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AoYu&-1A ~.?&T ,,?~fIJFEDERAL NEGARIT GAZETA
OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
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131hYear No. 58ADDIS ABABA 6thSeptember, 2007
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CONTENTS
Proclamation No. 547/2007
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. Proclamation to Amend Carriage of Goods by LandProclamation Pa e 3845
n'P~ cfr1'C ~l~i/ljjl2jj PROCLAMATION NO. 547/2007
A PROCLAMATION TOAMEND CARRIAGE OFGOODS BY LAND.
r-r&--'){)7'C-r it1l\0}{\0,,} rit1t.":{.,),) I.\OIJ-r Whereas, freight transport services play vital role in
l\OIJl}tl'} 1 l\itll1.P".e r')O}~. htf:l\ h,f1'iO? enhancing our country's development, for the general
/J,~.:1-rC; IVhl1(l":{' OO~t.l,{1 m,l}~ O?c; growth of the trade service sector of the economy and
rO? 661.(w}r 1',11.\OJ{\°-r ,'Ctf: (]oolf~. I for integration of the peoples of Ethiopia.
(]OIJC;~~m'~ ro,~~'w C}.e~,,} /J.P 0IJ~~1n.rO?ool\ tH:r it1&. :-"") r-rt.'){)7'C'} ;'11.."f it ')~.hl\Am' ,'JC OOflln,~c; 1'~C;~T it1A O}{\°-r(] 00 () lI1'} l\ it 1t. :-".') r hJ1 'i O? /J,~:1"} r (]h.l\. '),~:C i'i 00 OJflI-r rO?lI1 (J:,. (],} (]00 lf~. I
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Whereas, laws of our country governing any mode oftransport should be harmonized and interlinked tofacilitate transport services and.thereby play part in theeconomic development of our country.
Whereas, the law governing carriage of goods by landas enacted in the 1960 Commercial Code of Ethiopia,in particular, the basis of liability, limitation of liabilityand other rights and obligations should have to 15emade compatible with the new enacted MultimodalTransport of Goods Proclamation and thereby facilitatedoor-to-door transport services, and to this endamending the existing law has become necessary.
Now, THEREFORE, in accordance with Article55(1) of the Constitution of the Federal DemocraticRepublic of Ethiopia it is hereby proclaimed as follows.
~;J/.''''' :J/I.«i T.'''.''', iirUiNegarit G. P.O. Box 80001
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PART ONEGENERAL
1. SHORT TITLE
This Proclamation may be cited as a "Proclam.to Amend Carriage of Goods by Land547/2007"
2. Definitions'
In this Proclamation
1/ "Contract of carriage of goods by land" 11any contract whereby the carrier undertake~reward to transport goods overland an,Internal waters from one place to anotht:vehicles,
2/ "Goods" means any property includinganimals as well as containers, pallets or sinarticles of transport or packaging supplied bysender/consignor,
3/ "Carrier" means the person who performscarriage of goods by land or internal waters,
4/ "Person" means any natural or juric:lical persol
5/ "Sender" means the per"0" who, either for hiown account or for that of third parties, delivergoods to the carrier for carriage,
61 "Consignee" means the person authorizedreceive the goods,
7/ "Dangerous Goods" means Goods which atclassified as hazardous as well as Goods whicare or may become of dangerous, inflammabI(radioactive, noxions or damaging nature, ancomprises all that are potentially hazardous tjhuman beings and the environment. The detail.
.
shall be issued by the appropriate organ.
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8/ "VEHICLE" means a motor vehicle,constructed for use for conveyance of goodsand includes trailers, semi.,trailers and railwagons,
9/ "Transshipment" means transferring of goodsfrom a vehicle or rail wagon which carriagewas contracted by the sender/consignor toanother vehicle or rail wagon or to anothermode of transport,
10/ "Surcharge" Means an over charge above thescheduled freight rate,
11/ "Special drawing rights-" an equivalentcurrency of a state regarding the limit ofliability of the carrier per package or kilogramwhich shall be calc;ulated and paid inaccordance with the method of valuationapplied by the International Monetary fund.
12/ "Freight Forwarder" means a person whorepresents a consignor or consignee locally orinternationally in fulfilling customs, port andother formalities for import and export cargoor port and includes the transportation anddelivery of same.
3. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
1/ The provisions of this Proclamation shall applyto every contract for the carriage of goods byland and internal waters and if the carriage isundertaken for reward.
2/ The provisions of this Proclamation shallapply also where carriage coming' within its
-scope is carried out by State or Governmentinstitutions.
3/ Withput prejudice to Sub-Article (1) and (2) ofthis Article, the provisions of thisProclamation shall not apply to:-
a) carriage performed under the terms ofpostal regulations
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b) household removal
4/ For the purposes of this Proclamation thecarrier shall be responsible for the actsand omissions of his agents and ser-vants and of any other persons of whoseservices he makes use for theperformance of the carriage, when suchagents, servants or other persons areacting within the scope of theiremployment, as if such acts or omissionswere his own.
PART TWOCONCLUSION OF THE CONTRACT
OF CARRIAGE.
4. CONSIGNMENT NOTE
1/ Th.e contract of carriage shall be confirmedby the making out ofa consignment note.
2/ The absence, irregularity or loss of theconsignment note shall not affect theexistence or the validity of the contractof carriage which shall remain valid subjectto the provisions of this Proclamation.
5. COPIES OF CONSIGNMENT NOTE
1/ The consignment note shall be made outin three original copies by the sender:-
a) the first copy shall be signed by the senderand shall remain with th~ carrier,
b) the second copy shall be signed by thesender' and the carrier and shall remamwith the goods,
c) the third copy shall be signed by the carrierand handed by him to the sender .after thegoods have been accepted for carriage
21 The signature mentioned in Sub-Article 1(c) ofthis Article may be printed or replaced by thestamps of the sender and the carrier.
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3849
3/ When the goods which are to be carried haveto be loaded in different vehicles or are ofdifferent kinds or are divided into different lots,the sender or the carrier shall have the right torequire a separate consignment note to be madeout for each vehicle or for each kind or lot ofgoods.
6, PARTICULARS IN THE CONSIGNMENT NOTE
1/ The consignment note shall contain thefollowing particulars:
a' the date of th~ consignment noteand the p lace at which it is issued,
b) the name and address of the sender,
c) the name and address of the carrier,
d) the place and. the date of taking overof the goods and the place designated fordelivery,
e) the name and address of the consignee,
f) the description and the nature of thegoods and the method of packing,and, in the case of dangerous goods,their generally recognized description,
g) the number of packages and theirspecial marks and numbers,
h) the gross weight of the goods or theirquantity otherwise expressed,
i) charges relating to the carriage;supplementary' charges and othercharges incurred from the making of thecontract to the time of delivery,
j) attachment of the requisite instructions forCustoms and other formalities inaccordance with the stipulation of Article13 of this Proclamation.
.
2/ Where applicable, the consignment note shall alsocontain the following particulars:-
a) a statement that transshipment is notallowed,
b) the charges which the senderundertakes to pay,
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d) the sender's instructions to the carrielregarding the insurance of the goods,
e) the agreed time-limit within which thecarriage is to be carried out and the routewhereby the goods are to be carried,
f) a list of the documents handed to the carrier.
31 The parties may enter in the consignment noteany other particulars not referred to in thisArticle which they may deem useful.
7. CONSIGNMENT NOTE TO ORDER
I\h.m.tj' h:}:}1f h.I'{)OIJoo. rOIJ:}:}'lfm. O~.\': A consignment note may be made to order where the'I'<f>ll~om. I\HHm. Otnz.A ILH;J~ f,1'I\A:: sender and the carrier agree.
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8 - OTHER DOCUMENTS
II Where the sender and carrier agree, a consignment notemay be replaced by any other document, such as areceipt delivered by the carrier on the sender havingmade all appropriate statements.
21 If the receipt mentioned in Sub-Article (1) ofthis Article, or other document contains astatement contrary to the provisions of thisProclamation, the contract shall have effect inaccordance with the stipulations of thisProclamation.
9. STATEMENT BY SENDER
11 The sender shall be responsible for all expenses,loss and damage sustained by the carrier byreason of the inaccuracy or inadequacy of:-
. (a) the particulars specified in Article 6 Sub-Article 1 (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), (h),(i) and 0),
(b) the particulars specified in Sub- Article (2)of Article 6,
(c) any other particulars or instructions givenby him to enable the consignment note tobe made out or for the purpose of theirbeing entered therein.
