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Washington DC-Probable cause to charge William C. Erbey, Executive Chairman of Ocwen Financial Corporation, Ocwen Board of Directors, Ronald M. Faris, Wiliam H. Lacy, Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Robert A. Salcetti, Barry N. Wish, Mitra Hormozi, James Sottile, Zuckerman Spaeder LLP, Timothy Hayes, General Counsel Ocwen Financial Corporation, (“Ocwen”) , related companies, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., William Shepro, Legal Counsel and President of Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. ,Western Progressive – Arizona, Premium Title Services Inc., Keven J. Wilcox, General Counsel, Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. , Keven J. Wilcox, General Counsel Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A. BRADLEY ARANT BOULT CUMMINGS LLP , Robert R. Maddox, J. Riley Key, Douglass Patin, Dana C. Lumsden, Phil Butler, Kimberly B. Martin, Margaret Oertling Cripples, Robert Patterson, Wright Finlay & Zak, Robin P. Wright, T. Robert Finlay, Jonathan M. Zak, Kim R. Lepore, with Indirect Criminal Contempt.Legal Disclaimer: All the above are considered innocent until proven guilty by a court of law.
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1
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES In the Matter of OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC
CONSENT ORDER PURSUANT TO NEW YORK BANKING LAW § 44
The New York State Department of Financial Services (the “Department”) and Ocwen
Financial Corporation, the parent company of Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC (together, “Ocwen”),
(collectively, the “Parties”) stipulate that:
WHEREAS, Ocwen is the fourth largest mortgage loan servicer and the largest servicer
of subprime loans in the United States, servicing an unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of
approximately $430 billion. In New York alone, Ocwen services nearly 130,000 residential
home loans with a total UPB of more than $30 billion.
WHEREAS, Ocwen is a New York State-licensed mortgage banker and mortgage loan
servicer, pursuant to the New York Banking Law, and the Department is responsible for its
supervision and regulation;
WHEREAS, in the last five years, Ocwen has acquired mortgage servicing rights
(“MSRs”) for hundreds of billions of dollars in UPB from several major servicers, including
Litton Loan Servicing LP (“Litton”), Saxon Mortgage Services, Inc. (“Saxon”), and Homeward
Residential Holdings, Inc. (“Homeward”);
WHEREAS, in 2010 and 2011, the multistate examinations of Ocwen, Litton, and
Homeward identified numerous and significant violations of New York State laws and
regulations;
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WHEREAS, on September 1, 2011, in connection with Ocwen’s acquisition of Litton
and amid concerns regarding Ocwen’s rapid growth and capacity to properly acquire and service
a significant portfolio of distressed home loans, Ocwen and the Department entered into an
Agreement on Mortgage Servicing Practices (the “2011 Agreement”), which required Ocwen to
adhere to certain servicing practices in the best interest of borrowers and investors;
WHEREAS, a June 2012 targeted examination of Ocwen revealed that Ocwen violated
the 2011 Agreement;
WHEREAS, as a result of Ocwen’s violation of the 2011 Agreement, Ocwen entered
into a Consent Order with the Department on December 5, 2012, which required Ocwen to retain
an independent compliance monitor (the “Compliance Monitor”) for two years to conduct a
comprehensive review of Ocwen’s servicing operations;
WHEREAS, the Department and the Compliance Monitor identified numerous and
significant additional violations of the 2011 Agreement, as well as New York State laws and
regulations;
NOW, THEREFORE, to resolve this matter, the Parties agree to the following:
Facts
1. Ocwen has grown more than ten-fold in the last several years. Beginning in 2009,
Ocwen significantly expanded its servicing operations through the acquisition of several major
servicers of home loans, as well as the acquisition of MSRs for hundreds of billions of dollars in
UPB. From the end of 2009 to the end of 2013, Ocwen’s servicing portfolio grew from 351,595
residential loans with an aggregate UPB of $50 billion to 2,861,918 residential loans with an
aggregate UPB of $464.7 billion.
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2. In 2010 and 2011, the Department participated in a multistate examination of
Ocwen, as well as examinations of Litton and Homeward, the entities ultimately acquired by
Ocwen. The examination of Ocwen identified, among other things, deficiencies in Ocwen’s
servicing platform and loss mitigation infrastructure, including (a) robo-signing, (b) inaccurate
affidavits and failure to properly validate document execution processes, (c) missing
documentation, (d) wrongful foreclosure, (e) failure to properly maintain books and records, and
(f) initiation of foreclosure actions without proper legal standing.
3. The examinations of Litton and Homeward identified substantial deficiencies,
weaknesses, and violations of laws and regulations relating to, among other things, foreclosure
governance, implementation of modification programs, record keeping, required notifications,
and the charging of unallowable fees.
4. The examination of Litton also revealed that, prior to Ocwen’s acquisition of
Litton, members of Litton’s information technology staff falsified documents provided to the
Department during the review of Litton’s information technology infrastructure.
5. In connection with Ocwen’s acquisition of Litton in 2011 and in light of the
examination findings for both Ocwen and Litton, the Department sought to ensure that Ocwen
had sufficient capacity to properly acquire and manage a significant portfolio of distressed loans,
including the ability to effectively manage the increased volume and comply with requirements
under the federal Home Affordable Modification Program, internal loss mitigation policies and
procedures, and laws and regulations governing mortgage loan servicing and foreclosure
activities.
6. To that end, Ocwen and the Department entered into an Agreement on Mortgage
Servicing Practices on September 1, 2011, which required Ocwen to: (a) establish and maintain
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sufficient capacity to properly acquire and manage its significant portfolio of distressed loans to
ensure a smooth borrower transition; (b) engage in sound document execution and retention
practices to ensure that mortgage files are accurate, complete, and reliable; and (c) implement a
system of robust internal controls and oversight with respect to mortgage servicing practices
performed by its staff and third party vendors to prevent improper foreclosures and maximize
struggling borrowers’ opportunities to keep their homes.
7. In June 2012, the Department conducted a targeted examination of Ocwen to
assess its compliance with the 2011 Agreement and Part 419 of the Superintendent’s
Regulations, which governs business conduct rules for servicers. The examination identified
gaps in the servicing records of certain loans that indicated repeated non-compliance by Ocwen,
including: (a) failing to send borrowers a 90-day notice prior to commencing a foreclosure
action as required under New York Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law (“RPAPL”)
§ 1304, (b) commencing foreclosure actions on subprime loans without affirmatively alleging in
the complaint that Ocwen had standing to bring the foreclosure action as required by RPAPL
§ 1302, and (c) commencing foreclosure actions without sufficient documentation of its standing
to do so.
8. The targeted examination also identified instances that indicated widespread non-
compliance with the 2011 Agreement including: (a) failing to provide borrowers with the direct
contact information for their designated single point of contact, a customer care representative
whose role is to understand each assigned borrower’s circumstances and history to ensure that
the borrower receives efficient and consistent customer care; (b) dual-tracking; (c) failing to
conduct an independent review of loan modification denials; (d) failing to demonstrate adoption
of policies and procedures to effectively track sanctioned third-party vendors, including local
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foreclosure counsel; (e) failing to demonstrate implementation of policies and procedures to
verify borrower information on newly boarded accounts to accurately reflect the status and
current balance of the borrower’s account; and (f) failing to ensure that trial or permanent
modifications granted to borrowers by a prior servicer are honored upon transfer to Ocwen.
9. Consequently, on December 5, 2012, Ocwen entered into a Consent Order with
the Department, which required Ocwen to retain an independent compliance monitor for two
years. The Consent Order mandated that the Compliance Monitor, which would report directly
to the Department, would “conduct a comprehensive review . . . of Ocwen’s servicing
operations, including its compliance program and operational policies and procedures.” The
review would, at a minimum, consider (a) the adequacy of Ocwen’s staffing levels, (b) the
robustness of Ocwen’s established policies and procedures, (c) the fairness of servicing fees and
foreclosure charges, (d) the accuracy of borrower account information, (e) Ocwen’s compliance
with federal and state law, (f) borrower complaints and recordings of customer service, and (g)
Ocwen’s compliance with the Agreement.
10. The Compliance Monitor began work in July 2013.
11. In the course of the Compliance Monitor’s review, it identified numerous and
significant violations of the 2011 Agreement, as well as New York State laws and regulations.
12. For example, a limited review by the Compliance Monitor of 478 New York loans
that Ocwen had foreclosed upon revealed 1,358 violations of Ocwen’s legal obligations, or about
three violations per foreclosed loan. These violations included:
x failing to confirm that it had the right to foreclose before initiating foreclosure proceedings;
x failing to ensure that its statements to the court in foreclosure proceedings were correct;
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x pursuing foreclosure even while modification applications were pending (“dual tracking”);
x failing to maintain records confirming that it is not pursuing foreclosure of servicemembers on active duty; and
x failing to assign a designated customer care representative.
13. The Department and the Compliance Monitor also identified, among other things,
(a) inadequate and ineffective information technology systems and personnel, and (b) widespread
conflicts of interest with related parties.
Inadequate and Ineffective Information Technology Systems and Personnel
14. In the course of its review, the Compliance Monitor determined that Ocwen’s
information technology systems are a patchwork of legacy systems and systems inherited from
acquired companies, many of which are incompatible. A frequent occurrence is that a fix to one
system creates unintended consequences in other systems. As a result, Ocwen regularly gives
borrowers incorrect or outdated information, sends borrowers backdated letters, unreliably tracks
data for investors, and maintains inaccurate records. There are insufficient controls in place—
either manual or automated—to catch all of these errors and resolve them.
15. For example, Ocwen’s systems have been backdating letters for years. In many
cases, borrowers received a letter denying a mortgage loan modification, and the letter was dated
more than 30 days prior to the date that Ocwen mailed the letter. These borrowers were given 30
days from the date of the denial letter to appeal that denial, but those 30 days had already elapsed
by the time they received the backdated letter. In other cases, Ocwen’s systems show that
borrowers facing foreclosure received letters with a date by which to cure their default and avoid
foreclosure—and the cure date was months prior to receipt of the letter. Ocwen’s processes
failed to identify and remedy these errors.
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16. Moreover, Ocwen failed to fully investigate and appropriately address the
backdating issue when an employee questioned the accuracy of Ocwen’s letter dating processes
and alerted the company’s Vice President of Compliance. Ocwen ignored the issue for five
months until the same employee raised it again. While Ocwen then began efforts to address the
backdating issue, its investigation was incomplete and Ocwen has not fully resolved the issue to
date, more than a year after its initial discovery.
17. Ocwen’s core servicing functions rely on its inadequate systems. Specifically,
Ocwen uses comment codes entered either manually or automatically to service its portfolio;
each code initiates a process, such as sending a delinquency letter to a borrower, or referring a
loan to foreclosure counsel. With Ocwen’s rapid growth and acquisitions of other servicers, the
number of Ocwen’s comment codes has ballooned to more than 8,400 such codes. Often, due to
insufficient integration following acquisitions of other servicers, there are duplicate codes that
perform the same function. The result is an unnecessarily complex system of comment codes,
including, for example, 50 different codes for the single function of assigning a struggling
borrower a designated customer care representative.
18. Despite these issues, Ocwen continues to rely on those systems to service its
portfolio of distressed loans. Ocwen’s reliance on technology has led it to employ fewer trained
personnel than its competitors. For example, Ocwen’s Chief Financial Officer recently
acknowledged, in reference to its offshore customer care personnel, that Ocwen is simply
“training people to read the scripts and the dialogue engines with feeling.” Ocwen’s policy is to
require customer support staff to follow the scripts closely, and Ocwen penalizes and has
terminated customer support staff who fail to follow the scripts that appear on their computer
screens. In some cases, this policy has frustrated struggling borrowers who have complex issues
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that exceed the bounds of a script and have issues speaking with representatives at Ocwen
capable of addressing their concerns. Moreover, Ocwen’s customer care representatives in many
cases provide conflicting responses to a borrower’s question. Representatives have also failed in
many cases to record in Ocwen’s servicing system the nature of the concerns that a borrower has
expressed, leading to inaccurate records of the issues raised by the borrower.
19. Ocwen’s inadequate infrastructure and ineffective personnel have resulted in
Ocwen’s failure to fulfill its legal obligations. Prior to the Department’s and the Compliance
Monitor’s review, Ocwen did not take adequate steps to implement reforms that it was legally
obligated to implement pursuant to the 2011 Agreement.
Widespread Conflicts of Interest with Related Parties
20. The Department’s review of Ocwen’s mortgage servicing practices also
uncovered a number of conflicts of interest between Ocwen and four other public companies (the
“related parties”),1 all of which are chaired by Mr. Erbey, who is also the largest individual
shareholder of each and the Executive Chairman of Ocwen. In addition to serving as chairman
of the board for Ocwen and each related company, Mr. Erbey’s holdings in these companies total
more than $1 billion. Other Ocwen executives and directors also own significant investments in
both Ocwen and the related parties. Yet, Ocwen does not have a written policy that explicitly
requires potentially conflicted employees, officers, or directors to recuse themselves from
involvement in transactions with the related companies.
1 The related parties are, as of the date of this Consent Order, Altisource Portfolio Solutions, S.A.
(“Altisource Portfolio”), Altisource Residential Corporation, Altisource Asset Management Corporation, and Home Loan Servicing Solutions Ltd., and any of their affiliates, predecessors and successors in interest, both past and present, and any of their officers, directors, partners, employees, consultants, representatives, and agents or other persons and entities acting under their control or on their behalf.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 8 of 22
(Page 86 of Total)
9
21. Despite Mr. Erbey’s holdings in these companies, Mr. Erbey has not in fact
recused himself from approvals of several transactions with the related parties. Mr. Erbey, who
owns approximately 15% of Ocwen’s stock, and nearly double that percentage of the stock of
Altisource Portfolio, has participated in the approval of a number of transactions between the
two companies or from which Altisource received some benefit, including the renewal of
Ocwen’s forced placed insurance program in early 2014.
