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HUB SELECTION & LOS SURVEY
PROCESS OVERVIEW WITH SAMPLE GRAPHICS
HN TELECOM CONSULTANTS AND PROJECT MANAGERS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION AND LOS SURVEY PROCESSOVERVIEW
SECTION 2. HUB SELECTION REPORT WITH SAMPLE
CONTENTS
SECTION 3. PRELIMINARY SURVEY REPORT WITHSAMPLE CONTENTS
SECTION 4. LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT WITH
SAMPLE CONTENTS
SECTION 5. HN TELECOM LOS VIEWER AND SAMPLEDATABASE IMAGES
SECTION 6. SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND BENEFITS OFTHE HN TELECOM METHODOLOGY
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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION AND LOS SURVEYPROCESS OVERVIEW
Introduction
LOS Survey Process Overview Hub Selection
Field Survey
LOS Analysis
The HN LOS Viewer
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HN Telecom (HN) has developed photogrammetric survey technology thatsatisfies he demanding line-of-sight (LOS) requirements of BroadbandWireless Access (BWA) systems.
This innovative technology blends traditional microwave path surveytechniques with photography and proprietary GIS software. The result is a
survey methodology that provides BWA system operators the benefits ofaccurate LOS determinations at substantial cost savings. The process isflexible, and can be adapted to meet the specific requirements of the WirelessCarrier.
This presentation provides an overview of the HN TelecomPhotogrammetric Survey process, and includes sample contents and
graphics excerpted from actual HN reports.
INTRODUCTION
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HN uses aerial photography and a high resolution stereoscope to selectcandidate hub buildings.
An aerial photo Hub Selection Report is prepared for each city.
It consists of:
a) A city map showing the proposed service areas;
b) A street map locating the primary and alternate candidate hubbuildings;
c) An aerial photo showing the selected building locations;
d) A summary table giving the street location, approximate numberof floors and aerial photo reference for each candidate building.
The Hub Selection Report gives Wireless Carriers the information theyneed to properly assess the coverage (and therefore revenue) potential ofcandidate hubs.
OVERVIEW: HUB SELECTION
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OVERVIEW: FIELD SURVEY
Once a list of candidate hub buildings has been established, the next step is identify thetwo best candidate buildings for each hub. HN staff travel to the city, and survey theroofs of the short-listed buildings to confirm engineering suitability and take horizonphotos from the proposed antenna locations.
In just a few hours, with only one trip to the roof, ALL THE DATA REQUIREDTO UNDERTAKE A COMPLETE LOS ANALYSIS AND DEPLOY THE LAST
MILE IS GATHERED.
HN prepares a Preliminary Survey Report for each surveyed building consisting of:
a) Photos of building and rooftop details;
b) The 28mm lens horizon photos for each hub surveyed;
c) A location and preliminary shadow map for each candidate hub showingblockage sectors caused by buildings, hills, etc.
The Preliminary Survey Report assists the Wireless Carrier with leasing hub buildingsthat offer the best LOS visibility characteristics.
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OVERVIEW: LOS COVERAGE ANALYSIS
For those buildings that are to be leased by the Wireless Carrierimplemented as hubs, HN undertakes a detailed coverage analysis using thedata collected in the field survey.
HN prepares a Coverage Study Report consisting of two printed volumes (11 x17 format), plus a soft-copy on CD containing the LOS building database,
additional GIS data, and the HN LOS Viewersoftware.
Volume I consists of:
a) Photos of the hub building taken from street level, rooftop details and adimensioned sketch showing the proposed antenna locations, groundelevation and building height;
b) Scanned images of 28mm horizon photos with an angular grid, i.e., lines
of constant azimuth referenced to North and lines of constant angularelevation referenced to the horizontal plane through the camera;
c) All horizon photos mounted in a continuous format taken from theproposed antenna locations, with azimuth bearing markers referenced toNorth.
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Volume II consists of:
a) A detailed shadow map prepared on an orthophoto showingareas where LOS visibility is blocked by buildings, etc.;
b) An index sheet to the LOS coverage maps, prepared as anoverlay on the orthophoto;
c) One minute by one minute coverage maps prepared on anorthophoto showing street names and footprints of buildings withLOS visibility from the hub.
HNLOS Viewer & Database:
The soft-copy component provides a GIS database of the photographs andLOS results contained in Volumes I & II. The soft copy includes theproprietary LOS Viewerand Users Guide.
