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Prof. Antonio R. Delgado Almeida, MD, FACC, FAHA, Distinguished Physiologist APS (Part I)
Seal Univ. of Carabobo
My brief Response to these Q:
1) Family upbringing and how you became interested in science?
I was born in Barcelona, Venezuela, on April 11, 1941, a boy in three children. Our parents were Antonio Delgado, a talented humanistic and business person, who could not go to the School of Medicine, because the sudden death of his father, and dreamed his son could become a good physician. My mother Clara Maria Almeida, Teacher and Deputy Director of the Largest Primary School of our city, was an exquisite pianist, founder of the Music School. Both parents were highly cultured and instilled in us their high appreciation of intellectual pursuit. Indeed at age of 69 and 54, they have their children in Post-Graduate studies in Philadelphia, London and Caracas (1974-76).
My older sister, Clara Estilita was Professor of Biology and Chemistry in High School, Lawyer and Judge after retirement of her educational work. My sister, Ligia Josefina had 2-years at the School of Music, before going to university and became a Lawyer.
I met my wife Nedda Josefina Leon, RN, when working in the Central Hospital of the Joint Force Army Venezuela, and married next year (1964). We have a daughter and two sons, and became a family of doctors: Maria Carolina, MD, Internist, Fellow and Research Faculty, at Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan (1998-2009), now at University of Miami, Department of Medicine (2013-present); Antonio Javier, MD, Internist, Fellow in Hypertension, ACP Fellowship at the University of Michigan, Prof. of Medicine at Angel Larralde University Hospital, Valencia (2003-present), Director, Non-Invasive Central Aortic and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic at Northern Metropolitan Hospital (2005-present); Carlos Luis, MD, Internist, Fellow in Cardiology, Fellowship Award in Echocardiography, Mount Sinai Hospital, Miami (2001,2003), Chief of Cardiology Integrated Medical Unit, University of Carabobo (2007-present), Founder, Venezuela Foundation of Heart Failure, President (2015-2020).
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My interest for Science started at the 2nd year of Medical School, Physiopathology Labs., under the Direction of Prof. Francisco DeVenanzi, future Rector of Central University of Venezuela.
2) Education & Academic Training:
Undergraduate Studies: High School in: “Liceo Dr. Luis Razetti” (3-years), “Liceo Militar Jauregui” (1-year), “Liceo Andres Bello” (1957, BSc). I received my M.D. (1963) and Internal Medicine Degrees (1968) from Central University of Venezuela School of Medicine, Fellow in Critical Care Medicine, at Hahnemann Medical College and Hospitals of Philadelphia (1975) and Fellow in Cardiovascular Research at William Likoff Cardiovascular Institute, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospitals of Philadelphia (1976). ECFMG (Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates) USA 1973 and Educational Faculty Program, University of Carabobo, Venezuela, 1988
3) How did your research area of expertise develop and who were the people who influenced your career?
Probably, pursuit simpler and better explanation for physiology sciences and then pathogenesis factors in diseases. Quoting others, Rita Levi-Montalcini “I don`t believe there would be any science at all without intuition (1986, Nobel in Medicine of Physiology), and historian Daniel Boorstin: “The greatest obstacle to knowledge is not ignorance; it is the illusion of knowledge”. In summary, I believe that "Medicine as a science is particularly complex, but very easy to practice," probably because we don`t have much to add to biology systems that sustain life.
Therefore, successful research was possible only after hard work, intuition and the struggle to replace the old concepts, with the help of notable investigators as follows:
Prof. Perez Guevara, who taught us the Analysis Deductive of ECG by Sodi Pallares (Vector, Gradient Potential, Dipolo, electrophysiology and ion current in the heart), University Hospital of Caracas, Internal Medicine Residence (1966-1968).
Prof. Teruo Matsumoto, Shock and Trauma Unit and Research Laboratory, who taught me the methodology to assess biological functions in critical patients (Hahnemann Medical College 1975), and supported me in Peripheral Venous Resistance in hypovolemic shock in dogs.
Prof. William Likoff and my description of RV Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock in clinical and post-operative bypass surgery (Deborah Heart and Lung Young Investigator Award, 1976).
Prof. Guillermo Wittenbury (Renal Physiology, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, IVIC), who introduced my Conference, in the Workshop Ions and Hypertension, where the Inherited Defect in Hypertension was born (March 02, 1983). See Invited Speakers Photograph.
Prof. Reinaldo Dipolo, Ion Permeability Lab. IVIC, who discovered the Calcium Pump (Nature 1978), and confirmed valid our results on a new method for measuring Ionized calcium by Flame Photometry Emission (1985).
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Prof. Henry JL Marriot, author of the classic Practical Electrocardiography (7th Edition, 1983), who invited me to explain the significance of erythrocyte potassium changes in the alterations of ventricular repolarization of the ECG (International Congress of Cardiology, Miami, 1983).
William J. Oliver, Emeritus Prof of Pediatric, University of Michigan, author of book “Primitive Peoples Without Salt”, as Yanomamo Indians in South forest of Venezuela, who promoted our field researches on RBC/plasma/urine electrolytes, biochemistry, BP in the Yanomamo (2003).
Prof. Rick Johnson, Head Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, who edited and made recommendation in my article Assessing Cell K Physiology in Hypertensive Patients (2006).
Prof. Bertram Pitt, Emeritus Prof. of Medicine and President of University of Michigan Medical School, who with other investigators supported our novel concept of hyperkalemia (2006), and was a confident advisor in our clinical trial of Amiloride HCl Dihydrate in CHD (2008-2012).
Prof. Dale J. Benos, President APS 2007, for his invaluable support to our research on Amiloride effects on enteral salt absorption, who sent me the invitation to become a member of APS.
What has been your most significant contribution to physiology?
The Intracellular Potassium in RBC (Ki), a new clinical concept in physiology and medicine, uncovering the role of red cells in body K homeostasis, including gastric K absorption, plasma K regulation, myocardial or skeletal muscle K content, and renal K excretion.
In addition, Ki Transport and Function (dependent ATP synthesis and release for the regulation of microcapillary blood flow and O2 delivery), and the K, Cl- and H2O binding by deoxyhemoglobin in human venous blood, reversed when blood were exposed to expired gases. This experimental model for O2/CO2 exchanges in the lungs and tissues, exclude the simple diffusion of gases.
