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Production Enhancement Technologies for Shale, Tight Sand,

and Coal Plays9th US-China Oil and Gas Industry Forum

Sept 27-29, 2009

Jim McGowenSenior Technical Advisor

Adelaide, Australia

Present Completion Strategies• Shales or Tight Sands

– Multi-Stage Fracturing in Vertical or Horizontal Wells

• Coals– Horizontal Wells without Stimulation (single seams)– Under-Reaming/Cavitation in Vertical Wells (> 10 md)– Multi-Stage Fracturing in Vertical Wells

Critical Technology Items• Reservoir Quality Identification

– Limitations of Logging & Lack of Pre-Frac Flow Tests– Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests– Fracturing Sweat Spot Identification

• Drilling Technology for Horizontals

• Hydraulic Fracturing Technology– Multi-staging Methods– Fracture Mapping

Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests

• To Determine– Formation KH– Reservoir Pressure– In-Situ Stress

• Very Useful in low Perm where obtaining KH Data is Difficult

Job Data

9/08/200414:50 15:00 15:10 15:20

9/08/200415:30

Time

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

11000A

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16B

(ISIP = 8784)

Corrected Actual BH Pres (psi)Slurry Rate (bpm)

AB

321

1

2

3

Start

Shut In

Stop

Time14:48:56

14:55:44

15:37:17

CABP9049

8889

5518

SR4.600

0.744

0.000

H A L L IB U R T O NStimWin v4.8.216-May-07 18:06

ACA - Cartesian Pseudoradial

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

Radial Flow Time Function

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

8000

(m = 14339)

Calc'd BH Pressure (psi)

ResultsReservoir Pressure = 4161.68 psiTransmissibility, kh/µ = 135.08501 md*ft/cpkh = 3.38177 md*ftPermeability, k = 0.0217 mdStart of Pseudo Radial Time = 1.81 hours1

Analysis Events

1 Start of Pseudoradial FlowRFTF0.10

CBP5489

H A L L IB U R T O NStimWin v4.8.216-May-07 17:14

Mapping of Frac Pressures100 km100 km

++

Low Stress Sweat Spot

Fracture Mapping using Micro Seismic & Tiltmeter Technology

Multi-Staging using Coil Tubing –Shallow Wells

• Perforate all Zones First• Straddle Packer System• Frac down Coil (2 7/8”)

Multi-Staging using Coil Tubing in Deep Wells

• 1 3/4” Coil Used to Jet Perforations• Frac done in Casing-Coil Annulus • Isolation using Sand Plugs• Applicable for Verticals & Horizontals

Multi-Staging Horizontal Completion using Swell Packers and Sleeves

• Balls can be used to shift Sleeves, allowing rapid frac operations.

Multi-Staging with SIMOPS• Concurrent Operations on

Multiple Wells on a Pad• Coil/Wireline/Frac/Drilling• Planning is Essential

Questions?