PARTICIPANTS

Prof. R. Martin Arthur Washington University 700 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 362-2135

Prof. A. R. Ashrafzadeh Department of EE University of Detroit 4001 McNichols Road Detroit, MI 48221 (313) 927-1364

Prof. Mani Azimi Electrical Engineering Dept. Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 (517) 353-8980

Mingsian Robin Bai Iowa State University 5175 Buchanan Hall Ames, IA 50013 (515) 294-0075

Dr. H. Bartelt Siemens AG, ZFE TPH 41 Paul-Gosseu-Str. 100 D-8520 Erlangen Federal Republic of Germany 09131/720110

Michael Berggren Dept. of Bioengineering University of Utah Room 2480 MEB Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (801) 581-7064

Tim Blankenship University of Missouri-Rolla 118 Elec. Engr. Bldg. Rolla, MO 65401 (314) 341-4506

Carl Boehning Allied-Signal Inc. Bendix Kansas City Division P. O. Box 619159, D/816, SA-1 Kansas City, MO 64141-6159 (816) 997-5266

M. S . S. Bolorforosh King's College London 21-Firlodge, 3-Gipsy Lane London 3W15 5.S.A., England 01-8764037

Steven R. Broadstone Washington University 700 South Euclid Avenue St. Louis, MO 63110 (314) 362-2135

Prof. Jim Burt Physics Department York University 4700 Keele Street Downsview, Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada (416) 623-2100 ext. 7722

Lawrence Busse General Electric - AEBG One Neumann Way, E-45 Cincinnati, OH 45215 (513) 552-4926

Didier Cassereau Etudes et Productions Schlumberger 26 Rue de La Cavee 92120 Clamart, France 33-1-45-37-26-14

Thomas J. Cavicchi University of Illinois 1406 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61820 (217) 333-0188

647

Y. S. Cha Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, IL 60439 (312) 972-5899

Richard Y. Chiao Department of ECE University of Illinois 1406 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-4465

Hajime Chiba JEOL Trading Co., Ltd. 1-15-6 Ginza Tokyo, Japan (03) 567-4780

Al Chu Mayo Clinic 200 First Street SW Rochester, MN 55905 (507) 284-2115

Dr. Wei-Kom Chu University of Nebraska Med. Ctr. 42nd and Dewey Avenue Omaha, NE 68105 (402) 559-5275

Jen-Hui Chuang Department of ECE University of Illinois 1406 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-6753

Prof. Noriyoshi Chubachi Dept. of Electrical Engineering Tohoku University Sendai 980, Japan (022) 222-1800 Ext. 4286

C. C. Cutler Stanford University Ginzton Lab Stanford, CA 94305 (415) 723-0261

Patrick S. Davis Hughes Aircraft Company 2000 East EI Segundo Blvd. BLD E-1, MIS L132 EI Segundo, CA 90250 (213) 616-9990

648

Pr. J. F. de Belleval Universite de Compiegne BP233 60206 Compiegne, France 44-20-9960

Floyd Dunn University of Illinois 1406 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-3133

Andre Farcy IFREMER ZP de Bregaillom BP 330 83512 La Seyne Cedex France 94 94 1836

Marc L. Feron Department of ECE Illinois Institute of Technology 3301 South Dearborn Chicago, IL 60616 (312) 567-3400

Prof. Mathias Fink University Paris VII 2 Place Jussieu Paris 75005, France (1) 4336-2525 ext. 4620

Dr. F. Stuart Foster Physics Division Ontario Cancer Institute 500 Sherbourne Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M4X 1K9 (416) 924-0671 ext. 5066

B. Froelich Schlumberger Old Quarry Road Ridgefield, CT 06877 (203) 431-5331

Dr. M. J. Gebel Div. Gastroenterol. and Hepatol Medizinische Hochschule Hannover 3000 Hannover 61, POB. 610180 West Germany 511-5323305

Mark S. Geisler Marquette University 8200 West Tower Avenue Milwaukee, WI 53222 (414) 355-5000

Steve Gleason Iowa State University 1300 Gateway, 301 Ames, IA 50010 (515) 292-3856

Prof. Sheryl Gracewski Mechanical Engineering Dept. University of Rochester 217 Hopeman Rochester, NY 14627 (716) 275-7853

Philip S. Green SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Meno Park, CA 94025 (415) 859-2882