However, to other discoveries were intrinsically related to the RBC-K physiology and disorders. One, our description of the Inherited Defect of low RBC-K, in hypertensives and half of their siblings and adolescent offspring, strongly suggested that RBC-K function could be disturbed in hypertensives and normotensive carrying the genetic defect. Second, the novel drug Amiloride HCl Dihydrate improving the inherited defective low RBC-K and its related disturbed functions.
Tell us about your first APS meeting and how it differed from the current meeting?
My first encounter in 2007 was an extraordinary opportunity to learn about the latest advances in physiology and medicine, with little differences in current meetings except for communications.
What role has APS played in your career?
APS has been involved in every physiological advance, and ours are not the exception. In effect, biochemistry in deoxyhemoglobin seems to support the Physical Theory of the Living State, Ling GN
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et al (Ref. 50), and Phase IV of water in the cells, Pollack GN et al (Ref. 66), in Welch GR, Clegg JS. Am J Cell Physiology 2010. From protoplasmic theory to cellular systems biology: 150 years of Reflection.
What advice would you give to students starting out in science today? Please, see in Part II
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Prof. Antonio R. Delgado Almeida (Part II) APS Living History of Physiology Project
Dr. Antonio Delgado-Almeida, in his 50th Anniversary of the Promotion Bicentennial Medical Studies in Venezuela. Aula Magna, UCV, Ciudad Universitaria de Caracas (World Cultural
Heritage, UNESCO 2000). Photo by Fernando Peñalver, June 2013.
Position & Affiliation: Prof. of Medicine, Founder and Director Clinical Research Unit and Ion Transport Research Laboratory, Instituto Docente de Nefrologia y Urologia, University of Carabobo School of Medicine, Valencia 2002, Venezuela.
Languages Spoken: Spanish, English
Specialty in Diseases & Conditions: Prevention and Management of Essential Hypertension and Coronary Heart Diseases, Laboratory Research, and Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Hemodynamics
Research studies to be performed routinely in Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease
1) Ion Transport Research Laboratory (Red-Blood-Cell Potassium Physiology & Disorders)
2) Non Invasive Central Aortic BP and Pulse Waveform (PW) analysis and Cardiovascular Hemodynamics, by DynaPulse 200M Clinical
3) Body Composition Analysis: Total Body Water and Total Body Potassium, Intracellular and Extracellular Water and Potassium fractions, Fat Mass, Fat-Free-Mass, BMR and DEE by Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis, Quantum X.
Note: Research means the complex innovation in these techniques; routinely, the ease of obtaining daily.
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Specific Method Goals and Novel Therapeutic Approach
1) Detection of an Inherited Defects of Low Red-Blood-Cell Potassium (RBC-K) Uptake and Function, recorded in all hypertensive subjects and half of their normotensive siblings and their adolescents offspring: Intermediate Phenotype in Essential Hypertension.
2) Recording abnormal Aortic PW Reflection in Systole period, affecting Left Ventricular function, recorded in all hypertensive subjects, half of their normotensive siblings and offspring and 25% of their grandchildren: Vascular Biomarker in Essential Hypertension.
3) Evaluation of impaired renal water excretion, expressed as 12-hours Nocturnal Polyuria exceeding >850 ml of urinary volume, leading to rapid depletion of total body water and total body potassium in 67% of hypertensive subjects, regardless of their drug treatment: Renal Disorder in Essential Hypertension.
Studies, Methods and Novel Therapeutic were included in this APS document: ”Response to American Physiology Society to identify promising areas of research (2010)”
by Prof. Antonio Delgado-Almeida (See Attachment).
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Clinical examples of advanced research and therapeutics (1992-present)
(1) Ion Transport Research Laboratory and BIA Studies
Footnotes: Ion Transport and BIA studies (Total body potassium, Total body Water and
Intracellular and extracellular water, last three lines) alterations are highlighted in blue
Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado‐Lelievre MC. Basis for a Major Genetic Alteration in Essential
Hypertension: Inherited Defect in RBC‐K Function and Oxygen transport. Circulation. 2013;
128:A18068.
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(2) Non Invasive Central Aortic BP and Pulse Waveform (PW) analysis
Hypertensive Grand Mother (top, 72 years), Normotensive Son (middle, 48 years) and her adolescent Granddaughter (16-years)
Footnotes: Aortic end-systolic BP (black arrows); Aortic PW reflection (blue arrows)
Despite normal central aortic BPs, these subjects have disturbed central aortic morphology and early Central aortic reflection waves affecting systole period and left heart function.
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3) BIA Analysis of Total Body Water and Distribution in Hypertension
Decreased Total Body Water and Homeostasis after Syndrome of Nocturnal Polyuria
Water Homeostasis
*Hypertensives(n=50)
**Dif. vs Control
P Value Normotensives
(n=50) **Dif. vs Control
TBW (L) 30.4 ±4.7 -2.9 ±-3.0 <0.0001 36.4 ±7.5 2.7 ±2.4
ICW (L) 16.6 ±3.5 -2.5 ± -1.7 <0.0001 19.0 ±5.2 0.7 ±1.2
ECW (L) 13.8 ±2.3 -1.2 ± -1.7 <0.005 17.4 ± 3.6 2.0 ±1.7
Urine flow (ml/min)* 1.72 ± 0.5 <0.0001 0.82 ± 0.2
*Impaired Renal Water Concentration (67%)
**Age, Sex, Weight and Height Matched Controls. ICW-ECW (Intracellular and extracellular Water)
Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado‐Lelievre MC. Circulation. 2013; 128:A18068
The Novel Drug Treatment: Amiloride HCl Dihydrate in Hypertension and CHD Clinical Pharmacology: New composition of Amiloride Hydrochloride Dihydrate was analyzed in 2 laboratories (1 Proton MRI, HPLC) and tested in clinical studies since 1998. The drug rapidly enhances intracellular potassium in red-blood-cell (RBC-K), required for several RBC functions, including K-dependent synthesis and release of ATP for the instant capillary vasodilatation in states of low Oxygen tension or low pH, as in ischemic tissues (Ellsworth ML 1995, 2009). Therefore, an increased vasodilatation sharply improve blood circulation and oxygen delivery in the entire capillary bed (98% of the vascular systems), decreasing central aortic BP and systolic PW reflection in hypertension, alleviating angina without recurrence, and reversing ST-T alterations in ischemic ECGs, while inducing electrical regeneration in areas of old infarcts in coronary heart disease (Delgado-Almeida A. Articles, Invited Conferences, Book Chapters, US Patent Application 20090062309.Mar. 5, 2009). How come it can be effective in two different diseases? Simpler, they share a defective capillary vasodilatation in the narrower capillary bed, explaining the slow RBC transit time and reduced blood flow, leading to increase backward blood pressures in hypertensives, while decreasing timely O2 delivery in coronary patients, hypothesis disclosed by Delgado-Almeida A (J Am Coll Cardiol.2014;64:2710-212). Finally, Amiloride Hydrochloride Dihydrate rapidly reduces Nocturnal Polyuria and free-water excretion, restoring Total Body Water and Potassium homeostasis, evidences that the drug should be excluded from Diuretics Chapters.
