Process Documentation of Advocacy Campaign

8/14/2019 Process Documentation of Advocacy Campaign

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PROCESS DOCUMENTATION OF

JOINT ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN OF THE CARE RVCC PROJECT, UTTARANAND PANI COMMITTEE

CAMAPIGN FOR SALINE FREE DRINKINGWATER IN SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH

A. K. M. Mamunur Rashid

Advocacy Coordinator

RVCC Project, CARE Bangladesh

CARE Bangladesh Khulna Field Office

House# 14, Road# 113, Khalishpur Housing Estate

Khulna-9000, Bangladesh

Email: [email protected]

Telephone: 88-041-761250-104

Date: 27th

June 2004
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Background and Introduction

A small coastal country of the south central Asia, Bangladesh is located in the delta of the Gangesand the Brahmaputra in the northeastern part of the Indian subcontinent. Bangladesh has an area of143,998 sq. km, and is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. The country liesbetween latitudes 20o30 N and 26o15 N and longitudes 88o30 E and 92o15 E. to the south, it has anirregular coastline fronting the Bay of Bengal and is bordered by Myanmar on the southeast. TheIndian states of West Bengal to the west and north, and Assam to the north and east comprise theborder between Bangladesh and India.

The basic features of climate of Bangladesh are sub-tropical monsoon climate, wide seasonalvariations in rainfall, moderately warm temperatures, and high humidity. Climate generally uniformthroughout entire country. Subject to severe natural disasters, such as floods, tropical cyclones,tornadoes, and tidal bores.

Bangladesh has one of the most densely populated, low-lying, coastal zones in the world, with 20-25million people living within a one-meter elevation from the high tide level. The coastline in Bangladeshtotals about 735 km, of which 125 km are covered by the Sunderbans - the major natural mangroveforest. The sectors of Bangladesh coastal resources identified as most vulnerable to climate changeand sea level change are agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, forestry, and tourism. The possibleeffects of sea level change are inundation, salt-water intrusion, flash floods, droughts, and stormsurges.

Though Bangladesh has least contribution to the global climate change but are susceptible to beaffected worst due to its geographical position, high density of population, low-level literacy,agriculture sector dominated national economy, high prevalence of natural disasters, poor per capitaincome and political strife.

Digital terrain modelingtechniques have been used todisplay the Bangladesh scenarios.

A three dimensional view of thecountry has been overlaid with thecurrent coastline and major riversand potential future sea levels at1,5 meters.

Since this scenario wascalculated in 1989, the expectedrate of sea level rise has beenmodified. At present expectedrates, this stage will occur inabout 150 years from now.

ScenarioLand area'000km2

Population 1989'000'000 est.

Population 2030'000'000 est.

150 cm 22 (16%) 17 (15%) 34 (15%)

Bangladesh total 134 (100%) 112 (100%) 224 (100%)

Reduced dry-season freshwater supply from upstream sources resulting from climate change couldfurther exacerbate salinity conditions in the coastal area of Bangladesh (IPCC 1998) [The RegionalImpacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress].


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Fig 2.

Global water scenario

If we see the total distribution of the global we knew that grossly 97% water are ocean water,

and only 3% are other and subsequently these

are only sweetwaters. Of these 3% sweetwater,

77% belongs to icecaps, glaciers and inland seas,22% ground water and only 1% are other

(atmosphere and soil moisture 39%, lakes 61%,

rivers .25%). Due to climate change, icecaps,

glaciers are melting and sea water is intrusing

further to the north, subsequently sweet water

percentage will be reduced more and more in

near future. Only good hope for sweet water is the increase of rain. There is a tiny line of

hope to use rainwater for drinking and other sweet water sources. This problem will be highly

risky due to increase of population in developing countries who could be the worst sufferer of

climate change. Before talking more about saline water, we need to clarify a few things; for

example, what do mean by saline water?

Table 1: Distribution of Global Water by Percentage

Water source Water volume, in cubic miles Percent of total water

Oceans 317,000,000 97.24%

Icecaps, Glaciers 7,000,000 2.14%

Ground water 2,000,000 0.61%

Fresh-water lakes 30,000 0.009%

Inland seas 25,000 0.008%

Soil moisture 16,000 0.005%

Atmosphere 3,100 0.001%

Rivers 300 0.0001%

Total water volume 326,000,000 100%

Source: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Water that is saline contains significant amounts (referred to as "concentrations") of

dissolved salts. In this case, the concentration is the amount (by weight) of salt in water, as

expressed in "parts per million" (ppm). If water has a concentration of 10,000 ppm of

dissolved salts, then one percent (10,000 divided by 1,000,000) of the weight of the water

comes from dissolved salts. Here are a few parameters for saline water:

Fresh water - Less than 1,000 ppm Slightly saline water - From 1,000 ppm to 3,000 ppm

Moderatly saline water - From 3,000 ppm to 10,000 ppm

Highly saline water - From 10,000 ppm to 35,000 ppm

By the way, ocean water contains about 35,000 ppm of salt.

On the basis of above-mentioned scenario, a great

question comes to us that how much water is usable by

humans? It is said that only .3% of global water is

drinkable by human being. Majority of these usable water

sources is groundwater and a very few are freshwater

lakes and freshwater rivers.

Fig 1.


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Bangladesh water scenario

Bangladesh is popularly known as country of river. Most of the rivers carry sweet water from

the Himalayans, Manosh Sarobar and falls to Bay of Bangle. In the climate change

discourses it is now very accepted that Bangladesh will be one of the most vulnerable

country for climate change. Bangladesh is highly dependent on the regional waterdistributions. Drought, flood and salinity are three aspects, which directly related with the

water sharing with other countries (mainly with India). During rainy season, when

Bangladesh need small amount of water, then due to the basin, water of whole basin passes

through the rivers and due to the siltation the capacity of these rivers has already been

reduced which subsequently cause flood. During dry season, when Bangladesh needs

sweet water from north, then the flow is very low, and due to low rainfall during the same

season, scarcity of water become serious and increases drought. In the same season, due

to low flow of fresh water during dry season coupled with sea water level increase the

salinity intruse further to north.