1~' Cit;ttU ~'u".A ~:Jt:" ;J,J,fI' 4I'I'C .y;t fl1'C11f,Ii""J !iirii! 'HI" Federal Negarit Gazeta NO.58 6lh September. 2007... ...page 3851
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2/ If, at the request of the sender, the carrier entersin the consignment note the particulars referredto in Article 6(1) he shall be deemed, unless thecontrary is proved, to have done so on behalf ofthe sender.
3/ If the consignment note does not contain theattachment specified in Article 6 Sub-Article 10), or when a consignment note is replaced inaccordance with Article 8 of this Proclamationby any Qther document, such as a receipt, whichdoes not contain the statement referred to inarticle 6, the carrier shall be liable for allexpenses, loss and damage sustained throughsuch omission by the person entitled to disposeof the goods. .
PART THREE
PERFORMANCE OF THE CONTRACT OFCARRIAG~
10. PACKING
11 Where the nature of the goods is such thatpacking is needed, the sender shall pack thegoods so that they will not be lostnor damaged.
2/ The sender shall be liable for any damage arisingout of defective packing.
3/ The carrier shall be liable for such damage wherehe accepted to carry the goods and he knew that theywere not packed or the packing was defective.
11. CARRIER'S RESERVATIONSCONSIGNMENT NOTE
IN THE
11 On taking over the goods, the carrier shall check:-
(a) the accuracy of the statements in theconsignment note as to the quantity ofgoods or the number of packages andtheir marks and descriptions, and weightof the goods;
(b) the apparent cond ition of the goods andtheir Packaging.
'If; rTi. ~.:.~ ~ It :"~.('.A ~;Jt ,. .~J//,(fl<II'J'C n: ~'I''''1. ?i ""} nn:w 'UI" Federal Negarit Gazeta No.58 6th September. 2007... ...page 38:
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2/ Where the carrier has no reasonable means 0checking the accuracy of the statemenUreferred to in Sub-Article (I) of this Article,he shall enter his reservations in the consign-ment note together with the grounds on whichthey are based. He shall likew'jse specify thegrounds for any reservations which he makeswith regard to the apparent condition of thegoods and their packing.
3/ Such reservations shall not bind the senderunless he has expressly agreed to be boundby them in the consignment note.
4/ The sender shal1 be entitled to require thecarrier to check the gross weight of thegoods or their quantity otherwiseexpressed. He may also require thecontents of the packages to be checked.
5/ The carrier shall be entitled to claim thecost of such checking. The result of thechecks shall be entered in the consignmentnote.
12. EFFECT OF CONSIGNMENT NOTE
1 Unless the contrary is proved, a consignmentnote, or any other document issued accordingto the provisions of Article 4-8, shal1 be primafacie evidence of the making of the contract ofcarriage, the conditions of the contract and.the receipt of the goods by the carrier, thekind, number, quantity and weight of thegoods.
2. In accordance with the provisions of .SubArticle 2 of Article 1'1, if the consignmentnote contains no specific reservations by thecarrier, it shall be presumed, unless thecontrary is proved, that the goods and theirpacking appeared to be in good conditionwhen the carrier took them over and thatthe number of packages, their marks andnumbers correspond with the statements inthe consignment note.
13. CUSTOMS AND OTHER FORMALITIES
1/ For the purposes of the Customs or other formalitieswhich have to be completed before delivery ofthe goods, the sender shall attach thenecessary documents to the consignmentnote or place them at the disposal of thecarrier and shal1 furnish him with all theinformation which he requires.
'l~' ri'i,;":.(Yr ~..P./..A ~:J/.'''' ,"111,"1'II'I'C .n: ~'I.(1'1.Ii ,"') iin:w '},S''' Federal Negarit Gazeta No.58 6'11September, 2007... ...page 385
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2/ The carrier shall not be under any duty tc. enquire into either the accuracy or thfadequacy of the documents and infor-mation referred to in Sub-.Article (I) ojth is Article.
31 The sen.der shall be liable to the carrier forany damage caused by the absence, inade-quacy or irregularity of such documentsand information, except in the case ofsom.e wrongful act or neglect on the partof the carrier.