OVERVIEW: LOS COVERAGE ANALYSIS
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The LOS Viewersoftware enables the user to make angular measurementson the horizon photo images, similar to what could be achieved with asurveyors transit set up at the hub.
Used in conjunction with the Coverage Study database, the LOS Viewerallows the user to see correlating views of a building on a horizon
photo and an orthophoto -- all via a point-and-click process.
The HN process gives the Wireless Carrier a pre-confirmed set of targetsubscribers, and eliminates the need for costly subscriber-end LOS fieldconfirmations.
With the LOS Viewer, see path details and potential antennamounting locations at subscriber buildings without going to the field.
OVERVIEW: THE HN LOS VIEWER
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SECTION 2
HUB SELECTION REPORT WITH
SAMPLE CONTENTS
Hub Selection Summary
Service Area Map
Building Location Map
Building Selection Aerial Photo
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The Hub Selection Summary provides a complete catalogue of candidate
hub buildings.
HN uses aerial photography and a high resolution stereoscope to select
candidate hub buildings. Selected buildings are referenced to applicable
aerial photography and street atlas pages.
The following slide shows a sample Summary. The candidate hub buildings
are evaluated and letter-ranked. An A-ranked building (e.g. HN080-1A) is
the optimal choice.
The Hub Index Number indicated in the first column can be used to locatedthe hub service area on the Service Area Map.
HUB SELECTION SUMMARY
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Hub
Index
Number
Candidate
Building
Preference
Rank No.
Location
Approx.
Number
of Floors
Line &
Photo
Number
Street
Atlas
Page No. Comments
1
HN080-1A
HN080-1B
HN080-1C
182 Street and 114 Avenue
114 Avenue near 182 Street
184 Street and 111 Avenue
4
3
3
L 12 92
L 12 92
L 12 92
220
220
220
It looks like a silo (3 together)
A large building with penthouse and 2 small towers on top
A flat roof, it would need a small tower
2
HN080-2A
HN080-2B
HN080-2C
165 Street near 88 Avenue
170 Street near 87 Avenue
87 Avenue near 170 Street
16
13
10
L 11 53
L 11 53
L 11 53
227
227
227
Flat roof with penthouse, the northern building of two
Flat roof with large penthouse
Flat roof with large penthouse
3
HN080-3A
HN080-3B
HN080-3C
115 Avenue and 135 Street
118 Avenue and St Albert
Trail118 Avenue and Groat Road
16
4
3
L 10 20
L 10 20
L 10 20
222
222
222
Flat roof with penthouse, building is L-shaped
Flat roof with penthouse
Flat roof with penthouse
4
HN080-4A
HN080-4B
HN080-4C
127 Avenue near 130 Street
127 Avenue near 121 Street
121 Street near 120 Avenue
12
4
3
L 9 309
L 9 309
L 9 309
216
216
222
Flat roof with penthouse
Flat roof with multiple penthouses
Flat roof
HUB SELECTION SUMMARY
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The coverage ranges depicted on
the Service Area Map are shownas purple circles. While all of the
candidate buildings are indicated
on the map, coverage range rings
are only shown for the A-ranked
buildings.
Each hub coverage area is labeled,and the number corresponds to the
Hub Index Number listed in
the preceding Hub Selection
Summary.
Pins indicate the location of the
candidate buildings.
The pink dots and yellow squares
represent geocoded business data.
SERVICE AREA MAP
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BUILDING LOCATION MAP
A detailed view of the candidate
buildings for each hub is shownon the Building Selection and
Building Location maps.
The Buildings Location Map
(shown adjacent) indicates the
location of the candidate buildings
on a street map.
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BUILDING SELECTION MAP
The Building Selection Map
indicates the location of thecandidate buildings as they
appear on the aerial photo.
The aerial photo provides useful
terrain and land use information
important to the hub selection
process.
HN080-1C
HN080-1B
HN080-1A
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SECTION 3
PRELIMINARY SURVEY REPORT
WITH SAMPLE CONTENTS
Building & Rooftop Detail Photos
28mm Coverage Photos
Location & Preliminary Shadow Map
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BUILDING AND ROOFTOP DETAILS
Having selected the best two
candidate buildings for eachplanned hub (see Section 2), HN
undertakes a rooftop survey of these
buildings.