22. Ocwen’s close business relationship with related companies is particularly evident
in its relationship with Altisource Portfolio, which has dozens of subsidiaries that perform fee-
based services for Ocwen. In one example, Altisource Portfolio subsidiary Hubzu, an online
auction site, hosts nearly all Ocwen auctions. In certain circumstances, Hubzu has charged more
for its services to Ocwen than to other customers—charges which are then passed on to
borrowers and investors. Moreover, Ocwen engages Altisource Portfolio subsidiary REALHome
Services and Solutions, Inc. as its default real estate agency for short sales and investor-owned
properties, even though this agency principally employs out-of-state agents who do not perform
the onsite work that local agents perform, at the same cost to borrowers and investors.
23. Conflicts of interest are evident at other levels of the Ocwen organization. For
example, during its review, the Monitor discovered that Ocwen’s Chief Risk Officer
concurrently served as the Chief Risk Officer of Altisource Portfolio. The Chief Risk Officer
reported directly to Mr. Erbey in both capacities. This individual seemed not to appreciate the
potential conflicts of interest posed by this dual role, which was of particular concern given his
role as Chief Risk Officer.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 9 of 22
(Page 87 of Total)
10
Settlement Provisions
Monetary Payment
24. Ocwen will pay the amount of $150 million as follows:
a. $100 million paid to the Department by December 31, 2014, as a civil monetary
penalty pursuant to New York Banking Law § 44, to be used by the State of New
York for housing, foreclosure relief, and community redevelopment programs
supporting New York’s housing recovery; and
b. $50 million deposited into an interest-bearing escrow account by December 31,
2014, to be paid as restitution to current and former Ocwen-serviced borrowers in
New York, as follows:
i. $10,000 to each borrower whose home was foreclosed upon by Ocwen
between January 1, 2009, and the date of this Consent Order; and
ii. The balance of the $50 million to be distributed equally among borrowers
who had foreclosure actions filed against them by Ocwen between January
1, 2009, and the date of this Consent Order, but in which Ocwen did not
complete such foreclosure.
25. Ocwen agrees that it will not claim, assert, or apply for a tax deduction or tax
credit with regard to any U.S. federal, state, or local tax, directly or indirectly, for any portion of
the amount paid pursuant to this Consent Order.
Borrower Assistance
26. For borrowers receiving payments pursuant to Paragraph 24(b)(ii), Ocwen will
evaluate such borrowers for all applicable modifications and other foreclosure alternatives in
light of their improved financial condition resulting from such payment.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 10 of 22
(Page 88 of Total)
11
27. Beginning sixty (60) days after the date of execution of the Consent Order, and
for a period of two years thereafter, Ocwen will provide upon request by a New York borrower
that borrower’s complete loan file, which includes all information from all systems, including
comment codes, at no cost to the borrower, regardless of whether such borrower’s loan is still
serviced by Ocwen.
28. Beginning sixty (60) days after the date of execution of the Consent Order,
Ocwen will provide every New York borrower who is denied a modification, short sale, or deed-
in-lieu of foreclosure, a detailed explanation of the reasons for denial.
29. Beginning sixty (60) days after the date of execution of this Consent Order, for all
New York borrowers who have been reported negatively by Ocwen to credit agencies since
January 1, 2010, Ocwen will provide upon request at no cost a copy of such borrower’s credit
report (including credit scores) no more than once a year, regardless of whether such borrower’s
loan is still serviced by Ocwen. Ocwen will make sufficient staff available for borrowers to
inquire about their credit reporting and will dedicate the resources necessary to investigate such
inquiries and promptly correct any errors.
30. The Operations Monitor will oversee Ocwen’s compliance with these borrower
assistance provisions and will work with Ocwen to develop appropriate procedures for such
compliance.
Operations Monitor
31. The Department will select in its sole discretion an independent on-site operations
monitor (the “Operations Monitor”) that will report directly to the Department.
32. The Operations Monitor will review and assess the adequacy and effectiveness of
Ocwen’s operations. Such an assessment will include but is not limited to the following areas:
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 11 of 22
(Page 89 of Total)
12
a. Information technology systems and personnel, including with respect to record
keeping and borrower communications;
b. Number of personnel and the training and expertise of its personnel in all
servicing operations;
c. Onboarding process for newly acquired mortgage servicing rights, including
Ocwen’s ability to onboard newly acquired MSRs without interruption to
servicing newly acquired loans or its existing loan portfolio;
d. Controls in identifying and correcting errors made by Ocwen’s personnel or
systems;
e. Risk management functions;
f. Contracts or proposed contracts with third parties, including but not limited to
related parties;
g. Fees charged by Ocwen to borrowers or mortgage investors; and
h. The Ocwen borrower experience.
33. The Operations Monitor will identify the criteria for determining what constitutes
a “related party” for purposes of compliance with this Consent Order.
34. The purview of the Operations Monitor will extend to all matters directly or
indirectly affecting New York borrowers, including matters that affect borrowers in all states or
in multiple states that include New York.
35. The Operations Monitor will identify needed corrective measures to address
identified weaknesses and deficiencies in Ocwen’s operations, make recommendations to Ocwen
and to the Superintendent, and oversee implementation of reforms. The Operations Monitor will
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 12 of 22
(Page 90 of Total)
13
also develop benchmarks against which to assess Ocwen’s progress in complying with
recommended corrective measures.
36. The Operations Monitor will review and assess Ocwen’s current committees of
the Board of Directors. Ocwen Financial Corporation’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) will
consult with the Operations Monitor concerning, among other things, the structure, composition,
and reporting lines of such committees, and whether certain committees should be either
disbanded or created.
37. The Board will consult with the Operations Monitor to determine which decisions
should be committed to the specific oversight of the Board’s independent directors, or a
committee comprised of such independent directors, including, but not limited to:
a. Approval of transactions with related parties;
b. Approval of transactions to acquire mortgage servicing rights, sub-servicing
rights, or otherwise to increase the number of loans serviced by Ocwen;
c. Approval of new relationships with third-party vendors;
d. Determinations as to whether Ocwen’s servicing, compliance, and information
technology functions are adequately staffed;
e. Determinations as to whether Ocwen’s servicing, compliance, and information
technology personnel are adequately trained;
f. Determinations as to whether Ocwen’s information technology infrastructure and
ongoing investment in information technology systems are adequate;
g. Determinations as to whether Ocwen is adequately addressing the issues
identified by the Operations Monitor and the Compliance Monitor; and
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 13 of 22
(Page 91 of Total)
14
h. Determinations as to whether Ocwen is treating borrowers fairly and is
communicating with borrowers appropriately.
38. The Board will consult with the Operations Monitor to determine whether any
member of senior management should be terminated or whether additional officers should be
retained to achieve the goals of complying with this Consent Order, and all applicable laws,
regulations, and agreements, as well as creating a corporate culture of ethics, integrity,
compliance, and responsiveness to borrowers.
39. Ocwen may acquire MSRs upon (a) meeting benchmarks developed by the
Operations Monitor concerning the adequacy of Ocwen’s onboarding process for newly acquired
MSRs and its ability to adequately service both those newly acquired MSRs and its existing loan
portfolio, and (b) the Department’s approval, not to be unreasonably withheld. The Operations
Monitor will act with reasonable expedition to develop such benchmarks in consultation with
Ocwen. These benchmarks will address, at a minimum, the following:
a. The development and implementation of a satisfactory compliance plan;
b. The development and implementation of a plan to resolve record-keeping and
borrower communication issues;
c. The reasonableness of fees and expenses charged to borrowers and mortgage
investors, including those charged directly or indirectly by related parties;
d. The development and performance of a risk assessment to identify potential risks
and deficiencies in the onboarding process; and
e. The development of a written onboarding plan that addresses potential risks and
deficiencies, including testing and quality control review periodically during the
onboarding process.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 14 of 22
(Page 92 of Total)
15
40. The Operations Monitor will semi-annually review and approve Ocwen’s
benchmark pricing and performance studies with respect to all fees or expenses charged to New
York borrowers by any related party.
41. The Operations Monitor will oversee and ensure Ocwen’s implementation and
adherence to the terms of this Consent Order.
42. Within one hundred twenty (120) days of the date of the formal engagement of
the Operations Monitor, the Operations Monitor will submit to the Parties a preliminary written
report of findings, including, to the extent the Operations Monitor has had the opportunity to
develop them, any proposed corrective measures and associated benchmarks (the “Operations
Report”). The Operations Monitor will submit written monthly action progress reports
(“Progress Reports”) to the Parties. On a quarterly basis, starting ninety (90) days from the date
of the first Operations Report, the Operations Monitor will issue an Operations Report covering
the three-month period immediately preceding.
43. Ocwen agrees to cooperate fully with the Operations Monitor by, including but
not limited to, providing the Operations Monitor access to all relevant personnel and records
necessary on a real-time basis, including those at any overseas locations, and including
information on business decisions pertinent to the work of the Operations Monitor currently
pending or recently made by Ocwen management or its Board of Directors, to allow the
Operations Monitor to fulfill its duties.
44. Any dispute as to the scope of the Operations Monitor’s authority will be resolved
by the Department in the exercise of its sole discretion after appropriate consultation with Ocwen
and/or the Operations Monitor.
45. Ocwen will pay all reasonable and necessary costs of the Operations Monitor.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 15 of 22
(Page 93 of Total)
16
46. The terms of the Operations Monitor will extend for a period of twenty-four (24)
months from the date of formal engagement which shall be no later than May 1, 2015. The
Department may, in its sole discretion, extend the engagement another twelve (12) months if the
Department determines that Ocwen has not sufficiently achieved benchmarks identified by the
Operations Monitor.
Compliance Monitor
47. The Compliance Monitor will remain engaged for at least three (3) months from
the execution of this Consent Order. The Department may, in its sole discretion, extend the
engagement of the Compliance Monitor for a period not to exceed an additional three (3)
months.
48. Following completion of the Compliance Monitor’s engagement, the Operations
Monitor may call upon the Compliance Monitor to perform work that draws on the Compliance
Monitor’s institutional knowledge of Ocwen.
49. Prior to the Operations Monitor’s engagement and for a short transitional period
thereafter not to exceed forty-five (45) days, the Department may in its sole discretion direct the
Compliance Monitor to fill any of the roles of the Operations Monitor described in this Consent
Order.
Board of Directors
50. Ocwen Financial Corporation will expand its Board of Directors by two
independent board members (the “Additional Directors”) in consultation with the Compliance
Monitor or the Operations Monitor.
51. The Additional Directors will not own equity in any related party.
52. Ocwen’s Board will contain no more than two executive directors at any time.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 16 of 22
(Page 94 of Total)
17
Conflicts of Interest
53. With respect to mortgage loans serviced by Ocwen, Ocwen will conduct semi-
annual benchmarking studies of pricing and performance standards with respect to all fees or
expenses charged to New York borrowers or to investors on New York property by any related
party, to determine whether the terms offered by the related party are commensurate with market
rates or, if market rates are not available, are reasonably related to actual expenses incurred by
the related party. Maximum rates for services that are established by government-sponsored
enterprises or other investors may not be presumed to be the market rate and may not substitute
for actual assessment of market rates.
54. Ocwen will not share any common officers or employees with any related party.
55. Ocwen will not share risk, internal audit, or vendor oversight functions with any
related party.
56. Any Ocwen employee, officer, or director owning more than $200,000 equity
ownership in any related party will be recused from negotiating, or voting to approve a
transaction with the related party in which the employee, officer, or director has such equity
ownership, or any transaction that indirectly benefits such related party if such transaction
involves revenues or expense to Ocwen or a related party of $120,000 or more.
Management Changes
57. Effective January 16, 2015, William Erbey will resign from his position as
Executive Chairman of Ocwen, his position as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Altisource
Portfolio, his position of Chairman of the Board of Directors of Altisource Residential
Corporation, his position of Chairman of the Board of Directors of Altisource Asset Management
Corporation, and his position of Chairman of the Board of Directors of Home Loan Servicing
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 17 of 22
(Page 95 of Total)
18
Solutions Ltd. Mr. Erbey will have no directorial, management, oversight, consulting, or any
other role at Ocwen or any related party, or at any of Ocwen’s or the related parties’ affiliates or
subsidiaries as of the date of his resignation. Effective at his resignation, Ocwen’s Board
members and management will not disclose to Mr. Erbey any non-public information about
Ocwen that is not available to other shareholders. In the event that Ocwen discovers a violation
of the terms of this Paragraph, Ocwen will notify the Department of the violation within three (3)
business days of discovery.
No Indemnification
58. Neither Ocwen, nor any of its parents or affiliates will, collectively or
individually, seek or accept, directly or indirectly, reimbursement or indemnification, including,
but not limited to, payment made pursuant to any insurance policy, or from any of its parents or
affiliates, with regard to any or all of the amounts payable pursuant to this Consent Order.
Breach of Consent Order
59. In the event that the Department believes Ocwen to be in material breach of this
Consent Order (“Breach”), the Department will provide written notice to Ocwen, and Ocwen
must, within ten (10) business days of receiving such notice, or on a later date if so determined in
the Department’s sole discretion, appear before the Department to demonstrate that no Breach
has occurred or, to the extent pertinent, that the Breach has been cured.
60. The parties understand and agree that Ocwen’s failure to make the required
showing within the designated time period will be presumptive evidence of Ocwen’s Breach.
Upon a finding of Breach, the Department has all the remedies available to it under the New
York Banking and Financial Services Laws and may use any evidence available to the
Department in any ensuing hearings, notices, or orders.
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 18 of 22
(Page 96 of Total)
19
Wavier of Rights
61. The parties understand and agree that no provision of this Consent Order is
subject to review in any court or tribunal outside the Department.
Parties Bound by the Consent Order
62. This Consent Order is binding on the Department and Ocwen, as well as Ocwen’s
successors and assigns that are under the Department’s supervisory authority. This Consent
Order does not bind any federal or other state agency or any law enforcement authority.
63. Except as set forth in Paragraphs 64 and 65, no further action will be taken by the
Department against Ocwen for the matters set forth in this Consent Order, provided that Ocwen
complies with the terms of the Consent Order.
64. Nothing in this Consent Order shall excuse Ocwen from paying required
restitution to any borrowers harmed by its improper or illegal conduct, including the backdating
of letters to borrowers. To the extent a borrower entitled to restitution has received a cash
payment pursuant to this Consent Order, Ocwen may offset such payment against the restitution
owed to such borrower.
