INGO supportUN and Other INGO support

Page 11: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Comprehensive Risk Management

RI EMERISK ANA

RISKASSESSME

INSTITUTIONS 

EMERGENCY PREP

RISK FINANCING AND A

NYSIS

SSMENT

BUILDING

AREDNESS

AND TRANSFER

Page 12: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Policy IssuesDo we have Insurance as an alternative Status of ex‐ante alternativeGovt role in Making Cat‐ Insurance as mandatoryMonitoring of compensationIn what condition Insurance claim will become operativeTh   t  f  i  t  th     d th   t The cost of premium to the poor and the most vulnerables.Monitoring  & institutional mechanism for Cat‐ netMonitoring  & institutional mechanism for Cat net

Page 13: Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster ...€¦ · 20/03/2012  · Prof. Santosh Kumar National Institute of Disaster Management III, Mumbai 20.03.2012

Market ReadinessConsumer friendly products in the absence of MitigationR di   f  h  i   iReadiness of the insurance companiesIssues of Re‐InsuranceP i   f IPenetration of InsuranceMechanism foe incentivizing InsuranceCh ll   f  t  f  l i  i  tiChallenges of payment of claims in timeMultiple hazard base products