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Biographical Research Sketch:
Prof. Antonio Delgado-Almeida is Director of the Clinical Research Unit and Ion Transport Research Laboratory, Institute of Nephrology and Urology, University of Carabobo School of Medicine (1998-present), Valencia, Venezuela.
Delgado-Almeida is Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, Fellow of the American Heart Association, Distinguished Physiologist of American Physiological Society, Member of AAAS, Honorary Member from Venezuelan Society of Hypertension, Venezuelan Foundation for Heart Failure and Northern Metropolitan Hospital and other Scientific Societies in Venezuela. Delgado Almeida is on the Advisory Editorial Board of Journal "Recent Advances in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery" formerly "Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery", Reviewer in hypertension, Am J Hypertension, Annals of Int. Medicine, Inter-American Society of Hypertension 2007, Am Coll of Cardiology, ACC14 Congress. He is author of peer-review articles, book chapter, abstracts, scientific presentation, Conferences and Patents Applications: US 20090062309; US 20090274776.
Hospital & Researches Activities:
Delgado-Almeida received his MD (1963) and Internal Medicine (1968) Degrees from Central University of Venezuela. He was appointed Chief of Internal Medicine at MD Adolfo Prince Lara Hospital (1969-1973), and was Founder and Director of the Critical Care Unit and Critical Care Laboratory (1971). In 1973, he received a Scholar Award and moved to Philadelphia, USA, as Fellow in Critical Care Medicine (1975) and Fellow in Cardiovascular Research (1976), at William Likoff Cardiovascular Institute of The Hahnemann Medical College and Hospitals of Philadelphia.
From 1977-1998, Dr. Delgado-Almeida was Head Department of Medicine, at Doctor Adolfo Prince Lara Hospital University Hospital, University of Carabobo School of Medicine.
In 1978, Delgado-Almeida developed a Research Laboratory to evaluate Red-Blood-Cell K (Ki) Physiology and Disorders in critical ill patients and cardiovascular diseases. New methods for routine accurate determination of RBC K-Na (1983), Ionized Calcium (1985) and PO2/CO2/pH in RBC (1987) were introduced, uncovering novel concepts in critical hyperkalemia and hypokalemia. In 1983, the early description of an inherited defect of low RBC-K, unrelated to RBC-Na and Na-ATPase pump, in hypertensives and half of their siblings and adolescent offspring, was presented in the 2nd international congress: Ion and Hypertension, Caracas and IVIC (Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Workshop Methods, March 1, 1983), sponsored by Harvard and Yale Universities, and Central University of Venezuela. In 1986, Delgado-Almeida wrote the first known Thesis “Intracellular Potassium: New Concept on the Clinical Physiology and Disorders of Potassium”.QV277D4533, 1986: 1-71.Health Science Central Library, University of Carabobo (Spanish).
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Since then, Delgado-Almeida was visitor Professor at Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IVIC), in Renal Physiology Lab. (Prof. Guillermo Wittenbury 1987-89), Ion Permeability Lab. (Dr. Reinaldo Dipolo 1989) and Gastro-Intestinal Lab. (Dr. Fabian Michelangeli, 1990-1993) in summer times, and received assistant for novel methods developed in Ion Transport Research Laboratory: the I-131Inulin for measured plasma trapped in 2-ml plastic tube (0.8±0.2 %), lowest in the literature, new accurate method for Ionized calcium (Flame Photometry, 1981) and advisor on studies for an inherited defect in RBC-K in essential hypertension.
Several research projects were designed for early detection of this inherited defect in hypertensive families, while hypotheses were considered to improve such alterations with drugs. Therefore for the next two decades we had been, probably, the only research laboratory evaluating the effects of cardiovascular drugs in this genetic defect of low Ki uptake and function (β-blocker, diuretics, Spironolactone, CCB, and Amiloride generics). The most promising drug was Amiloride HCl Dihydrate, which showed remarkably beneficial effects on central aortic BP and ST-T alteration of LVH or CHD.
In 1997, Prof. Stevo Julius, Director Division of Hypertension at University of Michigan, invited Prof. Delgado-Almeida to explore the genetic bases for the genetic defect in RBC-K, offering a Fellowship for an interested Fellow. In 1998, Dr. Maria Carolina Delgado was selected and moved to the University of Michigan, where a Joint Research began (1998-2008). This decade changed forever our clinical concept of hypertension (Genotypes and Bio-Impedance Analysis from the Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan, and the Intermediate Phenotype, Laboratory Methods and DynaPulse devices from us).These studies were the bases for numerous Awards, Scientific Presentations, Articles, Book Chapters, Inter-Institutional Agreement between University of Michigan-Antonio Delgado-Almeida and USPTO Applications (Biographic Sketch III).
In 1998, Delgado-Almeida was Founder and Director of the Clinical Research Unit and Ion Transport Research Laboratory, at Instituto Docente de Nefrologia y Urologia, University of Carabobo Medical School. The same year, he was founder and CEO of Uninvest, C.A, a company providing financial support for all research in both Unit and Research Laboratory.
In 2000, with the help of Dr. Shin-Shiu Chio he founded the first Non-Invasive Central Aortic & Cardiovascular Hemodynamics Center, in South America, recently recognized at the top level in DynaPulse Technology worldwide, by Dr. Chio Inventor of DP devices. In the same year, Body Composition Analysis (BIA) was also included as a routine study to estimate Fat-Mass, Fat-Free-Mass, Total Body Water and intra-extra cellular spaces and estimation of Total Body K, recently confirmed by direct measures of intracellular K and plasma K in their respective water/ liter content, the first accurate TBK measures available in clinical practice (Hypertension and CVD). These studies were notably important for description of a renal nephropathy in essential hypertension, expressed by large Nocturnal Polyuria, exceeding 1.2 ml/min leading to rapid decreased total and intracellular
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water and K contents. All evidences suggesting the revision and consideration on the common use of diuretic drugs in CVD.