65. Notwithstanding any other provision in this Consent Order, the Department may
undertake additional action against Ocwen for transactions or conduct that: (a) are not set forth
in this Consent Order; (b) Ocwen did not disclose to the Compliance Monitor or the Department
in connection with the Department’s investigation into these matters; and (c) that the Department
and Compliance Monitor were not otherwise aware of in connection with the Department’s
investigation and the work of the Compliance Monitor.
Notices
66. All notices or communications regarding this Consent Order will be sent to:
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 19 of 22
(Page 97 of Total)
20
For the Department:
Daniel Burstein Executive Deputy Superintendent Real Estate Finance Division New York State Department of Financial Services One State Street New York, NY 10004
For Ocwen:
Timothy M. Hayes Executive Vice President and General Counsel Ocwen Financial Corporation 1661 Worthington Road #100 West Palm Beach, FL 33409 Miscellaneous
67. Each provision of this Consent Order will remain effective and enforceable until
stayed, modified, suspended, or terminated by the Department.
68. No promise, assurance, representation, or understanding other than those
contained in this Consent Order has been made to induce any party to agree to the provisions of
the Consent Order.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Consent Order to be signed this 22nd
day of December, 2014.
OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION By: _______________________ RONALD FARIS President and Chief Executive Officer
NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES By: _______________________ BENJAMIN M. LAWSKY Superintendent of Financial Services
OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC By: _______________________ TIMOTHY M. HAYES Executive Vice President
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 20 of 22
(Page 98 of Total)
For the Depmtment:
Daniel Burstein Executive Deputy Superintendent Real Estate Finance Division New York State Department of Financial Services One State Street New York, NY 10004
For Ocwen:
Timothy M. Hayes Executive Vice President and General Counsel Oewen Financial Corporation 1661 WOIthington Road #100 West Palm Beach. FL 33409
Miscellaneous
67. Each provision o[this Consent Order will remain effective and enforceable until
stayed, modified, suspended, or terminated by the Department.
68. No promise, assurance, representation, or understanding other than those
contained in this Consent Order has been made to induce any pmty to agree to the provisions of
the Consent Order.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Consent Order to be signed this 19th
day of December. 2014.
OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF
~9-FINANCIAL SERVICES
By: By: BENc;cJ;-:A~M;oI:-;N-;:M-;-,-;:L--;A-:CW;-;;S'""'K-:::;Y-;--RONALD FARIS
President and Chief Executive Officer Superintendent of Financial Services
OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC
By:TIMO:OccT"'H"'Y=M-;-,coH-;-A:CyC;;EOC,S,-----
Executive Vice President
20
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 21 of 22
(Page 99 of Total)
For the Department:
Daniel Burstein Executive Deputy Superintendent Real Estate Finance Division New York State Department of Financial Services One State Street New York, NY 10004
For Oewen:
Timothy M. Hayes Executive Vice President and General Counsel Ocwen Financial Corporat ion 1661 Worthington Road # 100 We" Palm Beach, FL 33409
Misce ll aneous
67. Each provision of this Consent Order will remain effective and enforceable unt il
stayed. modified, suspended. or terminated by the Department.
68. No promise. assurance. representation, or understanding other than those
conta ined in thi s Consent Order has been made to induce any party to agree to the provisions of
the Consent Order.
IN WITNESS WI-IEREOF, the parties have caused this Consent Order to be signed thi s 19th
day of December. 2014.
OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATlON NEW YORK STATE DEI'ARTMENT OF FI NANCIAL SE RYICES
By: By: RON~~~~~R~~------ liE N:,eJ A = I N,-:C"O".--;LA KY'A L D FA ~I S '-" M o,- M - " '::-Y"'S"'""-;- Pres iden t ,lnd Chief Executive Officer SUJlerintendent of financhll Services
OCWEN LOAN SERV ICING, LLC
BY:-r:V 0{ ~ TIMOTHY M. HAYES Executive Vice President
20
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 22 of 22
(Page 100 of Total)
12/27/2014 Ocwen Chairman to Resign Following $150 Settlement with N.Y. Regulator | Reverse Mortgage Daily
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Ocwen Chairman to Resign
Following $150 Settlement with
N.Y. Regulator
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/12/22/ocwen-
chairman-to-resign-following-150-
settlement-with-n-y-regulator/)
December 22nd, 2014 | by Jason Oliva Published in News
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/category/news/) , Ocwen
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/category/ocwen/) , Reverse Mortgage
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/category/reverse-mortgage/) , Servicers
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/category/reverse-mortgage-servicers/) | 1
Comment (#comments)
The drama continues to unfold for Ocwen Financial Corp. (NYSE: OCN), which
today which today announced the resignation of Founder and Chairman William
C. Erbey, following a $150 million settlement
(http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/ea/ea141222.pdf) with one of its top scrutinizers, the
New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS).
After nearly 30 years of service with the company, Erbey will step down from his
position as Executive Chairman, effective January 16, 2015. Upon his resignation,
current Ocwen Director Barry Wish will assume the role of Non-Executive
Chairman on that date.
“I am grateful to the many associates who have worked alongside me and proud
of what we have accomplished,” Erbey said in a written statement. “I am
confident about Ocwen’s future under the experienced leadership of the executive
team.”
In agreement with the settlement, Erbey will also step down from his positions as
Board Chairman at each of Ocwen’s four related companies, including Altisource
Portfolio Solutions S. A.; Altisource Residential Corporation; Altisource Asset
Management Corporation; and Home Loan Servicing Solutions, Ltd.
“As of these resignations, Mr. Erbey will have no directorial, management,
oversight, consulting, or any other role at Ocwen or any related party, or at any of
Ocwen’s or the related parties’ affiliates or subsidiaries,” said the NYDFS in a
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USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 1 of 6
(Page 101 of Total)
12/27/2014 Ocwen Chairman to Resign Following $150 Settlement with N.Y. Regulator | Reverse Mortgage Daily
http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/12/22/ocwen-chairman-to-resign-following-150-settlement-with-n-y-regulator/ 2/6
(http://engine.adzerk.net/r?
e=eyJhdiI6MjQ5MSwiYXQiOjYsImNtIjozODc4LCJjaCI6MTc4NCwiY3IiOjI1NjE2LCJkaSI6ImZjNGQyYTI3YmRhMzQ5NmI5NTU0ZmRjOTNiNGY4MWMxIiwiZG0iOjEsImZjIjozNjU5NCwiZmwiOjkxNjksImlwIjoiMjQuMS4yNDcuNjkiLCJudyI6OTYsInBjIjoxNTAwLCJwciI6NjUsInJ0IjoxLCJyZiI6Imh0dHA6Ly9yZXZlcnNlbW9ydGdhZ2VkYWlseS5jb20vMjAxNC8xMi8yMi9vY3dlbi1jaGFpcm1hbi10by1yZXNpZ24tZm9sbG93aW5nLTE1MC1zZXR0bGVtZW50LXdpdGgtbi15LXJlZ3VsYXRvci8iLCJzdCI6MTI2OTQsInVrIjoidWUxLWQ5NTJkY2FjNTNkNDQwY2E4MmUxZGExNzQ0ODU3MTFkIiwiem4iOjgyNywidHMiOjE0MTk3MjA5ODQ3NzYsImJmIjp0cnVlLCJ1ciI6Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cuczFsLmNvbS9jb250YWN0LnBocCJ9&s=BE6uZ2IosIzgP4JT7Csms5Nayuw)
(http://engine.adzerk.net/r?
e=eyJhdiI6MzE0MTgsImF0Ijo2LCJjbSI6NDM1NjEsImNoIjoxNzg0LCJjciI6MzM5NjkyLCJkaSI6ImZhM2FkZDAwYzNhYzRiMzg5NGZiNmJjNGM3NDIyNzM2IiwiZG0iOjEsImZjIjo0MTk1NTksImZsIjo3NzMzMCwiaXAiOiIyNC4xLjI0Ny42OSIsIm53Ijo5NiwicGMiOjAsInByIjo2NiwicnQiOjEsInJmIjoiaHR0cDovL3JldmVyc2Vtb3J0Z2FnZWRhaWx5LmNvbS8yMDE0LzEyLzIyL29jd2VuLWNoYWlybWFuLXRvLXJlc2lnbi1mb2xsb3dpbmctMTUwLXNldHRsZW1lbnQtd2l0aC1uLXktcmVndWxhdG9yLyIsInN0IjoxMjY5NCwidWsiOiJ1ZTEtZDk1MmRjYWM1M2Q0NDBjYTgyZTFkYTE3NDQ4NTcxMWQiLCJ6biI6Njc1MzQsInRzIjoxNDE5NzIwOTg0Nzk4LCJiZiI6dHJ1ZSwidXIiOiJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnJldmVyc2Vtb3J0Z2FnZWpvYnNvbmxpbmUuY29tL2pvYi9yZXZlcnNlLW1vcnRnYWdlLWxvYW4tb2ZmaWNlci1uYXRpb253aWRlLTA2NzUifQ&s=waiNt6LedacAkIgcxpOp2Q80TnM)
statement.
Under the terms of the settlement, Ocwen will pay a civil monetary penalty of
$100 million to the NYDFS by December 31, which will be used by the State of
New York for housing, foreclosure relief and community redevelopment programs,
according to a release from the regulator.
The remaining $50 million will be used as restitution to current and former New
York borrowers in the form of $10,000 to each borrower whose home was
foreclosed upon by Ocwen between January 2009 and December 19, 2014. The
balance will then be distributed equally among borrowers who had foreclosure
actions filed, but not completed, by Ocwen between that timeframe.
The settlement, which arrived after the company inadvertently misdated
hundreds of letters (http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/10/27/ocwen-woes-
continue-as-ceo-pens-apology-to-borrowers/) sent to borrowers regarding loan
modifications and foreclosures, was largely prepared for by Ocwen.
In the third quarter, the company recorded a $100 million charge
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/10/30/ocwen-prepares-for-100-million-
servicing-settlement/) in payments in anticipation to settle for servicing charges in
the midst of investigations from the NYDFS. As for the other $50 million, Ocwen
said it will record that amount in its fourth quarter 2014 financial statements.
Also as part of the settlement, Ocwen will not be permitted to acquire additional
mortgage servicing rights, or begin to acquire additional MSRs until an unless it
receives approval from the NYDFS, and meets benchmarks developed by the
independent monitor concerning the adequacy of Ocwen’s onboarding process for
newly acquired MSRs.
“Today’s agreement will deliver significant assistance to Ocwen homeowners in
New York and provide a new path for the company to clean up its operations,”
said Lawsky in a written statement. “We will continue to closely monitor Ocwen
to ensure that it lives up to its obligations under this agreement, and treats
struggling homeowners with the respect and dignity they deserve.”
Ocwen has also agreed to several non-monetary provisions under the settlement,
including monitor-led oversight of its operations, in addition to the New York
borrower assistance measures.
Beginning 60 days after December 19—and for two years—Ocwen will provide,
upon request, New York borrowers with complete loan files at no cost, as well as
provide every N.Y. borrower detailed explanations as to why a loan modification,
short sale (http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/12/18/bloomberg-more-trouble-
for-ocwen/) or deed-in-lieu of foreclosure were denied.
The company will also provide one free credit report per year, at its own expense,
to any N.Y. borrower on request if Ocwen made a negative report to any credit
agency from January 1, 2010, the company will make staff available for borrowers
to inquire about their credit reporting, dedicating resources necessary to
investigate such inquiries and correct any errors.
Another non-monetary provision of the settlement requires the NYDFS to appoint
an independent Operations Monitor to review and assess the adequacy and
effectiveness of Ocwen’s operations for two years, with the regulator having the
option to extend this engagement for another 12 months.
The year has been a tumultuous one—to say the very least—for Ocwen, marked
by numerous investigations from regulators, including the NYDFS as well as the
Monitor of the National Mortgage Settlement, which released a report
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/12/16/ocwen-just-cant-beat-regulator-heat/)
this month examining the company’s compliance with NMS standards.
Even with the ongoing federal probes, penned apology letters
(http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/10/27/ocwen-woes-continue-as-ceo-pens-
apology-to-borrowers/) from executive leadership and series of servicing
downgrades (http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/10/23/ocwen-faces-more-
downgrades-following-regulatory-scrutiny/) , Ocwen has reiterated its cooperation
with regulators time and time again. Today’s settlement is no exception, though
2015 looks to be a rigid year.
“We believe this agreement is in the best interests of our shareholders,
employees, borrowers and mortgage investors,” said Ocwen CEO Ronald Faris.
“We will continue to cooperate with the DFS in the implementation of the terms of
this settlement which we believe will allow Ocwen to continue to focus on what
we do best—helping homeowners.”
e=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_aWQ9MTQ4ZmRlNTgtY2M5Yi0xMWUzLWE2MTgtMDA1MDU2YTA3OGVlIn0&s=YS87naCGiVx4RTsF4mYNSNB3Tmw)
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USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 2 of 6
(Page 102 of Total)
12/27/2014 Ocwen Chairman to Resign Following $150 Settlement with N.Y. Regulator | Reverse Mortgage Daily
http://reversemortgagedaily.com/2014/12/22/ocwen-chairman-to-resign-following-150-settlement-with-n-y-regulator/ 3/6
(http://engine.adzerk.net/r?
e=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&s=7_xmkIWRDwLuuvIxbzKM9DA9kn4)
The fourth-largest mortgage loan servicer in the U.S., Ocwen services an unpaid
principal balance of approximately $430 billion. In New York alone, the company
services nearly 130,000 residential home loans with a total UPB of more than $30
billion.
