PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH NATIONAL FIJI MULTI …

Proceedings of the 4th National Fiji multi-stakeholder consultations, Namosi Provincial House, Navua, 9th December 2003Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH NATIONAL FIJI MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Namosi Provincial House, Navua 9th December 2003
EU-SOPAC Project: Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Proceedings of 4th National Fiji Multi-Stakeholder Consultations
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Compilers:
June 2004
IMPORTANT NOTICE
This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community; however, the views expressed herein must never be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community.
For more copies of this report, apply to the SOPAC Secretariat at the address below:
SOUTH PACIFIC APPLIED GEOSCIENCE COMMISION c/o SOPAC Secretariat
Private Mail Bag GPO, Suva
FIJI ISLANDS http://www.sopac.org
[email protected]
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CONTENTS
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RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS 1. Opening The 4th Fiji Multi-Stakeholder meeting was held at the Namosi Provincial House in Navua, 09th December 2003. Participants included Government and representatives or headmen from communities and villages from the province of Namosi and Serua (see Appendix A). Invitations were also issued to the Private Sector, including relevant stakeholders such as Navua Rural Local Authority, Fiji Hardwood and the local Aggregate extraction companies, but unfortunately no representatives attended during the day. Viliame Baleivanualala of the Mineral Resources Department called the meeting to order.
2. Setting the Scene – SOPAC EU Project Regional Perspective
Stephen Booth, Project Leader, SOPAC/EU Project Leader The presentation (Appendix C) provided an overview of the purpose of the Project, its background and status to those that were participating in the discussions for the first time. The implementation of the Project regionally was also discussed. The concept of integrated data sets was introduced and demonstrated through examples on how datasets could be linked and analysed from various organisation. An update of the various specific activities in Fiji was also presented and covered:
• Mapping of offshore area of entire coast of southern Viti Levu completed. • 5 Geographic Information System/Remote Sensing (GIS/RS) training courses held for 26
participants. • IKONOS satellite imagery ordered for Navua and Sigatoka River Catchment • Fellowship awarded. • Suva-Navua hazard assessment in progress.
Illustration 1: Map showing the Participating Villages of the 4th Stakeholder Consultations
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3. SOPAC EU Project Fiji update Viliame Baleivanualala, Principal Scientific Officer, Mineral Resources Department. The presentation (Appendix D) included the various criteria that were used in selecting the southern coast of Viti Levu as the project site. Since the 3rd Stakeholders Meeting the Work Plan has been reviewed and amended. The tectonic mapping of Suva to Yarawa has been completed. There were also various meetings that were held as a build up to the Navua 4th Stakeholder Meeting. The objectives of this meeting were also presented and includes: • Introduce Project to community level • Secure support and active participation of rural communities. • Participants to identify problems faced in terms water, natural hazards, and aggregates. • Determine clusters of problems and interests in zones. • Prioritise and identify pilot project sites in the Navua River catchment area. 4. Presentations 4.1 Imagery
Jeremaiya Taganesia, Senior Scientific Officer, Mineral Resources Department The presentation (Appendix E) discussed the IKONOS imagery which has been purchased for the entire Project area including the upper catchment areas. The presentation covered the different types of images used and their applications including image backdrop and coastal change detection analyses. The different backdrops used include IKONOS satellite imagery at 4 m resolution and scanned 1:50,000 Fiji Map Series Topographic Maps. The images are geometrically rectified before importing into a GIS. The concept of image backdrops was also explained and an illustration of it shown. 4.2 Swath mapping
Luna Wong, Offshore Geologist, Mineral Resources Department The presentation (Appendix F) discussed the mapping of the coastal and ocean areas in Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Kiribati and Vanuatu. To assist in the coastal and seabed mapping process, a 'state of the art' seabed system called a Multi-Beam Swathmapper was bought. The presentation covered how the swathmapper is being used in the Project, particularly for the three focal areas: hazard mitigation and risk assessment; aggregates for construction; and water resources supply and sanitation. For finding alternative sources of aggregates, there was an offshore mapping exercise from Naselai to Momi and results of this were discussed. The various application of the data gathered in the swath mapping includes providing detailed charts of ocean and coastal waters and this has enabled the identification of the three potential ports to ship copper concentrates from the proposed Namosi Copper Mine: Mahaffy Reef, Matainimali Reef and Naqara Island. In addition, the water circulation models from the swath mapping could identify the path of the waste material from the Namosi Copper Mine - mine tailings, discharged through a submarine outfall into the Beqa lagoon and also its effects on the nearby biological communities and marine environment. In turn, the data gathered could assist in finding alternative ways in discharging the mine tailings that could have minimum effect on the surrounding environment. Applications of the swath mapping data also includes providing seabed maps that help in the identification of areas of geological instability that pose potential hazards.