More recently, his laboratory found in vitro evidence of intracellular K [6.3 ±1.1 mmol], Chloride, H2O and O2 binding by deoxyhemoglobin in human RBC (FASEB J. 2012), supporting novel aspects in Cellular System Biology (Welch GR, Clegg. JS, Am J Cell Physiology 2010:150 years of Reflection), while supporting a novel pathogenesis in essential hypertension and coronary heart disease (Antonio Delgado-Almeida. J Am Coll Cardiol.2014; 64:2710-12).
In brief, the genetic defect of low RBC-K, deficient ATP function and disturbed Microvascular blood flow probably account for 1.2 billion hypertensives worldwide, despite drug treatment, dietary advices and life style recommendations (Prof. Mancia G, European Society of Cardiology, 2012).
Postdoctoral Students:
From 1977-1998, Dr. Delgado-Almeida was Head Department of Medicine, at Doctor Adolfo Prince Lara Hospital University Hospital, University of Carabobo School of Medicine, and Director of the Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine Programs. Three years Program was designed as follows: 1-year Internal Medicine Services (Inward), 1-year Internal Medicine and Specialized Consults, including Blood Bank, 1-year Emergency Room and Critical Care Unit. Each year included 2-month obligatory research work at Ion research Laboratory. Despite the absence of no previous experience with Internal Medicine, Critical Care Medicine and Laboratory Research, the simple fact was that it attracted many brilliant physicians who like to enter and take this challenge. Indeed, it was unique and extremely successful. In the years to come, we see our graduate students becoming Research Fellow and Faculty at IVIC, Pasteur Institute, Paris (2); Head of Department of Medicine (5); Director of Critical Care Unit (6); Chief of Cardiology (4), Nephrology Services (2) and Pulmonary Services (3), and Coordinator of Post-doctoral Internal Medicine Program (4) in Venezuela, Mexico and Argentina; one helped to design a critical Care Unit in a N.Y. Hospital.
Thesis Tutor: Internal Medicine, Luis Razetti Medical School Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, 1997, 2004, 2006. Internal Medicine, University of Carabobo Medical School, Venezuela, 1991, 1997; Hypertension Research Fellow, University of Michigan, USA 1998: Nephrology, Central University of Venezuela, 2005. What advice would you give to students starting out in science today? From Part I At times, research includes tricks like this: a) Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia always included dog models (1950-2006), with RBC K/Na content identical to human plasma instead of human RBC; b) when we evaluated RBC ions in human K disorders we found that RBC-K was virtually low in all; c) why different ECGs occur despite cell K depletion in most K disorders? In hyperkalemia, the culprit was abrupt decreased Ionized Ca, IV Ca salts rapidly reverse all ECG alterations (Delgado-Almeida et al. New electrocardiographic concept. Circulation 11/2006; 114(Suppl II):II_466. E-Poster).
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My advice: "If you can believe in everything without trusting in nothing, your mind is well prepared to decipher the complex events of human biology and physiology"
Award and Honors:
1. Antonio Delgado Almeida. Living History of Physiology Web page, APS July 2015 2. Antonio Delgado Almeida, Plaque of Recognition as Faculty and Researcher in
Cardiovascular Diseases and 50 years of medical practice. VIII Venezuelan Congress of Heart Failure, 2014
3. Distinguished Physiologist, American Physiological Society, 2012 4. Fellow, American College of Cardiology 2012 5. Fellow, American Heart Association, 2009 6. Antonio Delgado Almeida, MD. Best Doctors in the World, 2008 7. Antonio Delgado Almeida, MD. Who’s Who in the World, 2007 8. Honorary Member, Venezuelan Society of Hypertension, 2005 9. Honorary Member, Medical Society of North Metropolitan Hospital, Venezuela 2003 10. Excellence Award, University of Carabobo, Venezuela 2004 11. Samuel A. Levine Young Clinical Investigator Award, Co-Author, American Heart
Association, 1998 12. Senior, in Young Woman Award, American Heart Association, Atlanta, 1999 13. Senior, in ASH/Bristol-Myers Squibb Recognition Award, American Society of
Hypertension, New York, 1999 14. Scientific Research Recognition, Council for Scientific and Technological Development
(CODECIT), University of Carabobo, Venezuela 1993 15. XVII Promotion of Physicians and Surgeons “Dr Antonio Delgado Almeida” 1993. Adolfo
Prince Lara University Hospital, University of Carabobo School of Medicine 16. Travel Award International Society of Hypertension, Madrid Spain 1992 17. Alejo Zuloaga First Class Medal, University of Carabobo, Venezuela, 1991 18. Promotion Internal Medicine Graduated “Dr Antonio Delgado Almeida” Dr. Adolfo Prince
Lara, University Hospital, Venezuela, 1991 19. XV Promotion of Physicians and Surgeons “Dr Antonio Delgado Almeida” 1991. Adolfo
Prince Lara University Hospital, University of Carabobo School of Medicine 20. Honor Diploma, Founder Extension School of Medicine, 1986 21. Annual Scientific Prize, Carabobo College of Physician, Valencia, 1981,1984 22. Merit Honor, Dr. Adolfo Prince Lara, University Hospital, 1981 23. Deborah Young Investigator Award, Deborah Hospital Foundation NJ, USA 1976
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24. Scholar Award, three years Fellowship in Critical Care Medicine and Cardiovascular Researches at The William Likoff Cardiovascular Institute of The Hahnemann Medical College and Hospitals of Philadelphia, 1973-1976
Postdoctoral Tutor
1. Clinical Fellow in Hypertension , University of Michigan, Division of Hypertension, 1998 2. Research Fellow in Hypertension, University of Michigan, Division of Hypertension,
1998-2010. 3. Thesis in Internal Medicine, Dr. Luis Razetti Medical School Central University of
Venezuela, Caracas, 1997, 2004, 2006 4. Thesis in Internal Medicine, University of Carabobo Medical School, Venezuela, 1991,
1997 5. Thesis in Nephrology, Dr. Perez Carreño, Central University of Venezuela, 2005
Research Grants and Pharmaceutical Supports
1. National Council of Scientific and Technological Investigation (CONICIT), Caracas, Venezuela, 1992-2001
2. Council of Scientific and Technological Development of the University of Carabobo, Venezuela, 1983,1986, 1992-1996, 1998, 2001
3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Central University of Venezuela, 1994,1995 4. José María Vargas Foundation, Caracas, Venezuela, 1979 5. Council of Scientific and Technological Development, University of Los Andes,
Venezuela, 1976. 6. Pulse Metric, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA, 2000-present 7. RONAVA Products, Caracas, Venezuela, 1996-present 8. Rhone-Poulnec, Caracas, Venezuela, 1992-97 9. Servier Laboratories, Caracas, Venezuela, 1992-2000 10. Científica Industrial de Venezuela, Valencia 1993, 1996 11. Berhens Laboratory, Caracas, Venezuela, 1985-87 12. Calox Laboratory, Caracas, Venezuela, 1992, 1993 13. Equilab, Caracas, Venezuela, 1981-82 14. Palenzona Laboratory Caracas, Venezuela, 1979-83
Scientific Research Consultant
1. Pulse Metric Inc., 2001-present 2. RONAVA Products, 1997-present
Books/Booklets
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1) Delgado-Almeida A. et al. Recent Advances on DynaPulse Technology in Cardiovascular
Diseases. Punto Laser Inc. Valencia, Venezuela, 2011: 1-65. 2) Delgado-Almeida A. et al. SupraSystolic Aortic Waveform Analysis: New Concept on
Hemodynamic of Hypertension. In: Chio SS (Ed). Pulse Dynamics, Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring via Cuff Pulse Waveform Analysis, DynaPulse/Pulse Metric, Inc., San Diego, California.2010; pages:7, 47-49, 60-64, 69-71.
3) Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Abnormal Potassium. In: Mohler III ER, Townsend RR (Eds). Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease. BC Decker Inc. Publisher, Ontario, Canada. 2006, Chapter 35: 291-99.
4) Delgado Almeida A. Intravenous Chlorpromazine Therapy in Hypertensive Crisis. In: Velasco M (Ed). Arterial Hypertension. International Congress Series No. 496. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam-Oxford, Chapter VIII: 276-9. 1979
5) Delgado-Almeida, Antonio Intracellular Potassium: New Concept on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Potassium. QV277D4533, 1986: 1-71 pages. Research Thesis. University of Carabobo Health Science Central Library (Spanish).
6) Booklet for Internal Medicine Residence at MD Prince Lara Hospital: Delgado-Almeida, Antonio. Novel Approach to the Diagnosis in Internal Medicine. 1985:1-27 pages (Spanish). Adolfo Prince Lara Hospital, Valencia, Venezuela.
Recent Publications in Hypertension and Coronary Heart Diseases
www.researchgate.net/profile/Antonio_Delgado-Almeida/reputation/?ev=prf_rep_header
1. Delgado-Almeida A. Beta-blockers for angina: time to reassess the specific impact of drug therapy in coronary heart disease patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Dec 23; 64):2710-12.
2. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Lelievre MC. Basis for a Major Genetic Alteration in Essential Hypertension: Inherited Defect in RBC-K Function and Oxygen transport. Circulation. 2013; 128:A18068 (E-Poster, invited publication J of Clinical Hypertens).
3. Delgado-Almeida A. Inherited defect in RB-K Function and Oxygen Transport: Time to Reassess the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Coronary Heart Diseases. Book: 10th International Congress on Coronary Artery Disease, (Eds) Lewis BS, Borer JS, Flugelman MY, Halon DA, Medimond Publisher, Florence, Italy, 2013; 155-159.
4. Delgado-Almeida A. Introduction to DynaPulse Technology in Clinical Practice: From Riva-Rocci Concept to the Noninvasive Central Aortic and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic. Video sharing by India Web Page News, June 25/2013:
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http://www.firstpost.com/topic/disease/high-blood-pressure-introduction-to-dynapulse-technology-in-clinical-practice-b-video-PdPUOKgh7io-73764-7.html
5. Delgado-Almeida A. Hemoglobin A1c: Hemoglobin Risk Factor or Biomarker of Erythrocyte Function. Replies to Hemoglobin A1C Is Associated with Increased Risk of Incident Coronary Heart Disease among Apparently Healthy, Non diabetic Men and Women. J Am Heart Assoc.2013; 2: e000077. J Am Heart Assoc. June 11, 2013. http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/2/2/e000077.full/reply#ahaoa_el_514
6. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado MC. Low Potassium Intake or Impaired Cell Potassium Uptake. British Medical Journal, April 23, 2013. E-Letter BMJ. URL: http://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f1378/rr/642367
7. Delgado-Almeida A. Introduction to DynaPulse Technology in Clinical Practice: From Riva-Rocci Concept to the Noninvasive Central Aortic and Cardiovascular Hemodynamic. Video Conference, DynaPulse Channel YouTube. Com; February 06, 2013. URL YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdPUOKgh7io
8. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado-León AJ. Improving RBC K Transport and Hemoglobin O2-binding by Amiloride: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Reversion of Angina and Myocardial Ischemia in Coronary Artery Diseases. Recent Pat on Cardiovasc Drug Discov. Dec.1, 2012; 7(3):221-235. http://www.eurekaselect.com/104441/article
9. Delgado-Almeida A. Intracellular Potassium or Intramolecular Potassium-binding and Dependent Function. TM's 2nd world drug discovery online conference. October 16-18, 2012.
10. Delgado-Almeida A. From Bohr Effect to the Electrical Regeneration of the Heart (Abstract) FASEB J. March 29, 2012; 26:1126.7 Experimental Biology2012.
11. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado-León A. RBC K and Hemoglobin-O2 Binding: a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Reversion of Angina and Electrical Regeneration of the Heart. In: Coronary Artery Disease: Update 2011. Lewis BS, Flugelman MY, Halon DA (2nd Edition), Medimond, Venice, Italy, 2011; 475-80.
12. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado-León A (Eds). Recent Advances on DynaPulse Technology in Cardiovascular Diseases. Punto Laser Co. Valencia, Venezuela. 2011:1-58.
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13. Delgado-Almeida A. Erythrocyte K transport and hemoglobin-oxygen binding: a novel drug discovery for reversion of angina, ST-T alterations and the electrical regeneration of the heart in CHD. TM's 1st world drug discovery online conference. October 20-22, 2011.
14. Delgado-Almeida A. Improving Red Blood Cell K-Uptake and Its Impact on O2/CO2 Exchange, and NO-Generation in Microvascular CHD: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Recent Patent on Cardiovasc. Drug Discovery.2010:5:227-238.
15. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado-Leon A. Improving RBC K Uptake and Its Impact on Myocardial Ischemia and Electrical Regeneration of the Heart: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. In: New Therapies for Angina, AHA Scientific Sessions, Nov. 2010, Circulation.2010;122: A15761.