Written by Jason Oliva (mailto:[email protected])
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USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 3 of 6
(Page 103 of Total)
12/27/2014 Ocwen Chairman to Resign Following $150 Settlement with N.Y. Regulator | Reverse Mortgage Daily
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Here’s How One Finance
Professor Came Around to
Reverse Mortgages8 comments • 16 days ago
joshstephens — Couldn't
agree more. I have presented
the program and our take on
using it as a financial
planning tool to at least 10
advisors who have seen a
live presentation by John …
FHA Loses Competitive Edge
For Home Buyers
1 comment • 25 days ago
The_Cynic — What private
insurer wants to come into
the reverse mortgage
industry when FHA is
reporting a one year actuarial
determined loss of $7.7
billion for last fiscal year? Yet
that loss …
Time: Save Your HomeEquity Until You Really Need
It1 comment • 24 days ago
Dave83049 — I believe you
should take out the reverse
mortgage when you don't
need it and place all the
equity into the line of credit
(LOC). The balance in the
line of credit will grow at a …
Open Mortgage Picks UpReverse Originations Arm
From 360 Mortgage1 comment • 17 days ago
John Smaldone — My
congratulations to Scott
Gordon and Joe Morris. They
are good people and I am
looking forward to them
becoming a force in the
industry.John A. Smaldone
ALSO ON REVERSE MORTGAGE DAILY
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The_Critic • 4 days ago
Have the policies and transactions sanctioned by Erbey already
so irreparably harmed the reputation of Ocwen that Liberty will
never again rise above where it is today? Liberty most likely has
not been helped.
Having Ocwen related to this industry is NOT an overall benefit
to the industry at this time.
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1/14/2015 Ocwen, California Regulators Lock Horns - WSJ
http://www.wsj.com/articles/ocwen-financials-shares-tumble-on-california-concerns-1421178252 1/3
Ocwen Financial Corp. is facing a new front in its long-running battle with regulators.
Already reeling from a lengthy fight with New York’s top financial regulator, Ocwen on
Tuesday pushed back against charges in California that it had failed to produce
required documents in an examination of its mortgage-servicing practices. Investors
reacted negatively to the latest headache and pushed Ocwen’s stock down 36%.
California’s Department of Business Oversight began a routine examination of Ocwen
at the beginning of 2013, then engaged in more than a year of confidential disputes
over Ocwen’s alleged failure to provide all the requested records, according to an
October state court filing.
The state regulator issued a subpoena in March 2014, and then when Ocwen still failed
to respond properly, the state filed civil charges in a state administrative court in
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http://www.wsj.com/articles/ocwen-financials-shares-tumble-on-california-concerns-1421178252
MARKETS
Ocwen, California Regulators LockHornsShares Slide 36% as State Says Mortgage Servicer Hasn’t Produced Requested Documents;
Ocwen Says It Has Complied
Updated Jan. 13, 2015 11:35 p.m. ET
By JAMES STERNGOLD
RELATED STORIES
Erbey’s Exit Ends Heady Era at Ocwen (http://www.wsj.com/articles/new-york-financial-regulator-
announces-settlement-with-ocwen-1419257065)
Timeline: Ocwen’s Regulatory Troubles (http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/12/22/ocwens-regulatory-
troubles-a-timeline)
Rules That Aided Ocwen Now Contribute to Woes (http://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/12/23/rules-that-
aided-ocwen-now-contribute-to-woes/?KEYWORDS=ocwen)
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 1 of 3
(Page 138 of Total)
1/14/2015 Ocwen, California Regulators Lock Horns - WSJ
http://www.wsj.com/articles/ocwen-financials-shares-tumble-on-california-concerns-1421178252 2/3
October seeking to suspend Ocwen’s license to do business in California, its largest
market. Those charges listed more than a dozen occasions when California requested
the records or when Ocwen allegedly provided just a portion.
“The bottom line is they have engaged in serial failures to give us the information that
was requested,” said Tom Dresslar, an agency spokesman. “They came in with dribs
and drabs and repeatedly failed to give us what we need to ensure they are in
compliance.”
He said the state was still seeking to suspend Ocwen, but Ocwen countered the
assertions Tuesday, saying it is “cooperating fully” and had already complied with the
demands.
“We have dedicated substantial resources toward satisfying the DBO’s requests,”
Ronald Faris, Ocwen’s chief executive officer, said in a statement. “We believe we have
provided the requested information in the format requested. We expect that we will
receive follow-up requests or clarifications and that further document and
information exchanges may take place.”
He added, “We expect our ongoing cooperation will result in a satisfactory outcome for
all parties.”
Mr. Dresslar rejected the statement. “Wrong,” he said when asked if indeed Ocwen had
provided all the records. “No.”
The requested records relate to Ocwen’s main business, the servicing of mortgages,
mostly for distressed homeowners. They were sought as part of a routine examination
to make sure the company was complying with a law protecting homeowners going
through foreclosures, loan modifications and other legal procedures, Mr. Dresslar
said.
The problems with California follow a series of investigations and penalties by New
York state regulators over Ocwen’s practices regarding distressed mortgage
borrowers and relations with its affiliated companies. New York penalized Ocwen $150
million and, in December, forced the company’s executive chairman and largest
shareholder, William Erbey, to resign
The stock, which closed at $7.78 Tuesday, has fallen about 86% in the past year.
With Ocwen’s California issue, reported earlier in the Los Angeles Times, if Ocwen
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1/14/2015 Ocwen, California Regulators Lock Horns - WSJ
http://www.wsj.com/articles/ocwen-financials-shares-tumble-on-california-concerns-1421178252 3/3
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ultimately doesn't or cannot satisfy the regulator’s demands, it could be forced to
transfer its mortgage servicing rights in the state to other companies, said Mr.
Dresslar. He said the next hearing before the administrative judge is scheduled for
July.
Bose George, an analyst with Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, said that, while burdensome,
he thought Ocwen would eventually resolve the problem with California, though it
could prove costly.
Others weren't so sure. The continued regulatory problems and failure to reform have
undermined market confidence in the company to the point that it is raised concerns
about whether it can continue as an independent operation, said Kevin Barker, an
analyst at Compass Point Research & Trading LLC.
“I think we’re at that point,” Mr. Barker said. “These accusations are having serious
and far-reaching implications for this company,” Mr. Barker said.
Mr. George said the new disclosure raised a potentially serious problem of whether
Ocwen should have reported the subpoena from California earlier, when it was issued.
Companies are normally required to disclose all “material” matters that can affect
operations or their stocks.
While companies are normally required to disclose important regulatory issues that
can have a material impact on their operations or stock price, Ocwen hasn’t made any
disclosures about the demands of California or the threat to suspend its license before
today.
“This does look material,” said Mr. George.
Ocwen declined to comment specifically on its disclosures.
Write to James Sterngold at [email protected]
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1/14/2015 Rules That Aided Ocwen Now Contribute to Woes - MoneyBeat - WSJ
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MARKETS & FINANCE
Log In
EUROPE COMMODITIES
4:12 pm ETDec 23, 2014 ECONOMY & BUSINESS
COMMENTS
Rules That Aided Ocwen NowContribute to Woes
MORTGAGE-SERVICING MORTGAGES NEW YORK OCWEN REGULATORS SETTLEMENT
SUBPRIME MORTGAGES
By ALAN ZIBEL
WASHINGTON—Ocwen Financial Corp.’s rapid growth–and subsequent troubles–stem in
part from new rules that have pushed many banks out of the business of collecting
borrowers’ loan payments.
Big banks have gotten out of the mortgage-servicing business in the face of post-crisis
rules imposed by regulators to prevent the kinds of problems that plagued troubled
borrowers in 2008. The regulations require banks to ensure the proper treatment of
borrowers, including written notices of alternatives to foreclosure, and to hold larger
amounts of capital if they engage in mortgage-servicing.
Ocwen swooped in to buy mortgage servicing businesses from banks like Goldman
Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley MS -2.28% , which sold off their troubled
subprime mortgage-servicing businesses. In addition, Ocwen and other companies have
picked up mortgage-servicing assets from banks that remain big mortgage industry
players.
The company, which reached a $150 million settlement with a New York regulator this
week over allegations of mistreating homeowners, grew to become the fourth-largest
player in the U.S. mortgage-servicing industry in the third quarter of 2014, from the 16th
largest in 2010, according to Inside Mortgage Finance, a trade publication in Bethesda,
Md. As of the third quarter, Ocwen had $401 billion in mortgage-servicing assets and a
4.1% market share.
The shift of mortgage servicing into nonbanks has prompted some worries among
federal regulators given companies like Ocwen don’t have the same financing or
oversight requirements as banks. While state-level regulators and the Consumer
Financial Protection Bureau have some power over such non-bank mortgage servicers
“many of them are not currently subject to prudential standards such as capital, liquidity,
or risk management oversight,” the Financial Stability Oversight Council said in a report
this summer.
“Mortgage investors’ ability to collect on mortgages is dependent on a single mortgage
servicing company, where failure could have significant negative consequences for
market participants,” the report said.
New York officials, in their consent agreement with Ocwen, highlighted evidence of the
company’s rapid growth. The company used “a patchwork of legacy systems and
systems inherited from acquired companies, many of which are incompatible,” the order
said. “ A frequent occurrence is that a fix to one system creates unintended
consequences in other systems.”
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Ocwen “gives borrowers incorrect or outdated information, sends borrowers backdated
letters, unreliably tracks data for investors, and maintains inaccurate records,” the
regulator said.
Isaac Boltansky, a Washington analyst with Compass Point Research and Trading, said
the sale of mortgage-servicing assets to non-bank firms is an example of how some of
the new regulations imposed under the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial law have done little to
reduce financial-system risks.
“There are clear instances where the law has simply increased the size of the nonbank
space,” he said.
As a non-bank , Ocwen does not have a base of deposits. But unlike banks, mortgage
servicers have been able to operate after filing for bankruptcy protection.
Ally Financial Inc.’s former mortgage subsidiary, Residential Capital LLC, filed for
Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2012 . Later that year, Ocwen and another non-bank
servicer purchased Residential Capital’s mortgage servicing assets for $3 billion.
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Investment Banking ScorecardUpdated January 14, 2015
The Dealogic and WSJ scorecard breaks down the investment
banking industry by region, product, bank and sector.
Below shows year-on-year global volume and top 10 banks in $
billions and global investment banking revenue and top 10 banks
in $ millions:
25%
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Equity Capital Markets $18.9
Debt Capital Markets $193.8
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USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 2 of 3
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1/14/2015 Rules That Aided Ocwen Now Contribute to Woes - MoneyBeat - WSJ
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1/14/2015 Ocwen’s Regulatory Troubles: A Timeline - MoneyBeat - WSJ
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MARKETS & FINANCE
Log In
EUROPE COMMODITIES
9:00 am ETDec 22, 2014 REGULATORY
COMMENTS (9)
Mr. Law sky — Reuters
Ocwen’s Regulatory Troubles: ATimeline
BENJAMIN LAWSKY NEW YORK STATE DEPARTMENT OF FINANCIAL SERVICES OCWEN
By ALAN ZIBEL
Mortgage servicer Ocwen Financial Corp. OCN -10.03% grew rapidly after the financial
crisis, but ran into trouble with New York officials, state attorneys general and the
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau over the treatment of homeowners and other
issues.
A timeline of events:
September 2011: New York state’s superintendent of financial services, Benjamin M.
Lawsky, reaches a pact with Goldman Sachs Group Inc. approving the sale of its
mortgage servicing business to Ocwen Financial Corp., with new standards to prevent
foreclosure abuses.
November 2011: Mr. Lawsky approves
the sale of Morgan Stanley MS -2.28% ’s
mortgage servicing business to Ocwen,
imposes similar foreclosure abuse
conditions.
October 2012: Ocwen agrees to pay
$750 million in cash and stock to acquire
Homeward Residential Holdings Inc, a
lender and servicer.
December 2012: Mr. Lawsky, citing
alleged violations of the 2011 agreement,
refuses to approve Ocwen’s plans to approve to buy Homeward Residential and the
mortgage-servicing unit of Residential Capital LLC, demanding that Ocwen bring on a
monitor to oversee the company’s mortgage operations. Mr. Lawsky later approves to
the Homeward and Residential Capital deals after Ocwen agrees to put the monitor in
place.
December 2013: Ocwen reaches a $2.1 billion settlement with the Consumer
Financial Protection Bureau and 49 states over alleged homeowner abuses.
February 2014: Mr. Lawsky blocks Ocwen’s plans to buy the rights to collect
payments on $39 billion of loans from Wells Fargo WFC -1.16% & Co., citing concerns
about the company’s rapid growth. Mr. Lawsky also says he is examining Ocwen’s
relationships with affiliated firms, saying he has uncovered potential conflicts of interest.
August 2014: Mr. Lawsky alleges that Ocwen earned as much as $65 million a year from
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distressed homeowners by routing home insurance fees to affiliated companies; Ocwen
says it will restate earnings due to accounting problems and discloses Securities and
Exchange Commission investigation of dealings with related companies.
October 2014: Mr. Lawsky says Ocwen backdated thousands of letters to borrowers
that prevented them from being able to promptly correct problem loans. Ocwen
apologizes. Ocwen sets aside $100 million for New York settlement.
November 2014: Ocwen, Wells Fargo cancel planned sale of mortgage-servicing
business.
December 2014: Ocwen criticized by mortgage-settlement watchdog over its compliance
with the 2012 mortgage-practices settlement.
December 2014: Ocwen Executive Chairman William Erbey agrees to step down as
part of $150 million settlement with Mr. Lawsky.
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USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 3 of 3
(Page 146 of Total)
-1- ACCUSATION IN SUPPORT OF NOTICE OF INTENT TO ISSUE AN ORDER SUSPENDING RESIDENTIAL
MORTGAGE LENDER AND LOAN SERVICER LICENSE
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MARY ANN SMITH Deputy Commissioner SEAN ROONEY Assistant Chief Counsel ALEX M. CALERO (CA STATE BAR NO. 238389) Corporations Counsel CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS OVERSIGHT 1350 Front Street, Room 2034 San Diego, California 92101 Telephone: (619) 525-4044 Facsimile: (619) 525-4045 Attorneys for the Complainant
BEFORE THE DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS OVERSIGHT
OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In the Matter of the Accusation of THE COMMISSIONER OF BUSINESS OVERSIGHT, Complainant, vs. OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC, Respondent.