Another big concern in Bangladesh is the contamination. The water specially drinking water

is increasingly contaminated by arsenic, bromin, magnesium and other trace elements and

by salinity and industrial pollutions.

Source: Profile of the District Climate Change Vulnerabilities (Salinity, Water logging and Flood) in Southwest Bangladesh, RVCC Project, 2004

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) projects compiled vulnerability profile ofsix districts in Southwest Bangladesh refer that 90% people of Satkhira district, 100% people

of Khulna district, 100% people of Bagerhat district, 20% people of Gopalganj district, 73%

of Narail district and 31% of Jessore district are suffering with salinity. The worst suffering

districts are Khulna, Bagerhat and Satkhira district (RVCC, 2004). Almost 5 million people

are suffering with drinking water problem due to salinity in drinking water.

Taking the above mentioned condition it is obvious that drinking water problem is not just a

short time problem in the southwest Bangladesh and it could be worst due to climate

change. Salinity is a salient feature in southwest Bangladesh along with other water related

problems (arsenic, iron, bromin, magnesium and industrial pollutions).

Salinity affected population in southwest Bangladesh by district

87

37

45

12

16

63

42

19

57

20

13

10

69

27

80

3

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Jessore

Narail

Gopalganj

Bagerhat

Khulna

Satkhira

Distric

t

Percentage of s alinity affected population by DistrictsHighMediumLowNot affected

Fig 3.


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WomenandChi ld

renaretaking

respons

ibility

ofcollectingsalin

efreewaterfrom2-5kmfar

Detail Process of Advocacy on Saline Free Drinking Water

A. ISSUE SELECTION

5 million people of southwest Bangladesh are suffering with saline drinking water. The

scenario of the Shayamnagr, Assasuni, Kaliganj, Debhata, Tala of Satkhira, Koyra,

Paikgacha, Dacope, Batiaghata, Dumuria of Khulna, Morelganj, Sharonkhola, Mongla,

Rampal of Bagerhat are the worst suffering Upazillas in southwest Bangladesh, where

ancients mariners quatation comes truth water water everywhere, no water to drink. RVCC

project has conducted a vulnerability assessment with the people of southwest Bangladesh

through 78 FGDs (RVCC, 2003). It was observed that salinity was the one of the major

vulnerability contexts of the poor people in the three districts: Khulna, Satkhira and

Bagerhat. It was also reported during the Knowledge, Attitudes and Behavior (KAB)

study (RVCC 2003) that salinity is becoming a daily truth to the people of Narail andGopalganj as salinity is intruising further to the north. Due to reduction of the

freshwater flow from the farakka, reduction of the rainfall during rainy season and

sea level rise, the risk of northern districts to the Greater Khulna (Khulna, Satkhira

and Bagerhat) increases to be inundated by the saline water. A lot more people in

future will be affected by the salinity in drinking water in this region. In the

vulnerability assessment this came truth, as the people perceived this as a present

and well-being aspect that people are

vulnerable to cope with. Following the

findings of vulnerability assessment, aParticipatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

team started to do some in-depth

analysis of the issue (drinking water

crisis in the context of increasing

salinity in southwest Bangladesh)

(Uttaran, 2002). CARE RVCC Project

and its partner NGO, UTTARAN

jointly conducted 4 Focus Group

Discussion (FGD), 4 Force Field Analysis (FFA), 4 Mobility Map, and 10 semi structured

interview in Satkhira District to find out the livelihood problem associated with salinity. Male

groups were predominantly focused on removing siltation and ensuring upstream flow.

Female groups predominantly focused on their daily livelihood problem: drinking water

problem in the context of increase in salinity. Women portrayed their severe problem as they

have to tackle the drinking water issue based on the traditional household division of labour.

Women have to collect water from two to six kilometers away from their home. Girls are

dropping from schools or limited attendance in school due to water collection as their

mothers have to cook before 12:00 when their husbands will come back from field for taking

lunch. A common feature in Shayamnagar, Assasuni, Koyra, Paikgacha, Dacope and

Mongla is that there is continuous quarrel between husband and wife for more time waste forcollecting waters. To avoid this situation, collection of water at night is also increasing, which


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made the women more vulnerable to be harassed by the wicked man on the way of water

plant to home. Increasingly, women of four or five families go together to collect water and

wait for the whole group to avoid such insecurity. The ponds from where the women are

collecting sweet water are not clean, looks very dirty, women believes that through filter,

these water are becoming purified, which is not. Thus this water cannot meet the standard ofsafe water and causing water borne diseases among the children and other adults. When

PRA team asks them why are you drinking this water? They replied through another

question can we drink saline water? RVCC and Uttaran took the question into their account

and having quick look of the national policies it was found that policy also fails to give this

answer. Therefore, this question was taken to be dealt as the advocacy issue of the RVCC

Project.

Therefore, salinity and its effect on potable water issue was selected as the advocacy issue

to be tackled. Additional issues identified during the FGDs and FFAs included: shrimp

cultivation and decrease in freshwater flow from upstream due to siltation. Taking into

consideration the duration of the project and the priority of females practical needs, CARE

RVCC and UTTARAN selected the crisis in potable water in the context of increasing salinity

as the advocacy issue to focus on.

B. LOCAL LEVEL NETWORKING/ALLIANCE BUILDING WITH CIVIL SOCIETY

The advocacy partner of RVCC Project, UTTARAN discussed the salinity caused drinking

water crisis with Pani Committee a civil society organization active in southwest Bangladesh

where college and school teachers, lawyears, journalists, social workers, and activists work

together to solve the regional water related problems. They have run a social movement in

past to remove waterlogging through taking the peoples knowledge into consideration to

introduce working to remove the water logging in Jessore and Khulna. They also succeeded

to incorporate peoples identified method (Tidal River Management) into the Water

Development Boards methodologies to solve the water logging in southwest region.