16. Delgado-Almeida A. et al. Supra-Systolic Aortic Waveform Analysis: New Concept on Hemodynamic of Hypertension. In: Chio SS (Ed). Pulse Dynamics, Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring via Cuff Pulse Waveform Analysis, DynaPulse/Pulse Metric, Inc., San Diego, California.2010; pages:7, 47-49, 60-64, 69-71.
17. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado MC. Hereditable Defect in Red-Blood-Cell K in Hypertension. FASEB J. 2008; 22:968.8. Experimental Biology 2008.
18. Delgado-Almeida A. Assessing Cell K Physiology in Hypertensive Patients: A New Clinical and Methodological Approach. Am J Hypertension. 2006; 19: 432-436.
19. Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Abnormal Potassium. In: Mohler III ER, Townsend RR (Eds). Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease. BC Decker Inc. Publisher, Ontario, Canada.2006, Chapter 35: 291-99.
20. Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Inherence of Decreased Erythrocyte Potassium Content in Essential Hypertension: A Proposal for a New Candidate Intermediate Phenotype in essential Hypertension. Samuel A Levine Young Investigator Award. Circulation (Suppl).1998; 98, IL.
21. Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Red blood cell K+ could be a marker of K+ changes in
another cells involved in blood pressure regulation. J Human Hypertens.2003; 17: 313-318.
22. Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Red blood cell potassium and blood pressure in adolescents: A mixture analysis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis.2002; 12:112-16.
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23. Delgado MC, Weder AB. The red blood cell (RBC) arginine-nitric oxide pathway may be related to the phenoptypic expression of low RBC potassium in hypertensives. Am J Hypertension. 2004;17:9A.
24. Delgado MC, Weder AB. Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism in the Promoter Region is Associated with Erythrocyte K Content, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass Index (abstract). Circulation.2006;114:II_536.
25. Delgado AJ, Delgado MC, Delgado-Almeida A. Travel Time of Reflected Waves: Gender
differences independently of age, height and weight. Am J Hypertens.2003; 16:139A.
26. Delgado AJ, Delgado MC, Weder AB. Total Body Potassium on systemic and local arterial stiffness: Its role on gender-related differences in arterial stiffness. Am J Hypertens. 2004; 17:76A.
27. Delgado-Almeida A. Unexpected therapeutic response to spironolactone: prospective debate on aldosterone and potassium ion in hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;50; e165-e164.
28. Delgado-Almeida A, Schneider MP, Schmieder RE, and Fagard RH on behalf of the Syst-Eur investigators. Critical Value of the Electrocardiogram in LVH: From Predictive Index to Therapeutic Reassessment. Hypertension. 2005; 45:e6-e7.
29. Delgado-Almeida A, Aviv A, Hollenberg NK and Weder A. Reinterpreting sodium-potassium data in salt-sensitivity hypertension: a prospective debate. Hypertension. 2005.45(2):e4-e5.
30. Delgado-Almeida, Antonio Intracellular Potassium: New Concept on the Physiology and Pathophysiology of Potassium. QV277D4533, 1986:1-71 pages. Research Thesis. University of Carabobo. University of Carabobo Health Science Central Library (Spanish).
31. Delgado Almeida A. Red Blood Cell Potassium Disorder in Essential Hypertension. International Symposium Ion Transport and Hypertension, Caracas Feb 29-March 2, 1983: Ion Transport Workshop, IVIC, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, March 2nd, 1983.
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33. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Leon A, Celis S. Dysrrhythmia and ECG Changes in severe Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia: Dependency on Plasma Ionized Calcium (ICa) and Red Blood Cell Potassium (Ki) Content. Critical Care Medicine. 2002;30:A76.
34. Delgado-Almeida A. Back to the basic: measuring QRS voltage-interval in left ventricular
hypertrophy. Hypertension. 2004;44(6):e13. 35. Delgado AJ, Celis SI, Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Almeida A. Acute Effects of AT1
Receptor Blocker on the Systemic, Regional and Local Arterial Stiffness. Am J Hypertension. 2003; 16:A139.
36. Antonio J. Delgado, Carlos L. Delgado-Leon and Antonio R. Delgado-Almeida
Hemodynamic difference among AT1 receptor blocker in arterial hypertension: Results with valsartan and telmisartan. Am J Hypertension.2002; Volume 15, Suppl 1:A72.
37. Antonio J. Delgado, Antonio R. Delgado-Almeida, Susana I. Celis et al. AT1 receptor
blocker and diuretics in the treatment of arterial hypertension: hemodynamic differences. Am J Hypertension.2002; Volume 15, Suppl 1:A72.
38. Antonio J. Delgado, Carlos L. Delgado-León, Susana I. Celis, Antonio R. Delgado-
Almeida. Left ventricular myocardial function and vascular parameters in hypertensives patients treated with valsartan. American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 15, Issue 4, Supplement 1, April 2002, Page A72.
39. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon A, Delgado-Leon AJ, Celis S. SupraSystolic arterial
pulse waveform analysis: new hemodynamic parameter for hypertension. Am J Hypertension. 2002;15:A73.
40. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon AJ, Delgado-Leon C, Celis S. Systolic time interval
and ejection fraction in hypertension: the arterial pulse waveform and ECG/Phono recording vs M-mode & 2D echocardiogram. Am J Hypertension. 2002;15:A73.
41. Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Leon A, Celis S. Dysrrhythmia and ECG
Changes in severe Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia: Dependency on Plasma Ionized Calcium (ICa) and Red Blood Cell Potassium (Ki) Content. Critical Care Medicine. 2002;30:A76.
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42. Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Almeida A, Delgado-Leon AJ. Hemodynamic characterization of systolic hypertension: new findings on CV parameters. Am J Hypertension. 2001; 14: A 127.
43. Antonio J. Delgado, Antonio Delgado-Almeida, Susana I. Celis, Carlos L. Delgado-Leon.
Improved LV function, systemic vascular and brachial artery parameters in hypertension: the Venezuelan Telmisartan study. Am Journal of Hypertension, Volume 14, Issue 4, Supplement 1, April 2001, Page A127.
44. Antonio J. Delgado, Antonio Delgado-Almeida, Susana I. Celis, Carlos L. Delgado-Leon.
Assessment of systemic vascular parameter and brachial artery function in hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension, Volume 14, Issue 4, Supplement 1, A128.
45. Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Leon AJ, Delgado-Almeida A. Enteral NaCl absorption in
normotensive subjects. Am J Hypertension. 2000; 13: S156-S157. 46. Delgado-Leon AJ, Delgado MC, Delgado-Leon C, Delgado-Almeida A. Major genetic
alteration in hypertension: Epidemiological basis. Am J Hypertension. 2000; 13:S267.
Note: There are over 125 publications in abstracts, articles, book chapter and Thesis in the preceding years (1968-2000).
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Biographic Sketch Part III (Joint Research Studies)
Clinical Research Unit and Ion Transport Laboratory, Valencia, Venezuela - University of Michigan, Division of Hypertension, USA (GenNet FBBP, NIH
Family Blood Pressure Program, 1998-2010)
University of Michigan, Division of Hypertension
1) Maria Carolina Delgado, Adjunct Faculty, Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan (2008‐2010).
2) Maria Carolina Delgado, Research Faculty, Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan (2000‐2008).
3) Prof. Antonio Delgado‐Almeida Scientific Advisor, Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan (1998‐2000).
4) Inter‐Institutional Agreement. University of Michigan – Antonio Delgado Almeida. May 14, 2008, No. 3345. PCI/US 2007/10455. Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving aberrant erythrocyte potassium.
5) Inter‐Institutional Agreement. University of Michigan – Antonio Delgado Almeida. May 14, 2008, No. 3724. US 60/961,898. Methods for treating heart failure in hypertensive patients.
6) Maria Carolina Delgado, Antonio Delgado Almeida. Methods for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions involving aberrant erythrocyte potassium. Published 11‐05‐2009; US20090274776.
7) Maria Carolina Delgado. Method for the diagnosis and treatment of salt sensitivity and related conditions. (WO/2008/089333).
8) Maria Carolina Delgado. Compositions and methods for preserving red blood cells. (WO/2008/089337).
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9) Antonio Delgado Almeida. Therapeutic compositions for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and methods for use therefor. US 12/231,076 A1 2008. Publication number US20090062309.
10) Pietrzak M, Meyerhoff ME. Determination of potassium in red blood cells using unmeasured volumes of whole blood and combined sodium/potassium‐selective membrane electrode measurements. Anal Chem.2009 Jul 15;81(14):5961‐5965. Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan.
Awards
11) Delgado MC, Delgado‐Almeida A. Samuel A. Levine Young Clinical Investigator Award, American Heart Association, Dallas, 1998. Sessions Awards and Named Lecturers at the American Heart Association 71st Scientific. Douglas L. Mann. Circulation. 1999;99;2492‐2495.
12) Delgado MC, Weder AB, Delgado‐Almeida A. Defective Potassium Channel Activation by NaF in Hypertension. AHA Woman Award. Circulation.1999; Suppl.1, 1‐224.
13) Delgado MC, Delgado‐Almeida A. ASH/Bristol‐Myers Squibb Recognition Award, American Society of Hypertension, New York, 1999.
14) Delgado MC. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints Trainee Award, Advancing Clinical Research and Applications, NIH and NFA. 1999.
15) Delgado‐Leon AJ. Insulin Resistance and ACE‐I Gene Polymorphism in Afro‐Venezuelan Hypertensive Patients. Merck Sharp & Dohme Young Investigator Award. Inter‐American Society of Hypertension, 1999.
16) Delgado‐Leon AJ. Anthropometric Evaluation and its Correlation with Blood Pressure: A Study in Afro‐Venezuelan Populations. Travel Award, American Society of Hypertension. 1999.
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17) Delgado MC. Internal Medicine Research Symposium Best Abstract, University of Michigan 2001.
18) Delgado MC. Investigator Award. Venezuela Society of Cardiology, 2001
19) Delgado‐Leon AJ. International Fellowship Exchange Program: American College of Physicians‐American Society of Internal Medicine. Non Invasive Aortic and CV Hemodynamic by DynaPulse Technology, GenNet FBBP, University of Michigan, Division of Hypertension, 2002.
20) Delgado CL. Role of the intracellular potassium on the cardiovascular response in young subjects during isometric exercise. Travel Award, Latin American Society of Hypertension. 2000.
21) Delgado Cl. Echocardiography Fellowship. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami. Merck Sharp and Dohme, October 2001.
22) Delgado Cl. Cardiology Update Program. Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami. Merck Sharp and Dohme, October 2003
Book Chapters
23) Delgado MC, Delgado‐Almeida A. Abnormal Potassium. In: Mohler III ER, Townsend RR (Eds). Advanced Therapy in Hypertension and Vascular Disease. BC Decker Inc. Publisher, Ontario, Canada. 2006, Chapter 35: 291‐99.
24) Delgado C, Weder A. Pathophysiology of hypertension. Chapter 3. In: Hypertension: A Companion to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, Second Edition. Eds. Oparil S, Weber M. WB Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 2004.
25) Delgado MC, Weder AB, Pathophysiology of Hypertension, Chapter 3. In: Oparil‐Weber. Hypertension. A Companion to Brenner and Rector’s The Kidney. WB Saunders Company. St Luis, 2000.
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26) Delgado C, Weder AB: Functional significance of renal arterial occlusive lesion. In: Ernst CB, Stanley JC (Eds): Current Therapy in Vascular Surgery, 4th Edit., (Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Co.), 720‐722, 2000.
Featured Articles and Abstracts
27) Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado‐Leon A. Improving RBC K Uptake and Its Impact on Myocardial Ischemia and Electrical Regeneration of the Heart: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. In: New Therapies for Angina. Circulation.2010. Circulation. 2010;122:A15761
28) Delgado‐Almeida A. Improving Red Blood Cell K‐Uptake and Its Impact on O2/CO2 Exchange, and NO‐Generation in Microvascular CHD: A Novel Therapeutic Approach. Recent Patent on Cardiovasc. Drug Discovery.2010:5:227‐238.
29) Gleiberman L, Greenwood TA, Luke A, Delgado MC, Weder, AB. Anger Types: Heritability and Relation to Blood Pressure, Body Mass Index, and Left Ventricular Mass. J Clin Hypertension.2008:10(9):700‐706.
30) Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado MC. Hereditable Defect in Red‐Blood‐Cell K in Hypertension. FASEB J. 2008;22:968.8. Experimental Biology 2008. San Diego, CA.
31) Delgado‐Almeida A. Unexpected therapeutic response to Spironolactone: Prospective debate on aldosterone and potassium ion in hypertension. Hypertension.2007;50: e165‐e164.