File No.: 413-0544
ACCUSATION IN SUPPORT OF NOTICE OF INTENT TO ISSUE AN ORDER SUSPENDING RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE LENDER AND LOAN SERVICER LICENSE
The Commissioner of Business Oversight (“Commissioner” and “Complainant”), in her
capacity as head of the California Department of Business Oversight, formerly the Department of
Corporations (“Department”), is informed and believes and based upon such information and belief
alleges and charges as follows:
I.
BACKGROUND
Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC (“Ocwen”) is a residential mortgage lender and loan servicer
licensed by the Commissioner pursuant to the California Residential Mortgage Lending Act
("CRMLA") (Cal. Fin. Code § 50000 et seq.). Ocwen has its principal place of business located at
1661 Worthington Road, Suite 100, West Palm Beach, Florida, 33409. In California, Ocwen has a
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branch office located at 2255 North Ontario Street, Suite 400, Burbank, California, 91504.
In December 2014, Ocwen reported that it was servicing more than $90 billion in mortgage
loans and had foreclosed on more than 2500 borrowers during the previous year.
II.
REGULATORY EXAMINATION AND ORDER TO DISCONTINUE VIOLATIONS
Pursuant to California Financial Code section 50302, the Commissioner is required to
examine the records, documents and affairs of each licensee under the CRMLA to ensure compliance
with the law. California Financial Code section 50314 requires a licensee to keep records and
documents that will properly enable the Commissioner to determine whether the licensee is in
compliance with the law.
On or about January 8, 2013, the Commissioner commenced a regulatory examination of
Ocwen through her examination staff. On October 15, 2013, the Commissioner’s examination staff
made additional written requests for documents and information to Ocwen, to ensure its compliance
with the recently enacted California Homeowners Bill of Rights (“HBOR”), a package of
amendments to the California Civil Code that became law on January 1, 2013. Ocwen failed to
produce all of the requested documentation and information.
On February 7, 2014, the Department by letter made additional written requests to Ocwen for
documentation and information. The February 7, 2014 request, in large part, seeks production of
documents which should have been produced in response to the Commissioner’s January 8, 2013 and
October 15, 2013 requests. Ocwen was given a deadline of February 25, 2014 to produce the
documentation and information.
On February 25, 2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the documentation called for in the
February 7, 2014 request. Ocwen informed the Department that it would be producing further
documentation and, on March 7, 2014, Ocwen produced additional documentation.
The Department contacted Ocwen on March 10, 11 and 12, 2014 to inquire whether the
February 25, 2014 and March 7, 2014 productions consist of all of the documentation called for in the
Department’s February 7, 2014 request. Ocwen did not respond to the Department’s inquiries. The
documentation produced by Ocwen in response to the Department’s February 7, 2014 request is
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incomplete.
Based on Ocwen’s failure to produce all documentation and information called for in the
Department’s February 7, 2014 request, on March 12, 2014, the Commissioner issued an
administrative subpoena duces tecum requesting documentation and information from Ocwen. The
documentation requested in the administrative subpoena duces tecum is almost identical to the
documentation called for in the Department’s February 7, 2014 request. Ocwen was given a deadline
of March 21, 2014 to produce the documentation and information.
On March 22, 2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the documentation called for in the
subpoena duces tecum.
On April 22, 2014, representatives of Ocwen and the Commissioner took part in a conference
call regarding the deficiencies in Ocwen’s production of documentation. Ocwen agreed to produce
additional documentation and information.
On April 24, 2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the documentation discussed during the
April 22, 2014 conference call.
On May 1, 2014, the Department informed Ocwen that Ocwen’s latest production is
incomplete. The Department requested that Ocwen produce the outstanding documentation and
information by May 5, 2014, or the Commissioner may issue administrative orders and file a petition
in California Superior Court to compel Ocwen to comply with the ongoing examination and
administrative subpoena duces tecum.
On May 5, 2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the outstanding documentation and
information called for in the subpoena duces tecum.
Based on the above, on June 16, 2014, the Commissioner issued an Order to Discontinue
Violations, pursuant to California Financial Code section 50321, to Ocwen. The Order to Discontinue
Violations was issued as a result of Ocwen’s failure to produce documentation and information upon
request of the Commissioner and within the time period specified that would properly enable the
Commissioner to determine whether Ocwen is properly performing residential mortgage loan
servicing functions, in violation of California Financial Code section 50314. The Order to
Discontinue Violations required Ocwen to immediately cease the violation set forth above and
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immediately produce all books and records requested by the Commissioner by June 26, 2014.
On June 16, 2014, Ocwen was served with the Order to Discontinue Violations. Ocwen did
not request a hearing to challenge the Order to Discontinue Violations and the Order to Discontinue
Violations is now final.
After service of the Order to Discontinue Violations, Ocwen produced a portion of the
outstanding documentation and information.
On August 4, 2014, representatives of Ocwen and the Commissioner took part in a meeting
regarding Ocwen’s production of documentation. As a result of discussions during the meeting, it
became apparent that Ocwen had not produced all outstanding documentation by June 26, 2014, as
directed in the Order to Discontinue Violations.
III.
JUNE 16, 2014 REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
As a part of the Commissioner’s regulatory examination, on June 16, 2014, the Department by
letter requested a loan servicing report and other information from Ocwen. The letter required that the
report and information be produced within five (5) days from the date of the letter. Further, the letter
informed Ocwen that failure to produce the requested report and information may lead to the
Commissioner taking adverse action against Ocwen’s license.
On June 26, 2014, ten (10) days after the Department’s June 16, 2014 letter, Ocwen produced
a portion of the information requested in the Department’s letter.
On July 10, 2014, representatives of Ocwen and the Commissioner took part in a conference
call to obtain clarification on the documentation and information produced by Ocwen. As confirmed
by discussions during the conference call, Ocwen had still not produced all the information called for
in the June 16, 2014 letter.
On July 11, 2004, the Department by letter notified Ocwen that as a result of Ocwen’s failure
to produce all matters requested in the June 16, 2014 letter, within the five (5) day time frame, Ocwen
shall forfeit to the Commissioner a sum of one hundred dollars ($100) for every day, beginning July
11, 2014, up to ten (10) days, that date being July 20, 2014, until Ocwen produces all of the matters
requested. The letter further informed Ocwen that if it fails to produce all matters requested by 8:00
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a.m. on July 21, 2014, this failure shall constitute grounds for the suspension or revocation of
Ocwen’s license pursuant to California Financial Code section 50327.
On July 21, 2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the outstanding information called for in the
June 16, 2014 letter. On July 22, 2014, Ocwen made a further production of requested information.
To date, Ocwen has not produced a complete report containing all of the information requested.
IV.
JULY 31, 2014 AND AUGUST 5, 2014 REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION
On July 31, 2014 and August 5, 2014, the Department by letters requested loan servicing
reports from Ocwen for a sample of 1200 and 120 loans, respectively. The letters required that the
reports be produced by August 15, 2014, in preparation for an on-site examination of Ocwen to
commence on August 18, 2014. Both letters informed Ocwen that failure to produce the requested
information may lead to the Commissioner taking adverse action against Ocwen’s license.
Ocwen did not produce the requested information by August 15, 2018. Instead, on August 18,
2014, Ocwen produced a portion of the information requested in the July 31, 2014 and August 5,
2014 letters and informed the Department that the remaining information would be produced at a
later date.
On August 18, 2014, the Department by letter notified Ocwen that as a result of Ocwen’s
failure to produce all matters requested in the July 31, 2014 and August 5, 2014 letters, by the August
15, 2014 deadline, Ocwen shall forfeit to the Commissioner a sum of one hundred dollars ($100) for
every day, beginning August 18, 2014, up to ten (10) days, that date being August 27, 2014, until
Ocwen produces all of the matters requested. The letter further informed Ocwen that if it fails to
produce all matters required by 8:00 a.m. on August 28, 2014, this failure shall constitute ground for
the suspension or revocation of Ocwen’s license pursuant to California Financial Code section 50327.
Since August 28, 2014, Ocwen has made some partial productions of the information
requested in the July 31, 2014 and August 5, 2014 letters. However, to date, Ocwen has still not
produced all matters requested.
///
///
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V.
LAW
Section 50326 of the California Financial Code provides, in relevant part, that: If any licensee fails to do any of the following, the licensee shall forfeit to the people of the state a sum of up to one hundred dollars ($100) for every day up to the 10th day: (a) to make any report required by law or by the commissioner within 10 days from the day designated for the making of the report . . . or (b) fails to include therein any matter required by law or by the commissioner. Thereafter, any failure shall constitute grounds for the suspension or revocation of the license held by the residential mortgage lender or residential mortgage loan servicer.
(Cal. Fin. Code § 50326.)
Section 50327 of the California Financial Code provides that:
(a) The commissioner may, after notice and a reasonable opportunity to be heard, deny, decline to renew, suspend, or revoke any license if the commissioner finds that: (1) The licensee has violated any provision of this division or any rule or order of the commissioner thereunder; or (2) any fact or condition exists that, if it had existed at the time of the original application for the license, reasonably would have warranted the commissioner in refusing to issue the license originally.
(Cal. Fin. Code § 50237.)
VI.
CONCLUSION
The Commissioner finds that, by reason of the foregoing, Ocwen has violated Financial Code
section 50326 and has violated a prior issued Order to Discontinue Violations and based thereon,
grounds exist to suspend the residential mortgage lender and loan servicer license of Ocwen for a
period of up to twelve (12) months.
WHEREFORE, IT IS PRAYED that the residential mortgage lender and loan servicer license
of Ocwen be suspended for a period of up to twelve (12) months.
Dated: October 3, 2014 San Diego, CA JAN LYNN OWEN Commissioner of Business Oversight
By: ___________________________ ALEX M. CALERO Senior Corporations Counsel Enforcement Division
USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 6 of 6
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
Daniel Alberstone (SBN 105275) [email protected] Roland Tellis (SBN 186269) [email protected] Mark Pifko (SBN 228412) [email protected] Michael Isaac Miller (SBN 266459) [email protected] BARON & BUDD, P.C. 15910 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 1600 Encino, California 91436 Telephone: (818) 839-2333 Facsimile: (818) 986-9698
Additional Counsel Identified Below Attorneys for Plaintiff DAVID WEINER, individually, and on behalf of other members of the public similarly situated
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
DAVID WEINER, individually, and on behalf of other members of the public similarly situated, Plaintiff,
vs.
OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, a Florida corporation, and OCWEN LOAN SERVICING, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company,
Defendants.
Case Number:
CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT FOR:
(1) Violations of California’s Unfair
Competition Law (Cal. Bus. & Prof.
Code §§ 17200 et seq.);
(2) Violations of the Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Act (18 U.S.C. § 1962(c));
(3) Violations of the Racketeer
Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Act (18 U.S.C. § 1962(d));
(4) Violations of the Rosenthal fair Debt
Collection Practices Act (Cal. Civ.
Code §§ 1788, et seq.);
(5) Unjust Enrichment
(6) Fraud; and
(7) Breach of Contract
Jury Trial Demanded
Case 2:14-cv-02597-MCE-DAD Document 1 Filed 11/05/14 Page 1 of 43USCA Case #14-5265 Document #1532155 Filed: 01/15/2015 Page 1 of 43
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
For his complaint against Ocwen Financial Corporation (“OFC”) and Ocwen Loan
Servicing, LLC (“OLS”) (collectively “Ocwen” or “Defendants”), Plaintiff David
Weiner (“Plaintiff”), individually, and on behalf of all other members of the public
similarly situated, based on information and belief, alleges as follows:
NATURE OF THE ACTION
1. This case concerns fraudulent practices committed by Ocwen in connection
with its home mortgage loan servicing business. Taking advantage of the economic
downturn and the increasing number of loans in default, Ocwen devised a scheme to
deceive homeowners who are behind on their mortgage payments into paying, or
believing they have to pay, hundreds or thousands of dollars in unlawfully marked-up
fees.
2. Ocwen uses an enterprise of affiliated companies, including Altisource
Portfolio Solutions S.A. (“Altisource”) -- a wholly-owned subsidiary of OFC until 2009,
when it was spun-off into a separate company -- to engage in its scheme to disguise
hidden, marked-up fees so that it could earn additional, undisclosed profits. Through this
unlawful enterprise, Ocwen assesses homeowners fees for services performed by vendors,
which are unlawfully marked up, often by 100% or more.
3. More specifically, when home mortgage borrowers get behind on their
payments and go into “default,” Ocwen obtains a number of default-related services
which purportedly are designed to protect the lender’s interest in the property. To obtain
these services, Ocwen funnels the work through its affiliated company, Altisource, who
then orders these services using a network of third-party vendors. As a matter of practice,
Altisource marks up the third-party vendors’ actual cost for their services, and then,
passes along the marked-up charge to Ocwen. Without disclosing the mark-up, Ocwen, in
turn, assesses the marked-up fees for these default-related service on homeowners’
accounts.
4. Ocwen is well-aware that its marked-up fees violate the disclosures made in
homeowners’ mortgage contracts because the fees exceed the actual cost of the default-
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
related services, so when Ocwen collects, or attempts to collect, such fees, it is not merely
being “paid back,” or collecting “amounts disbursed,” nor are such fees “reasonable and
appropriate” to protect the note holder’s interest in the property and rights under the deed
of trust. Nevertheless, through this fraudulent scheme, Ocwen is able to quietly profit
from default-related service fees at the expense of distressed homeowners -- a particularly
vulnerable class of consumers who are struggling to keep their homes.
5. Ocwen’s fraudulent loan servicing practices are designed to avoid detection,
even when examined in bankruptcy proceedings. As one court has explained, “[l]enders
have apparently been operating under the assumption that the fees and costs in their
proofs of claim are invulnerable to challenge because debtors lack the sophistication, the
debtors’ bar lacks the financial motivation, and bankruptcy courts lack the time. . . .[T]he
Court believes that certain members of the mortgage industry are intentionally attempting
to game the system by requesting undocumented and potentially excessive fees.”1
6. This type of rampant abuse by mortgage servicers like Ocwen has led federal
regulators to enter into numerous consent orders, but according to Mark Pearce, Director,
Division of Depositor and Consumer Protection, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation:2
1 In re: Prevo, 394 B.R. 847, 848, 851 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2008) (emphasis added).
2 See Mark Pearce, Director, Division of Depositor and Consumer Protection, Federal
Deposit Insurance Corporation, Mortgage Servicing: An Examination of the Role of
Federal Regulators in Settlement Negotiations and the Future of Mortgage Servicing
Standards, before the Subcommittees on Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit, and
Oversight and Investigations Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of
Representatives, July 7, 2011, available at
http://financialservices.house.gov/UploadedFiles/070711pearce.pdf (last visited, Feb. 1,
2012).