Following the discussion with Uttaran, Pani Committee showed interest to work with Uttaran

and CARE RVCC voluntarily for grassroot mobilization and advocacy for saline free drinking

water. Pani Committee then started to visit the saline affected areas in Khulna and Satkhira

districts. After visiting the salinity affected areas, Pani Committee and Uttaran agreed anddecided to work in 8 Upazillas: Shayamnagar, Kaliganj, Asasuni and Debhata in Satkhira

district, and Koyra, Paikgacha and Dumuria in Khulna district. Though, Dacope, Batiaghata

in Satkhira district, Mongla, Rampal, Morelganj and Sharonkhola in Bagerhat district are also

affected by salinity and people of these Upazilla are also suffering with saline drinking water,

but RVCC project is pilot in its nature and Pani Committee and Uttaran has existing work in

the mentioned 8 Upazillas, the area was limited for advocacy work. Pani Committee

reformed their central committee taking three members from each of 8 Upazilla and other

professionals and reputed social workers a total of 41 members. Previously, there was no

Upazilla level civil society platform to work on water issue. One of the needs was to formUpazilla Pani Committee in 8 Upazilla. Responsibility was given to the three members of the


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respective Upazilla in the Central Body to form a full committee in Upazilla level. The

committee was formed through a public meeting in the respective Upazilla. The Central

Committee along with Upazilla steering committee (three members representing the Upazilla

in the central Pani Committee), a public meeting was called in each Upazilla. Interested

social workers, activists, journalists, farmers, teachers and other non-political people werecalled in the meeting and Upazilla Pani Committee was formed. The Upazilla Pani

Committee held 6 workshop in 6 Upazilla: Shayamnagar, Assasuni, Debhata, Kaliganj,

Koyra and Paikgacha. The objectives of the workshop was to share the PRA findings and

took the opinion of the different stakeholders on the problem, possible solutions, possible

sources of sweet water and possible actions to be done. Central Pani Committee sits

bimonthly and reviews the activities of the period. Upazilla Pani Committee sits quarterly and

review the progress of activities in their respective Upazilla and report back to the Central

Committee. Central committee considers the findings and recommendation of the Upazilla

Pani Committee and in critical situation of social movement supports the Upazilla Pani

Committee. Major responsibilities of the Upazilla Pani Committee are: to organize the rally

and submit memorandum to the Upazilla Nirbahi Officer (UNO), to dialogue with the local

Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) and UNO regularly regarding the problem,

aware the mass people on the problem, facilitate the students and others to write letter to

the Prime Minister, help or support the students water forum in their respective area to

organize discussions and debates on water in their annual ceremony or in any special

occasion. The major responsibilities of the Central Pani Committee are: to coordinate the all

Upazilla Pani Committee, support them when they need for grassroot mobilization and

memorandum submission, to give representation to the policy makers, do the media

campaign, facilitate and organize the seminar, roundtable discussions, to aware the

influential persons about the water problem. The Central Pani Committee also liaison with

other civil society organizations active in the region and at national level to make more

people involved with the social movement for solving regional water problems. Central Pani

Committee has made such good linkages with Greater Khulna Unnayan Sangram

Coordination Committee. They helped Pani Committee and Uttaran to organize the Seminar

in Khulna on the Salinity in Drinking Water and Policy Responses. The following are the

brief description of the activities for the local level allience building and capacity building of

Advocacy Campaign Partners and other RVCC PNGOs.

B.1. Meeting and workshop with the NGOs and Civil Society organizations

Uttaran sits bi-monthly in the Pani

Committees meeting. To date 5 meetings of

Pani Committee held (20/07/03, 22/08/03,

30/12/03, 11/02/2004 and 9/05/04). Major

decisions of these meeting and follow up

were following.

(1) Formation of Upazilla Pani Committeethrough public meeting.


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(2) Organize the Upazilla level workshops.

(3) Organize Satkhira and Khulna Seminar.

(4) Formation of Students Water Forum

(5) Include women members in the central committee and during formation of Upazilla Pani

Committee include female members as much as possible.

Following the decision of Central Pani Committee meeting, 6 workshops held in 6 Upazilla to

take the peoples opinion about the drinking water problem in context of increase in salinity

in their respective Upazilla. These workshops held in Shayamangar (10 th September 2003),

Assasuni (16-17 September 03), Debhata (18 September 03), Kaliganj (19 September 03),

Paikgacha (24-25 September 03) and Koyra (25 th October 03). The local Pani Committee,

Central Pani Committee and Uttaran organized all these workshops. In each workshop

average 55 people attended and provided their opinion about the issue. The structure of the

workshops was first to grasp the problem

associated with drinking water (but during

workshop it also extends to the use of saline

water in other livelihood aspects), second what

could be the possible solutions for saline free

drinking water and finally what need to do if we

want to achieve the solutions. Suffering people,

teachers, local journalists, social workers, Union

Parishad Chairman and Members, NGO

workers, political workers, civil society members, government officials and PaniCommittee

members attended the workshops. The workshops were very successful and findings of the

workshops were considered during the design of advocacy campaign. One of the big

benefits of these workshops was to get other people involved and committed to work on this

issue. All participants (other than suffering people) committed that they will help the social

movement for saline free drinking water in their Upazilla. Government officials also showed

positive attitudes to help the civil society best possible from their end. Major findings of these

workshops are summarized in bellow table 1.

Pani Committee sits regular for developing strategy to make the nationalwater related policies more pro-poor through social movement


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Table 1: Summary of Findings of 6 Workshops Held on Potable Water Issues

Livelihood Problems Associated with Saline Water PossibleSolutions

ActionsSuggestedSocial Environmental Physical/Health Economic

Neighborhoodrelationships arebecoming weak

and quarrelsincreasing

Decrease in trees,plants, herbs andvegetation

Women andchildren have towalk average 3-5

kilometers at least 2times per day. Thismakes them weakerbecause they carryheavy water pot

Loss of at least4 working hoursin a day

Localgovernment totake necessary

actions forformulatingprojects ondrinking water

Locate sweetwater sources inthe region andplan to utilizethose sources

Control shrimpcultivation - ifpossible, stop it

Build more PSF,

RWHP, reservedponds and ruralpipelines toensure saline andarsenic-freedrinking water