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4.3 Landslides in the Navua Catchment Akosita Lewai, GIS Officer, Forestry Department (Appendix G)
The presentation (Appendix G) noted that some of the stakeholders of the Project are also already focusing on the same 3 areas of interest of the Project as shown in their current and future planned activities. The project can and has linked these different activities together to enable a joint effort. An example of this is the Department of Forestry’s project on Landslides Assessment on the Navua Catchment. It focuses mainly on identifying landslide prone areas by means of GIS and RS techniques. This project could then transfer and apply this model to the rest of Fiji for the purpose of improving land use and forest planning with regards to landslides risks. This presentation also discussed the reasons why the catchment was chosen as its project site. Navua Catchment contains a vast area of mahogany plantation and therefore will be the area of extensive mahogany forest harvesting. It is also an area of extensive logging. The project could then produce rectified and geo-referenced aerial photographs for the Navua catchment, a landslide inventory of the Navua Catchment, and a detailed description of selected landslide types. 4.4 Aggregates in Fiji
Akuila Tawake, Aggregate Geologist, SOPAC The different sources of aggregates in Fiji include river excavation and dredging, beach sand mining and hard rock quarrying of volcanic and/or plutonic rocks were discussed. The Navua River Catchment is one of the major suppliers of aggregates in south-eastern Viti Levu including Suva. However, over-exploitation of this resource would bring about erosion, more siltation and changes in sediment transport and water flow direction, which would be detrimental to the river system and the environment. Aggregates have a wide range of application such as construction of buildings, manufacture of cement, coastal defences and road surfacing in Fiji. The presentation highlighted the importance of finding other potential terrestrial aggregate sites in order to avoid the exhaustion of the current active sites. It is advisable that river gravel extraction in the lower Navua River Catchment is to be reduced to a more sustainable level. To compensate for this, potential hard rock sources should be assessed as an alternative source of aggregates along the Serua – Suva corridor . 5. Breakout into Functional Areas to Review and to Gather Information Following the presentations the participants were requested to reorganise themselves into three syndicates, each dealing with a separate Project area: Water and Sanitation; Aggregates and; Hazard and Risk to discuss their expectations of the Project in the particular interest area and get feedback on issues faced in their communities. Each group appointed a spokesperson to present the outcomes of their discussions. A participant from Namuamua raised the issue of how gravel extraction by the three companies has greatly affected the river water level. The question raised is of whether there is a guideline for the issuing of permits for gravel extraction. There have been requests by the villagers for a review, however nothing has been done. The villagers have approached the Bose ni Yasana to address the problem. Other problems identified by the participants included landslides, timber waste being dumped into the river resulting in the loss of some fisheries and the contamination of drinking water after the occurrences of landslides. This session then lead onto a second round of discussions where specific issues were discussed. The outcomes of these discussions are detailed in Appendix B and summarized in the Pie Charts (Chart 1.0 – 1.4) below and show the main water supply for the 34 villages, their various water problems, problems caused by dredging and the various hazards that they face. Out of the thirty- four villages, 24 villages reported their source of water as being from a tributary of the Navua Catchment. The Navua Water Supply provides for the villages of Dranikula and Wainiyabia. A major problem faced by most villages is the supply of contaminated water during very high rainfall. This is due to the water pipes being clogged with mud and debris. Other water problems include very low water pressure and water cuts during dry spells. The increase in number of the villagers which in turn leads to greater water demand is a cause of the very low water pressure as
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being reported by thirteen villages. Wainimakutu and Saliadrau reported no water problems. A major problem caused by the dredging of gravel in the Navua Catchment is the decrease in the river's water level and how it has affected the normal flow of the tributaries of the Navua River. Landslides are a major hazard in the area as reported by twenty villages, 8 from Namosi, 4 from Serua, 7 from Nuku, and 1 from Nakavika of tikina Wainikororoisa. Four villages from Serua raised the issue of the depletion of marine resources as a major problem in their area whereas the representatives from Culanuku, Naboutini, and Wainimakutu were concerned with beach erosion and the degradation of their coastline. tables below.
Chart 1.0: Out of the thirty-four villages, 24 villages reported their source of water as being from a tributary of the Navua Catchment. The Navua Water Supply provides for the villages of Dranikula and Wainiyabia.
Chart 1.1: A major problem faced by most villages is the supply of contaminated water during very high rainfall. This is
due to the water pipes being clogged with mud and debris. Other water problems include very low water pressure and water cuts during dry spells. The increase in number of the villagers which in turn leads to greater water demand is perceived to be a cause of the very low water pressure as being reported by the thirteen villages. Wainimakutu and Saliadrau reported no water problems.
92.86%
7.14%
Pie chart showing the percentages of the sources of water for the villages
Own catchment navua water supply
Low water pressure due to high demand
Water Cuts on dry spells
Water Contam- ination due to logging activi-
Water pipes broken during flooding
Water clogged with dirt during very high rain-
Difficulty in paying water bills
Water Contam- ination from a newly con-
0 250 500 750
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3138
2939
1455
420
2321
Nature of Problem
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Chart 1.2: Gravel dredged from the river is a major source of aggregates. Out of the 20 villages that reported their
sources of aggregates, 16 villages reported it to be from river gravel and 4 villages reported it to be form beach sand.
hart 1.3 Chart 1.3 A major problem perceived to be caused by the dredging of gravel in the Navua Catchment is the decrease
in the river's water level and how it has affected the normal flow of the tributaries of the Navua River.
80.00%
20.00%
Pie chart showing the percentages of the sources of aggregates for the villages
Gravel from river Sand from the beach
Decrease in river's water level, river becomes shallow
Beach and river bank erosion and degradation of coastline
0 50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
645
767 Graph Showing Problem Caused By Gravel Extraction vs The Affected Population
Nature of Problem
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Chart 1.4: Landslides are a major hazard in the area as reported by twenty villages, 8 from Namosi, 4 from Serua, 7
from Nuku, and 1 from Nakavika of tikina Wainikororoisa. Four villages from Serua raised the issue of the depletion of marine resources as a major problem in their area whereas the representatives from Culanuku, Naboutini, and Wainimakutu were concerned with beach erosion and the degradation of their coastline.
