PROCEDURE

 1. No pronouns2. Verb (action word) 

starts blurb3. Numbered steps4. Blurbs in order 

needed to perform experiment

5. Measurements and quantity used or times performed included

6. Repeated steps refer to number and state “Repeat steps x through y” for experimental group z or control group

TO IDENTIFY THE SAMPLES:NOTE: Label a bin measuring measuring length = 50 cm; width=20 cm; height (depth)=10 cm either 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, or 6 cm to identify the sample being tested

TO PREPARE A SAND BIN: 1. Measure to the center of the 50 cm longer length sides equal to 25 cm2. Tape a ruler at the 25 cm position on the length side3. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second 50 cm length side NOTE: TAPE ALL

RULERS FACING THE SAME DIRECTION FOR EASY READING.4. Measure to the center of the 20 cm shorter width side equal to 10 cm5. Tape a ruler at the 10 cm position on the width side6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for the second 20 cm width side7. Tape a ruler in each of the four corners of the bin8. Pour sand into the bin that now has 4 rulers taped to the sides and 4 rulers

in the corners9. Tape the bin gently on the table10. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 until the eight rulers measure 8 cm of sand in the 4

corners and center of 4 sides.11. Form a Center cross to find the approximate center by taping a string from

the width ruler to the width ruler and a string from the length to the length ruler. The intersection of the strings forming a cross will be the approximate center.

Procedure Continued

12. Insert a ruler into the center to verify 8 cm depth has been achieved. If 8 cm depth is not measured, repeat steps 8 through 11 until 8 cm depth is measured at the 8 rulers and the center cross position

13. Use a level to verify the surface is level at 8 cm depth THROUGHOUT the bin in no less than five positions in the four quadrants(corners and center of quadrants) and the center of the bin. If the sand is not level repeat steps 8 through 13 as needed to achieve level depth at 8 cm

TO SETUP RULER/THERMOMETERS14. Use a table as a flat surface and hold a thermometer with the fluid resting on the flat table. 15. Hold a plastic clear ruler resting flat on the table behind the thermometer so the

thermometer and ruler lines for units are clearly visible16. Without moving the ruler or thermometer from the flatness of the table, using clear tape,

secure the thermometer to the ruler. NOTE: The 0 degree line on the thermometer is above the 0 cm line on the ruler. This is enable the liquid in the thermometer to be below the sand and the ruler to be above the sand at 0 cm for the control group reading. And the weight of the walker at 0 cm is also given consideration with this design.

Procedure Continued17. Repeat steps 14 through 16 for four additional rulers. 18. Measure to the center of the four quadrants formed by the string.19. Insert a ruler/thermometer into the centers of the 4 quadrants to the

sample depth identified on the labeled bin.20. Insert the fifth ruler/thermometer at the cross formed by the string to the

sample depth identified on the labeled bin.TO SET UP THE SUNLAMP DISTANCE AND ANGLE FROM THE BIN:

21. Measure to the center of the sunlamp and mark with a dot made by an overhead marker

22. Measure 20 cm above the center (over the cross made by the strings) and hang the sunlamp center dot in a linear position to the cross string.

TO COMPLETE SETUP PROCEDURE:23. Repeat steps 1-22 to make 3 additional bins.

Procedure Continued

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:24. Setup 4 bins into quadrants with 0 cm at first quadrant, 2

cm at second quadrant, 4 cm at third quadrant, and 6 cm at forth quadrant. NOTE: Temperature readings will be rotated clockwise starting at 0 cm bin and start at center then clockwise within the bins as well. REFER TO DATA TABLE

25. Turn on the four sun lamps26. Turn on timer and wait 30 minutes27. Starting at center 0 cm and rotating through temperature

taking order on data table check temperature every 30 min for 9 hours

Procedure drawing (not a photograph)Demonstrating position of 9 rulers and 2 strings to from cross for approximate

center

ruler

ruler

ruler

ruler r

uler

ruler

rulerr

uler

ruler

Procedure drawingDemonstrating 6 cm thermometer position Thermometer is marked at 6

cm and inserted into the 8 cm deep sand. Resulting in 2 cm of sand below the thermometer.

ruler

ruler

ruler

ruler r

uler

ruler

rulerr

uler

ruler

There are 4 depth samples of 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm There are 5 trail readings of temperature per sample for a total of 20 trials. 5 trials at 0 cm which is the control group.5 trails at 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm which is 15 trials.

DATA DEPTH OF SAND AT 0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, and 6 cm VERSUS TEMPERATURE

time/position

DEPTH OF SAND DATA RECORDING ORDER ALWAYS START AT 1 TO TAKE TEMP

0cm TEMP 2cm TEMP 4cm TEMP 6cm TEMP30 min center 1 2 3 4

1st quadrant 5 6 7 8

2nd quadrant 9 10 11 12

3rd quadrant 13 14 15 16

4th quadrant 17 18 19 20

0cm 2cm 4cm 6cm60 min center 20 1 2 3

1st quadrant 4 5 6 7

2nd quadrant 8 9 10 11

3rd quadrant 12 13 14 15

4th quadrant 16 17 18 19