More researchinto possiblesolutions

Raise awarenessof mass peoplethrough educatedpersons living inthe rural areas

Raise awarenessamong all levels ifpeople about the

problem

Raise peoplesvoice to thegovernment to solvethe issue

Appeal to politiciansand the PrimeMinister for kindattention to theproblem

Hold a publicmeeting in everyUnion and Thana

Change the rules ofshrimp cultivation

Reserve/protectsome pondsthrough communityinitiatives

Appeal to UPChairman toallocate more waterplants in the area

Decrease ofagriculturalproducts

Somehouseholdshave to pay forwater carriedfrom distantplaces

Quarrel increasesamong husbandand wife Contamination of

freshwater sourcesWomen andyoung girls areharassed duringcarrying of waterfrom distant place

Inadequate waterintake is commonwhich has healtheffectsLoss of freshwater

speciesCannot beinvolved inincome

Household andpersonal hygiene isbecoming tough tomaintain

Students' (mostlygirls) education isinterrupted due toresponsibility ofcarrying drinkingwater

House structuresbecoming lesssustainable

Generatingactivities

Skin diseases,diarrhea, dysentery,fever, headacheand weakness areincreasing

Increase inmarketdependencybecause ofincreasedsalinity1

Migration isincreasing Women and

children aresuffering frommalnutrition

Males are facingdifficulty to getsuitable wifebecause parentsliving infreshwater areasdo not want togive theirdaughter inmarriage to aman living in asaline water area

Loss ofemploymentopportunity

Pregnant womenface moredifficulties

Increase ofpoverty

Cleaning clothes isalmost impossible

Loss of animalhusbandry

1 Examples: farmers cannot grow rice seedlings in saline soil; people need to buy fish because public water bodies have beentaken over for shrimp production

Uttaran has its previous NGO network namely SHONJOG (which has been formed with 40

local NGOs). At the beginning of the campaign, 20 of these NGOs are interested to work

with the potable water issue. Consists of Executive Directors and Coordinators of these

NGOs a Climate Change Awareness Committee (CCAC) was formed. The CCAC sat once

and after that meeting it came to the realization that the main purpose of the committee is to

aware the rural people about climate change and

its effects on drinking water. As Uttaran prepared

a drama and solo folk song to aware the masspeople, and a few members of CCAC is also

included in the Pani Committee, therefore, this

issue was discussed during two days campaign

design workshop, and decided not to continue

this committee as this is not much effective for

social movement than to go with civil society but

they will remain as campaign partners for saline free drinking water and will assist and help

the Upazilla Pani Committee to build awareness among mass people and organize rally and

procession.


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Uttaran has build good rapport with national level organizations like IUCN, SPARSO,

Geological Survey Department, Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies (BCAS), NGO

Forum, Federation of Environmental Journalists of Bangladesh (FEJB) and provide regular

information to them through sending of reports, articles, booklets, still photo and newsletter

(prepared by Coastal Development Partnership (CDP), a PNGO of RVCC). Uttaran alsoprovide information to the advisory committee of the RVCC project via its representative on

the committee.

B.2. Capacity Building of RVCC Partners and Advocacy Campaign Partners

It was realized that to carry out advocacy activities

for saline free drinking water, campaign partners

need to build capacity on doing advocacy.

Training was a direct input for awareness raising

and skill development for advocacy campaign

partners. Uttaran has organized two batches

training (on advocacy for capacity building of

RVCC PNGOs staff members and Advocacy

Campaign Partners staff members including

Uttaran staff. A total of 50 staff are trained through

3-day training sessions.

8 PNGOs, other than advocacy campaign

partners, have some work in community level. Thiscommunity level initiative needs some advocacy

skills. Uttaran provided the training to the 8 PNGO

staff on art of advocacy and that helped them to understand the complex of strategies at

community level even to the regional and national level. Gained skill from advocacy training

of Uttaran, PNGO will be able to handle their advocacy issue at various levels.

C. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

C.1. Shallow Aquifer StudyA shallow aquifer survey was conducted in

Satkhira and Khulna Districts to identify

possible sweet water aquifers. The Pani

Committee and Climate Change Awareness

Committee proposed this study. The study was

necessary for doing advocacy to know the

possible alternative sources of arsenic and

saline free drinking water in the saline zone.

Before, perusing the drinking water agenda to

the policy makers, Pani Committee and Uttaran need to know the shallow level aquifers


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condition. The The study was limited to secondary literature review, satellite image of the

condition of aquifers and only 4 experimental borings in two Upazilla (Shayamnagar and

Tala). The Deputy Director of Bangladesh Geological Survey Department Mr. Reshad

Mohammad Ekram Ali conducted the study. The draft of the study was review by the RVCC

Project and Utatran and the comments made that the boring was very limited, to reach tomore comprehensive conclusion, more boring should be done. It was therefore,

recommended that due to limitation of fund for study in Utatran, this will be recommended to

the Bangladesh Geological Survey Department to conduct more studies on the shallow and

deep water aquifers in the region for finding out possible sources of saline and arsenic free

drinking water.

C.2. Policy Review

Ahsan Uddin Ahmed, Technical Advisor of RVCC Project, has conducted review of 5 policies

related to drinking water issue (Ahsan, 2004b). In addition, he also reviewed 12 relevant

national policies (Ahsan, 2004a) whether these policies are addressing climate change

adaptations or not. The following policies are reviewed intensively for drinking water

purpose.

National Water Policy

National Water and Sanitation Policy

Proposed Integrated Coastal Zone Policy

Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper

National Water Management Plan (draft)

The policy review is expected to be published as a separate document by early September

2004.