Landslides Depletion of marine resources
Flooding during very high tide
Tidal Waves 0
250 500 750
1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3309
2511
1682
377
Nature of Hazard
ed
Table 1 below shows the various problems and risks that the communities identified within the three project sectors. These issues were then prioritised based on the following criteria:
• the total number of villages affected, and • the population affected. For each problem, possible tasks were then identified and will be incorporated into the Fiji Work Plan. Table 1. Table showing the community priority issues and implementation priorities in the Project target sectors. 1. WATER Nature of Problem No. of Villages facing the problem Total population affected by
problem Priority (Low, Medium, High)
Possible Tasks for Incorporation into the Fiji Work Plan
Low water pressure due to high demand or during dry season.
10 from Namosi Namosi, Navunikabi, Nasogo, Wainilotulevu, Nuku Primary School, Narukunibua, Burotu, Veivatuloa-Veivatuloa, Mau, Nabukavesi 5 from Serua Wainidiro, Naboutini, Culanuku,
Total – 3138 Namosi (2508) Namosi (549), Navunikabi (371), Wainilotulevu (150) Veivatuloa (377) Mau (381), Nabukavesi (680) Serua (630) Wainidiro (139), Naboutini (345), Culanuku (146)
High Survey a selection of representative villages to review common supply & demand factors & determine potential improvements in storage and distribution.
Difficulty in paying water bills Serua Wainiyabia
Serua (154) Wainiyabia (154)
Low Community awareness programme to review water use practices and propose conservation techniques as appropriate.
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Water cuts due to source drying up during dry spells
11 from Namosi Namosi village - Pri/Sec Sch, Nasogo Wainilotulevu, Nuku Pri Sch Navunikabi, Veivatuloa-Veivatuloa, Mau, Nabukavesi Narukunibua 2from Serua Wainidiro, Culanuku
Total – 2939 Namosi (2654) Namosi (549), Nasogo (48) , Wainilotulevu (150), Navunikabi ( 371), Veivatuloa (377) Mau (381), Nabukavesi (680) , Narukunibua (98) Serua (285) Wainidiro (139), Culanuku (146)
High Survey a selection of representative villages to review security of existing source(s), storage requirements, identify potential alternatives and introduce demand management concepts.
Water contamination due to logging activities
5 from Namosi Naqarawai Namuamua Navunibau Nasigatoka 1 from Serua Galoa, Namasimasi
Total – 1455 Namosi (960) Naqarawai (330),Namuamua (420), Navunibau ( 140) Nasigatoka (70) Serua (495) Galoa (299), Namasimasi ( 196)
Medium Initial selective survey to identify true nature, scale & frequency of contamination. Review potential mitigation options with logging companies.
Water contamination from a newly constructed road
Namosi Naqarawai Serua Wainidiro
Total – 469 Namosi (330) Naqarawai (330) Serua (139) Wainidiro (139)
Low Investigate potential for relocation of source upstream of new road (or diversion of road drainage downstream of source). Review situation with PWD Roads Dept
Water pipes broken during flooding
Namosi Namosi Primary School Namuamua
Namosi (420) Namuamua (420)
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7 from Namosi. Namuamua, Navunibau, Namasimasi, Nasigatoka Navunikabi Naqarawai Narukunibua 7 from Serua Dranikula, Waibogi, Culanuku, Galoa, Yanuca, Sabata, Qarasarau
Total – 2321 Namosi (1184) Namuamua (420), Navunibau ( 140), Namasimasi (196) Naqarawai (330) Narukunibua (98) Serua (1137) Dranikula (210), Waibogi (105), Culanuku (146), Galoa (299), Yanuca (286), Sabata (28) Qarasarau (63)
High Survey a selection of representative villages to review source intake-structure design and maintenance practices and make recommendations as appropriate.
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2. AGGREGATES Nature of Problem No. of villages facing the problem Total population affected by the
problem Priority (Low, Medium, High)
Possible Tasks for Incorporation into the Fiji Work Plan
Decrease in river's water level, river becomes shallow.
1 from Namosi Wainimakutu 6 from Serua Waibogi, Wainidiro, Sauniveiuto, NasavSadro
645 Namosi Wainimakutu (276) Serua. (369) Waibogi (105) Wainidiro (139) Sadro (125)
Medium A survey has to be carried out to ascertain the aggregate extraction sites, methods and production rate. This may directly or indirectly affect the water level and flow direction. Excessive accumulation of sediment may also be responsible for decreasing river depth.
Beach and river bank erosion and degradation of coastline
1 from Namosi Wainimakutu 2 from Serua Culanuku Naboutini
767 Namosi (276) Wainimakutu (276) Serua (491) Culanuku (146), Naboutini (345)
High A site survey is essential to assess the severity of coastal erosion in this area. After assessing what causes this, a coastal management and monitoring system will then be developed in conjunction with training and awareness programs.
