14th International Conference

on

Automatic Fire Detection

PROCEEDINGS

Vol. 2

September 8 - 10, 2009 Universität Duisburg-Essen

Duisburg, Germany

Duisburg Fire Detection Laboratory

Department of

Communication Systems

http://nts.uni-duisburg-essen.de

We develop

fast, intelligent and false alarm resistant smoke detectors, detection algorithms, test methods, individual problem solving

We focus on

modern sensors, fuzzy logic and neural networks, intelligent signal processing, simulation techniques

We simulate

fires, fire sensors, sensor signals, spatial distribution of fire parameters

We measure

CO-concentration, smoke density, temperature and particle size distribution during a fire ... and much more …

Preface

The 14th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection, AUBE’09, is hosted by the University Duisburg-Essen and held in Duisburg, Germany.

Important contributions for the conference and its preparation came from the University of Duisburg-Essen and VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH, Cologne, Germany.

The financial contributions of EUSAS e.V. (European Society for Automatic Alarm Systems e.V.) and Notifier Italia SRL, S. Donato Milanese in order to success the conference are gratefully acknowledged.

The proceedings include all papers delivered to the editors in time. Papers are organized in the proceedings by the session topics at the conference. The content of the symposium proceedings have also been recorded in electronic form and provided on CD-ROM in color.

Session topics are:

Standards, certification, EU regulations, EU directives and related aspects

Smoke aerosol characterisation Test methods, special applications, multiple sensor and multiple

criteria detection Smoke aerosol characterisation, gas detection Type testing, field testing, calibration methods Toxic gases, gas detection Testing procedures, domestic fire detection Gas detection, modelling and simulation aspects, detection in

special applications Wireless detection, fire spread, detection algorithms in fire and

security Wildfire fighting, gas detection, fire spread Fire detection in aircraft, special applications Detection by radiated emission, video detection

Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck

Preface

The 14th International Conference on Automatic Fire Detection, AUBE’09, is hosted by the University Duisburg-Essen and held in Duisburg, Germany.

Important contributions for the conference and its preparation came from the University of Duisburg-Essen and VdS Schadenverhütung GmbH, Cologne, Germany.

The financial contributions of EUSAS e.V. (European Society for Automatic Alarm Systems e.V.) and Notifier Italia SRL, S. Donato Milanese in order to success the conference are gratefully acknowledged.

The proceedings include all papers delivered to the editors in time. Papers are organized in the proceedings by the session topics at the conference. The content of the symposium proceedings have also been recorded in electronic form and provided on CD-ROM in color.

Session topics are:

Standards, certification, EU regulations, EU directives and related aspects

Smoke aerosol characterisation Test methods, special applications, multiple sensor and multiple

criteria detection Smoke aerosol characterisation, gas detection Type testing, field testing, calibration methods Toxic gases, gas detection Testing procedures, domestic fire detection Gas detection, modelling and simulation aspects, detection in

special applications Wireless detection, fire spread, detection algorithms in fire and

security Wildfire fighting, gas detection, fire spread Fire detection in aircraft, special applications Detection by radiated emission, video detection

Prof. Dr.-Ing. I. Willms Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. H. Luck

Table of Contents

Volume 2

Gas detection, modelling and simulation aspects, detection in special applications

S. Bootsma Online e-nose technology in health, safety and environmental applications 1

P. Reimann, T. Conrad, A. Schütze Underground fire detection based on a semiconductor gas sensor 9

M. Münch Verification and validation of CFD-models applied to fire detection 17

C.L. Mealy, D.T. Gottuk Validation of smoke detection response methodologies 25

R. Chagger Smoke detection in high ceiling spaces 33

N. Chen, T.W. Zhang, Z.B. Mei, A.Z. Wang Experimental study about the response property of photoelectric smoke fire detectors based on the hollowing rate of grid suspended ceilings 43

Y. Oka, O. Sugawa Characterization of flow behavior along an inclined unconfined ceiling 57

R. Bergmann, W. Werkmeister, T. Hannes, J. Türmer, G. Grüner, C. Haug, A. Hensel Simulation of light scattering for different aerosols in a fire detector and comparison with experimental data 65

Wireless detection, fire spread, detection algorithms in fire and security

W. Vollenweider Fading in indoor radio links 73

H. Aebersold, P. Blum, C. Honegger Energy as central design paradigm for wireless fire detection 81

A. Riemer, T. Finke, T. König Security applications using wireless networking - realizing a radio controlled field bus 89

R. Schäckel, D. Saschenbrecker Innovative algorithms for the effective mitigation of the risk of fires and explosions in process plants 97

W. Vollenweider Interferences from fluorescent tubes to open smoke detectors 103

W.H. Dong, Z.B. Mei, G. Pan A preliminary multi-layer model of fire detection based on the theory of data fusion 111

Y. Wang, C.Y. Yu, R. Tu, Y.M. Zhang Fire detection system in Tibet based on gray-fuzzy neural network algorithm 119

E. Momma, T. Ono, H. Ishii, S.I. Ozawa, J.I. Hozumi Tunnel car fire detection using Haar-like features 129

U. Skubsch Video content analysis for unmanned platforms 137

Wildfire fighting, gas detection, fire spread

N. Corsi, A. Gemelli An innovative approach to forest-fire detection and monitoring: The EU-Fire project 145

W. Krüll, R. Tobera, I. Willms, B. Wiggerich Early forest fire detection and suppression - an integrated approach - 153

M. Henrichs Armored and tracked vehicle for rescue / extinguish / defend missions 163

N. von Wahl, S. Heinen Advantages of millimeter waves in fire detection and monitoring 173

R. Tobera, W. Krüll, I. Willms Optical smoke and gas sensors as an additional method for early wildfire verification 181

H. Schmitz, H. Bousack, M. Lacher, S. Schmitz The infrared sensilla in the beetle Melanophila acuminata as model for new fire sensors 189

S. Paczkowski, B. Weißbecker, S. Schütz, A. Eberheim, D. Kohl, P. Schieberle Biomimetic wood smoke assessment on the basis of insect olfactory systems 199

R. Kaschow Simulation to support wildfire fighting management 209

J. Dreibach Automated Wildland Smoke Detection Systems: Technology and procedure for remote sensing, early warning and data achievement for a computer aided, efficient fire fighting management 213

Fire detection in aircraft, special applications

K. Behle Standardization of false alarm rejection capability assessment 223

A. Freiling, K. Willenbrock Studies on the performance of smoke detectors and their housing in an aircraft cargo compartment environment 229

M. Hemingway, P. Walsh, M. Williams, S. Hunneyball, S. Jobling An improved fire detector for use in underground coalmines 237

E.C.L. Pang, W. K. Chow Review on design considerations of fire detection systems for supertall buildings 245

J. Fang, J.J. Wang, R. Tu, Y.M. Zhang, X.M. Shu An experimental evaluation about multiple fire detectors in a high large volume space 253

C. Kainz Fire prevention in rolling stocks 261

R. Laufersweiler, S. Brügger Details in developing a new high sensitivity smoke sensor for aspirating smoke detectors 269

F. Daniault, A. Siemens, H. Lewonig, A. Barker Aspirating smoke detection in prisons with identification of individual cells 277

Detection by radiated emission, video detection

S. Verstockt, B. Merci, P. Lambert, R. van de Walle, B. Sette State of the art in vision-based fire and smoke detection 285

F. Alimenti, G. Tasselli, S. Bonafoni, L. Rosselli, P. Basili Remote sensing of masked fire spots by low-cost microwave radiometers 293

R. Salman, T. Schultze, I. Willms Rough UWB object imaging for improved microwave fire detection 301

A. Birbaumer, A. Macé, F. Moscheni, F. Betsch Video-based fire and smoke detection in road tunnels 311

G.F. Ding, J. Ouyang, C.S. Lim, Z.G. Liu Study of a video image fire detection (VID) system for road tunnel protection 319

C.Y. Yu, Y.M. Zhang, J.J. Wang Video smoke detection based on optical flow features and back-propagation neural networks 327

S. Dunkelmann Camera based fire detection: Synthetic video sequences for testing of detection algorithms 335

W. Hagedorn Very early fire detection and support of fire fighting by infrared video systems 343

H. Oberwalder Infrared Imaging Sensors for fire fighting applications - an overview 351

Poster Session

H. Berger Functional Integrity of Audible Emergency Evacuation, Signalling in the Case of Fire 359

N. Chen, T.W. Zhang, S.L. Yang Study on the smoke-penetration performance of grid suspended ceilings with low hollowing rate based on FDS 367

N. Chen, X.M. Ma, Z.B. Mei, W.H. Dong The experimental study on the test tunnel improvement of smoke fire detectors 371

S. Bernert-Feng, I. Willms Synthesizing and mixture of dynamic textures for the test of video fire detectors 379

N.N. Li, H.J. Ding, Z.B. Mei Study on detecting performance and installation position of point type smoke fire detector for grid ceiling 387

T. Schultze, R. Salman, I. Willms Microwave ellipsometry and its application in emergency scenarios 395

R. Tu, C.Y. Yu, X. Xiao, J. Fang, Y.M. Zhang Response of ordinary point-type fire smoke detectors in ISO fire tests under different ambient pressures 401

Miscellaneous papers

T. Cleary, J. Yang, D. Urban, G. Ruff, W. Sheredy, G. Mulholland, Z.G. Yuan Prediction of light scattering and ionization chamber sensor response to smolder smoke aerosols 409

N.D. Marsh, T.G. Cleary Testing the performance of hydrogen sensors 417