41 The liability of the carrier for the consequencesarising from the loss or incorrect use of thedocuments specified in and accompanyingthe consignment note or deposited with thecarrier shall be that of an agent.
5/ That the compensation payable by thecarrier shall not exceed that payab Ie inthe event of loss of the goods.
14, RIGHT OF DISPOSAL OF GOODS IN TRANSIT
1/ Where he carries out all his duties underthe contract of carriage, the sender hasthe right to dispose of the goods eitherby taking them back from the carrier orby stopping them during their transport,by changing the place at which deliveryis to take place, or by causing them tobe delivered during the transport beforethey arrive at the place of destination toa person other than the consignee namedin the contract.
2/ Where the transport title has beendelivered to the 'sender, he may notdispose' of the goods unless he producesthe title to the carrier.
3/ The right to dispose of the goods intransit mentioned in Sub-Article (I)'of this Article, shall cease to existwhen the consignment note is handed to theconsignee or when the consignee hasrequisted the carrier to del iver the goods onthe place of destination.
4/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article(3) of this Atticle, the consignee shall have
- the right of disposal from the time when theconsignmenLnote is drawn up, if the sendermakes an entry to that effect in theconsignment note.
'11.' rl'i};t!l!! t"Yu/..A ~:J/.'''' :J//.nl 0/1'1'1. !l~; A'l''''I.?i .p't nn:H! '}.S''' Federal Negarit Gazeta No 58 61h September. 2007... ...page 3854
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51 If in exercising his right of disposal theconsignee has ordered the delivery of thegoods to another person, that other personshall not be entitled to name otherconsignees.
61 The exercise of the right of disposal shall besubject to the following conditions
(a) that the senderor, in the case referred to. in sub-article 4 of this Article, the
consignee who wishes to exercise theright produces the first copy of theconsignment note on which the newinstructions to the carrier have beenentered and indemnifies the carrieragainst all expenses, loss and damageinvolved in carrying out suchinstructions,
(b) that the carrying out of such instructions ispossible at the time when the instructionsreach the person who is to carry them outand does not either interfere with thenormal working of the carrier's undertakingor prejudice the senders or consignees ofother consignments, and
(c) that the iristructioQs do not result in adivision of the consignment.
7I When, by reason of the provisions of sub-article 6 (b) of this Article, the carrier cannotcarry out the instructions which he receives, heshall immediately notify the person who gavehim such instructions.
81 If the carrier has not c.arried out the instructionsgiven under the conditions provided for in Sub-Articles (1) to (7) of this Article, or if he hascarried them out without requiring the first
.
copy of the consignment note to be produced,he shaIl be liable to the person entitled to makea clail11for any loss or damage caused thereby.
'"
15, IMPOSSIBILITY IN RELATION TO CARRIAGE
1/ Iffor any reason it is or becomes impossible tocarry out the contract in accordance with theterms laid down in the consignment note beforethe goods reach the place designated fordelivery, the carrier shall ask for instructionsfrol11the person entitled to dispose of the goodsin accordance with the provisions of Article 14Sub-Articles 1 to 8.
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2/ Notwithstanding the provisions of Sub-Article (I) ofthis Article, ifcircumstances are such as to allowthe carriage to be carried out under conditionsdiffering from those laid down in theconsignment note and if the carrier has beenunable to obtain instructions in reasonable timefrom the person entitled to dispose of the goodsin accordance with the provisions of sub-articles1 to 8 of Article 14, he shall take such steps asdeemed necessary to him to be in the bestinterests of the person entitled to dispose of tilegoodS',
16. CONSIGNEE'S RIGHT
II After arrival of the goods at the placedesignated for delivery, the consignee shallbe entitled to require the cahier to deliver tohim, against a receipt, the second copy of theconsignment note and the goods.
21 If the loss of the goods is estaplished or if thegoods have not arrived after the expiry of theperiod provided. for in Article 25, theconsignee shall be entitled to enforce in hisown name against the carrier any rightsarising from the contract of carriage.
31 If the consignee avails himself of the rightsgranted to him under Sub-Article (1) of thisArticle, he shall pay the charges shown tobe due on the consignment note, but in theevent of dispute on this matter the carriershall not be required to deliver the goodsunless security has been furnished by theconsignee.