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3. HAZARDS Nature of Problem No. of villages facing the problem Total population affected by the
problem Priority (Low, Medium, High) Possible Tasks for Incorporation
into the Fiji Work Plan. Landslides 12 from Namosi
Nakavika tik. Wainikororoisa Namosi - Pri/ Sec Sch Namuamua Narukunibua Nasigatoka Nasogo Navunibau Navunikabi Wainilotulevu, Nuku Pri Sch 8 from Serua Galoa, Namasimasi Qarasarau Sabata Waibogi Wainidiro Wainimakutu Yanuca
Total – 3309 Namosi (2108) Nakavika (262), Namosi ( 549), Namuamua (420) Narukunibua (98) Nasigatoka (70), Nasogo (48), Navinibau (140), Navunikabi (371), Wainilotulevu (150) Serua (1201) Galoa (299), Namasimasi (196), Waibogi (105), Wainidiro (139), Wainimakutu (276), Yanuca (286)
High Landslides are an issue being intensively addressed by the Project, with special emphasis on the villages identified in the stakeholder meeting A landslide inventory and hazard map will be produced for the areas identified and advice given on planned village development projects where landslides or slope stability are a potential hazard. The Project will focus mainly on the Navua catchment, but advice could be provided on the basis of transfer of findings and existing data to the coastal catchment communities
Depletion of marine resources
4 from Namosi Veivatuloa Mau Nabukavesi Nakavika 5 from Serua Dranikula Wainiyabia Nakorovou of tikina Batiwai Waibogi Wainidiro
Total – 2511 Namosi (1700) Veivatuloa (377) Mau (381) Nabukavesi (680) Nakavika (262) Serua (811) Dranikula (210) Wainiyabia (154) Nakorovou (203) Waibogi (105) Wainidiro (139)
High This problem will be indirectly addressed as long it is linked to the excessive supply of sediment from the beaches. The marine survey might provide interesting background data for investigation of fish habitats.
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Nature of Problem No. of villages facing the problem Total population affected by the problem
Priority (Low, Medium, High) Possible Tasks for Incorporation into the Fiji Work Plan.
Flooding during very high tide
1 from Namosi Wainimakutu 4 village Serua Naboutini Mau Nabukavesi Wainitava
Total – 1682 Namosi (276) Wainimakutu (276) Serua (1406) Naboutini (345), Mau (381), Nabukavesi (680)
Medium Discussions are underway on the possible establishment of a flood monitoring and warning system for the Navua area.
Tidal Waves 3 villages from Serua Yanuca Sabata Qarasarau
Serua (377) Yanuca (286) Sabata (28) Qarasarau (63)
Low Currently won’t be addressed.
APPENDICES
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APPENDIX A: PARTICIPANT LIST AND WORKSHOP AGENDA Name Village Province Lasaro Bulaikalou Namosi Namosi Josefa Tanasolo Nasoqo Namosi Jovilisi Natoya Wainilotulevu Namosi Atonio Nemani Naqarawai Namosi Serevasio Kotokoto Namuamua Namosi Inosi Basituka Navunikabi Namosi Lasaro Bulaikalo Narukunibua Namosi Neori Mataini Burotu Namosi Severo Ratulevu Wainiyavu Namosi Apisai Silasila Nukusere Namosi Sailasa Tuibu Wainimakutu Namosi Makario Cakaunitabua Nakavika Namosi Iosefo Batiasavu Veivatuloa Namosi Sairusi Boseiwaqa Mau Namosi Tomasi Kororua Nabukavesi Namosi Pauliono Ulu Navunibau Namosi Bosco Wainisitou Nasigatoka Namosi Tevita Naivalu Saliadrau Namosi Romulo Drotini Wainiyabia Serua Saviri Waibogi Serua Donasio Ratubuli Wainidiro Serua Mikaele Ikanidevo Culanuku Serua Suliasi Susu Naboutini Serua Luke Qerewaqa Nuku Serua Romulo Tawalo Naimasimasi Serua Maikeli Ratulevu Sauniveito Serua Timoci Gasaucoloyawa Nasavu Serua Jonacani Vudravuwalu Sadro Serua Kolinio Naulago Nakorovou Serua Tomasi Betomakita Serua Serua Epeli Naloki Galoa Serua Isireli Kago Yanuca Serua Taitusi Magitivono Sabata Serua Suliano Nakai Qarasarau Serua
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Fiji 4th Stakeholder Consultations Programme Aim of Workshop: • Introduce project to community level • Secure support and active participation of rural communities. • Participants to identify problems faced in terms water, natural hazards, and aggregates. • Determine clusters of problems and interests in zones. • Prioritise and identify pilot project sites in the Navua River catchment area.
Resource Persons:
Technical Officer Mineral Resources Department
3381611 [email protected]
Jeremaiya Taganesia
Assessment Specialist
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Regional Perspective – Stephen Booth SOPAC EU Project Fiji update – Viliame Baleivanualala
9:45 MORNING TEA Breakout – Stakeholders’ expectations
Feedback to plenary 10:15 Presentations in Fijian and/or English
1. Water and Sanitation – Steve Booth, EU Project 2. Swath mapping – Luna Wong 3. Imagery – Jeremaiya Taganesia 4. Aggregates in Fiji – Akuila Tawake, EU Project 5. Landslides in the Navua Catchment area – Akosita Lewai, Forestry
11:45 Breakout into functional areas to gather information (problems and solutions) from stakeholders
1. Water 2. Aggregates 3. Hazards
1:00 LUNCH 2:00 Plenary discussion and sorting of problems – Viliame Baleivanualala 3:00 Closing – AFTERNOON TEA
APPENDIX B: DISCUSSION FINDINGS
VILLAGE – PROVINCE WATER & SANITATION AGGREGATES HAZARDS Namosi Village NAMOSI Namosi Primary/Secondary School (Lasaro Bulaikalou).