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
these consent orders do not fully identify and remedy past errors in mortgage-servicing operations of large institutions; in fact, the scope of the interagency review did not include a review of . . . the fees charged in the servicing process. Much work remains to identify and correct past errors and to ensure that the servicing process functions effectively, efficiently, and fairly going forward.
7. In addition to marking up fees for default-related services, Ocwen also has a
policy, practice, and procedure of misapplying homeowners’ payments, which, in turn,
generates fee income and larger profits for Ocwen and its affiliates.
8. Plaintiff brings this action, seeking injunctive relief and damages on behalf of
himself and the thousands of other homeowners who have been victimized by Ocwen’s
uniform scheme.
JURISDICTION AND VENUE
9. Jurisdiction is proper in this Court under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d)(2). The matter
in controversy, exclusive of interest and costs, exceeds the sum or value of $5,000,000
and is a class action in which members of the class of plaintiffs are citizens of states
different from Defendants. Further, greater than two-thirds of the members of the Class
reside in states other than the states in which Defendants are citizens.
10. This Court also has jurisdiction over this matter under 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331,
1961, 1962 and 1964. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendants under 18
U.S.C. §1965. In addition, under 28 U.S.C. § 1367, this Court may exercise supplemental
jurisdiction over the state law claims because all of the claims are derived from a common
nucleus of operative facts and are such that Plaintiff ordinarily would expect to try them in
one judicial proceeding.
11. Venue lies within this judicial district under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(1) and
(c)(2) because Defendants’ contacts are sufficient to subject them to personal jurisdiction
in this District, and therefore, Defendants reside in this District for purposes of venue, or
under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(2) because certain acts giving rise to the claims at issue in this
Complaint occurred, among other places, in this District.
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PARTIES
12. Plaintiff David Weiner is an individual and a citizen of California.
13. Defendant Ocwen Financial Corporation is a corporation organized under the
laws of Florida, with its principal place of business in Atlanta, Georgia.
14. Defendant Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC is Delaware limited liability
company, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Ocwen Financial Corporation.
Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC maintains operations in this District related to the activities
at issue in this case, including operations concerning the management of loans that are in
default, which are conducted from offices located in Burbank, California. Ocwen Loan
Servicing, LLC’s headquarters are located in West Palm Beach, Florida. It is licensed to
service mortgage loans in all fifty states, including California, the District of Columbia,
and two U.S. territories.
15. Whenever, in this Complaint, reference is made to any act, deed, or conduct
of Defendants committed in connection with the enterprise, the allegation means that
Defendants engaged in the act, deed, or conduct by or through one or more of their
officers, directors, agents, employees or representatives, each of whom was actively
engaged in the management, direction, control or transaction of the ordinary business and
affairs of Defendants and the enterprise.
16. Plaintiff is informed and believes, and based thereon, alleges that, at all
material times herein, each of the Defendants was the agent, servant, or employee of the
other Defendants, and acted within the purpose, scope, and course of said agency, service,
or employment, and with the express or implied knowledge, permission, and consent of
the other Defendants, and ratified and approved the acts of the other Defendants.
17. Defendants are the ultimate recipient of the ill-gotten gains described herein.
The fraudulent scheme at issue in this case was organized by executives working at the
highest levels of Defendants’ respective companies, and carried out by both executives
and subordinate employees working for Defendants.
FACTUAL BACKGROUND
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America’s Lending Industry Has Divorced itself from the Borrowers it Once Served
18. Ocwen’s unlawful loan servicing practices exemplify how America’s lending
industry has run off the rails.
19. Traditionally, when people wanted to borrow money, they went to a bank or
a “savings and loan.” Banks loaned money and homeowners promised to repay the bank,
with interest, over a specific period of time. The originating bank kept the loan on its
balance sheet, and serviced the loan -- processing payments, and sending out applicable
notices and other information -- until the loan was repaid. The originating bank had a
financial interest in ensuring that the borrower was able to repay the loan.
20. Today, however, the process has changed. Mortgages are now packaged,
bundled, and sold to investors on Wall Street through what is referred to in the financial
industry as mortgage backed securities or MBS. This process is called securitization.
Securitization of mortgage loans provides financial institutions with the benefit of
immediately being able to recover the amounts loaned. It also effectively eliminates the
financial institution’s risk from potential default. But, by eliminating the risk of default,
mortgage backed securities have disassociated the lending community from homeowners.
21. Numerous unexpected consequences have resulted from the divide between
lenders and homeowners. Among other things, securitization has led to the development
of an industry of companies which make money primarily through servicing mortgages
for the hedge funds and investment houses who own the loans.
22. Loan servicers do not profit directly from interest payments made by
homeowners. Instead, these companies are paid a set fee for their loan administration
services. Servicing fees are usually earned as a percentage of the unpaid principal balance
of the mortgages that are being serviced. A typical servicing fee is approximately 0.50%
per year.
23. Additionally, under pooling and servicing agreements (“PSAs”) with
investors and noteholders, loan servicers assess fees on borrowers’ accounts for default-
related services. These fees include, inter alia, Broker’s Price Opinion (“BPO”) fees,
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appraisal fees, and title examination fees.
24. Under this arrangement, a loan servicer’s primary concern is not ensuring
that homeowners stay current on their loans. Instead, they are focused on minimizing any
costs that would reduce profit from the set servicing fee, and generating as much revenue
as possible from fees assessed against the mortgage accounts they service. As such, their
“business model . . . encourages them to cut costs wherever possible, even if [that]
involves cutting corners on legal requirements, and to lard on junk fees and in-sourced
expenses at inflated prices.”3
25. As one Member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
has explained:
While an investor’s financial interests are tied more or less directly to the performance of a loan, the interests of a third-party servicer are tied to it only indirectly, at best. The servicer makes money, to oversimplify it a bit, by maximizing fees earned and minimizing expenses while performing the actions spelled out in its contract with the investor. . . . The broad grant of delegated authority that servicers enjoy under pooling and servicing agreements (PSAs), combined with an effective lack of choice on the part of consumers, creates an environment ripe for abuse.
4
Ocwen’s Subprime Mortgage Servicing Business Grows Rapidly, and
Draws the Attention of Regulators
26. Seeking to capitalize on these circumstances, Ocwen has positioned itself as
a major player in the residential mortgage servicing industry. In fact, “Ocwen was the
3 See Adam J. Levitin, Robo-Singing, Chain of Title, Loss Mitigation, and Other Issues in
Mortgage Servicing, before the House Financial Services Committee, Subcommittee on
Housing and Community Opportunity, Nov. 18, 2010, available at
http://financialservices.house.gov/Media/file/hearings/111/Levitin111810.pdf (last visited
Feb. 1, 2012). 4 See Sarah Bloom Raskin, Member Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System,
Remarks at the National Consumer Law Center’s Consumer Rights Litigation Conference,
Boston Massachusetts, Nov. 12, 2010, available at
www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/speech/raskin20101112a.htm (last visited Jan. 23,
2012).
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fourth largest mortgage servicer in the United States in 2013, collecting payments on
nearly one out of every twenty home loans.”5
27. As larger banks have shifted their attention to servicing the mortgage loans of
their core customers -- i.e., prime loan borrowers who use their lending banks’ other
services -- Ocwen has focused on servicing loans obtained by non-prime, or credit
impaired, borrowers.
28. Elaborating on the tremendous growth in its servicing business in recent
years, Ocwen states:
Our residential servicing portfolio has grown from 351,595 residential loans with an aggregate [unpaid principal balance (“UPB”)] of $50.0 billion at December 31, 2009, to 2,861,918 residential loans with an aggregate UPB of $464.7 billion at December 31, 2013. Through acquisitions, we have substantially increased the share of our servicing portfolio that is made up of conventional (loans conforming to the underwriting standards of the government sponsored entities, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) (collectively, the GSEs and Agency), government insured (loans insured by the Federal Housing Authority (FHA) of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) or Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (collectively, government insured)) and prime non-Agency loans (loans generally conforming to the underwriting standards of the GSEs whose UPB exceeds the GSE loan limits, commonly referred to as jumbo loans). At December 31, 2013, these loans comprise 56.8% of the UPB of our servicing portfolio, up from 24.4% at December 31, 2012.
6
29. Ocwen goes on to explain that “[t]he mortgaged properties securing the
residential loans that [they] service are geographically dispersed throughout all 50 states,
5 See Karen Freifeld, Peter Rudegeair, and Andrew Hay, NY regulator suspects Ocwen
Financial of possible ‘self-dealing’, Reuters, Apr. 21, 2014, available at
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/21/ocwen-financial-letter-
idUSL2N0ND0R120140421 (last visited, Nov. 5, 2014). 6 Ocwen Financial Corp, SEC FORM 10-K (Period Ending Dec. 31, 2013), available at
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/873860/000144530514000799/a2013123110k.ht
m (last visited April 1, 2014).
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the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories.”7 The five largest concentrations of
properties, comprising approximately 39% of the loans serviced by Ocwen as of
December 31, 2013, are located in California, Florida, New York, Texas and New
Jersey.8 California has the largest concentration with 436,374 loans, approximately 15%
of the total number of loans serviced.9
30. Fueled by these increases in its residential servicing portfolio, Ocwen’s
revenue has jumped from $360 million in 2010 to a staggering $2 billion in 2013.10
31. Ocwen’s rapid growth and business practices have not gone unnoticed by
state regulators, including Benjamin Lawsky, Superintendent of New York’s Department
of Financial Services (the “Department”). As a result of a consent order entered into by
Lawsky’s office and Ocwen in late 2012, a compliance monitor was installed at Ocwen in
2013.11
Additionally, on or around February 6, 2014, Lawsky halted indefinitely Wells
Fargo’s transfer of approximately $39 billion in servicing rights to Ocwen.12
32. Speaking at the annual meeting of the New York Bankers Association in
February 2014, Lawsky cautioned that Ocwen’s explosive growth “raises red flags,” that
he sees “corners being cut” by non-bank servicers like Ocwen, and that Ocwen’s use of
7 Id.
8 Id.
9 Id.
10 James Sterngold and Saabira Chaudhuri, Ocwen to Restate Results After Accounting
Change, The Wall Street Journal, August 12, 2014, available at
http://online.wsj.com/articles/ocwen-financial-to-restate-some-results-1407852143 (last
visited, Nov. 5, 2014). 11
Michael Corkery, State Regulator Halts Deal Between Wells Fargo and Loan Servicer,
N.Y. Times, February 6, 2014, available at http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/02/06/new-
york-regulator-halts-mortgage-servicing-rights-deal/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0 (last
visited, Nov. 5, 2014). 12
Id.
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technology to handle distressed loans is “too good to be true.”13
33. Such concerns about Ocwen’s loan servicing practices are well-founded. For
companies like Ocwen, who are determined to maximize the money they earn from
servicing loans, the right to charge default-related service fees has opened the door to a
world of exploitation.
34. Taking full advantage of this opportunity for such explotation, Ocwen
formed an unlawful enterprise of affiliated companies, including Altisource, in order to
increase mortgage servicing revenues by fraudulently concealing marked-up fees for
default-related services on homeowners’ accounts.
Ocwen’s “Tangled Web Of Conflicts” and Self-Dealing
with Affiliated Company Altisource
35. To maximize profits, Ocwen assigns the complex task of administering the
millions of loans it services to computer software programs. The software programs are
designed to manage homeowners’ loan accounts and assess fees, according to protocols
and policies designed by the executives at Ocwen.
36. Prior to August 2009, Ocwen’s technology platforms were provided by the
Ocwen Solutions line of businesses, which consisted primarily of Ocwen’s former
unsecured collections and its residential fee-based loan processing businesses. These
businesses provided technological services across the full spectrum of the mortgage
lifecycle, from due diligence and underwriting to default processing and property
preservation, all the way up to collections and customer relationship management. OFC
developed this technology platform over a period of more than 20 years at a cost of more
13
Kate Berry, Lawsky Bashes Ocwen, Says Servicer’s Growth ‘Raises Red Flags,’
National Mortgage News, February 12, 2014, available at
http://www.nationalmortgagenews.com/mortgage-servicing/lawsky-bashes-ocwen-says-
servicers-growth-raises-red-flags-1041092-1.html?zkPrintable=true (last visited, Nov. 5,
2014).
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than $150 million.14
37. In order to allow Ocwen to focus on growing its core servicing business, on
August 10, 2009, Ocwen completed the distribution of the Ocwen Solutions line of
businesses via the spin-off of Altisource.15
As part of the separation, William C. Erbey --
Ocwen’s Chairman of the Board and the owner of 13% of Ocwen’s common stock -- also
became the Chairman of the Board for Altisource.16
38. As of June 30, 2014, Mr. Erbey owns approximately 27% of the common
stock of Altisource.17
He also has taken a very active role in the company. As Altisource
explains in its Form 10-K Statement, its success is “dependent” upon Mr. Erbey’s
services, and the loss of his services “could have a material adverse effect upon business,
operating results and financial conditions.”18
39. In fact, Ocwen and Altisource are so interconnected, that Altisource points to
its relationship with Ocwen as a potential “risk factor” to its business:
Given this close and continuing relationship with Ocwen, we
may encounter difficulties in obtaining and retaining other
customers who compete with Ocwen. Should these and other 14
Ocwen Financial Corp, SEC FORM 10-K (Period Ending Dec. 31, 2012), available at
http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/873860/000101905613000314/ocn_10k12a.htm
(last visited Sept. 9, 2013). 15
Altisource was originally incorporated on November 4, 1999 in Luxembourg as Ocwen
Luxembourg S.à r.l. See Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., SEC FORM 10-K (Period
Ending Dec. 31, 2012), available at http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462418/
000110465913009969/a13-2839_110k.htm (last visited Sept. 9, 2013). The entity was
renamed Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.à r.l. on May 12, 2009, and converted into
Altisource on June 5, 2009. Id. Prior to August 10, 2009, Altisource was a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Ocwen. Id. 16
Id. 17
Ocwen Financial Corp., SEC Form 10-Q (Period Ending June 30, 2014), available at
http://www.housingwire.com/ext/resources/files/Editorial/Documents/SEC-ABEA-
6F4AAO-873860-14-16.pdf (last visited October 23, 2014). 18
See Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., SEC FORM 10-K (Period Ending Dec. 31,
2012), available at http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462418/
000110465913009969/a13-2839_110k.htm (last visited Sept. 9, 2013).