17. IMPOSSIBILITY IN RELA nON TO DELIVERYOF THE GOODS
11 Where circumstances prevent delivery ofthe goods after their arrival at the placedesignated for delivery, the carrier shalI askthe sender for his instructions. If theconsignee refuses the goods the sender shallbe entitled to dispose of them withoutbeing obliged to produce the first copy ofthe consignmentnote.
21 Even if he has refused the goods, theconsignee may, in accordance with Sub-Article (1) of this Article, neverthelessrequire delivery so long as the carrier has notreceived instructions to the contrary from thesender.
'I?' Eli}; .i':n; :"f.(,.A ',:)/...,.. :)/1.111"I're .'j;..: ~'I''''l. ?i ,n Ii!.i':i.i!'u'" Federal Negarit Gazeta No.58 61h September, 2007... ...page 3856
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3/ The proceeds of sale, after deduction of theexpenses chargeable against the goods, shallbe placed at the disposal of the personentitled to dispose of the goods. If thesecharges exceed the proceeds of sale, thecarrier shall be entitled to the difference.
4/ Such sale shall be executed by publicauction in accordance with the relevantLaw.
PART FOUR
LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER
21. BASIS OF LIABILITY AND PERIOD OFLIABILITY
The carrier shall be liable for the total or partialloss of the goods and for damage thereto occuringbetween the time when he takes over the goods andthe time of delivery, as well as for any delay indelivery.
22. CARRIER'S EXEMPTION FROM LIABILIT
Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 21 thecarrier shall be relieved of liability if the loss,damage or delay was caused by the wrongful actor neglect of the claimant, by the instructions ofthe claimant given otherwise than as the result ofa wrongful act or neglect on the part of thecarrier, by inherent vice of the goods or throughforce majeure.
23. CONDITION OF THE VEHICLE ORRAILWAGON
The carrier shall not be relieved from liability byreason of the defective condition of the vehicle orrail wagon (locomotive) used by him in order toperform the carriage, or by reason of the wrongfulact or neglect of the person from whom he mayhave hired the vehicle or the rail wagon or of theagents or servants of the latter.
24. DELAY IN DELIVERY
Delay in delivery shall be said to occur:
1/ When the goods have not been deliveredwithin the agreed time-limit.
'l~' i:ri. ~I; t .Y ~I.: ~.J!./..A ',:){..} :J//.nl "I'I'r. .li~l; A'l''''#. ?i ./") nn:ti! '},Y" Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 58 6'h September. 2007.. .. page 3858
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21 Failing an agreed time-limit, the actualduration of the carriage having regard to thecircumstances of the case, and in particular,
,
in the case of partial loads, the time requiredfor making up a complete load in the normalway, exceeds the time it would be reasonableto allow a diligent carrier.
25. NON-DELIVERY OF GOODS
liThe' fact that goods have not been deliveredwithin thirty days following the expiry of theagreed time-limit or, if there is no agreedtime-limit, within sixty days from the timewhen the carrier took over the goods, shall beconclusive evidence of the loss of the goods.
21 On the expiry of the period provided for inSub-Article (1) of this Article the person'entitled to make a claim may thereupon treatthe goods as lost and may lodge a claimagainst the carrier.
31 The person entitled to make a claim accordingto the provisions of Sub- Article (2) of thisArticle may, on receipt of compensation forthe missing goods, request in writing that heshall be notified immediately should thegoods be recovered in the course of the yearfollowing the payment of compensation. Heshall be given a written acknowledgment ofsuch request.
4/ Within the thirty days following receipt of thenotification the person entitled as aforesaid mayrequire the goods to be delivered to him againstpayment of the charges shown to be due on theconsignment note and. also against refund of thecompensation he received less any chargesincluded therein but without prejudice to anyclaims to compensation for delay in delivery underArticle 29 and, 30
26, DANGEROUS GOODS
11 When the sender han-ds goods of a dangerousnature to the carrier, he shall inform thecarrier of the exact nature of the dangerand indicate, if necessary, the precautionsto be taken,
2/ If this information has not been entered in theconsignment note, the burden of proving that thecarrier knew the exact nature of the dangerconstituted by the carriage of the said goods shallrest upon the sender or the consignee.