The engineering suitability of the
buildings is confirmed, and a
decision is made regarding suitableantenna locations.
The Preliminary Survey Report
documents the rooftop details of
the candidate buildings, and also
includes photos of the buildings
taken at street level.
.
.
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On the roof, the HN field engineer takes measurements of the rooftop, and
documents its prominent features. GPS and other survey data are recorded.This information is provided on a rooftop sketch, and includes a precise
indication of camera setup and proposed antenna locations.
The field engineer also takes a series of wide and narrow angle photographs
of the horizon from each planned antenna location. The camera sees what
the antenna will see, and in this way LOS path conditions are established.
The photographs, in combination with the other survey data collected, contain
all of the information necessary to make complete LOS determinations at a
later date.
The Preliminary SurveyReport provides a wide-angle horizon panorama foreach prospective antenna location on the candidate hub building. The
panorama includes azimuth reference points.
Typically, the wide-angle panorama is comprised of 28mm photos. The
following page shows an excerpt from a 28mm Coverage panorama.
THE SURVEY PROCESS
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28mm COVERAGE
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Data from the horizon photos is
used to determine which areas
within the hub range are visible,and which areas are blocked
(shadowed) from view.
The shadows created by
obstructive buildings or natural
physical land features are shown in
solid orange on the Shadow Map.
At this stage in the planning
process, the Shadow Map is
particularly useful for making first
cut determinations regarding the
suitability of a potential hub building.
As shown here, the Shadow can
also be used in conjunction with
demographic and land use data, or
a list or target client buildings.
If the Wireless Carrier is planning to
deploy multiple hubs, a Composite
Shadow Map can also be provided.
LOCATION & PRELIMINARY SHADOW MAP
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SECTION 4
LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT
WITH SAMPLE CONTENTS
Typical 28mm Wide Angle Lens Panorama
Photographs taken from the Hub Antenna
Location
Typical 200mm Telephoto Lens Panorama
Photographs taken from the Hub Antenna
Location
Typical Hub Shadow Map
Typical Hub LOS Coverage Index
Typical Hub LOS Coverage Maps
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THE LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT
The Coverage Study Report provides the detailed LOS information
necessary for fixed BWA network planning, system design, andimplementation.
The Coverage Study Report answers three basic questions:
-What buildings can be served from a given hub?
-Where are these buildings located?
-Where on these buildings can subscriber antennas be located?
The end result is a comprehensive report presenting a set of LOS buildings
that can be targeted as service recipients.
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THE LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT
This sample photo is excerpted from
a panorama similar to the oneshown in Section 3.
The photo is an example of the
degree of detail shown in the 28mm
coverage photos.
These wide-angle photos are usefulfor locating and identifying buildings
at close range.
In order to provide complete and
detailed coverage information, these
photos are used in conjunction with
narrow angle photos.
A blue box is added here to frame
the area covered by the narrow
angle 200mm photo shown on the
following page.
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THE LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT
The narrow angle photos show a
much more detailed view of thecoverage area, and are useful for
locating and studying buildings
farther away from the hub.
The soft copy component of the
Report allows for a much more
detailed analysis of the imagespresented here (see Section 5).
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THE LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT
In conjunction with the horizon photo
analysis process, HN uses digital
orthophotos (rectified aerialphotographs) to determine the
precise geographical location of
buildings within service range.
The Shadow Map shown in the
LOS Coverage Study presents the
shadowed regions on a digitalorthophoto. Data from the horizon
photo is used to determine which
buildings (or parts of buildings) are
visible, and which are blocked
(shadowed) from view.
Footprints and Roofprints (marked
in green and yellow) of LOS
buildings that house potential clients
are also shown on the orthophoto.
Newbuildings (seen on the horizon
photos but built subsequent to the
date of the aerial photography) are
shown with a red outline.
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THE COVERAGE INDEX
Hub visibility coverage information is
presented as a series of Coverage
Maps overlaid on an orthophoto.The Coverage Index is the key to
this series of maps, and it gives an
overview of a hub visibility for the
entire service range.
The index numbers identify 1x1
minute grid segments that containbuildings with LOS visibility. Each
identified 1x1 minute segment has
a corresponding detailed Coverage
Map.
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THE COVERAGE MAP
The 1x1 Coverage Maps clearly
indicate the position of buildings with
LOS visibility (shown in green andyellow). Highways and major
streets are labeled.
