PROCEEDINGS OF THE

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

VOLUME 1 0 5 SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA

Covering Leg 105 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, St. John's, Newfoundland, to St. John's, Newfoundland, Sites 645-647,

23 August 1985-27 October 1985

,

in.

Surat P. Srivastava, Michael A. Arthur, Bradford Clement, Ali Aksu, Jack Baldauf, Gerhard Bohrmann, William Busch, Tommy Cederberg,

Michel Cremer, Kathleen Dadey, Anne De Vernal, John Firth, Frank Hall, Martin Head, Richard Hiscott, Rich Jarrard, Michael Kaminski,

David Lazarus, Anne-Lise Monjanel, Ole Bjorslev Nielsen, Ruediger Stein, Francois Thiebault, James Zachos, and Herman Zimmerman

Participating Scientists

Bradford Clement Shipboard Staff Scientist

Prepared by the OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

Sondra K. Stewart Volume Editor

in cooperation with the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

and JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS, INC.

This publication was prepared by the Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, as an account of work performed under the international Ocean Drilling Program, which is man­aged by Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foun­dation. Funding for the program was provided by the following agencies at the time of this cruise:

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Federal Republic of Germany)

Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (France)

National Science Foundation (United States) Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation, the participating agencies, Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., Texas A&M University, or Texas A&M Research Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of this volume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate: Srivastava, S. P., Arthur, M. A., Clement, B., et al., 1989. Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 105: Col­

lege Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program). Head, M. J., Norris, G., and Mudie, P. J., 1989. New species of dinocysts and a new species

of Acritarch from the upper Miocene and lowermost Pliocene, ODP Leg 105, Site 646, Labrador Sea. In Srivastava, S. P., Arthur, M. A., Clement, B., et al., Proc. ODP, Sci. Re­sults, 105: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 453-466.

Effective Publication Dates of ODP Proceedings According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date of publication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclature is the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, or when the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and individuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printed date, is the correct one.

The mailing dates of recent Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program are as follows:

Volume 117 (Initial Reports): May 1989 Volume 118 (Initial Reports): April 1989 Volume 119 (Initial Reports); August 1989 Volume 101/102 (Scientific Results): December 1988 Volume 103 (Scientific Results): December 1988 Volume 104 (Scientific Results): Printed October 1989

Distribution Copies of this publication may be obtained from Publications Distribution Center, Ocean Drilling Program, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, Texas 77840. Orders for copies will require advance payment. See current ODP publication list for price and availability of this publication.

Printed October 1989

ISSN 0884-5891

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984 ®~

Foreword By the National Science Foundation

The scientists of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) have embarked on what could prove to be one of the most important earth science initiatives of the decade—an initiative rivaling in scope and impact the exploration of the frontiers of outer space. The program explores our planet's last frontier—the Earth's structure and history as it is revealed beneath the oceans. The scope of the program's scientific goals excites the imagination, challenges the intellect, and enhances the spirit of cooperation among peoples in countries around the world.

Between 1872 and 1876, HMS Challenger undertook the world's first major oceanographic expedition. That expedition greatly expanded man's knowledge of the world's oceans and revolutionized our ideas about planet Earth. From 1968 to 1983, another ship named Challenger logged more than 375,000 miles on 96 voyages across every ocean for the Deep Sea Drilling Proj­ect (DSDP), operated by Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Among the project's many remarkable discoveries were the con­firmation of seafloor spreading and the establishment of the relative youth of the seafloor, thus verifying the dynamic and changing nature of the Earth's crust.

Today, the Ocean Drilling Program, which began in 1983, brings new resources to bear on scientific ocean drilling. A new drillship is in operation—the JOIDES Resolution—one of the world's most modern and best equipped drillships with enhanced capability for drilling and coring in polar areas and rough weath­er, expanded laboratory space, facilities for more scientists, and a major drill-hole logging program. The name of the ship was derived from the international scientific partnership that directs the program—the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES)—and from the flagship of Captain Cook's second voyage to the Pacific Ocean in the late 18th cen­tury. Texas A&M University is responsible for science operations in the program, and Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory is responsible for the logging program.

The Ocean Drilling Program truly has international partici­pation. In 1975, the International Phase of Ocean Drilling be­gan with member nations—the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., the Federal Re­public of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and France— all providing funds and scientific guidance for the project. Today, ODP partners include the U.S.A., Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the European Science Foundation, which represents Sweden, Finland, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, and Turkey.

The National Science Foundation, with funds contributed by the United States and international partners, supports the scien­tific operations and planning for the ODP through a contract with Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. (JOI).

The information gained by the program leads to a better un­derstanding of the Earth and its dynamic processes. Drilled sed­iment cores and logs reveal clues to past climatic history and tie into parallel studies of paleoclimates from glacial ice cores drilled on the continents. Understanding these sediment cores will enable scientists to complete the map of major geologically active regions of the Earth, and to identify processes that lead to dynamic change such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain and continental growth. We are far from being able to predict such changes accurately now; but with the new tools and understanding, the accuracy of such predictions can be improved. This better understanding of the Earth's system(s) will allow us to identify regions of potential mineral and energy resource de­velopment, an issue of worldwide human interest. The Ocean Drilling Program is not in itself aimed at finding resources, but the knowledge of the Earth's processes that is gained through such a basic research program will inevitably provide pieces of information required for such resource discovery and exploita­tion.

The program is fully under way in its aim to further the un­derstanding of the Earth's dynamic systems. People of our planet will benefit directly and indirectly from this research in both their daily living and work activities. This multinational en­deavor will perhaps foster other cooperative efforts in science or among societies. The Ocean Drilling Program has distinguished ancestors in the original Resolution and Challenger expeditions and the Deep Sea Drilling Project. The National Science Foun­dation is proud to be playing a leading role in this program, and we are looking forward to significant and innovative science for many years to come.

Erich Bloch Director National Science Foundation

Washington, D.C.

iii

Foreword By Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

This volume presents results from the Ocean Drilling Pro­gram (ODP), where scientists use a specially equipped ocean drilling ship to sample and measure the properties of the sub­merged part of the Earth's crust. These data are then synthe­sized with other information to yield new insights into earth processes.

These results address the scientific goals of the program, which include providing a global description of geological and geophysical structures and materials, studying in detail areas of major geophysical activity such as mid-ocean ridges and the as­sociated hydrothermal circulations, and studying passive and ac­tive continental margins. In addition, the ODP data support the study of sea-level and ocean-circulation changes, the effects of the Earth's orbital variations on climate, and the study of pro­cesses and mechanisms of evolution from the biological records in the cores which are recovered from drilling.

The Ocean Drilling Program is a partnership of scientists and governments. Overall scientific policy and management guid­ance is provided by Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES), which consists of committees and panels made up of representatives of the participating institu­tions and other scientific and engineering experts. The JOIDES Executive Committee (EXCOM) provides general oversight; the JOIDES Planning Committee (PCOM) is the focal point for all scientific planning for the ODP and is key to the scientific suc­cess of the program.

The PCOM has a network of panels and working groups which screen drilling proposals, evaluate instrumentation and measurement techniques, and assess geophysical survey data and other safety and siting information. PCOM uses the recommen­dations of these panels and committees to select drilling targets, to specify the major scientific objectives of each two-month drill­ing segment or leg, and to provide the science operator with nominations for co-chief scientists. The science operator, Texas A&M University, in turn is responsible for planning the detailed ship's operations, actual drilling schedules, and final scientific rosters, which are developed in close cooperation with PCOM and the cognizant panels.

Many of the scientific goals can be met only with new tech­nology. Thus the program has identified engineering goals, which include the ability to start a hole and to core on bare rock at mid-ocean ridge sites, to drill in high-temperature and corrosive regions typical of hydrothermal areas, and to core in high lati­tudes with minimum interference from high seas and sea ice. To meet these needs, the program operates a specially equipped drillship, the JOIDES Resolution, which contains laboratories and equipment that are state-of-the-art, and carries a major new logging program.

The ship, registered as SEDCO/BP 471 after her owners and her length in feet (144 meters), is 70 feet (21 meters) wide, and has a displacement of 16,595 long tons. Her derrick towers 200 feet (61 meters) above the waterline, and a computer-controlled dynamic-positioning system stabilizes the ship over a specific lo­cation while drilling in water depths up to 27,000 feet (8230 me­ters). The drilling system collects cores from beneath the sea­floor with a derrick and drawworks that can handle 30,000 feet (9144 meters) of drill pipe. More than 12,000 square feet (1115 square meters) of space distributed throughout the ship is de­voted to scientific laboratories and equipment. The ship sails

with a scientific and technical crew of 50 and a ship's crew of 65.

Logging is a major part of the overall operation. The pro­gram provides a full suite of geochemical and geophysical mea­surements for every hole deeper than 1300 feet (400 meters). For each such hole, there are lowerings of basic oil-industry tools: nuclear, sonic, and electrical. In addition, a borehole televiewer is available for imaging the well-bore wall, a 12-channel logging tool provides accurate velocity and elastic property measurements as well as sonic waveforms for spectral analysis of energy propa­gation near the well bore, and a vertical seismic profiler records reflectors from below the total depth of the hole.

Texas A&M University serves as science operator for the Ocean Drilling Program. In this capacity, they operate and staff the drillship to collect cores from JOIDES-designated sites from around the world. The science operator also ensures that ade­quate scientific analyses are performed on the cores by main­taining the shipboard scientific laboratories and by providing logistical and technical support for shipboard scientific teams. Onshore, Texas A&M manages scientific activities after each leg, is curator for the cores, distributes samples, and coordinates the editing and publication of the scientific results. Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO) of Columbia University man­ages the program's logging operations, which include processing the data and provision of assistance to scientists in data analy­sis. The ODP Data Bank, a repository for geophysical data, is also managed by LDGO. Core samples from ODP and the pre­vious Deep Sea Drilling Project are stored for future investiga­tion at three sites: ODP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at Texas A&M University, ODP and DSDP Atlantic and Antarctic cores at Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, and DSDP Pacific and Indian Ocean cores at Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

International oversight and coordination are provided by the ODP Council, a governmental consultative body of partner country representatives, chaired by the United States, which pe­riodically reviews the general progress of the program and dis­cusses financial plans and other management issues. Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc., a nonprofit consortium of U.S. oceanographic institutions, serves as the National Science Foundation's prime contractor and manages the ODP. JOI is re­sponsible for seeing that the scientific objectives and plans are translated into scientific operations consistent with JOIDES rec­ommendations and budgetary constraints.

Scientific achievements of the ODP already include new data on early seafloor spreading and how continents separate and their margins evolve. We have new insight into glacial cycles and the fluctuations of currents throughout geological time. Techni­cal achievements include the first bare-rock coring, and logging data more accurate and complete than ever before. JOI is pleased to have played a facilitating role in the Ocean Drilling Program.

D. James Baker President Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc.

Washington, D.C.

Preface

The Scientific Results volumes of the Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program contain specialty papers presenting the results of up to one and one-half years of research in various aspects of scientific ocean drilling. I acknowledge with thanks the authors of the papers pub­lished in this volume, who thereby have enabled future investigators to gain ready access to the results of their research.

Each of the papers submitted to a Scientific Results volume undergoes rigorous peer review by at least two specialists in the author's research field. A paper typically goes through one or more revision cycles before being accepted for publication. Our goal is to maintain a peer-re­view system comparable to those of the most highly regarded journals in the geological sci­ences.

Scientific Results volumes may also contain short reports consisting of good data that are not yet ready for final interpretation. Papers in this category are segregated in a section in the back of the volume called Data Reports. Although no interpretation is permitted, these pa­pers ordinarily contain a section on methodology or procedures. Data Report papers are read carefully by at least one specialist to make sure they are well organized, comprehensive, and discuss the techniques thoroughly. A paper that has undergone regular peer review is not eligi­ble for later consideration as a Data Report.

Reviewers of manuscripts for this volume, whose efforts are so essential to the success of the publication, are listed in the front portion of the book, without attribution to a particular manuscript. On behalf of the Ocean Drilling Program, I extend sincere appreciation to these reviewers for giving so generously of their time and efforts in ensuring that only papers of high scientific quality are published in the Proceedings.

Philip D. Rabinowitz Director Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University College Station, Texas

REVIEWERS FOR THIS VOLUME

Abbott, William Andrews, John T. Aubry, Marie-Pierre Barron, John Bennett, Richard Boranhold, Brian Bourrouilh, Robert Bralower, Timothy Brassell, Simon Burckle, Lloyd Burnett, William Bybell, Laurel Calvert, Steve Chough, Sung K. Christie, David Davis, Earl DuPlessy, Jean-Claude Edge, Martin Elthon, Donald Faas, Richard Fischer, Al Froelich, Philip Gombos, Andrew Hesse, Reinhard Janecky, David

Johnson, Thomas C. Jones, G. Jones, Glenn Karlin, Robert Keigwin, Lloyd Kellogg, Thomas Kennicutt, Mahlon C. Krissek, Lawrence Leckie, R. Mark Lee, Homa J. Loubere, Paul Lund, Steven Manum, Svein Mayer, Lawrence Mazzullo, James McDuff, Russ E. McNeil, D. Mead, Gregory Meyers, Philip Middleton, Gerard Miller, Hugh Miller, Kenneth Miskell-Gerhardt,K.J. Morin, Roger Muller, Carla

Murray, John Mwenifumbo, C. Jonathan Nigrini, Catherine Norris, Geoffrey O'Brien, Neal Okada, Hisatake Parker, Patrick Pedersen, Thomas F. Piper, David J.W. Raymo, Maureen Rogerson, Robert Ruddiman, William Savin, Samuel Schuler, Monique Stow, Dorrik A.V. Snyder, Scott Van Vleeet, Edward Von Herzen, Richard Warnke, Detlef Williams, Douglas Williams, Graham Woodside, John Worm, Horst

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES): University of California at San Diego, Scripps Institution of

Oceanography Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty Geological

Observatory University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and

Atmospheric Science Oregon State University, College of Oceanography University of Rhode Island, Graduate School of

Oceanography Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Geophysics University of Washington, College of Ocean and Fishery

Sciences Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Canada/Australia Consortium for the Ocean Drilling

Program, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada) and Department of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)

European Science Foundation Consortium for Ocean Drilling, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey

Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

France, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer

Japan, University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute United Kingdom, Natural Environment Research Council

PRIME CONTRACTOR Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. Washington, D.C. Thomas E. Pyle

Director, Ocean Drilling Programs

OPERATING INSTITUTION College of Geosciences Texas A&M University College Station, Texas Melvin Friedman, Principal Investigator

OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM Philip D. Rabinowitz

Director Louis E. Garrison

Deputy Director Sylvia Cecile DeVoge

Administrator Audrey W. Meyer, Manager

Science Operations Barry W. Harding, Manager

Engineering and Drilling Operations Russell B. Merrill, Curator and Manager

Science Services Robert E. Olivas, Manager

Technical and Logistics Support

LOGGING OPERATOR Borehole Research Group Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Palisades, New York Roger N. Anderson, Head

xi

PARTICIPANTS ABOARD JOIDES RESOLUTION FOR LEG 1 0 5

Surat P. Srivastava Co-Chief Scientist

Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic Geoscience Centre Box 1006, Dartmouth Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2 Canada

Michael A. Arthur Co-Chief Scientist

Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882

Bradford Clement Staff Scientist/Paleomagnetist

Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843

Ali Aksu Paleontologist (foraminifers)

Earth Sciences Department Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X5 Canada

Jack Baldauf Paleontologist (diatoms)

Ocean Drilling Program Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843

Gerhard Bohrmann Sedimentologist

Geologisches-Paldontologisches Institut und Museum Christian-Albrechts Universitdt Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40/60 D-2300 Kiel Federal Republic of Germany

William Busch Physical Properties Specialist

Department of Earth Sciences University of New Orleans New Orleans, Louisiana 70148

Tommy Cederberg Organic Geochemist

Geological Institute University of Copenhagen Oester Voldgade 10 DK-1350, Copenhagen Denmark

Michel Cremer Sedimentologist

Departement de Geologie et Oceanographie Universite de Bordeaux 1 Avenue des Facultes 33405 Talence France

Kathleen Dadey Physical Properties Specialist

Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882

Anne De Vernal Paleontologist (palynology)

Universite du Quebec a Montreal L.P. 8888, Succ "A" Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8 Canada

John Firth Paleontologist (nannofossils)

Department of Geology Florida State University Tallahassee, Florida 32306

Frank Hall Paleomagnetist

Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882

Martin Head Paleontologist (palynology)

Department of Geology University of Toronto 170 College Street Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1 Canada

Richard Hiscott Sedimentologist

Earth Sciences Department Memorial University St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X5 Canada

Rich Jarrard Logging Scientist

Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory Columbia University Palisades, New York 10964

Michael Kaminski Paleontologist (benthic foraminifers)

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

David Lazarus Paleontologist (radiolarians)

Department of Geology and Geophysics Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

xiii

Anne-Lise Monjanel Paleontologist (diatoms)

GIS Oceanologie et Geodynamique Universite de Bretagne Occidental 6, Avenue Le Gorgeu 29283 Brest Cedex France

James Zachos Inorganic Geochemist

Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882

Ole Bjorslev Nielsen Sedimentologist

Department of Geology Aarhus University DK-8000, Aarhus C Denmark

Herman Zimmerman Sedimentologist

Geology Department Union College Schenectady, New York 12308

Ruediger Stein Organic Geochemist

Institute of Petroleum and Organic Geochemistry KFA Jiilich P.O. Box 1913 5170 Jiilich Federal Republic of Germany

Francois Thiebault Sedimentologist

Sciences de la Terre Universite de Lille I 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex France

Captain Gerard Kuster Master of the Drilling Vessel

Underseas Drilling, Inc. 707 Texas Avenue South Suite 103 D College Station, Texas 77840-1917

Rod McQuaig Drilling Superintendent

Underseas Drilling, Inc. 707 Texas Avenue South Suite 103 D College Station, Texas 77840-1917

ODP ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS PERSONNEL Lamar Hayes Operations Superintendent Steve Dianaa Logger

ODP TECHNICAL AND LOGISTICS PERSONNEL Wendy Autio John Beck Larry Bernstein Dan Bontempo Randy Current Roy Davis Bettina Domeyer Tamara Frank Henrike Groschel Ted ("Gus") Gustafson Harry ("Skip") Hutton Jessy Jones Bradley Julson Dwight Mossman Mark ("Trapper") Neschleba Steve Prinz Frank Rack Vernon Rockwell John Weisbruch

Yeoperson Photographer Marine Technician Computer System Manager Electronics Technician Marine Technician Marine Technician Chemistry Technician Marine Technician Laboratory Officer Marine Technician Marine Technician Chemistry Technician Electronics Technician Marine Technician Curatorial Representative Marine Technician Weather Observer Marine Technician

Schlumberger Offshore Service Houston Offshore District 8460 Gulf Freeway Houston, Texas 77017

xiv

Ocean Drilling Program Publications Staff Publications Supervisor

William D. Rose

Chief Editor Norman J. Stewart

Editors . Eva M. Barbu Elsa Kapitan Mazzullo Sondra K. Stewart William R. Winkler

Chief Production Editor Raymond F. Silk

Publications Coordinator Lona Haskins Dearmont

Hole Summary Coordinator Laura J. Young

Publications Distribution Specialist Fabiola Mufioz Byrne

Senior Photographer John W. Beck

Photographer Roy T. Davis

Chief Illustrator Karen O. Benson

Illustrators Garnet D. Gaither Larry R. Lewis Pamela Vesterby Matt Zebrowski

Compositor Mary E. Betz

Production Assistants Susan S. Collinsworth Gigi Delgado Jaime A. Gracia Lisa Tirey

TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 105—SCIENTIFIC RESULTS

DEDICATION 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3

SECTION 1: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY

1. TEXTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF NEOGENE-QUATERNARY SEDI­MENTS, ODP SITES 645 AND 646, BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA 7 M. Cremer

2. MORPHOLOGY AND SURFACE TEXTURE OF QUARTZ GRAINS FROM ODP SITE 645, BAFFIN BAY 21 M. Cremer and P. Legigan

3. PROVENANCE AND DISPERSAL PATTERNS, PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE SEC­TION AT SITE 645, BAFFIN BAY 31 R. N. Hiscott, A. E. Aksu, and O. B. Nielsen

4. EVIDENCE FROM SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES FOR PROCESSES OF SEDI­MENT TRANSPORT AND DEPOSITION DURING POST-MIOCENE TIME AT SITES 645, 646, AND 647, BAFFIN BAY AND THE LABRADOR SEA 53 R. N. Hiscott, M. Cremer, and A. E. Aksu

5. PROVENANCE OF DROPSTONES IN BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA, LEG 105 65 J. A. Korstgard and O. B. Nielsen

6. ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTARY FACIES AND CLAY MINERALOGY OF THE NEOGENE-QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS IN ODP SITE 646, LABRADOR SEA 71 M. Cremer, N. Maillet, and C. Latouche

7. ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTARY FACIES, CLAY MINERALOGY, AND GEOCHEM­ISTRY OF THE NEOGENE-QUATERNARY SEDIMENTS IN ODP SITE 645, BAF­FIN BAY 83 F. Thiebault, M. Cremer, P. Debrabant, J. Foulon, O. B. Nielsen, and H. Zimmerman

8. ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTARY FACIES, CLAY MINERALOGY, AND GEOCHEM­ISTRY OF THE PALEOGENE SEDIMENTS OF SITE 647, LABRADOR SEA 101 O. B. Nielsen, M. Cremer, R. Stein, F. Thiebault, and H. Zimmerman

9. GEOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF EARLY DIAGENESIS IN MIDDLE EOCENE-LOWER OLIGOCENE PELAGIC SEDIMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN LABRADOR SEA, SITE 647, ODP LEG 105 111 M. A. Arthur, W. E. Dean, J. C. Zachos, M. Kaminski, S. Hagerty Reig, and K. Elmstrom

10. DIAGENESIS IN EOCENE CLAYSTONES, ODP SITE 647, LABRADOR SEA: FORMATION OF COMPLEX AUTHIGENIC CARBONATES, SMECTITES, AND APATITE 137 G. Bohrmann and J. Thiede

11. BIOGENIC SILICA AT ODP SITE 647 IN THE SOUTHERN LABRADOR SEA: OCCURRENCE, DIAGENESIS, AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS 155 G. Bohrmann and R. Stein

12. INTERSTITIAL-WATER CHEMISTRY OF LEG 105 SITES 645, 646, AND 647, BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA 171 J. C. Zachos and T. Cederberg

xvii

13. QUANTITY, PROVENANCE, AND MATURITY OF ORGANIC MATTER AT ODP SITES 645, 646, AND 647: IMPLICATIONS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF PALEO-ENVIRONMENTS IN BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA DURING TERTIARY AND QUATERNARY TIME 185 R. Stein, R. Littke, R. Stax, and D. H. Welte

14. STABLE ISOTOPE ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTS FROM THE LABRADOR SEA (SITES 646 AND 647) AND BAFFIN BAY (SITE 645), ODP LEG 105 209 S. A. Macko

15. OLEANENE, URSENE, AND OTHER TERRIGENOUS TRITERPENOID BIOLOG­ICAL-MARKER HYDROCARBONS IN BAFFIN BAY SEDIMENTS 233 H. Lo ten Haven and J. Rullkotter

SECTION 2: STRATIGRAPHY-MICROPALEONTOLOGY

16. NEOGENE CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROM ODP LEG 105: IMPLICA­TIONS FOR PLEISTOCENE PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC TRENDS 245 S. Kniittel, M. D. Russell, Jr., and J. V. Firth

17. EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSILS FROM THE LAB­RADOR SEA, ODP LEG 105 263 J. V. Firth

18. NEOGENE AND QUATERNARY PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFER BIOSTRATIG­RAPHY AND BIOCHRONOLOGY IN BAFFIN BAY AND THE LABRADOR SEA 287 A. E. Aksu and M. A. Kaminski

19. MIOCENE TO HOLOCENE DIATOM BIOSTRATIGRAPHY FROM BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA, OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM SITES 645 AND 646 305 A.-L. Monjanel and J. G. Baldauf

20. AN OLIGOCENE DIATOM BIOSTRATIGRAPHY FOR THE LABRADOR SEA: DSDP SITE 112 AND ODP HOLE 647A 323 J. G. Baldauf and A.-L. Monjanel

21. OLIGOCENE AND NEOGENE RADIOLARIANS FROM THE LABRADOR SEA: ODP LEG 105 349 D. Lazarus and A. Pallant

22. BOLBOFORMA FROM LEG 105, LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY, AND THE CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHY OF BOLBOFORMA IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC 381 A. Pallant and M. Kaminski

23. LATE PLIOCENE TO HOLOCENE PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY AT ODP SITE 645, BAFFIN BAY 387 A. de Vernal and P. J. Mudie

24. PLIOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHY AT ODP SITES 646 AND 647, EASTERN AND SOUTHERN LABRADOR SEA 401 A. de Vernal and P. J. Mudie

25. PALYNOLOGY AND DINOCYST STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER MIOCENE AND LOWERMOST PLIOCENE, ODP LEG 105, SITE 646, LABRADOR SEA 423 M. J. Head, G. Norris, and P. J. Mudie

26. NEW SPECIES OF DINOCYSTS AND A NEW SPECIES OF ACRITARCH FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE AND LOWERMOST PLIOCENE, ODP LEG 105, SITE 646, LABRADOR SEA 453 M. J. Head, G. Norris, and P. J. Mudie

27. PALYNOLOGY AND DINOCYST STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MIOCENE IN ODP LEG 105, HOLE 645E, BAFFIN BAY 467 M. J. Head, G. Norris, and P. J. Mudie

28. PALYNOLOGY AND DINOCYST STRATIGRAPHY OF THE EOCENE AND OLI­GOCENE IN ODP LEG 105, HOLE 647A, LABRADOR SEA 515 M. J. Head and G. Norris

29. THORIUM AND URANIUM ISOTOPES IN UPPER PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS OF ODP SITES 645 (BAFFIN BAY), 646, AND 647 (LABRADOR SEA) 551 C. Causse and C. Hillaire-Marcel

30. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY, BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, AND STABLE ISOTOPE STRA­TIGRAPHY OF CORES FROM ODP LEG 105 SITE SURVEYS, LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY 561 D. B. Scott, P. J. Mudie, A. de Vernal, C. Hillaire-Marcel, V. Baki, K. D. MacKinnon, F. S. Medioli, and L. Mayer

31. THE MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY OF OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 105 SEDIMENTS 583

B. M. Clement, F. J. Hall, and R. D. Jarrard

SECTION 3: PALEOCEANOGRAPHY

32. HIGH-RESOLUTION ISOTOPIC AND MICROPALEONTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPPER PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS AT ODP SITE 645, BAFFIN BAY 599 C. Hillaire-Marcel, A. de Vernal, A. E. Aksu, and S. Macko

33. HIGH-RESOLUTION FORAMINIFER, PALYNOLOGIC, AND STABLE ISOTOPIC RECORDS OF UPPER PLEISTOCENE SEDIMENTS FROM THE LABRADOR SEA: PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC TRENDS 617 A. E. Aksu, A. de Vernal, and P. J. Mudie

34. MIDDLE TO LATE QUATERNARY SEDIMENT FLUXES IN THE LABRADOR SEA. ODP LEG 105, SITE 646: A SYNTHESIS OF ROCK-MAGNETIC, OXYGEN-ISOTOPIC, CARBONATE, AND PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL DATA 653 F. R. Hall, J. Bloemendal, J. W. King, M. A. Arthur, and A. E. Aksu

35. UPPER MIOCENE TO HOLOCENE OXYGEN AND CARBON ISOTOPIC STRA­TIGRAPHY OF SITES 646 AND 647, LABRADOR SEA 689 A. E. Aksu and C. Hillaire-Marcel

36. PALEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFER BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEO-ECOLOGY AT SITE 647, SOUTHERN LABRADOR SEA 705 M. A. Kaminski, F. M. Gradstein, and W. A. Berggren

37. NEOGENE BENTHIC FORAMINIFER BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND DEEP-WATER HISTORY OF SITES 645, 646, AND 647, BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA 731 M. A. Kaminski, F. M. Gradstein, D. B. Scott, and K. D. Mackinnon

38. MILANKOVITCH PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC CYCLES IN GEOPHYSICAL LOGS FROM ODP LEG 105, LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY 757 R. D. Jarrard and M. A. Arthur

SECTION 4: PHYSICAL AND ROCK-MAGNETIC PROPERTIES

39. THE ORIGIN OF SMALL-SCALE BULK DENSITY ANOMALIES IN MIOCENE SEDIMENTS AT ODP SITE 645, BAFFIN BAY 775 W. H. Busch

40. PATTERNS OF SEDIMENT COMPACTION AT OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM SITES 645, 646, AND 647, BAFFIN BAY AND LABRADOR SEA 781 W H. Busch

xix

41. CONSOLIDATION AND STRENGTH OF PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE SEDI­MENTS FROM SITES 646 AND 647, ODP LEG 105 . . 791 K. A. Dadey and A. J. Silva

42. INVESTIGATION OF SEDIMENT MICROSTRUCTURE AT SITES 646 AND 647, OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 105 797 K. A. Dadey

43. VELOCITY AND DENSITY OF SEDIMENTS OF EIRIK RIDGE, LABRADOR SEA: CONTROL BY POROSITY AND MINERALOGY 811 R. D. Jarrard, K. A. Dadey, and W. H. Busch

44. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIATIONS IN ROCK-MAGNETIC PROPER­TIES AND GRAIN SIZE OF SEDIMENTS FROM ODP HOLE 645C 837 F. R. Hall, W. H. Busch, and J. W. King

45. ROCK-MAGNETIC STRATIGRAPHY OF SITE 645 (BAFFIN BAY) FROM ODP LEG 105 843 F. R. Hall and J. W. King

SECTION 5: PETROLOGY AND RADIOMETRIC AGES OF BASALT

46. PETROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF BASALTS FROM ODP LEG 105, HOLE 647A, LABRADOR SEA AND THE DAVIS STRAIT AREA 863 D. B. Clarke, B. I. Cameron, G. K. Muecke, and J. L. Bates

47. K-AR DATING OF BASALTS FROM SITE 647, OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 105 885 J. C. Roddick

SECTION 6: GEOPHYSICS

48. RESULTS OF DETAILED GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL MEASURE­MENTS AT ODP SITES 645 IN BAFFIN BAY AND 646 AND 647 IN THE LABRA­DOR SEA 891 S. P. Srivastava, K. E. Loudin, S. Chough, D. Mosher, B. D. Loncarevic, P. J. Mudie, A. de Vernal, and B. MacLean

49. HEAT-FLOW MEASUREMENTS AT HOLE 646A 923

K. E. Louden, K. A. Dadey, and S. P. Srivastava

SECTION 7: SYNTHESIS

50. MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHIC AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHIC SYNTHESIS OF OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 105: LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY 935 J. G. Baldauf, B. G. Clement, A. E. Aksu, A. de Vernal, J. V. Firth, F. Hall, M. J. Head, R. D. Jarrard, M. A. Kaminski, D. Lazarus, A.-L. Monjanel, W. A. Berggren, F. E. Gradstein, S. Knuttel, P. J. Mudie, and M. D. Russell

51. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF DEEP CIRCULATION AND SEDI­MENT DRIFT DEVELOPMENT IN BAFFIN BAY AND THE LABRADOR SEA 957 M. A. Arthur, S. P. Srivastava, M. Kaminski, R. Jarrard, and J. Osier

52. TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE LABRADOR SEA AND BAFFIN BAY: CON­STRAINTS IMPOSED BY REGIONAL GEOPHYSICS AND DRILLING RESULTS FROM LEG 105 989 S. P. Srivastava and M. A. Arthur

SECTION 8: POLICY

JOIDES ADVISORY GROUPS 1013

SAMPLE-DISTRIBUTION POLICY 1017

SECTION 9: INDEX

INDEX 1021

BACK POCKET FOLDOUTS

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS: VOLUME 105: CHAPTER 28: TABLE 3. STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED MARINE PALYNOMORPH SPECIES RECORDED IN THE PALEOGENE OF HOLE 647A, ARRANGED ACCORDING TO ASCENDING RANGE BASES (A) AND ASCENDING RANGE TOPS (B).

SCIENTIFIC RESULTS: VOLUME 105: CHAPTER 30: TABLE 3. PERCENTAGE OCCURRENCES OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERS IN LABRADOR SEA CORE 84-030-01 TWC AND PC (X< 1%).

DEDICATION The scientific party of ODP Leg 105 dedicates this volume of scientific drilling results to Lamar Hayes,

the man who was, in large part, responsible for the success of drilling and sediment recovery during Leg 105 under extremely adverse conditions. To the great sorrow of the drilling community, Lamar died of a massive heart attack during Leg 120 in the high-latitude Indian Ocean on March 27, 1988. Lamar passed away while performing his usual technical miracles for the program at sea aboard the JOIDES Resolution. While at sea during Leg 105, Lamar was a constant source of inspiration and consolation to many of us. An early morning coffee and discussion of the latest drilling and/or weather conditions with Lamar was often the high point of a day. Lamar was always concerned with the satisfaction of the scientists—worry­ing as to how to increase core recovery, optimize time for logging, solve technical problems, and the like. But his concern went far beyond the duties associated with his position as Drilling Superintendent. Many of us, at one time or another, sought his counsel regarding problems at home or simply sat and discussed college football scores that came in over the radio, basked in the glow of his likeable manner, and chortled at his droll humor. Lamar also watched for signs of trouble in interpersonal relationships that commonly come up during 60-day stints at sea and attempted to head off such problems early. His constant monitor­ing of and comments on the quality of food served on the ship is well known. He seemed to feel that this is the single most important feature of life at sea, setting the tone for all else on the cruise.

Lamar did everything possible to help us to achieve our scientific objectives. One of his major accom­plishments during Leg 105 was the development of a method for using the Advanced Piston Corer at high sea states in conjunction with the Heave Compensator and the coring winch. The main problem was to keep the sand line taut, which he did by adjusting the variac—maintaining tension on the coring line throughout the 6- to 8-ft vertical heave by adjusting the winch controls to hoist and holding them in a "stalled" position. Without this ingenious approach, we probably would not have obtained the high-qual­ity APC cores for the upper part of the Eirik Ridge sequence at Site 646 or would have lost logging and/or deeper objectives because of the need to use the APC at the end of drilling at this site.

Lamar Hayes was an exceptional person, and he and his attention to our needs will be sorely missed in the drilling program. Perhaps somewhere up above, Lamar is plotting how to modify the weather to allow ease of drilling and recovery at high latitudes.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Drilling in the high latitudes beyond the Arctic Circle has long

been of high priority in the Joint Oceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sampling (JOIDES) drilling program. Leg 105 of the Ocean Drilling Program was designed to approach this objective and was devoted to drilling in the ice-infested waters of Baffin Bay and the storm-ridden region of the Labrador Sea. The leg originated as a result of numerous discussions and presentations to various JOIDES advisory panels by the Labrador Sea working group, who were the main proponents for drilling in these regions. We are grateful to the members of this working group, particularly to Felix Gradstein, Lu­bomir Jansa, Ken Miller, Al Grant, Peta Mudie, and John Pierce for their contributions toward fulfilling the drilling objectives.

The success of Leg 105 stems largely from the detailed seismic survey conducted in the Labrador Sea from the Hudson by the Geo­logical Survey of Canada before the ODP cruise and the availability of Petro-Canada's multichannel seismic data for the Baffin Bay re­gion, which helped us to establish priorities, choose scientific objec­tives, and establish the seismostratigraphy of these two regions, as well as to reassess the results of earlier Labrador Sea drilling in light of these data. We are thankful to these organizations for their help, and especially to Captain Fred Maugher and the crew of the Hudson.

We also acknowledge the assistance rendered by the Canadian Department of the Environment in providing ice-forecasting infor­mation before and during the cruise.

Ultimately, the success of Leg 105 owes much to the ingenuity and resourcefulness of Operations Superintendent Lamar Hayes and his associates who, with the aid of a capable SEDCO drilling crew, did a superb job in helping us achieve high core recovery during ex­tremely adverse weather conditions. We are grateful to the ODP technical staff, without whose help we would not have achieved as much as we did. They did a fine job under the able guidance of Lab­oratory Officer Ted (Gus) Gustafson. At sea, Captain Gerard T Kuster and his crew did a superb job keeping the ship on station in winds of up to 50 kt and in seas with 30-ft swells. We thank them for their great skill and for their help.

Our special thanks go to Brad Clement, the ODP staff scientist who ably organized and helped to run the cruise and who diligently processed and reviewed manuscripts for scientific content and ex­pression. We also acknowledge the many reviewers of the original manuscripts, who provided scientific guidance. We are indebted to Sondra Stewart of ODP for her considerable editorial efforts and for her attempts to keep this volume on track. The help of Ray Silk, Su­san Collinsworth, and Grace Riggan, ODP production staff, in pre­paring this volume for press is gratefully acknowledged.

We owe a great debt to many of our colleagues for their help and discussions, which contributed much to the success of this leg and to this volume. S. P. Srivastava wishes to thank the Geological Survey of Canada for supporting his participation in this leg and in the studies that followed the cruise. The U.S. workers also acknowledge grant assistance provided by JOI-USSAC that enabled them to com­plete the shore-based research reported herein.