.n J.:o.~.I::Ol ls.¥u6.G\ 7."J~'r;1''''''
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j/ \..Iooas or a aangerous nawre wnlcn, m me
circumstances referred to in Sub-Article (1)of this Article, the carrier did not know weredangerous may at any time or place beunloaded, destroyed or rendered harmless bythe carrier without compensation;.
~ I, lYl11 A IIVl"! VI' LIADILII I
1/ W nere a carner oecomes lIaOle lOr any lOSS
of, or damage to, any goods, suchcompensation shall be calculated byreference to the value of the goods at theplace at which they should be delivered.If the market value of the goods is
goous 01 LOesame KlnU anU4ualllY.
21 Without prejudice to the provis'ionsof Sub-Article (1) of this Article, the liability ofthe carrier to p~v r.()mnpn.<:;Mi()n<:;h~1I n()t
t .....
shippmg Unit, or :SUK L.J per kllogram otgross weight of the goods lost or damaged,whichever is the higher.
Without prejudice to Sub-Article (1) and (2)of this Article, where' a carrier becomesliable for any loss of, or damage to, anygoods, the nature and value thereof have bedeclared and made an integral part of the
t ... °t. ro I . 1.1 I
uelermmeu oy relerence LO marKet value
of the goods atthe place and time at whichthey should be delivered to the consignee.
41 If the carrier fails to deliver the goods in tinhe shall be liqble according to the provisioof Articles 21 and 24 of this Proclamation
115HL. VI Ulvp,"h'}t,...U
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~SSEMENTOF COMPENSATION
. n\,;- PUl PUi:)\,.I VI ",,'U\.IUIUL.1l15 -vv 111\;.111 UIHVUl1l 1~
igher in accordance with Sub-Article (1) andf Article 27 the following rules shall apply:-
1~' Ci1.XK?; ~Y.t..A ~:Jt..,. :J/I.nl "''I'r. y~~ ~'I'D1L Ii ""} IjiK:W 'l.II" Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 58 6th September. 2007... ... page 3860
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1/ Where a container, pallet or similar article oftransport is used to consolidate goods thepackage or other shipping units enumeratedin the Consignment note as packed in sucharticle of transport are deemed packages orshipping units. Except as aforesaid, thegoods in such article of transport are deemedone shipping unit;
21 In cases where the article of transport itselfhas been lost or damaged, that article oftransport, if not owned or otherwise suppliedby the carrier, is considered one separateshipping unit.
31 Without prejudice to Sub- Article (I) and (2)of this Article, bags, sacks and similararticles shall not be considered as packaging.If goods contained in bags or sacks are lost ordamaged compensation of the damaged orlost goods shall be determined by referenceto the market value of such goods
29 - HIGHER COMPENSATION
Higher compensation in respect of total or partialloss of goods, or in case of damage, than providedfor under the provisions of Sub-Article (I) or (2)of Article 27 may only be claimed where thevahle of the goods or a special interest in deliveryhas been declared in accordance with Sub-Article(3) of Article 27.
30. AGGRGA TE LIABILITY
The aggregate liability of the Carrier, shall notexceed the limit of liability for total loss of the
. goods as determined by Article 21 or Article 27 .
31. EXTENDED LIABILITY
1/ The .sender may, against payment of asurcharge to be agreed upon, declare in theconsignment note a value for the goodsexceeding the limit laid down in Article 27(3) and in that case the amount of thedeclared value shall be substituted for thatlimit and the compensation to be paid shallbe determined in accordance with' theprovisions of Article 29.
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I.
2/ The sender may, against payment of asurcharge to be agreed upon, fix the amountof a sp~cial interest in delivery in the case ofloss or damage or of the agreed time-limitbeing exceeded, by entering stJch amount inthe consignment note. In such casescompensation for delay may be claimed upto the total amount of the interest declaredindependently of the compensation providedfor in Articles 27 to 30.
32. WILFUL MISCONDUCT
1/ The .carrier shall not be entitled to availhimself of the provisions of this Sectionwhich exclude or limit his liability if thedamage was caused by his willfulmisconduct.