This policy review will be used by UTTARAN to finalize policy recommendations. During

policy recommendation, they will also consider the findings of the aquifer study, Focus

Group Discussion (FGD) and Force Field Analysis (FFA) findings, and Upazilla level

workshops. Based on those policy recommendations, UTTARAN will submit memorandums1

and papers with policy recommendations to different fora (Parliamentary Committee forWater, Parliamentary Committee for Local Government and Rural Development, Department

of Public Health Engineering, Water Board, Water Resources Planning Organization,

Minister of Local Government and Rural Development, etc.)2. The policy review is now in

draft form and Pani Committee has asked for a summary of the report in Bangla that all 350

1 Memorandum is similar to a petition in the Canadian context. In Bangladesh, a memorandum(petition) signed by large number of people is submitted to a Deputy Coordinator or higher GoBofficial, after a rally or procession is held.2

The advocacy tools finalized by UTTARAN and Pani Committee include: letter campaign,representation to the policy makers, memorandum submission to UNO and Prime Minister, seminar,round table discussion, newspaper articles, public meeting and lobbying.


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members of Central and Upazilla Pani Committee members can read the reviews summary

and become aware about the policy gap.

D. DESIGN OF ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN

RVCC Project, Pani Committee andUttaran jointly organized a 2-day longworkshop (12-13 November 2003) todesign an advocacy campaign focusing onthe potable water crisis in the context ofincreasing salinity in southwestBangladesh. The advocacy campaigndesign of the CARE RVCC Project, Uttaranand the Pani Committee is included inAnnex 1.

After reviewing the existing nationalpolicies, national multi year plans and Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and using

the result of aquifer study along with findings of the 6 workshops held at Upazilla level and

FGDs & FFAs, the campaign partners set the objectives of the advocacy campaign:

To incorporate drinking water issues in the context of increasing of salinity in southwest

region to the national water policy and WASTAN policy.1. Before finalizing national water management plan (NWMP) incorporate salinity

laden drinking water issue into plan.

In the workshop, after setting objectives following target audience were identified for

advocacy:

Prime Minister LGRD Ministry

DPHE

Water Resource Ministry

WARPO-DG

Local Administration- Deputy Commissioner, Commissioner, Upazilla Nirbahi Officer

Member of Parliament

International Donors (UNDP, WORLD BANK, ADB, DANIDA, NORAD, USAID,DFID, CIDA)

Media (TV, Radio and Press)

Local Elected Bodies (LEBs)

Local DPHE Office

Rich Individuals

Suffering People

In the workshop, an important task was to define the key messages of the advocacy

campaign. This was very important and needed to be clear to all campaign partners. Draft

messages were developed in the workshop and were reviewed by the sub committee for

message finalization, RVCC Project, the advisory committee members of RVCC Project and

CARE Bangladeshs Rights and Social Justice and thereafter it was finalized. The

recommendation was to make two columns for message, one for key message and anotherfor supplementary message (refer to annex 1). The key messages per actor are following


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Table 2: List of key messages per audience identified as target for advocacy

Actor Key Message

Prime Minister Saline laden drinking water problem is overlooked in relevant national policies(National Water Policy and National Water and Sanitation Policy) and thisissue needs to be incorporated in the policies.

LGRD Ministry Saline laden drinking water problem is overlooked in National Water andSanitation Policy; and this issue needs to be incorporated in the policy.DPHE

Water ResourceMinistry

Saline laden drinking water problem is overlooked in National Water Policy;and this issue needs to be incorporated in the policy.

WARPO-DG Potable water issue in National Water Management Plan is only addressed forKhulna City but the worst sufferers are the rural poor people adjacent to thecoast of sea. This overlooking should be reconsidered and rural peoplesproblem due to increasing in salinity issue need to be incorporated in theNational Water Management Plan.

Local Administration The practical problem of people needs to forward to the ministries for properattention of key policy decision makers.

Member of

Parliament

The problem of your own constituency needs to raise properly in the

parliament and to influence the parliament to incorporate salinity issue inrelevant national policies and action plans (ex. National Water ManagementPlan)

International Donors Climate Change and its effect on water resources, particularly potable watercrisis in coastal zone of Bangladesh is inadequately addressed in developmentgoals/programs/projects; this issue need to be considered during futuredevelopment strategy formulation or programming.

Media (TV, Radioand Press)

Broadcast or project the issue to the larger audience in a sensitive way thatdifferent people became positive and proactive regarding this issue.

Local ElectedBodies (LEBs)

Raise the salinity caused potable water issue to the Member of Parliament.

Local DPHE Office Distribute the water facilities to the poorer and most affected people.

Install the water plant in a suitable location, which is accessible to the most ofthe users; for doing so, area could be identified through PRA with the intendedusers.

Rich Individuals Please raise or donate fund for ensuring community fresh water supply for therural people.

Sufferer People Raise your voice to the LEBs, MPs, Local Administrators and Local ServiceProviders.

The following tools were finalized for the advocacy campaign up to the March 2005. Based

on experience during this time, Pani Committee will determine other tools in necessary in

future.

Grass-roots Mobilization (awareness raising through cultural activities, posters,

stickers, booklet, group session, public meeting and procession, rally, school session

and wall writing)

Persuasion and Lobbying (representation to the ministers and government high

officials, memorandum submission, public attention advertisement in newspaper,

writing articles in newspaper and popular journals, letter campaigning, workshop,

seminar and round table discussions)

Media Campaign (press-conference, field visit of journalists and reporting on visit,

talk show in TV, talk show in Radio)


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E. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADVOCACY TOOLS DEVELOPED IN CAMPAIGN

E.1. Awareness Raising Program: Material Development, Cultural Activities

This program is helping for awareness raising of mass people, community leaders, socialvolunteers and NGO staff. Details are given below:

Material Development: A booklet is developed by Uttaran

and Pani Committee on In Search of Potable Water: In the

context of climate change and increase in salinity. Three

thousands copies of this booklet was published. This booklet

will be distributed among political parties, civil society, locally

elected bodies, journalists, government officials,

academicians, NGOs, schools and colleges, Pani Committee

members, students water forum members, Member of

Parliament, WARPO, DPHE, Water Board, Press Clubs,

national newspapers editors and senior journalists,

parliamentary committee members for Water and LGRD

ministries, and senior government officials. This booklet

contains the global and regional drinking water contexts, causes of water problems,

livelihood problems of women and children due to water scarcity, possible solutions to the

problems, policy responses to the problem and call of social movement for the saline free

water rights. A flip chart draft is finalized (developed and field tested) and will be printed

soon. This flip chart will be printed for using at different stage of the project for program

running support. For example, for providing orientation at the grassroots level particularly

NGOs staff and organized group levels so that information on saline drinking water and

related problems reached to them easily.