Rolf Kahrs Hansen Nutec P.O. Box 6 N-5034 YTRE Laksevaag Norway 47-5341600

John Harris University of l11inois 216 Talbot Laboratory 104 South Wright Urbana, IL 61820 (217) 333-7433

Jeff Hastings ICFAR 611 North Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46204 (317) 262-5071

Patrick B. Heffernan Hewlett-Packard Labs Building 286 1651 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94306 (415) 857-7396

Gert Hetzel Siemens Henkestr. 127 Dept. STUE 12 8520 Erlangen West Germany 9131-843488

Xie Huchen University of Science & Technology Hefei, Anhuei China

Dr. Mehdi Vaez-Iravani Philips Laboratories, NAPC 345 Scarborough Road Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 (914) 945-6429

Richard Johnson Quantum Medical Systems 1040 12th Avenue N. W. Issaquah, WA 98027 (206) 392-9180

Steven A. Johnson Dept. of Bioengineering University of Utah Room 2480 MEB Salt Lake City, UT 84112 (801) 581-8528

Dr. Patrick H. Johnston NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 231 Hampton, VA 23665 (804) 865-3036

Dr. Hugh W. Jones Technical University of Nova Scotia P.O. Box 1000 Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2X4 Canada (902) 429-8300 ext. 2208

Martin P. Jones Alcoa ATC-B, EDD Alcoa Center, PA 15069 (412) 337-2368

James Justice Mobil R&D Corporation 2819 Carriage Lane Carrollton, TX 75006 (214) 851-8249

Dr. Lawrence W. Kessler Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-8795

Sun I. Kim Drexel University Dept. of Biomedical Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 895-1924

649

Gregory D. Lapin Children's Memorial Hospital Northwestern University 2300 Children's Plaza Chicago, IL 60614 (312) 880-4730

Prof. Hua Lee Electrical Engineering Dept. University of Illinois 1406 West Green Street Urbana, IL 61801 (217) 333-0167

Sidney Lees Forsyth Dental Center 140 Fenway Boston, MA 02115 (617) 262-5200

Dr. Robert M. Lerner University of Rochester Strong Memorial Hospital Diag. Rad. 601 Elmwood Avenue Rochester, NY 14642 (716) 275-8365

D. Lesselier CNRS-ESE ESE Plateau du Moulon 91190 Gif-Sur-Yvette France (1) 69478040

Zse-Cherng Lin SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 (415) 859-4904

Timothy Luce Applied Research Lab Penn State University 123 North Barnard State College, PA 16801 (814) 238-4521

Prof. Philip L. Marston Department of Physics Washington State University Pullman, WA 99164-2814 (509) 335-5343

Prof. J. F. McDonald Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Center for Integrated Electronics Troy, NY 12181 (518) 270-6033

650

Robert McWharf General Electric Company CSP-5 W2 Syracuse, NY 13146 (315) 456-1672

Serge Mensah C.N.R.S. 31 Chemin de Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille Cedex 9 France 91-22-41-76

John W. Monzyk Southern Illinois University 516 South Hays Carbondale, IL 62901 (618) 549-2498

Dan Nagle Illinois Institute of Technology 3366 South Michigan Chicago, IL 60616 (312) 326-9830

M. Nikoonahad Philips Laboratories 345 Scarborough Road Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 (914) 945-6312

Prof. Hiroji Ohigashi Dept. of Polymer Materials Engrg. Yamagata University Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, Yamagata Yonezawa, 992, Japan (0238) 22-5181

Michael G. Oravecz Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-8795

Harry Oung Drexel University 32nd & Chestnut Streets Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 895-1829

Prof. Song B. Park Korea Advanced Inst. of Science & Tech. P.O. Box 150 Chongyangni, Seoul Korea 967-8901 ext. 3711

Prof. Anna Pate Dept. of Engineering Science & Mech Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 (515) 294-0093

Bogdan Piwakowski Institut Industriel du Nord 59 651 Villeneuve d'Ascq B.P. 48 Cedex France 20 91 01 15 ext. 323

Paul Reinholdtsen Stanford University Ginzton Lab Stanford, CA 94305 (415) 723-0297

William D. Richard Electrical Engineering Department University of Missouri-Rolla Rolla, MO 65401 (314) 364-6631

John M. Richardson Rockwell International Science Center 1049 Camino Dos Rios Thousand Oaks, CA 91360 (805) 373-4137

Karen L. Riney Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-8795

William P. Robbins Department of Electronic Engineering University of Minnesota 123 Church Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612) 625-8014

Ronald A. Roberts Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, 1L 60439 (312) 972-5198

Brent Robinson Advanced Technology Labs, Inc. 22100 Bothell Hgwy, S.E. P.O. Box 3003 Bothell, WA 98041-3003 (206) 487-7124

Prof. Mark S. Rondeau Cornell Medical College Dept. of Ophthomology 1300 York Avenue New York, NY 10021 (212) 472-5616

Dr. Jafar Saniie Electrical & Computer Engrg. Dept. Illinois Institute of Technology lIT Center, Dept. of ECE Chicago, IL 60616 (312) 567-3400

Laura J. Santangelo Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-7088

Mark E. Schafer Interspec 1100 East Hector Street Conshohocken, PA 19428 (215) 834-1511

Jungen Schmolke Uni-Erlangen, Hochfrequenztech. Cauerstr. 9 D-8520 Erlangen Germany 09131/85 72 27

Janet E. Semmens Sonoscan, Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-8795

S. H. Sheen Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass A venue Argonne, IL 60439 (312) 972-7502

Michael Sherar Physics Division Ontario Cancer Institute 500 Sherbourne Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M4X 1K9 (416) 924-0671 ext. 5066

Akira Shiba Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1015, Kamiodanaka Nakahara-ku Kawasaki 211 Japan 044-777-1111 ext. 2-6376

651

John Skelton Albany International Rej Co. 1000 Providence Highway Dedham, MA 02026 (617) 326-5500

Dr. Andrew M. Snoddy ICFAR 611 North Capitol Avenue Indianapolis, IN 46204 (317) 262-5080

Prof. Mehrdad Soumekh Dept. of Electrical Engineering State Univ. of New York Buffalo, NY 14260 (716) 636-2425

Dr. Richard Stiffler Alcoa Alcoa Technical Center Alcoa Center, P A 15069 (412) 337-5819

Wan Suiren Nanjing Institute of Technology Dept. of Biomedical Engineering People's Republic of China 31700

Thomas L. Szabo Hewlett Packard 3000 Minuteman Road Andover, MA 01810 (617) 687-1501

Yasuhito Takeuchi Yokogawa Medical Systems Ltd. 613 Sakae-cho Tachikawa 190 Japan 81-425-36-8561

Lee Tatistcheff Digital Equipment Corporation 30 Forbes Road, NR05/B4 Northboro, MA 01532 (617) 351-4875

Tat-Jin Teo Biomedical Engineering Dept. Drexel University 32nd & Chestnut Streets Philadelphia, PA 19104 (215) 895-1829

652

Dr. Piero Tortoli Dept. of Electronic Engineering University of Florence via Santa Marta, 3 Florence, Italy 50139 (055) 47951

Louis Tran Huu Hue Laboratoire de Biophysique Medical 2 Bis Boulevard Tonnele Tours 37000 France 47-37-66-69

W. Randal Vaughn Independent Consultant & Publisher One Holly Court Terrace Lake Zurich, IL 60047 (312) 540-0618

Marija Vukovojac Butterworth Scientific Limited P.O. Box 63 Westbury House Bury Street Guildford, Surrey GU2 5BH United Kingdom 0483-31261

Prof. Glen Wade University of California Department of ECE Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (805) 961-2508

Tao Wang Illinois Institute of Technology 3224 South Wallace Avenue Chicago, IL 60616 (312) 842-4142

Zhao Qiu Wang Laboratoire de Biophysique Faculte de Medecine 2 Bd Tonnelle Tours 37000 France 47-37-66-69

Richard J. Womb ell Physics Department King's College London Strand, London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom 01-836-5454 ext. 2142

Debbie Yu Son os can , Inc. 530 East Green Street Bensenville, IL 60106 (312) 766-8795

AUTHOR INDEX

Ahmed, T., 493 Akashi, N., 211 Al-Sibakhi, G. Z., 141 Andreuccetti, F., 219 Ardi ti, 1'1., 115 Arnold, N., 301 Arthur, R. M., 165 Arzelies, P., 589 Ashrafzadeh, A. R., 209, 291 Atzeni, C., 219 Augustin, J. M., 589

Bai, M. R., 251 Berggren, M. J., 353 Berry, J., 395 Beudon, D., 445 Bilgutay, N. M., 95 Blankenship, T., 181 Boehning, C. W., 131 Bolorforosh, M. S. S., 63 Borup, D. T., 353 Botros, N., 209, 291 Broadstone, S. R., 165 Burt, J. A., 1 5

Cai, A., 301 Cancre, F., 445 Capsimalis, G., 339 Cassereau, D., 457, 469 Cheung, J. Y., 209, 297 Chiao, R., 601 Chu, W. K., 291 Chuang, J. H., 221 Chubachi, N., 211 Coutts, W., 339 Cutler, C. C., 565

Das, P. K., 339 Delannoy, B., 621, 637 Dormer, K. J., 209 Dunn, F., 211

Eidens, R. s., 353

Farcy, A., 589 Feron, M. L., 237

Fiddy, ~. A., 373 Fink, M., 29, 445 Foster, F. S., 511

Gaudefroy, A., 15 Gjellum, D., 613 Gleason, S. M., 249 Goderya, S., 493 Gramiak, R., 317 Green, P. S., 1, 115 Guyomar, D., 451, 469

Hayek, S. I., 261 Hijazi, N. A., 339 Holen, J., 311 Hou, VI., 301 Hu, F. P., 41 Hua, L. L., 41 Huchen, X., 41 Hussain, M. G. M., 147

Iravani, M. V., 483

Jensen, J. F., 1, 175 Jindo, T., 521 Johnson, K. W., 493 Johnson, S. A., 353 Johnston, P. H., 19 Jones, H. W., 395

Kessler, L. W., 105, 129, 535 Khuri-Yakub, B. T., 85 Kim, S. 1., 287 Kim, W. W., 353 Koo, J. I., 49 Koyama, K., 521 Kushibiki, J., 211

Lapin, G. D., 329 Lasher, M., 613 Lee, H., 221, 601 Lefebvre, J. P., 405 Lerner, R. M., 311 Liguori, D. J., 339 Lin, Z. C., 1, 175 Lu, J. 1.,421

653

Luce, T. W., 267

Ma, Z., 41 Maida, Y., 521 Markiewicz, A., 395 Marsh, K. A., 613 Marston, P. L., 579 McDonald, J. F., 339 Mensah, S., 405 Meyyappan, A., 543 Monzyk, J. W., 493 Mueller, R. K., 553

Nagle, D. T., 73 Nakagawa, Y., 307 Nikoonahad, M., 483, 501

Ohigashi, H., 521· Okawai, H., 277 Oravecz, M. G., 105, 535

Padamsee, H., 105 Park, S. B., 49 Parker, K. J., 317 Pate, A. L., 249, 257 Paul, M. H., 329 Pernod, P., 627, 637 Piwakowski, B., 627, 637

Ransom, H. R., 565 Ratnayake, K. B. N., 339 Reid, J. M., 287 Reinholdtsen, P. A., 85 Richard, W. D., 197 Richardson, J. M., 613 Riney, K. L., 105 Robbins, W. P., 553 Roberts, R. A., 535 Rudd, E. P., 553

Sadek, M. M., 147 Saniie, J., 73, 95, 237 Sannomiya, T., 277 Semmens, J. E., 129 Sherar, M. D., 511 Sigwalt, M., 29 Song, T. K., 49 Soufflet, C., 445 Soumekh, M., 383 Suganuma, R., 521 SUiren, W., 621 Sullivan, B. J., 329 Sullivan, D. P., 601

Takahashi, S., 521 Tanaka, M., 277 Tatistcheff, E. M., 119 Tortoli, P., 219 Tricot, J. C., 627, 637 Tuohig, W. D., 137 Turner, C. w., 63

654

Voisset, M., 589

Waag, R. C., 317 Wad a , Y., 521 Wade, G., 307, 543 Wang, T., 95 Wei, Y., 415 Wombell, R. J., 373

Xue, H. L., 415

Yang, G., 493 Yao, Z., 41 Yimei, C., 41 Yu, B. Y., 105, 535 Yu, W., 621

Zhou, Y., 353

SUBJECT INDEX

Acoustic impedance tomography, 406 Acoustic material signature, 554 Acoustic nonlinearity, 307 Acoustic signature, 128 Acoustical holography, 257 Acoustical recognition, 613 Acousto-electric effect, 19, 29 Amplitude-only reconstruction, 228 Annular array, 29, 49, 472 Aperture effects, 267 Asymmetric sampling, 254 Attenuation, 95, 132, 279, 287,

297, 303 Attenuation images, 12 Attenuation tomography, 308 Automated NDT, 105 Axial resolution, 29

B-scan, 1, 49, 63, 330 Back propagation, 249, 269, 373,

536, 544 Backscatter, 9, 95, 237, 297, 329,

445, 512 Backward wave propagation, 339 Baffled piston, 250, 257 Beam steering, 490 Beamforming, 601 Bilinear interpolation, 428 Blood flow, 209, 219 Bond quality, 119, 147 Borehole televiewer, 41 Born approximation, 165, 238, 331,

353, 354, 373, 386, 423

C-scan, Calibration, 471 Cardiac infarct, 277 Catastrophe optics, 579 Caustic surface, 586 Coherent processing, 589 Contrast enhancement, 190 Conversion loss, 525 Coupling, 107 Coupling coefficient, 513, 522 Coverslip, 535 Critical defect, 105, 106

Cross directional polarization, 567 Cusp-caustics, 579 Cylindrical nearfield holography,

267

Dark field, 511, 565 Dead zone, 106 Deblurring, 405, 409 Deconvolution, 175, 190, 409 Defect characterization, 139 Defect detection algorithm, 114 Defect extraction, 112 Delamination, 120, 148 Detection error, 229 Die attach, 119, 129 Die bond, 129 Difference cross-covariance, 332 Difference frequency wave, 307 Differential phase contrast, 501 Diffraction, 50, 383, 421, 457,

471, 503, 536 Diffraction filter, 29 Diffraction projection, 424 Diffraction tomography, 237, 354,

373, 383, 415, 421 Digital filter, 289 Digital focusing, 58 Digital signal processing, 249 Direction finding, 601 Directional differentiation, 565 Directivity patterns, 631 Dispersive delay lines, 221 Distorted wave methods, 374 Doppler angle, 210 Doppler ultrasound, 209, 219, 318 Dual transducer, 212 Dynamic focus, 11, 49 Dynamic stress, 484

Effective aperture, 21 Ensemble averaging, 99 Envelope detection, 446 Equivalent source, 15 Estimation, 601 Euler's equation, 259 Eutectic bonding, 119

655

Evanescent waves, 249, 267

FFT processing system, 342, 350 Filtered backprojections, 405, 415 Finite amplitude acoustic waves,

307 Forward scattered field, 237 Fourier angular spectral

decomposition, 341 Fourier diffraction theorem, 238 Fourier plane interpolation, 373 Fracture interfaces, 142 Frequency compounding, 446

Gamma curve, 190 Geophysics, 621 Graff's addition theorem, 364 Grain boundary scattering, 95 Grain size characterization, 102,

145 Green's function, 33, 228, 238,

250, 353, 602, 623

Heat wave, 493 Helmholtz equation, 16 High resolution beamforming, 601 Histogram hyperbolization, 188 Holographic imaging, 227, 257, 267 Huygens-Green theorem, 33 Huygens numbers equations, 15 Hysteresis loss, 96

Image analysis, 129 Image degradation, 228 Image enhancement, 187 Image processing, 41, 175 Image reconstruction, 227, 339 Imaging algorithms, 353 Impedance reconstruction, 407 Impulse diffraction, 457 Impulse ray modeling, 458 Impulse response, 33, 49 Incoherent insonification, 175 Interferogram, 120, 148, 155 Inverse scattering, 165, 353, 373,

407, 601 Inversion, 15, 190, 621 Iterative weighting updating, 609

Joint strength, 147

Kirchhoff-radiation integral, 457 Knife-edge detector, 535 Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthei (KLM)

transducer model, 513

Lam! coefficient, 624 Lateral resolution, 49, 53 Lead frame, 119 Lens, 566 Lens design, 502

656

Linear beamforming, 601 Linear filter, 178 Linscan imaging system, 198 Lippmann-Schwinger integral, 353 Longitudinal cusp caustic, 579

Material evaluation, 73 Materials characterization, 493,

553 Matrix inversion, 179 Maximum entropy method, 287 Mechanical properties, 553 Metrology, 553 Microelectronic component testing,

129 Microstructure evaluation, 95 Microwave superconductivity, 105 Mini-sparker, 627 Minimum-mean-square-error, 179 Minimum phase filter, 289 Mode conversion, 73, 78 Molding stresses, 119 Moments, 165 Multilayered targets, 73 Multiparameter inversion, 621

NDE, 63 Nearest-neighbor interpolation, 428 Nearfield acoustic holography, 249,

257 Newton-Raphson-like methods, 353 Niobium, 105 Noise, 3, 176, 287, 290, 339, 446,

637 Nomarski objective, 502 Nonlinear parameter imaging, 307 Nonlinearity tomography, 308 Numeric evaluation, 339 Numerical defocusing, 87

