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Prof. Alaric Naudé EdD PhD
노디아앨러릭교수
Brain Lecture 2
Structure of Brain
In this Lesson:
Anatomical FunctionsBrain Anatomy
Describe the function of brain regions
Describe the brain anatomy
Brain Regions
Cerebrum
Occipital
Temporal Parietal
Frontal
Parts of the Cerebrum
Parts of the Cerebellum
Parts of the Brain Stem
Grey Matter & White Matter
Grey matter = neuron cell body
White matter = axons, oligodendrocytes , astrocytes etc.
White matter is a crucial part of determining intelligence
(IQ)
QUESTION: Who are more intelligent, men or women?
Male and Female IQMale : 1,370 grams Female: 1,200 grams
• Females have “relative to cerebrum size, greater cortical grey matter volume, larger volumes of regions associated with language functions (e.g. Broca's area) (...) and white matter involved in interhemispheric connectivity.”
• “The number of neurons per unit volume, in the planum temporal, was also greater in women than men”.
• Compared to women, men have been found to have larger volumes, relative to cerebrum size, or differences in neuronal densities in other limbic and paralimbic regions
• ANSWER: Average male and female IQ is the same. Males, on average, excel on some factors; females on others.
IQ Distribution
Female Brain VS Male Brain
Resting Brain Activity
M & F Instincts
• Men take a more fact-based approach to their environment, often scanning for threats and challenges.
• Women tend to take a more intuitive approach because they perceive people and events more deeply and with greater memory capacity.
Other Instincts
Male: Convergent thinking. Define and clarify the problem and begin by eliminating and isolating issues.
1Female: define in broader terms and examine a wider array of potential factors before going into solution mode.
2Women want to talk out problems
3Men want to start solving right away
4
Non-Convergent VS Convergent Thinking
Naudé’s Dimorphic Relational Symbiosis Model
Sex differences in brain
• Female Prefrontal Cortex develops at an earlier age than males.
• Take less risks than males at when young.
• Females have larger Prefrontal Cortex – detail detection
• Males have larger Amygdala – threat detection
Corpus Callosum
• Interhemispheric connection 25% larger in females
• Males think in straight lines
• Females think in webs
• Males : good at focusing, getting rid of extraneous data, and pushing full steam ahead.
• Females : good at holistic thinking, contextualizing ideas, drawing new connections and identifying new factors.
Brain Hormones• Oxytocin- social
attachment hormone
• Females : Increases with pleasant conversation, decreases when ignored or abandoned.
• Males: Oxytocin must remain balanced. Too much oxytocin in males will decrease testosterone and increase stress.
BibliographyNaude, Alaric (2019) “Introduction to Mammalian and Human Dimorphism: A Biological Approach
to Understanding True Masculinity and Femininity” - New Male Studies - An International Journal
(AIMHS- Australian Institute of Male Health & Studies)
Johnson, W; Bouchard Jr., Thomas J. (2005-07-01). "The structure of human intelligence: It is
verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized". Intelligence. 33 (4): 393–
416. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.12.002.
Jensen, A.R. (1980). “Bias in mental testing.” New York: Free Press.
Jensen, A. R., & Reynolds, C. R. (1983), Sex differences on the WISC-R. Personality and
Individual Differences, 4, 223-226.
Lynn, R., & Irwing, P. (2004). “Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis.”
Intelligence, 32(5), 481-498
Thank You
END OF LECTURE
Please contact me if you have any questions.