Cultural Activities: UTTARAN has gained experience that traditional cultural activities are

very popular in the rural context. UTTARAN used this media for awareness raising and

opinion formation at the grassroots level. UTTARAN

organized folk drama and solo folk song for

increasing mass awareness on potable water crisis inthe context of increasing salinity as an effect of

climate change so that people understand the issue

and think on

probable

adaptation

mechanism and act favorably towards policy change. 17

shows of folk drama and 32 shows of solo folk song are

performed to date. A total of 5720 male and 3830 female

enjoyed the folk drama, and 3880 male and 3820 femaleenjoyed the solo folk song, which was performed separately. The lyrics of folksong and script of


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popular theater is based on potable water crisis in the context of increasing salinity. The script

and performances has been developed and field-tested and then started to perform.

UTTARAN organized orientation to the school and college students and teachers as a part of

awareness raising and capacity building program. Since students and teachers play a crucialrole at the family level and societal level so it would be effective for promoting the issue.

Moreover, UTTARAN would select some teachers with other civil society individuals or

representatives for conducting advocacy from the local level to national level for policy

change, policy adaptation or implementation. UTTARAN selected only one Upazilla

(Shayamnagar, one of the severe affected area due to salinity) and 15 educational

institutions as pilot for these activities. To date, UTTARAN organized 6 orientation sessions

to 6 educational institutions in Shyamanagar Upazilla and a total of 804 boys and 632 girls

received orientation on potable water crisis. As an outcome of such orientation, students

water forum was formed with interested senior students (college) who will help Pani

Committee and other students during letter campaign, which will be started from July 2004

and will continue upto September 2004.

E.2. Coordination with Awareness Campaign

RVCC Project is working with Rupantar for raising awareness about climate change

vulnerabilities, its causes, and possible adaptation strategies. DDJ and AOSED is raising

awareness among the school students, DDJ

is also conducting climate change group

awareness session in the credit groups andcourtyard groups, GUS is working with 30

CBOs in Shyamnagar Upazilla to raise

awareness among the vulnerable people,

CDP is collecting information and

disseminating those to national and

international level audience, Rupantar is

raising awareness among the rural people

through Pot Song and Folk Drama, RVCC is developing flip charts, radio spots and also

going to produce posters on successful adaptation strategies for awareness raising. Uttaranis also benefited to join in the campaign for better coordination between the two campaigns.

In the school module and easy reading book, water scarcity is portrayed as an effect of

climate change, in CDPs newsletter, more than one articles are published on water scarcity

in the southwest Bangladesh, CDP is also going to publish a newsletter on salinity which will

cover also the potable water issue, DDJ also aware the people of Morelganj and

Sharonkhola through their group session on potable water crisis and Rupantars pot song

and drama also talk about the potable water issue. As a whole, there is good amount of

awareness raising is being done by the awareness partners which is helping UTTARAN to

mobilize the people. UTTARAN is getting very good support from the GUSs CBO network,

as this is one of the worst problematic area for saline drinking water. CBOs are supporting


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by rally and procession to the UNO through the Pani Committee. On the other hand,

UTTARAN is also giving climate change vulnerability messages in their potable water related

drama and folk song, which is helping people to understand the climate change

vulnerabilities along with water vulnerabilities.

E.3. Dialogue seminar with the Civil Society, Local Elected Bodies (LEBs), Media,

Politicians, and Bureaucrats (at regional level)

UTTARAN organized seminars in Satkhira and

Khulna on Drinking Water Crisis and Policy

Response. In Satkhira Workshop (held in May

22, 2004), 150 people attended from different

background (UP representatives, Pani

Committee members, academicians, journalists,

political leaders from ruling and opposition

parties, NGO staff, teachers, lawyers, and

government officials). The workshop recommended that issue should be raised to the

political parties and MPs need to be approached with the issue. The civil societies role was

recommended as important to give pressure to the Member of Parliament. In Khulna

Seminar (held in 12 June 2004) about 120 people attended. The seminar was very fruitful in

terms of getting more people with the

campaign. Greater Khulna Development Action

Coordination Committee (Brihattar Khulna

Unnayan Sangram Sammanay Committee) the

largest civil society platform in the greater

Khulna assisted the Campaign and also

committed that they are in full support to this

campaign, and will continue their assistance to

the activities to the campaign. They also told

that they would feel more comfort to working

with civil society rather than having NGOs name in the banner an organizer or financer.

These two seminars were very fruitful and a lot of recommendations came from the

seminars. The Campaign is planning to incorporate the recommendations during formulationof the strategy for the next year.

E.4. Round Table Discussion/Dialogue with the Civil Society, Media, Politicians and

Bureaucrats (at national level)

Nothing happen with this. Should I drop the issue for this period?


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E.5. Media campaign

UTTARAN hold an orientation

session to the journalists ofSatkhira district to aware them

about climate change and its

effects on drinking water with an

intention that journalists will

write more articles on this issue. A

total of 26 journalists were

imparted training on the climate

change and possible effects on

drinking water. After that

orientation to date 12 things are

published in the local newspaper (news and articles newspaper) and 2 things in national

newspaper (news and articles in the daily Independent). The Pani Committee in Khulna

Press Club also organized a press conference in 10th December 2003 (Human Rights Day)

and that was widely circulated in 9 local newspapers (Purbanchal, Janmobhumi, Janobarta,

Tattho, Gramer Kagoj, Kafela, Proborton, Loksamaj, and Anirban) and 5 national

newspapers (Prothom Alo, Sangbad, Janakantha, Jugantar and NewAge).