• Piping problem, roof catchment not used • Alternate source of water is needed. This is
due to demand in usage due to increase in population and better infrastructure in the village. Houses now have kitchens, toilets, showers etc. Abaramo Bakaniceva (GROUP 4)
• They often have water problems and the students are sent home. This water problem could be due to either 1. When the water source dries up, or 2. When the students damage pipe/fittings etc or leave the taps running. Lasaro Bulaikalou (Group 4)
Gravel is supplied from the river. The area is prone to landslides and soil erosion.
Namuamua (52 Households) NAMOSI
The village has own catchment sourced from a tributary of the Navua River. Water Problems • Dam is on opposite side of river and pipe is
suspended across. Had been broken several times during flooding of Navua River.
• Dirt clog funnel in dam during heavy rain and cleaning is prohibited through flooding.
• The fuel from an equipment used by Nur Mohammed & Fenning a logging company has seeped into the various streams that are flowing near the village, which are their main water source. (GROUP 3)
Gravel is supplied from the river. Logging over the past years has been blamed to be the cause of landslides during heavy rain. The landslides have in turn blocked the road and eventually disrupt the villagers’ movements. (GROUP 3)
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VILLAGE – PROVINCE WATER & SANITATION AGGREGATES HAZARDS Naqarawai (52 Households) NAMOSI
Own catchment sources from a tributary of the Navua River. A lot of water. Water Problems • The dam is below a new logging road. • Runoff during heavy rain drains into dam
bringing dirt and oil from road. • During Logging the water in the river
(source of water consumption) is polluted (GROUP 4)
Gravel is supplied from the river. The area is prone to landslides and soil erosion
Nasogo (12 households) Wainilotulevu (15 households) Nuku Primary School NAMOSI
Own catchment from a tributary of the Navua River. Two villages and a school using same source Water Problems 1. Dries up during drought revert to main river
use 2. School will close down for extended period,
until water supply is restored
Navunikabi (67 Households) NAMOSI
The village has own catchment sourced from a tributary of the Navua River. Water Problems • Funnel of main outlet from dam is always
clogged with dirt during heavy rain, blocking water flow.
• During drought water pressure is low and can dry up altogether in prolonged situations
Culanuku (28 households) SERUA
Has own catchment from a tributary of the Navua River. 6. Water Problems • The catchment dries up during very dry
periods. • Water is dirty during heavy rainfall.
Sand is extracted from the beaches Gravel supply is from Nakavu.
Village’s beach continues to erode.
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VILLAGE – PROVINCE WATER & SANITATION AGGREGATES HAZARDS Dranikula (48 Households) SERUA
Source from the Navua and Deuba water supply (paid source). Water Problems • Dirty water supplied during heavy rainfall
• Sand is extracted from the beaches. • Gravel supply is from Nakavu.
The villages for fishing mostly use the lagoon called Yarawa. The marine resources in this area have greatly declined over the past few years. In the past the villages have also voiced out this problems to the government but nothing has been done about it (GROUP 2)
Wainiyabia (27 households) SERUA
Has own catchment from a tributary of the Navua River. Source from the Navua and Deuba water supply Water Problems • The community has difficulty in paying for
the water supply.
• Sand is extracted from the beaches. • Gravel supply is from Nakavu.
The village for fishing mostly use the lagoon called Yarawa. The marine resources in this area have greatly declined over the past few years. In the past the villages have also voiced out this problems to the government but nothing has been done about it (GROUP 2)
Waibogi (24 households) SERUA
Has own catchment from a tributary of the Navua River. Water Problems • Water is dirty during heavy rainfall
Gravel is supplied from the river. • Erosion of riverbanks causes problems to the communities’ plantation.
• Diminishes the rivers fish number. • The river’s watermark decreases and river
becomes shallow. • The equipments used for extracting gravel
from the river greatly affect the normal flow of water. (A major concern of participants
Wainidiro (30 households) SERUA
Has own catchment from a tributary of the Navua River. Water Problems • A newly constructed road is located on an
upper slope from the water source and contaminates the water at times.
• During dry spells water pressure is low and can dry up.
Gravel is supplied from the river.
• Erosion of riverbanks causes problems to the communities’ plantation.
• Diminishes the rivers fish number. • The river’s watermark decreases and river
becomes shallow. • The equipments used for extracting gravel
from the river greatly affect the normal flow of water. (A major concern of participants)
Narukunibua (Lasaro Bulaikalou)
A landslide during Cyclone Kina buried the dam. After the Cyclone the landslide was cleared but the dam is still located on the same spot. The demand for water has since increased. Also they are having some problems, such as not so clean water or low-water pressure.
Gravel extraction from river Extraction resulted in land being lost which they have rectified. During heavy rain the bridge was damaged by tree trunks etc. banging against it and school children are not sent to school. If they are sent in the afternoon, then they have to find shelter elsewhere.