2/ The prcOvisionsof Sub- Article (1) of this Articleshall -also-apply if the willful misconduct ordefault is committed by the agents or servants ofthe carrier or by any other persons of whoseservices he makes use for the performance of thecarriage, when such agents, serva:nts or otherp~rsons are acting within the scope of theiremployment.
3/ Furthermore, in slJch a ~ase such agents,servants or other persons shall not beentitled to avail themselves, with regard totheir personal liability, of the provisions ofthis Section.
PART FIVE
CLAIMS AND ACTIONS
33. RESERVATIONS DURING DKLIVERY
11 Unconditional acceptance of goods shall be abar to any claim. for total or partial loss,damage or delay being brought against the
" carrier unless there has been fraud on the
carrier's part.
2/ In case of non-apparent damage, the consigneeshall be considered as accepted the goods asdescribed in the consignment note unless heenters a reservation against the carrier withinnot more than seven. days from the date oftaking delivery of the goods.
11.' rrUtl~j{ :"f./..I:\ ~;1"'''' ;111."1<IITC .'it "1-"'1. li ""JXul').;! 'H" Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 58. 6th September, 2007... ...page 3862
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31 The carrier shall be liable where the consigneehas put his reservations in writing that thesustained loss or damage does not agree withthe description of the goods in consignmentnote.
41 When the condition of the goods has beenduly checked by the consignee and the carrier,evidence contradicting the result of thischecki.ng shall only be admissible in the caseof loss or damage which is not apparent andprovided that the consignee has duly sentreservations in writing to the carrier withinseven days, Sundays and public holidaysexcepted, from the date ofchecking.
51 No compensation shall be payable for delay indelivery unless a reservation has been sent inwriting to the carrier, within fifteen days fromthe time that the goods were placed at thedisposal of the consignee.
'61 In calculating the time-limits provided for inSub- Articles (1) to (5) of this Article the dateof delivery, or the date of checking, or thedate when the goods were placed at thedisposal of the consignee, as the case may be,,shall not be included.
7I The carrier and the consignee shall give eachother every reasonable facility for making therequisite investigations and checks.
34. JURISDICTION
In legal proceedings arising out of carriageunder the provisions of this Proclamation, theplaintiff may bring an action in any courthaving Jurisdiction and within whosejurisdiction:-
(a) the defendant is ordinarily resident,or has his principal place of business,or the branch or agency through'which the contract of carriage wasmade, or
(b) the place where the goods were takenover by the carrier or the placedesignated for delivery is situated, andin no other court.
1~' rit.t.~?;r ~,Y.t..A ~.:J,,"'" ;J/I,n/ <IITC :It J\'/.t11J.Ii ",'t :on:w 'U''' Federal Negarit Gazeta No.58 6'h September, 2007.. ..page 3863
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35. LIMIT ATION OF ACTIONS
1/ The period of limitation for an actionarising out of carriage under the provisionsof this Proclamation shall De two years.The period of limitation shall begin torun:-
(a) in the case of partial loss, damage ordelay in delivery, from the date of
. delivery,
(b) in the case of total loss. from the thirtiethday after the expiry of the agreed time-limit or where there is no agreed time-limit from the sixtieth day from the dateon which the goods were taken over by thecarner,
(c) in all other cases, on the expiry of aperiod of three months after themaking of the contract of carriage.
2/ Notwithstanding the provisions of sub-article 1 ofthis Article, a written claim shall suspend theperiod of limitation until such date as the carrierrejects the claim by notification in writing andreturns the documents attached thereto. If a partof the claim is admitted, the period of limitationshall start to run again only in respect of that partof the claim still in dispute.
3/ The burden of proof of the receipt of theclaim, or of the reply and of the return of thedocuments, shall rest with the party relyingupon these facts.
PART SIX
CARRIAGE PERFORMED BY SUCCESSIVECARRIERS
36. A SINGLE CONTRACT
If carriage governed by a single contract isperformed by successive carriers; each ofthem shall be responsible for the performanceof the whole operation, the second carrier andeach succeeding carrier becoming a party tothe contract of carriage, under the terms of theconsignment note, by reason of his acceptanceof the goods and the consignment note.
11\ ri'i.~f?;Q :"Y.t-A ~;Jt..,. ;J II.fl/ "I'I'C .~;-.; ~'1''''l. Ii .,.'J :!.iHf:H! 'l.9" Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 5861h September, 2007... ... page 3864
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37. OTHER DOCUMENTS IN RELATION TOSUCCESSIVE CARRIAGE.