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potential customers continue to view Altisource as part of
Ocwen or as too closely related to or dependent upon Ocwen,
they may be unwilling to utilize [Altisource’s] services, and
[Altisource’s] growth could be inhibited as a result.19
40. This “close and continuing relationship” between Ocwen and Altisource was
the subject of a letter Benjamin Lawsky, New York’s top bank regulator, sent to Ocwen
on February 26, 2014. In the letter, Lawsky addressed potential conflicts of interest
between Ocwen and Altisource:
The Department’s ongoing review of Ocwen’s mortgage
servicing practices has uncovered a number of potential
conflicts of interest between Ocwen and other public companies
with which Ocwen is closely affiliated. Indeed, the facts our
review has uncovered to date cast serious doubts on recent
public statements made by the company that Ocwen has a
“strictly arms-length business relationship” with those
companies. We are also concerned that this tangled web of
conflicts could create incentives that harm borrowers and push
homeowners unduly into foreclosure.
. . .
Pursuant to the December 4, 2012 Consent Order between
Ocwen and the Department, we have engaged an independent
on-site compliance monitor at Ocwen to conduct a
comprehensive review of Ocwen’s servicing operations. It is in
the course of the monitorship that we uncovered these potential
conflicts between and among Ocwen, Altisource Portfolio
Solutions, S.A. (“Altisource Portfolio”), Altisource Residential
Corporation, Altisource Asset Management Corporation, and
Home Loan Servicing Solutions Ltd. (together, the “affiliated
companies”), all of which are chaired by William C. Erbey, who
is also the largest shareholder of each and the Executive
Chairman of Ocwen.20
19
Id. 20
Letter from Benjamin M. Lawsky, Superintendent of Financial Services, New York
State Department of Financial Services, to Timothy Hayes, General Counsel, Ocwen
Financial Corporation (Feb. 26, 2014), available at
http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2014/pr140226-letter.pdf (last visited, Nov. 5, 2014).
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41. Lawsky’s letter noted that “Ocwen’s management owns stock or stock
options in the affiliated companies,” which “raises the possibility that management has the
opportunity and incentive to make decisions concerning Ocwen that are intended to
benefit the share price of the affiliated companies, resulting in harm to borrowers,
mortgage investors, or Ocwen shareholders as a result.”21
42. Lawsky’s review of Ocwen’s operations revealed that the company’s Chief
Risk Officer served in the same role for Altisource, and “reported directly to Mr. Erbey in
both capacities.”22
As Lawsky explained, Ocwen and Altisource’s joint Chief Risk
Officer “seemed not to appreciate the potential conflicts of interest posed by this dual role,
which was particularly alarming given his role as Chief Risk Officer.”23
Lawsky’s letter
further explains that the Chief Risk Officer told the on-site compliance monitor that
Ocwen “paid his entire salary, but he did not know and apparently never asked which
company paid his risk management staff.”24
Lawsky concluded that, while the Chief Risk
Officer has since been removed from his role at Altisource, “his and Ocwen’s failure to
affirmatively recognize this conflict demonstrates that the relationship between Ocwen
and the affiliated companies warrants further examination.”25
43. According to Lawsky, the Department’s “review of Ocwen’s mortgage
servicing practices . . . also found that Ocwen relies extensively on affiliated companies
for its information management system (from the programming of comment codes to
functioning as Ocwen’s IT help desk), as well as procurement of third party services,”
which “further demonstrates the interconnected nature of Ocwen’s relationship with the
affiliated companies.”26
21
Id. 22
Id. 23
Id. 24
Id. 25
Id. 26
Id.
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44. Indeed, following the separation in 2009, Ocwen is contractually obligated to
purchase mortgage and technology services from Altisource under service agreements that
extend through 2020.27
Ocwen is now Altisource’s largest customer, accounting for 60%
of Altisource’s total revenue in 2012.28
45. As part of the Department’s ongoing examination of Ocwen’s mortgage
servicing practices, in April 2014 Lawsky sent Ocwen another letter addressing
“conflicted business relationships” and “self-dealing” between Ocwen and Altisource.29
More specifically, Lawsky stated that:
One particularly troubling issue is the relationship between
Ocwen and Altisource Portfolio’s subsidiary, Hubzu, which
Ocwen uses as its principal online auction site for the sale of its
borrowers’ homes facing foreclosure, as well as investor-owned
properties following foreclosure. Hubzu appears to be charging
auction fees on Ocwen-serviced properties that are up to three
time times the fees charged to non-Ocwen customers
. . .
The relationship between Ocwen, Altisource Portfolio, and
Hubzu raises signficiant concerns regarding self-dealing. In
particular, it creates questions about whether those companies
are charging inflated fees through conflicted business
relationships, and thereby negatively impacting homeowners
and mortgage investors. Alternatively, if the lower fees are
necessary to attract non-Ocwen business on the open market, it
raises concerns about whether Ocwen-serviced properties are
27
Altisource Portfolio Solutions S.A., SEC FORM 10-K (Period Ending Dec. 31, 2012),
available at http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1462418/
000110465913009969/a13-2839_110k.htm (last visited Sept. 9 2012). 28
Id. 29
Letter from Benjamin M. Lawsky, Superintendent of Financial Services, New York
State Department of Financial Services, to Timothy Hayes, General Counsel, Ocwen
Financial Corporation (April 21, 2014), available at
http://www.housingwire.com/ext/resources/files/Editorial/Lawsky-Letter-to-Ocwen-RE-
Altisource-Hubzu.pdf (last visited, Nov. 5, 2014).
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being funneled into an uncompetitive platform at inflated
costs.30
46. On August 4, 2014, Lawsky sent yet another letter raising concerns about
Ocwen’s use of related companies to provide fee based services.31
As Lawsky explained,
“[b]ecause mortgage servicing presents the extraordinary circumstance where there is
effectively no customer to select a vendor for ancillary services, Ocwen’s use of related
companies to provide such services raises concerns about whether such transactions are
priced fairly and conducted at arms-length.”32
47. Once again, Lawsky’s August 2014 letter was particularly concerned with
transactions between Ocwen and “related” company Altisource:
[T]he Department has serious concerns about the apparently conflicted role played by Ocwen Executive Chairman William Erbey and potentially other Ocwen officers and directors in directing profits to Altisource, which is “related” to Ocwen but is formally a separate, publicly traded company. As you know, Mr. Erbey is Ocwen’s largest shareholder and is also the Chairman of and largest shareholder in Altisource. In fact, Mr. Erbey’s stake in Altisource is nearly double his stake in Ocwen: 29 percent versus 15 percent. Thus, for every dollar Ocwen makes, Mr. Erbey’s share is 15 cents, but for every dollar Altisource makes, his share is 29 cents.
The Department and its Monitor have uncovered a growing body of evidence that Mr. Erbey has approved a number of transactions with related companies, despite Ocwen’s and Altisource’s public claims -- including in SEC filings -- that he recuses himself from decisions involving related companies.
…
30
Id. 31
Letter from Benjamin M. Lawsky, Superintendent of Financial Services, New York
State Department of Financial Services, to Timothy Hayes, General Counsel, Ocwen
Financial Corporation (Aug. 4, 2014), available at
http://www.dfs.ny.gov/about/press2014/pr140804-ocwen-letter.pdf (last visited, Nov. 5,
2014). 32
Id.
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Finally, Ocwen and Altisource state in their public filings that rates charged under agreements with related companies are market rate, but Ocwen has not been able to provide the Monitor with any analysis to support this assertion.
33
48. Lawsky is not the only regulator raising questions about Ocwen’s business
dealings. According to OFC’s most recent filing with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”), on June 12, 2014 it received an SEC subpoena, in which the SEC
requested “production of various documents relating to [OFC’s] business dealings with
Altisource, HLSS, [Altisource Asset Management Corp], and Altisource Residential and
the interests of [OFC’s] directors and executive officers in these companies.”34
49. Despite the fact that Lawsky, the SEC, and other financial regulators have
raised significant concerns about the “tangled web of conflicts” between the entities,
Ocwen continuously, and systematically, engages in “self-dealing” transactions with
Altisource.
50. Accordingly, although Ocwen and Altisource technically are separate
entities, they are effectively joined together, as affiliated companies, operating as a
continuing unit with a common purpose.
Ocwen’s Scheme to Mark Up Fees for Default-Related Services
51. In its loan servicing operations, Ocwen follows a strategy to generate
fraudulently concealed default-related fee income. Rather than simply obtain default-
related services directly from independent third-party vendors, and charge homeowners
for the actual cost of these services, Ocwen has a policy, practice, and procedure of
marking up fees for default-related services on homeowners’ loan accounts. As a result,
even though the mortgage market has collapsed, and more and more borrowers are falling
into delinquency, Ocwen continues to earn substantial profits.
33
Id. (internal citations omitted). 34
Ocwen Financial Corp., SEC Form 10-Q (Period Ending June 30, 2014), available at
http://www.housingwire.com/ext/resources/files/Editorial/Documents/SEC-ABEA-
6F4AAO-873860-14-16.pdf (last visited October 23, 2014).
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52. Ocwen’s scheme works as follows: Ocwen directs Altisource to order and
coordinate default-related services, and, in turn, Altisource places orders for such services
with third-party vendors. The third-party vendors charge Altisource for the performance
of the default-related services, Altisource then marks up the price of the vendors’ services,
in numerous instances by 100% or more, before “charging” the services to Ocwen. In
turn, Ocwen bills the marked-up fees to homeowners.
53. Through this complex arrangement with Altisource, which is intended to
disguise the marked-up fees for default-related services, Ocwen effectively side-steps the
borrower protections in the mortgage contract.
54. The mortgage contract between a lender and a homeowner generally consists
of two documents: (i) the promissory note (the “Note”); and (ii) the mortgage/security
instrument/deed of trust (the “Deed of Trust”). The mortgage contacts serviced by Ocwen
are substantially similar because they conform to the standard Fannie Mae form contract.
The contract contains certain disclosures describing what is supposed to happen if
borrowers default on their loans.
55. The Deed of Trust discloses to homeowners that, in the event of default, the
loan servicer will:
pay for whatever is reasonable or appropriate to protect the note holder’s interest in the property and rights under the security instrument, including protecting and/or assessing the value of the property, and securing and/or repairing the property.
(emphasis added.)
56. The Deed of Trust further discloses that any such “amounts disbursed” by the
servicer to a third party shall become additional debt of the homeowner secured by the
Deed of Trust and shall bear interest at the Note rate from the date of “disbursement.”
(emphasis added.)
57. Additionally, the Note discloses to homeowners that with respect to
“Payment of the Note Holder’s Costs and Expenses,” if there is a default, the homeowner
will have to “pay back” costs and expenses incurred in enforcing the Note to the extent
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not prohibited by applicable law.
58. Thus, the mortgage contract discloses to homeowners that the servicer will
pay for default-related services when reasonably necessary, and will be reimbursed or
“paid back” by the homeowner for amounts “disbursed.” Nowhere is it disclosed to
borrowers that the servicer may engage in self-dealing to mark up the actual cost of those
services to make a profit. Nevertheless, that is exactly what Ocwen does.
59. BPOs are a significant category of third party default-related services for
which, in furtherance of Ocwen’s unlawful enterprise, fees are assessed on homeowners’
loan accounts with substantial, undisclosed mark-ups, fraudulently generating revenue in
the loan servicing business.
60. As discussed above, by charging marked-up fees for BPOs, Ocwen violates
the disclosures made to borrowers. Furthermore, the wrongful nature of the marked-up
fees is demonstrated by the fact that Ocwen conceals the marked-up profits assessed on
homeowners’ loan accounts.
61. Although Ocwen assesses fees for BPOs on borrowers’ accounts in the range
of $100 to $109, as of December 2010, under Fannie Mae guidelines, the maximum
reimbursable rate for an exterior BPO was $80,35
and in practice, the actual cost was much
less. According to the National Association of BPO Professionals, the actual cost of a
BPO may be as little as $30.36
62. Ocwen indisputably is aware that the actual cost of a BPO is significantly
less than the marked-up fee it assesses to borrowers.
63. In fact, Ocwen has a significant amount of experience in the BPO
marketplace. Beginning in mid-2000, Ocwen Federal Bank FSB (“Ocwen Bank”), a
35
See Fannie Mae, Broker Price Opinion Providers and Pricing Structure, available at
https://efanniemae.com/sf/guides/ssg/annltrs/pdf/2010/ntce121710a.pdf (last visited Feb.
1, 2012). 36
See National Association of BPO Professionals (NABPOP), Broker Price Opinion –
BPO Brief, available at http://www.nabpop.org/Advocacy-BPOBrief-2.php (last visited
Feb. 2, 2012).
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former wholly-owned subsidiary of OFC, began “selling” marked-up BPOs to Wall Street
firms acquiring large pools of underperforming loans.