32) Delgado MC, Arnett DK, Weder AB. The WW domain binding protein 1: Potential gene contributing to arterial stiffness in hypertensives. Circulation.2007;116 (16):558 Suppl 1.
33) Delgado‐Almeida A. Assessing Cell K Physiology in Hypertensive Patients: New Clinical and Methodological Approach. Am J Hypertension.2006;19:432‐436.
34) Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado MC, Weder AB. Total body potassium (TBK) on the systemic and local arterial stiffness. J Hypertension.2006; 24:170.Suppl.6.
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35) Delgado‐Leon AJ. Travel time of the forward arterial pulse pressure wave (ΔTp): an independent predictive factor in hemodynamic assessment of essential hypertension. J Clin Hypertension.2006; 8(5): A11, Suppl A.
36) Delgado-Leon AJ. Arterial stiffness in young normotensive students: differences between hypertensive and normotensive offspring. J Clin Hypertension.2006; 8(5): A12, Suppl A.
37) Delgado MC, Weder AB. Angiotensinogen Gene Polymorphism in the Promoter Region is Associated with Erythrocyte K content, Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure and LV Ventricular Mass Index. Circulation. 2006; 114 II‐536.
38) Delgado‐Almeida A, Schneider MP, Schmieder RE, and Fagard RH on behalf of the Syst‐Eur investigators. Critical Value of the Electrocardiogram in LVH: From Predictive Index to Therapeutic Reassessment. Hypertension.2005; 45:e6‐e7.
39) Delgado‐Almeida A, Aviv A, Hollenberg NK and Weder A. Reinterpreting sodium‐potassium data in salt‐sensitivity hypertension: a prospective debate. Hypertension. 2005;45(2):e4‐e5.
40) Delgado MC, Weder AB. Role of the Angiotensinogen polymorphism M235T on blood pressure changes after six years of follow‐up: The GenNet Family Blood Pressure Program. Am J Hypertension.2005; 18(5):80A.Part 2 Suppl.
41) Delgado MC. Potassium in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2004. 6(1):31‐5.
42) Delgado MC, Weder AB. An alpha‐adducin gene polymorphism predicts six‐year change in systolic blood pressure: GenNet Family Blood Pressure Program. Am J Hypertension.2005; 18(5):80A. Part 2 Suppl.
43) Delgado MC, Weder AB. The red blood cell (RBC) argenine‐nitric oxide pathway may be related to the phenotypic expression of low RBC potassium in hypertensives. Am J Hypertension.2004; 17(5):9A.OR18, Part 2 May 2004.
44) Delgado AJ, Delgado CL. Acute effect of atAT1 receptor blocker telmisartan on arterial stiffness and left ventricular function in hypertension. Am J Hypertension. 2004;17 (5):193.
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45) Delgado AJ, Delgado MC, Weder AB. Total body potassium (TBK) on systemic and local arterial stiffness (AS): Its role on gender‐related differences in arterial stiffness. Am J Hypertension.2004;17(5):175A, Part 2.
46) Delgado, MC; Weder, A. Low red blood cell potassium is related to higher blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and to the Gly allele of the alpha‐adducin gene. Am J Hypertension.2004; 17(5):9A.OR18, Part 2.
47) Delgado AJ, Celis SI, Delgado‐Leon C, Delgado‐Almeida A. Acute Effects of AT1 Receptor Blocker on the Systemic, Regional and Local Arterial Stiffness. Am J Hypertension. 2003; 16:A139.
48) Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado‐Almeida A, Celis SI, Delgado Cl. Travel Time of the Reflected Wave: Gender Differences Independently of Age, Height or Weigh. Am J Hypertension. 2003; 16:A139.
49) Delgado AJ, Delgado‐Leon CL, Delgado‐Almeida A. Hemodynamic difference among AT1 receptor blocker in arterial hypertension: Results with valsartan and telmisartan. Am J Hypertension. 2002; 15: Issue 4, Supplement 1, A72.
50) Antonio J. Delgado, Antonio R. Delgado‐Almeida, Susana I. Celis. AT1 receptor blocker and diuretics in the treatment of arterial hypertension: hemodynamic differences. Am J Hypertension.2002; 15:A72, Issue 4, Supplement 1.
51) Delgado AJ, Delgado‐Leon CL, Celis SI, Delgado‐Almeida A. Left ventricular myocardial function and vascular parameters in hypertensives patients treated with valsartan Am J Hypertension. 2002; 15:A72, Issue 4, Supplement 1.
52) Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado CL, Delgado‐Leon AJ, Celis S. SupraSystolic arterial pulse waveform analysis: new hemodynamic parameter for hypertension. Am J Hypertension. 2002; 15:A73.
53) Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado‐Leon C, Celis S. Systolic time interval and ejection fraction in hypertension: the arterial pulse waveform and ECG/Phono recording vs M‐mode & 2D echocardiogram. Am J Hypertension.2002; 15:A73.
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54) Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado MC, Delgado‐Leon C, Celis S. Assessment of potassium metabolism and vascular function in essential hypertension. Circulation.2002;106:II‐384.
55) Delgado‐Leon C, Delgado‐Almeida A, Delgado‐Leon AJ. Hemodynamic characterization of Systolic Hypertension: new findings on CV parameters. Am J Hypertension. 2001;14:A127.
56) Delgado AJ, Delgado‐Almeida A, Celis SI, Delgado CL. Improved LV function, systemic vascular and brachial artery parameters in hypertension: Venezuelan Telmisartan study. Am Journal of Hypertension.2001; 14:127, Issue 4, Supplement 1.
57) Delgado AJ, Delgado‐Almeida A, Celis SI, Delgado Cl. Assessment of systemic vascular parameter and brachial artery function in hypertension. American Journal of Hypertension.2001; 14:A128, Issue 4, Supplement 1.
58) Delgado‐Leon C, Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado‐Almeida A. Enteral NaCl absorption in normotensive subjects. Am J Hypertension. 2000; 13: S156‐S157.
59) Delgado‐Leon AJ, Delgado MC, Delgado CL, Delgado‐Almeida A. Major genetic alteration in hypertension: Epidemiological basis. Am J Hypertension.2000;13:S267.
60) Farías R, Delgado AJ, Palacio R, Mago V, Cermefio J, Bredy R, Fragachan F. Insulin resistance in hypertensive Afro‐Venezuelan subjects. Am J Hypertension.1999;12:1011 No, 4, Part 2.