New buildings visible on the horizon
photographs but constructed after
the date of the aerial photography
are shown with a red outline.
Highway 1
MainSt.
ABC Ave
XYZSt.
Curve Way
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SECTION 5
SAMPLE CONTENTS FROM
HN TELECOM LOS VIEWER
Typical Computer Image of a 28mm Horizon
Photo with Angular Grid
Typical 200mm Horizon Photo Showing a
Detailed View of a Section of the 28mm Photo
Correlation of Building Footprint with
Corresponding LOS Building on Horizon Photo
Panorama Index
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THE LOS VIEWER
The Coverage Study Report is provided in both hard and soft copy format.
The soft copy includes additional GIS database information about identified
LOS buildings that cannot be easily shown in the printed volumes. This
includes building elevation, coordinates, distance, and bearing from the hub.
The proprietary LOS Viewer software included with the soft copy enables
angular measurements to be made on the horizon photo images, similar to
that which could be achieved with a surveyors transit set up at the hub.
Horizon photos viewed with the LOS Viewerare displayed with angular grids
showing accurate lines of azimuth (referenced to true north) and elevation
(referenced to the horizontal plane through the camera).
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28mm Photo with Angular Grid
7.5 km
0.75 km
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THE LOS VIEWER
The two buildings shown at 0.75 km and 7.5 km on the 28mm horizon photo are
also marked on the 210mm photo (next page). Note that the grid remainsconsistent between photographic views.
Using MapInfo, these softcopy images can be further magnified as needed by the
user. This permits the easy identification of viable locations for mounting a
subscriber antenna prior to visiting the client site.
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210mm Photo with Angular Grid
7.5 km
0.75 km
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PANORAMA INDEX
The Panorama Index shows the narrow angle and wide angle photos available for viewing.
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VIEWING CORRELATION
The LOS Viewer makes it easy to find correlating orthophoto and horizon photo
building images. The Correlation function can be initiated from either the horizonphoto or the orthophoto.
The following page identifies a subscriber building in the two photographic views.
Note that the azimuth ray (yellow line) on the orthophoto at 198 corresponds to the
location of the building relative to the angular grid on the horizon photo.
A red cross indicates the correlated building in the two windows. The LOS Viewer
places correlation markers on buildings selected by the user, meaning there is no
guesswork involved in determining which building matches which footprint. Finding
a correlating view of a LOS building is literally a point-and-click process.
OtherLOS Viewerfeatures:
Paths to RF interference sources can be viewed on the horizon photos by
inputting their site co-ordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevation AMSL).
LOS Coverage Study data can be used to generate an exportable 3D
database of LOS buildings for use with RF interference programs.
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O th h t Wi d H i Ph t Wi d
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Subscriber building at 1.0 km showing
proposed antenna location
Orthophoto Window Horizon Photo Window
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SECTION 6
SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND
BENEFITS OF THE HN TELECOM METHODOLOGY
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Accuracy: LOS visibility from the hub antenna location to potential subscriber buildings is establishedby direct observation. The HN methodology provides the real world LOS data required for linkimplementation and is not subject to the errors and limitations of computer analysis using 3D buildingdatabase models.
Implementation Tool: LOS Viewer and calibrated photos can be directly used for planning, systemdesign and implementation, and permit viewing of real world LOS conditions on any terrestrial pathfrom the hub.
Large Scale Blockages: A shadow map is presented on an orthophoto showing the areas where
buildings, terrain, etc. block visibility, i.e., the map shows areas that cannot be served from this hublocation.
Sales Reference Tool: Hub visibility coverage maps are presented as a series of orthophoto gridmaps showing street names and footprints of buildings with LOS visibility. The grid maps provide aready reference for Sales Staff, identifying potential customer buildings that can be served from thishub location.
View Correlation and Proper Placement of Subscriber Antenna: The LOS Viewer quickly showscorrelation between aerial and horizon views. This permits the easy identification of viable locations formounting the subscriber antenna prior to visiting the client site.
RF Interference Sources: Paths to RF interference sources can be viewed on the horizon photos byinputting their site co-ordinates (latitude, longitude and elevation AMSL).
Use With RF Interference Programs: LOS coverage study data can be used to generate an
exportable 3D database of LOS buildings for use with RF interference programs
SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND BENEFITS