11 A carrier accepting the goods from a previouscarrier shall give the latter a -dated and signedreceipt. He shall enter his name and addresson the second copy of the consignment note.
21 Where applicable, he shall enter on the secondcopy of the consignment note and on therec~ipt reservations of the kind provided for inSub- Article (2) of Article 11.
31 The provisions of sub-articles 1 and 2 ofArticle 11 shall apply to the relations betweensuccessive carriers.
.38. THE CARRIER RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
LQSS, DAMAGE OR DELAY
1/ Legal proceedings in respect of liability forloss of,' damage to or delay of goods may bebrought against the first carrier, the last carrieror the carrier who was performing that portionof the carriage during which the event causingthe loss, damage or delay occurred.
21 Without prejudice to Sub-Article (1) of thisArticle the claimant may bring an actionagainst the carriers mentioned in Article 36of this Proclamation jointly and severally.
39. CLAIM BETWEEN CARRIERS
A carrier who has paid compensation in.
compliance with the provisions of thisProclamation or in compliance with courtdecision shall be entitled to recover suchcompensation, together with interestthereon andall costs and expenses incurred by reason of theclaim, from the other carriers who have takenpart. in the carriage, subject to the followingprOVlSlOns:-
(a) the carrier responsible for the loss ordamage shall be solely liable for thecompensation whether paid by himself orby another carrier,
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(b) when the loss or damage has been causedby the action of two or more carriers, eachof them shall pay an amount proportionateto his share of liability; should it beimpossible to apportion the lfability, eachcarrier shall be liable in proportion to theshare of the payment for the carriagewhich is due to him,
40- CONTRIBUTION BETWEEN CARRIERS
11 The provisions of Article 34 shall apply toclaims between carriers arising from acontract of carriage concluded inaccordance with this Proclamation.
2/ The period of limitation shall, however,begin to run either on the date of the finaljudicial decision fixing the amount ofcompensation payable under. the pro-visions of this Proclamation, or, if thereis no such' judicial decision, from theactual date of payment.
PART SIVEN
SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS
41. CONTRACT OF CARRIAGE MADE BY AFREIGHT FORWARDER
11 Where a freight forwarder Performs thecarriage of goods in accordance with theprovisions of Article 2251 of the Civil Codein his own name or by his own means oftransport or when the instruction given by theprincipal shows that the freight forwarderassumes such obligatio.n ; he shall be deemeda carrier and the Provisions of thisProclamation shall be applicable to thefreight forwarder.
2/ Such freight forwarder shall assume theobligation and enjoy the rights of a Carrierprovided for in this Proclamation.
42. DERGA TION FROM PROVISIONS OF THISPROCLAMTION.
11 Any stipulation which would directly orindirectly derogate from the provisions ofthis Proclamation shall be null and void.The nullity of such a stipulation shall notinvolve the nullity of the other provisionsof the contract.
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2/ In particular, a benefit of insurance in favourof the carrier or any clause shifting theburdon of proof as provided in the provisionsof this Proclamation shall be n.ull and void.
43. REPEAL
1/ The Provisions of Title I of Book III of theCommercial Code of Ethiopia, (carriage byland) save those provisions applicable tocarriage of persons are repealed.
2/ No law, regulation, directive or practiceshall, in so far it is inconsistent with thisProclamation, have effect with respect tomatters Provided for in this Proclamation.
44. TRANSITORY PROVISIONS
1) Legal situations created prior to the coming intoforce of this Proclamation shall remain validnotwithstanding that the Provisions of thisProclamation modifies the conditions on whichsuch situations may be created.
2) The Proclamation shall not affect theconsequences having arisen out of such legalsituations prior to the coming into force of thisProclamation
3) Contracts of Carriage existing on the Cominginto force of this Proclamation shall be governedby the Provisions of the Commercial Code underwhich they have been made.
45. Effective Date
This Proclamation shall come into force up onPublication in the Federal Negarit Gazeta.
Done at Addis Ababa, this 6th day of September, 2007
GIRMA WOLDEGIORGIS
PRESIDENT OF THE FEDERALDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA