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VILLAGE – PROVINCE WATER & SANITATION AGGREGATES HAZARDS Burotu (Neori Mataini)
Village is situated high on hill. Water in dam is sufficient during heavy downpour. Apart from the dam they only have 200-litre drums to collect rainwater. Otherwise they collect water from the river using buckets and other containers. To relocate the dam for gravity feed would be too far from the village. Demand for water also increased (flush toilets, kitchens, population growth etc)
Wainiyavu (Severo Ratulevu)
New houses built on the other side of the river have no connection to piped water.
Naboutini – Serua (Suliasi Susu)
Their grandparents built the water supply dam when there were only 17 houses in the village. Now there are 70 houses and there is an increased demand for water due to population growth.
During high tide part of the village is flooded. They have placed boulders on the beach but this is ineffective. A Japanese study suggested that they plant mangroves along the coast, which they have done but this hasn’t solved the problem. They require assistance with the type and construction of a sea wall.
Nukusere (Apisai Silasila) No water problem except during heavy rain the galvanised fittings come off.
Sand and gravel extracted from river for village project – footpath construction.
This has resulted in the water level in the river to decrease. At Basic Industries extraction site for gravel and sand further downstream, water level decreased in the river
Wainimakutu (Sailasa Tuibu) and Saliadrau ( Tevita Naivalu)
No water problems • Extraction of gravel by PWD in the river has lead to riverbank degradation near the village. This has resulted in the villagers building riverbank walls. PWD now extract gravel further upstream resulting in the same problem.
• Dredging of the Navua River to deepen channel has resulted in the water level decreasing.
Wainimakutu • A landslide affected part of the village
during Cyclone Kina. • The extraction of gravel by PWD has
caused the degradation of the coastline and flooding of the village.
Saliadrau There is no road loading to the villages as it is on the other side of the river. During heavy rain the students/workers have to cross the fast flowing water. They need a bridge.
Tikina Deuba • Sauniveiuto • Nasavu • Sadro
Dredging in the Navua River is affecting the normal flow of the small stream near the village.
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Tikina Batiwai Nakorovou
The village for fishing mostly use the lagoon called Yarawa. The marine resources in this area have greatly declined over the past few years. In the past the villages have also voiced out this problems to the government but nothing has been done about it.
Tikina Nuku • Navunibau • Namasimasi • Nasigatoka • Galoa
• Water is contaminated during heavy rainfall.
• Logging over the past years has greatly affected the catchment used by the villages of the Tikina Nuku. Soil erosion has not only lead to increased sediment content of the water in the catchment and eventually water contamination but has also affected the villagers plantation.
• The fuel from equipment used by Nur Mohammed & Fenning, a logging company has seeped into the various streams that are flowing near the four villages, which are their main water source.
Logging over the past years has been blamed to be the cause of landslides during heavy rain. The landslides have in turn blocked the road and eventually disrupt the villagers’ movements.
Tikina Veivatuloa 1. Veivatuloa 2. Mau 3. Nabukavesi
Water pressure is very low • The supply of the marine resources from the villages fishing ground has continually declined over the years.
• Low line areas are susceptible to flooding during wet weather, particularly for the villages of Mau and Nabukavesi.
Tikina Wainikororoisa Nakavika
Logging causes soil erosion and landslides and affects the villagers plantation and particularly their root crop supply. Landslips upstream have also affected fisheries.
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VILLAGE – PROVINCE WATER & SANITATION AGGREGATES HAZARDS 1. Yanuca 2. Sabata 3. Qarasarau
• Water from the catchment is the main source for drinking and cooking. It is also used for bathing. Some villagers have developed skin diseases. The villagers request that the government assist them in converting a dam built by the government of Canada to be used as storage for water supply.
• Water is contaminated during heavy rainfall
• Since 1980 there has been various landslides occurring near the village. The villagers also indicated that there are also visible cracks on hill near the village.
• Tidal waves have also been a hazard to the villages and the villages seek the assistance of the government in building a sea wall.
Wainitava Village experiences flooding during heavy rain and it disrupt the schooling of children.
APPENDIX C: SOPAC/EU PROJECT REGIONAL PERSPECTIVE – STEPHEN BOOTH
Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
SOPAC/EU EDF8 Project
its status for those who are new
Project Purpose
To strengthen the capacity of the Pacific ACP States through:-
Identification of alternative sources of aggregates for construction purposes; Planning of safe and adequate water supplies and sanitation systems; Development of comprehensive hazard and risk management tools for safeguarding of communities; and Provision of database and management tools for ISM.
Project Background Funded by the European Union and implemented through SOPAC 3 focal areas of interest – Aggregates & Coastal Processes – Hazards Assessment & Mitigation – Water & Sanitation
Must ultimately assist the population at large Must be useful – not reside on shelf Emphasis on the use of Geographic Information Systems and Information Technology
Principal Objectives
Introduce Project to a specific groupIntroduce Project to a specific group Inform on progressInform on progress Stakeholders to identify additional tasks, Stakeholders to identify additional tasks, problems etc that need to be addressed, problems etc that need to be addressed, validate existing listvalidate existing list Ensure ownership of project by Fiji, Ensure ownership of project by Fiji, particularly the region impactedparticularly the region impacted Develop the project further Develop the project further –– tasks, tasks, timelines, costs, responsibilities and timelines, costs, responsibilities and outcomesoutcomes
Review of Project
Project staff appointed from early 2003 At least 2 Multi-Stakeholder Consultations completed in all 8 countries Project intervention areas agreed Key implementation activities initiated Country Work Plans drafted
Regional Implementation
Vanuatu [6th Dec]: The main island of Efate.
Kiribati [4th Mar]: The main atoll of Tarawa and Butaritari, Abemama, Abaiang, Onotoa.
Fiji [28th Mar]: The southern coast of the main island, Viti Levu.
Tonga [4th April]: The main island of Tongatapu.
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Regional Implementation
Tuvalu [9th April]: All nine atolls especially Funafuti, the main atoll. Samoa [23rd April]: Upolu and Savai’i. Solomon Islands [29th May]: Central and eastern part of the north coast and offshore of Guadalcanal, part of the west coast of Malaita, and Morovo Lagoon, New Georgia. Papua New Guinea [4th June]: The north coast of the main island west of Astrolabe Bay.
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2nd Multi-Stakeholder
Consultations during 2003 Kiribati 21st July Fiji 13th Aug Vanuatu 27th Aug SOPAC 32nd A/S, Niue Sept Tonga 03rd Oct Solomon Islands 16th Oct Papua New Guinea 22nd Oct Tuvalu 29th Oct Samoa 04th Dec
Integrated Data Sets Reducing vulnerability to communities requires that timely and adequate information is given to – Planners, Government, Administration – Developers , Industry – Communities at all levels
Many technical projects collect data How is this data used in making decisions? Is data available to as broad a group as possible? Is it in a form understood by as many as possible?
“All information has potential value, but that value can only be realised if the information
is used”
Concept of an integrated data set
Project Development in Fiji
Project concept developed during 2002 First stakeholder meeting (Govt Officials) in December of 2002 2nd stakeholder meeting (March 2003) Community level Workshops (April 2003) Development of Work Plan & task profiles 3rd stakeholder meeting (August 2003)
Intervention Areas for FijiIntervention Areas for Fiji
Three priority areas determined
– Suva - Lami - Namosi area
Why these areas?
Areas of growth Significant investment or planned investment in infrastructure Areas with a number of hazards/hazard types Project can impact a significant percentage of the nation’s population Already there are some existing data sets
Types of data Multi-beam survey of offshore – near shore to 3500m Multibeam study of major rivers and estuaries Satellite imagery – Ikonos & others Geological hazards – landslides/seismicity, coastal erosion and processes Infrastructure (water, utilities) Resources – aggregates, water Land use, agriculture, fisheries and forests Mining and mineral exploration
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Country specific activities
Mapping of offshore area of entire coast of southern Viti Levu completed 5 Geographic Information System/Remote Sensing (GIS/RS) training courses held for 26 participants IKONOS satellite imagery ordered for Navua and Sigatoka River catchments Fellowship awarded Suva-Navua hazard assessment in progress
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1
FROM PROJECT CONCEPT
WHERE ARE WE AT?
Project Concept - Late in 2002First Stakeholder Meeting in (Government Officials) in December 2002 Second stakeholder meeting (March 2003) Third stakeholder meeting (August 2003) Project work plan review Forth stakeholder meeting at Navua …Now
3
– for safe and adequate water supply and
sanitation
material for infrastructure development
PROJECT SITE SELECTION Selection Criteria for Study Area – Population growth
– Economic activity
Introduce project Get support of government Departments/Ministries Explain Identified project site for approval
7
OBJECTIVES OF MEET 2 Introduce project to a broader groupIntroduce project to a broader group
Stakeholders to identify tasks, problems etc, that Stakeholders to identify tasks, problems etc, that need to be addressedneed to be addressed
Ownership of project by Fiji, and particularly the Ownership of project by Fiji, and particularly the region impactedregion impacted
Develop the project logDevelop the project log--frame further frame further –– tasks, tasks, timelines, costs, responsibilities and outcomestimelines, costs, responsibilities and outcomes
Develop project steering or coordinating Develop project steering or coordinating committeecommittee
8
OUTCOME OF MEET 2 Navua Rural Authority, Forestry, Fiji Hardwood and Tourism were interested in the Navua River Catchment due to: – on going development and proposed
development
– river mining for aggregates
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9
OUTCOME OF MEET 2 (cont’d)
NLTB and Agriculture showed interest in the Lami-Nasinu Corridor to develop a comprehensive “Land Use Plan” and develop a “Land Use Policy” . Data requirement: – slope stability – land use and land classification – land conservation based on studies of soils, hazards -
1953 earthquake, land slides – mitigating factors
10
OUTCOME OF MEET 2 (cont’d)
USP, FSP, Sigatoka Town Council, LAWRAM, and Tourism were interested in the Sigatoka River Catchment. – Sigatoka river major supplier of water to area – coastal erosion very active – storm surges have been devastating lately – siltation of the sigatoka river – effluents and nutrients disposed into the reef and river
system – beach mining prevalent
Work Plan is in place
Presentation of project at the Sigatoka, Navua and Suva Advisory Councils
Geo-referencing and rectification of images
Swathe mapping of the offshore area between Nasilai reef and Momi bay
Meetings with Roko Tui Serua, Namosi and Nadroga - community level round of meeting
12
13
Review and approve Work Plan
Secure stakeholder support and active participation Ownership of project by Fiji, particularly the region that is impacted Develop steering or co-ordinating committee further
15
WHAT HAS BEEN DONE SINCE MEET 3
Work Plan has been amended and reviewed Stakeholders are involved Tectonic mapping of Suva to Yarawa completed Recruitment of Resource Officer in progress Meetings about natural disaster and risk management in the Navua River Catchment
16
OBJECTIVE OF THIS MEETING
Introduce project to community level Secure support and active participation of rural communities Participants to identify problems faced in terms of water, natural hazards, and aggregates Determine clusters of problems and interests in zones Prioritise and Identify pilot project sites in the Navua River catchment area
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Jeremaiya Taganesia Mineral Resources Department
4th Stakeholders Meeting
IKONOS IMAGERY
Topography, Coastline, Reefs, Tikina Boundaries, Roads, Rivers, Provinces
SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Digital Elevation Model SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Soil Types SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
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Forest Types SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Bathymetry SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
TFL Distribution Points and Cables SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Images as Backdrops SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Images on the Internet SOPAC/EU Project Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
Using MapServer the images are now hosted on the MRD Website
Address: http://map.mrd.gov.fj
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APPENDIX F: PRESENTATION – SWATH MAPPING
Some examples of how this EU project is useful to you
Luna Wong
Overview of presentation
Overall Objective/Project Goal Tasks/Activities 1 Task/Activities 2 Task /Activities 3 How does the swath mapper work? Fiji EU Project Area: Naselai-Momi Bay Applications of the swath mapping data
3
Reducing Vulnerability of Fiji through Integrated Planning and Management (Island Systems Management) at the Sectoral level, especially in the sectors impacting on hazards, aggregates and water resources.