D.5. Persuasion/lobbying

UTTARAN and Pani Committee started to lobby with the different actors from local level to

national level particularly policy level actors to pursue them for taking alternative peoples

demand in formulating and/or amending existing policy and procedure. Pani Committee hold

a dialogue with Mr. Hossain Zillur Rahman and Mesbah Kamal who were actively involved in

preparing the IPRSP. RVCC Projects Advocacy Coordinator made good linkages with the

chairman of Parliamentary Committee for LGRD Ministry and chairman of Parliamentary

Committee for Water Ministry. Following this linkage, Pani Committee will give

representation to the two committees in October to December quarter 2004. The Pani

Committee also visited the campaign of water in the southeast region lead by Chittagong


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Citizens Forum and funded by ActionAid Bangladesh. This cross visit made the Pani

Committee more confident to pursue the issue to the national level and through this process,

good linkages also made with ActionAid Bangladesh and they showed positive interests to

join in the advocacy campaign for saline free drinking water.

The Pani Committee also organized three rally in three Upazilla (Shayamnagar, Debhata

and Assasuni) and submitted memorandum to the Prime Minister through UNO. UNO of

these three Upazilla received the memorandum and subsequently forwarded to the Prime

Minister through DC office. One rally was held in Shayamnagar during observation of

International Water Day 2004. In that rally, more than 1000 people attended and following a

public meeting in the Sahyamnagar Upazilla Complex, memorandum was submitted and the

UNO give him speech to the public meeting that he will forward this letter to Prime Minister.

He also become wondered that for water crisis such a big rally is organized and he felt that

this is a burning issue for Shayamangar.

Conclusion:

This process documentation is interim in its nature. Majority of the activities are yet to be

accomplished. This process documentation will be finalized after March 2005 (tentatively

May 2005). This document is a mere process of progress of the advocacy campaign not the

assessment of effectiveness of the campaign. In the final documentation, an assessment of

the efficiency of activities and strategies will be included.

References:

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) Project. 2003 (a). Report of a

Community Level Vulnerability Assessment Conducted in Southwest Bangladesh.

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) Project. 2003 (b). Peoples Knowledge,

Attitudes and Behavior Regarding Climate Change: Result from a Baseline Study in

Southwest Bangladesh.

Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) Project. 2004. Profile of the DistrictClimate Change Vulnerabilities (Salinity, Waterlogging and Flood) in Southwest Bangladesh.

(not published)

Ahmed, Ahsan Uddin. 2004 (a). Review of Current Policy Regime in Relation to Climate

Change Adaptation.

Ahmed, Ahsan Uddin. 2004 (b). Addressing Issues of Salinity in Potable Water in NationalPolicies: Whither Adaptation to Climate Change.

Uttaran. 2002. In Search of Saline Free Drinking Water: PRA Findings.


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Annex-1:

CAMPAIGN FOR SALINE FREE DRINKING WATER

Objectives:After reviewing: the result of the shallow aquifer study commissioned by Uttaran; findings of6 workshops held at Upazilla level; 6 Focus Group Discussions; 4 Force Field Analyses;and. a preliminary review of the National Water Policy, National Policy for Safe Water Supply& Sanitation and the Draft National Water Management Plan (NWMP), the campaignpartners set the following objectives for the advocacy campaign:

1. To incorporate drinking water issues in the context of increasing salinity in the

southwest region into the National Water Policy and National Policy for Safe Water

Supply & Sanitation.

2. To ensure that the issue of saline drinking water is incorporated into the finalNWMP.

The above objectives, as well as the campaign design, were finalized by the campaignpartners during a two-day workshop held12-13 November 2003.

Audience:During the advocacy campaign design workshop, the following target audiences foradvocacy were identified:

Prime Minister LGRD Ministry

DPHE

Water Resource Ministry

WARPO-DG

Local Administration- Deputy Commissioner, Commissioner, Upazilla Nirbahi Officer

Member of Parliament

International Donors- UNDP- WORLD BANK- ADB

- DANIDA- NORAD- AUSAID- DFID- CIDA

Media (TV, Radio and Press)

Local Elected Bodies (LEBs)

Local DPHE Office

Rich Individuals

Suffering People


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Name ofOrganization

Brief Description of the Organization Possible Mode of Involvement andCommunication

UNDESA(U

nitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocial

Affairs)

The United Nations Department of Economic andSocial Affairs was created as a result of theconsolidation of the Department for PolicyCoordination and Sustainable Development, theDepartment for Economic and Social Information and

Policy Analysis and the Department for DevelopmentSupport and Management Services. The mainobjective of the Department's programme is topromote broad-based and sustainable developmentthrough a multidimensional and integrated approachto economic, social, environmental, population andgender related aspects of development. TheDepartments functions represent a crucial interfacebetween global policies and national action, andbetween research and operational activities, therebyfacilitating the translation of international agreementsto strategies at the country level, and feeding backlessons learned and experiences gained from thecountry level into the international policy

development process. In implementing theprogramme, the Department also aims atstrengthening linkages between the United Nationsand civil society and at developing innovative meansof cooperation and modes of partnership in areas ofcommon interest.

Uttaran, on behalf of the PaniCommittee, will contact UNDESAthrough email, information sharing, letterwriting and sending paper cuttings.

WaterAid

http://www.

wateraid

.org

.uk

/

WaterAid is a charity dedicated to helping peopleescape the stranglehold of poverty and diseasecaused by living without safe water and sanitation.WaterAid works in partnership with localorganisations in 15 countries in Africa and Asia tohelp poor communities establish sustainable watersupplies and latrines, close to home. WaterAid also

works to influence governments water and sanitationpolicies to serve the interests of vulnerable people.

WaterAid could be one of the good alliesin Bangladesh for the AdvocacyCampaign. Regular interaction withWaterAid by RVCC Project, PaniCommittee and Uttaran will be beneficialfor the campaign.

WSSCC

(WaterSupplyandSanitation

CollaborativeCouncil)

http://www.

wsscc

.org/

The Water Supply and Sanitation CollaborativeCouncil is a leading international organisation thatenhances collaboration in the water supply andsanitation sector to accelerate the achievement ofsustainable water, sanitation and wastemanagement services to all people, with specialattention to the unserved poor, by enhancingcollaboration among developing countries andexternal support agencies and through concertedaction programmes.

This is coordinated in Bangladesh byDPHE. The Advocacy Campaign plansto contact regularly DPHE and WSSCCbody in Bangladesh.
http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wateraid.org.uk/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/http://www.wsscc.org/


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Actor wise Key Messages:

In the November 2003 workshop, an important task was to define the key messages of the

advocacy campaign. The messages needed to be clear to all campaign partners. Draft

messages were developed in the workshop for review. The draft messages are as follows3:

Actor Message

Key Message(s) Additional/Supplementary Messages

Prime Minister The problem of saline drinking wateris overlooked in relevant nationalpolicies (National Water Policy andNational Water and SanitationPolicy). This issue needs to beincorporated into the policies.

Salinity intrusion and related drinkingwater problem is not addressed inthe National Water ManagementPlan. It is urgent that the potable

water crisis in this region beaddressed properly in the NWMP.

12 million people in the coastal areasare suffering severely from lack of safepotable water due to salinity coupledwith arsenic contamination. It is veryimportant to give proper attention to thepractical needs of poor and vulnerablepeople.

Poor people (particularly women andchildren) are severely suffering fromsaline drinking water

This problem will become more severein the future due to climate change.

Interministerial coordination isnecessary for saline free drinking watersupply

LGRD Ministry

DPHE

This problem will become moresevere in the future due to climateThe problem of saline drinking wateris overlooked in the National Waterand Sanitation Policy. This issueneeds to be incorporated into thepolicy.

12 million people in the coastal areasare suffering severely from lack ofpotable water due to salinity coupledwith arsenic contamination.

Poor people (particularly women andchildren) are severely suffering fromsaline drinking water

Water ResourceMinistry

The problem of saline drinking wateris overlooked in the National WaterPolicy; this issue needs to beincorporated into the policy.

Climate Change and its effects willincrease saline intrusion furtherupstream, which needs to beconsidered for the management ofwater resources.

WARPO-DG Potable water issue in the National Water Management Plan is only addressed forKhulna City but the worst sufferers are the rural poor people adjacent to the seacoast. Rural peoples problems due to increasing salinity needs to be incorporatedinto the NWMP.

DeputyCommissioner,

Commissioner,Upazilla NirbahiOfficer

The practical problems of peopleneed to be forwarded to the

ministries for the proper attention ofkey policy decision-makers.

o Please reserve the Zilla

Parishad owned sweet water sources

only for drinking water.

Member ofParliament

The problem of your own constituency needs to be raised properly in theParliament. As a MP, you need to influence the Parliament to incorporate salinityissue in relevant national policies and action plans (ex. National WaterManagement Plan)

International Donors- UNDP- WORLD BANK- ADB- DANIDA- NORAD

Climate Change and its effects onwater resources, particularly potablewater crisis in coastal zone ofBangladesh, is inadequatelyaddressed in development

Funding for deep-water harvesting needto reconsidered as very few sweet wateraquifers exist in the coastal zone.

More studies need to be conducted onthis issue to determine better options for

3 The Project Advisory Committee reviewed these messages in early January 2004. It was stronglyrecommended that only 1 message be delivered per actor.


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Actor Message

Key Message(s) Additional/Supplementary Messages

- AUSAID- DFID- CIDA

goals/programs/projects; this issueneeds to be considered during futuredevelopment strategy formulation orprogramming.

the people of this area.

Direct service fund for installingrainwater-harvesting plant or pond sandfilter needs to be increased in this

region.Media (TV, Radioand Press)

Broadcast or project the issue to the larger audience in a sensitive way so thatdifferent people become positive and proactive regarding this issue.

Local ElectedBodies (LEBs)

Raise the salinity-caused potablewater issue to the Member ofParliament.

Make the Union WATSAN committeestronger and pro-active.

Take initiative to protect the limitedsweet water sources from humaninterventions (ex. shrimp cultivation)

Local DPHE Office Distribute the water facilities to thepoorer and most affected people.

Install a water plant in a suitablelocation, which is accessible to thelargest number of users; an area couldbe identified via PRA with the intendedusers.

Rich Individuals Please raise or donate fund to ensure community fresh water supply for the ruralpeople.

Suffering People Raise your voice to the LEBs, MPs,Local Administrators and LocalService Providers.

This is not a temporary problem: due toclimate change, this problem will beaggravated.

Advocacy Tools and Media:

The following tools were finalized for the advocacy campaign up to March 2005. Based onexperience gained during this time, the Pani Committee will refine the tools as necessary tobe used in the future.

Grass-roots Mobilization (awareness raising through cultural activities, posters,stickers, booklet, group sessions, public meetings and processions, rallies, schoolsessions and wall writings)

Persuasion and Lobbying (representation to Ministers and government high officials,memorandum submission, public attention advertisement in newspaper, writingarticles in newspaper and popular journals, letter campaigning, workshop, seminarand round table discussions)

Media Campaign (press-conference, field visit of journalists and reporting on visit,talk show on TV, talk show on Radio)


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Implementation Plan of the Advocacy Campaign:

The implementation plan of the advocacy Campaign is developed by the participants and the

plan until March 2005 are as follows.

Major Activity QuarterJ-M 04 A-J 04 J-S 04 O-D 04 J-M 05

Development, field test and printing of Campaign Materials(Awareness)-Booklet on salinity caused drinking water issue-Flip Chart on saline drinking water issue-Posters on Drinking Water Problem-Stickers on Drinking Water Problem-Drama on Saline Drinking Water-Solo Baul Song on Salinity and Drinking WaterImplementation of Campaign Materials

Policy Review

Wall Writing on Campaign Messages

Performance of folk song and drama

Orientation to school and college students (15)Formation of Upazilla Pani Committee

Quarterly meeting of Upazilla Pani Committee

Bi-monthly meeting of central Pani CommitteeFormation of Students Environment Forum

Quarterly Meeting of Students Forum

District Level Workshop/Seminar

Round Table DiscussionThana Level Mass Gathering and Memo submission

District level mass gathering and memo submission

Letter Campaigning

Mass Appeal to Prime Minister

Coordination Meeting with Awareness Campaign Group

Representation to Different Policy Actors

Documents

Process Documentation of Advocacy Campaign