Oblique angle scanning, 73 Off-axis transducers, 565 Optically scanned transducer, 63

Parallel processing, 339 Parallel projection, 44 Parametric acoustic array, 307 Paraxial approximation, 165, 167 Partial discrete model, 602 Periodogram approach, 288 Phantoms, 397 Phase cancellation, 19 Phase insensitive detection, 19,

445 Phase noise, 506 Phase only imaging, 227 Phase tomographic reconstruction,

395 Photoacoustic microscopy, 493 Photoacoustic techniques, 483 Point source, 15

Poly(Vinylidene fluoride) trans-ducer, 65, 511, 521, 522

Power spectra, 290, 330 Process monitoring, 137 Production testing, 107

Quantification, 132, 277, 406, 445

Radiation coupling, 29, 457, 472, 479

Radiation force measurements, 19 Radiographic analysis, 120 Radon transform method, 415, 621 Random phase screen, 447 Random phase transducer, 445 Random scattering, 331 Rayleigh criterion, 228 Rayleigh-Sommerfeld formulation,

582 Real-time, 63 Recognition algorithm, 615 Reconstruction algorithms, 395,

405, 415, 421, 536 Reconstruction, amplitude only, 228 Reflex transmission imaging, 1 Region porosity, 44 Reliability, 119 Renormalization, 374 Reverberation, 73 Ricatti equations, 375 Rician noise, 330 Robotics, 613 Rytov approximation, 353, 354, 373,

386

SAM, ~ scanning acoustic microscope

SAw delay line, 555 SAW spectrum analyser, 222 SLA;'1, see scanning laser acoustic

microscope STA~, ~ scanning tomographic

acoustic microscope Sampled delay focusing, 50 Sampling, 249 Sampling depth, 554 Scanning acoustic microscope (SAM),

85, 107, 129, 277, 501, 511, 521, 565

Scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLA~), 105, 107, 119, 129, 137, 147, 506, 535, 543, 553, 555

Scanning tomographic acoustic microscope (STAM), 543

Scattering, 96, 353, 614 Schoch displacement, 568 Second harmonic frequency wave,

307 Seismio aooustio imaging, 627 Seismic echoes, 579

Seismic models, 627 Seismic profile, 635 Seismic prospecting, 637 Shadowgraphs, 537 Shear stress, 214 Shepp-Logan phantom, 418 Side-scan sonar, 589 Sidelobe suppression, 49 Signal parameter estimation, 601 Signal processing, 5 Signal-to-noise ratio, 4 Snell's law, 76 Sono-elasticity, 317 Source cancellation, 15 Spark discharge, 628 Sparsely-sampled arrays, 19 Spatial averaging, 99 Spatial compounding, 446 Spatial filtering, 637 Spatial interpolation, 19 Spatial moments, 19 Speckle, 4, 329, 445 Spectral analysis, 219, 329 Spectral estimation, 445, 605 Spectral shift, 287 Spectral smoothing, 445 Spectroscopic analyses, 277 Spectrum estimation, 227 Statistical differencing, 191 Stereo display, 41 Superconducting niobium, 106 Surface acoustic wave insonifica-

tion, 553 Surface roughness, 85 Surface wave transduction, 559 Surface waves, 554 Surgical ultrasound, 197 Synthetic aperture, 422 Synthetic object function, 384, 386

Text ure, 107 Thermal stresses, 119 Thermal wave, 483 Thermo-acoustic coupling, 484 Time domain averaging, 100 Tissue characterization, 277, 297,

329, 445, 505 Tissue differentiation, 297 Tissue stiffness, 317 Tomographic reconstruction, 307,

405, 421, 543, 544 Tone-burst, 85 Towed acoustic system, 589 Transducer characterization, 471 Transducer response, 471 Transducers, 457, 511, 565, 627 Transducers, electromechanical

properties table, 523 Transient thermoelectric effect, 19 Transmission line model, 279 Transrectal ultrasound, 317

657

'fransverse cusps, 579 Trifluoroethylene, 522 Turbulent blood flow, 214 Two beam lens, 502 Two-dimensional arrays, 20

Ultrasonic computerized tomography, 421

Unified Fourier reconstruction, 391

V(z) inversion, 86 Variance filter, 105, 112 Vector space model, 601 Velocity based nearfield

holography, 257 Velocity profiles, 219, 221 Vertical profiling, 554

Wraparound error, 251

658