4
Sustainable development of coastal zones, in particular through identifying alternative sources of aggregates.
Coast to ocean surveys of selected sites: Bathymetric survey (Swath Mapping) conducted of the south coast of Viti Levu (Naselai to Momi).
5
Task/Activities 2
Improved planning practices installed for safe and adequate water supplies and sanitation systems
Acquire baseline resource data pertaining to watershed monitoring in the Navua River and Sigatoka River catchment
6
Implement comprehensive hazard and risk management tools within the framework of an Integrated Holistic Approach for Sustainable Development (Island Systems Management)
Risk Management processes integrated into national development planning (Island Systems Management)
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How it works
0 – 300/3000 m range Bathymetry and imagery 240/50 kHz frequency 150° coverage 1.5°x1.5° resolution Surface vessel mount
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9
Navigation Marine resource identification and habitat mapping Assessment and monitoring of dredging activities Water circulation models Geological hazards Supply of utilities to outer islands Identification of environmental hazards
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Navigation An important factor affecting the overall viability of the Namosi Copper Mine is the establishment of a small deep water port within an economic distance of the mine to ship the concentrate.
A report on the marine feasibility of a bulk loading berth for copper concentrates which details the preliminary investigations carried out to assess the feasibility of establishing a port has identified three sites: Mahaffy Reef, Matainimali Reef and Naqara Island.
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16
Water circulation models
Kiuva – seaweed farming Kinoya – outlet Suva Harbour Beqa Lagoon - Tailings disposal site
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17
Beqa Lagoon Tailings Disposal
The behaviour of mine tailings discharged through a submarine outfall is governed by the design of the outfall ports, the composition of the tailings material, the properties of the seawater surrounding the outfall and the currents near the outfall.
The discharge of mines tailings into the ocean can have aesthetic and biological effects. In the clear tropical waters around Fiji the appearance of a muddy tailings plume would be unsightly.
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The effects on the biological communities which live near the tailings discharge:
1. The discharged tailings would physically smother the bottom living organisms they cover. Also the growth of the corals in inhibited in areas where they are sediments in the water.
2. The tailings may be high in heavy metals which could find their way into the flesh of organisms living near the disposal site.
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The potential undesirable effects of tailings on the marine environment can be eliminated by discharging them at sufficient depth through a submarine outfall and ensuring they remain below the surface layers of the ocean. Most corals and reef fish live in the surface areas so that if the tailings were kept below where these animals live the effects on them would be minimal.
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Water and sanitation
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25
37
ONON
9th December 2003
9th December 2003
LANDSLIDE ASSESSMENTLANDSLIDE ASSESSMENT
Within the Province of Serua and Namosi
Total area of 155,850 hectares
BackgroundBackground
identify landslide prone areas by
means of GIS and RS techniques
and the use of easy accessible and
existing data sources.
the rest of Fiji to improve land use and
forest planning with regards to
landslide risks.
OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES To analyse and map landslides means of stereoscopic aerial photo interpretation and field investigations.
To review relevant data sources for consistency and suitability for GIS based modelling of landslides.
To propose a GIS modelling approach for landslide susceptibility maps of the Navua catchment as well as other regions in Fiji.
WHY NAVUA CATCHMENT?WHY NAVUA CATCHMENT?
Within the EU/SOPAC Project site
Mahogany plantations
Extensive Logging
Concession areas
Environmental Impacts
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Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts
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METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
YEAR SCALE
1967 = 1:10,000
1967 = 1:24,000
1986 = 1:50,000
1990 = 1:10,000
Landslide inventory of the Navua catchment as MapInfo vector file.
Detailed description of selected landslide types in the Navua catchment.
OUTPUTSOUTPUTS
Description of achieved training impacts and further training needs
Description of proposed GIS modelling approach which could be applied to the Navua catchment
ANY QUESTIONS????
VINAKA VAKALEVU

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH NATIONAL FIJI MULTI …