64. Ocwen Bank’s in-house BPO shop was the subject of the litigation styled
Cartel Asset Management v. Ocwen Financial Corp., Case No. 1:01-cv-01644-REB-CBS
(D. Colo.) (“Cartel”). In Cartel, Cartel Asset Management, Inc. (“CAM”), a large
national BPO vendor, sued OFC, Ocwen Technology XChange, Inc., and Ocwen Bank for
theft of CAM’s trade secret -- a confidential list of experienced, responsive and competent
realtors who produced high-quality BPOs.37
Ocwen Bank facilitated this theft by secretly
copying the names and contact information of realtors identified on BPOs that it
purchased from CAM, and then embedding the stolen information into its own incomplete
database of BPO providers.38
65. In 2004, a jury awarded CAM compensatory and punitive damages.39
While
the judgment was on appeal, OFC dissolved Ocwen Bank and transferred the database
containing the stolen names and contact information to OLS, who continued to use and
profit from CAM’s trade secret. OLS was added as a defendant in Cartel after the Tenth
Circuit remanded for a new trial on damages. In September 2010, a jury returned a
verdict in CAM’s favor for more than $13.7 million in compensatory and punitive
damages based on the theft of the trade secret.40
This jury verdict covered the period up
through August 10, 2009, the date when OFC transferred the BPO product line and the
database to its affiliated company Altisource. As with OLS before it, Altisource has
continued to use and generate profits from CAM’s trade secret.
66. Notably, in Cartel, William C. Erbey, OFC’s Executive Chairman, offered
the following testimony, under penalty of perjury, concerning Ocwen Bank’s BPO
37
See Cartel, Case No. 1:01-cv-01644-REB-CBS, Dkt. 438 at 1-4 (D. Colo. Sept. 18,
2007). 38
Id. at 13-17. 39
Id. at 17-18. 40
Id., Dkt. 825.
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business:
[A]s of 2004, [Ocwen] Bank would pay an agent or broker approximately $45 to $50 to provide a BPO and then sell the BPO for a profit. A reviewed BPO would be sold for approximately $150 and an unreviewed BPO for approximately $70.
41
67. Despite knowing the actual cost of a BPO is approximately $50, Ocwen
routinely and repeatedly assesses borrowers BPO fees of $100 or more, representing a
100% mark-up, in clear violation of the mortgage contract.
68. Ocwen also assesses fees for services related to the examination of the title to
the property securing the loan, all of which are ordered through Altisource. These fees
typically appear as a “Title Search” fee, a “Title Report Fee,” or fees for “FC Thru Title
Searches” on homeowners’ monthly statements.
69. Upon information and belief, the title examination fees assessed by Ocwen
are significantly marked-up. For example, a title search fee typically ranges between
$150 and $450. Nevertheless, Ocwen routinely charges homeowners $829 for a “Title
Search.”
70. Using its enterprise -- comprised of affiliated companies, like Altisource, and
third party “property preservation” vendors -- and its automated mortgage loan
management system, Ocwen engaged in a scheme to fraudulently conceal and assess
unlawfully marked-up fees for default-related services on homeowners’ loan accounts,
cheating hundreds of thousands of borrowers out of hundreds of millions dollars.
Furthermore, to conceal its activities and mislead homeowners about the true nature of its
actions, Ocwen employed a corporate practice that omits the true nature of the fees that
are being assessed on homeowners’ loan accounts. These practices are common to all of
Ocwen’s files.
71. As a result of the practices of Ocwen’s unlawful enterprise, hundreds of
thousands of unsuspecting borrowers are cheated out of millions of dollars.
41
Id., Dkt. 438 at 25 (emphasis added).
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Ocwen Misapplies Borrowers’ Payments
72. For subprime servicers such as Ocwen, late fees alone constitute a significant
fraction of its total income and profit. As a result, Ocwen has an incentive to push
homeowners into default and keep them there.
73. Ocwen accomplishes this objective by, inter alia, misapplying homeowners’
payments, and then cascading their loan accounts with illicit late fees.
74. These unlawful late fees have forced many homeowners into default, opening
the flood gates for additional late fees and significant charges for defaulted-related
services. Over time, these egregious late fees and fees for default-related services can
total up to thousands of dollars, making it nearly impossible for homeowners to become
current on their loan.
75. Ocwen’s method of misapplying payments in order to charge innocent
borrowers thousands of dollars in fees and charges is a widespread practice.
76. Under the terms of Paragraph 2, “Application of Payments or Proceeds,” of
the Deed of Trust in the Fannie Mae a standard form mortgage contract, there is a
hierarchy in which funds from customer payments are to be applied. Specifically, funds
are to be applied in the following order: (1) interest due under the promissory note; (2)
principal due under the promissory note; (3) amounts due for any “escrow items”; (4) late
charges; and (5) fees for default-related services and other amounts. Escrow items are
generally defined as taxes or assessments which may take priority over the lender’s
interest in the property and premiums for insurance a homeowner is required to have
under the terms of the mortgage contract.
77. One way Ocwen misapplies payments is to divert a portion of the interest and
principal payments made by homeowners who pay their own property taxes and maintain
proper insurance to “escrow accounts.”
78. An escrow account is an account set up and controlled by a lender on behalf
of a homeowner to pay these “escrow items.” As mentioned above, a homeowners’
monthly payment cannot be diverted to an escrow account until that payment covers, in
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full, the borrowers interest and principal payment due in that given month.
79. Ocwen routinely violates the payment hierarchy contained in homeowners’
mortgage contracts and diverts customer payments away from principal and interest on
the loan.
80. As a result of this violation, homeowners who timely pay their own real
estate taxes and insurance premiums are denied the proper interest and principal credits
under the loan agreement. Ocwen instead diverts a portion of the funds (which end up not
being needed to pay escrow items) to an escrow account or flat out rejects the payment.
81. Ocwen’s failure to accept or properly credit homeowners’ payments to cover,
in full, their monthly interest and principal obligations forces homeowners into default.
Once in default, Ocwen then makes demands that these homeowners make significant
payments, which are riddled with unjust late and default-related service fees.
82. Additionally, when Ocwen forces homeowners who pay their own property
taxes and maintain their own insurance into default by misapplying their payments to an
escrow account, these homeowners are denied the ability to access the surplus in their
escrow account.
83. Under the terms of the loan agreement, Ocwen will refund homeowners their
surplus escrow funds only when their loan is paid in full.
84. Ocwen, in essence, is using the escrow account as one way to justify the late
and default-related fees it charges homeowners.
Homeowners Suffer Harm as a Result of Ocwen’s Practices
85. In addition to the direct monetary damages caused to homeowners, in the
form of the difference between the actual cost of the services provided and the marked-up
fees assessed on homeowners’ loan accounts, homeowners suffer other, less obvious
injuries as a result of the practices described herein.
86. The assessment of these marked-up fees can make it impossible for
homeowners to become current on their loan. Charges for such default-related services
can add hundreds or thousands of dollars to homeowners’ loans over time, driving them
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further into default.
87. When homeowners get behind on their mortgage, and fees for these default-
related services are stacked on to the past-due principal and interest payments, Ocwen’s
practices make it increasingly difficult for homeowners to ever bring their loan current.
Even if homeowners pay the delinquent principal and interest payments, the late and
default-related service fees ensure that homeowners stay in default. Although the next
payment comes in on time, often through automatic payment deductions from
homeowners’ bank accounts, part of the payment is applied to the fees first, so there is not
enough to cover the entire monthly payment. This makes that payment late, creating a
cascade of more fees, and more arrears, that keeps homeowners in delinquency. By the
time homeowners are aware, Ocwen is threatening to foreclose unless a huge payment is
made, and the weight of these marked-up fees drops homeowners into a financial abyss.
88. Additionally, as a result of Ocwen’s practices, which force homeowners to
move deeper into default, homeowners are driven into foreclosure.
Plaintiff’s Claims Against Ocwen
89. Plaintiff Weiner is a resident of Amador County, California.
90. Plaintiff Weiner originated his loan with Mylor Financial on December 10,
2003, for $322,700 at 6.5000%. His monthly interest and principal payment was
$2,039.68.
91. Prior to late 2012 or early 2013, GMAC serviced Plaintiff Weiner’s
mortgage. However, on or around late 2012 or early 2013, Ocwen took over the servicing
of Plaintiff Weiner’s mortgage.
92. Ocwen misapplied Plaintiff Weiner’s principal and interest payment to an
escrow account established after GMAC paid Plaintiff Weiner’s property taxes in 2010.
93. Plaintiff Weiner fully reimbursed GMAC in early 2011 for the property taxes
it paid. He also paid a $400 escrow fee. Following this incident, Plaintiff Weiner had
telephone conversations with GMAC staff where he arranged that he would pay his own
property taxes going forward. Plaintiff Weiner promised to provide timely proof of said
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payments.
94. Since making this arrangement, Plaintiff Weiner has paid in full all property
taxes associated with his property and has maintained the proper insurance required by his
mortgage contract. Plaintiff Weiner also has always provided Ocwen with timely notice
of his property tax payments.
95. Notwithstanding Plaintiff Weiner’s timely property tax and insurance
premium payments, Ocwen charges Plaintiff Weiner a fee of $600 per year for
maintaining an escrow account, and it has failed to properly apply his interest and
principal payments to his loan. Instead, Ocwen has diverted funds to his escrow account.
Although Ocwen has never once used it to pay property taxes or insurance, and Plaintiff
Weiner’s escrow account has a positive balance of more than $10,000. More recently,
Ocwen has flat out rejected Plaintiff Weiner’s interest and principal payments on the basis
that they are not sufficient to satisfy the defaulted amount on the loan, i.e., interest and
principal plus escrow fees.
96. By diverting a portion of Plaintiff Weiner’s interest and principal payments
to an escrow account, Ocwen has failed to properly credit Plaintiff Weiner’s account.
97. Ocwen’s failure to properly credit Plaintiff Weiner’s interest and principal
payments has burdened his account with unscrupulous fees and has forced his loan into
default.
98. Plaintiff Weiner not only has been denied the right to have his payments
applied correctly to his loan account, but he has also been unable to claim interest
deductions on his federal and state tax returns, refinance his loan, has been subjected to
harassing telephone calls, and has been under the constant fear of imminent foreclosure.
99. Because Ocwen has forced his loan into default, Plaintiff Weiner has been
denied access to the surplus in his escrow account.
100. Ocwen also continually assessed marked-up fees for default-related services
on the mortgage account of Plaintiff Weiner, thereby subjecting him to an invalid debt.
101. Ocwen assessed BPO fees of $109 and $100 on the mortgage account of
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Plaintiff Weiner on September 4, 2013 and February 27, 2014, respectively.
102. Ocwen also charged Plaintiff Weiner a series of title report, title search, and
other default-related service fees that are either not legally due under the mortgage
contract and applicable law, or that are in excess of amounts legally due.
103. Ocwen assessed a “Title Search” fee in the amount of $829 on the mortgage
account of Plaintiff Weiner on June 9, 2014.
104. Ocwen alone maintains a complete accounting of all fees assessed and paid,
and the details of each and every fee assessed and paid cannot be alleged with complete
precision without access to Ocwen’s records. Nevertheless, Plaintiff Weiner is informed
and believes, and on that basis alleges, that he paid some or all of the unlawful fees
assessed on his account.
STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS
105. Any applicable statutes of limitations have been tolled by Ocwen’s knowing
and active concealment, denial, and misleading actions, as alleged herein. Plaintiff and
members of the Class, as defined below, were kept ignorant of critical information
required for the prosecution of their claims, without any fault or lack of diligence on their
part. Plaintiff and members of the Class could not reasonably have discovered the true
nature of the Ocwen’s scheme.
106. Ocwen is under a continuous duty to disclose to Plaintiff and members of the
classes the true character, quality, and nature of the default-related service fees they assess
on borrowers’ accounts. Ocwen knowingly, affirmatively, and actively concealed, and
continues to conceal, the true character, quality, and nature of its assessment of marked-up
fees on homeowners’ loan accounts. Plaintiff and members of the Class reasonably relied
upon Ocwen’s knowing, affirmative, and active concealment. Based on the foregoing,
Ocwen is estopped from relying on any statutes of limitation as a defense in this action.
107. The causes of action alleged herein did or will only accrue upon discovery of
the true nature of the charges assessed against borrowers’ accounts, as a result of Ocwen’s
continuing fraudulent concealment of material facts. Plaintiff and members of the Class
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did not discover, and could not have discovered, through the exercise of reasonable
diligence, the true nature of the unlawful fees assessed against their accounts.
108. Legal scholars have explained that, as a result of these deceptive practices, it
is impossible for borrowers to determine that they are victims of these violations, because
“without a true itemization that identifies the nature of each fee, parties cannot verify that
a mortgage claim is correctly calculated . . . the servicer could be overreaching and
charging fees that are not permitted by law or by the terms of the contract. . . . By
obscuring the information needed to determine the alleged basis for the charges, servicers
thwart effective review of mortgage claims. The system can only function as intended if
complete and appropriate disclosures are made.”42
109. Additionally, judges examining similar conduct have found that, “[a]t the
heart of the problem is [the loan servicer’s] failure to disclose to its borrowers/debtors, the
trustee, or the Court, the nature or amount of fees and charges assessed . . . [l]ack of
disclosure facilitates the injury. Naive borrowers/debtors, trustees and creditors rightly
assume that [the loan servicer] is complying with the plain meaning of its notes,
mortgages, court orders and confirmed plans. Why would anyone assume otherwise? . . .
How are they to challenge a practice or demand correction of an error they do not know
exists.”43
CLASS ACTION ALLEGATIONS
110. Plaintiff brings this action, on behalf of himself and all others similarly
situated, as a class action under Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
111. The classes Plaintiff seeks to represent (collectively, the “Class”) are defined
as follows:
42
See Katherine Porter, Misbehavior and Mistake in Bankruptcy Mortgage Claims, 87
Tex. L. Rev. 121, 155 (2008). 43
See In re: Jones, 418 B.R. 687, 699 (E.D. La. 2009).
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All residents of the United States of America who had a loan
serviced by Ocwen, continuing through the date of final
disposition of this action (the “Class”).
All residents of the State of California who had a loan serviced
by Ocwen, continuing through the date of final disposition of
this action (the “California Subclass”).
112. Plaintiff reserves the right to amend the Class definitions if discovery and
further investigation reveals that the Class should be expanded or otherwise modified.
113. Plaintiff reserves the right to establish sub-classes as appropriate.
114. This action is brought and properly may be maintained as a class action
under the provisions of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 23(a)(1)-(4) and 23(b)(1), (b)(2)
or (b)(3), and satisfies the requirements thereof. As used herein, the term “Class
Members” shall mean and refer to the members of the Class.
115. Numerosity: While the exact number of members of the Class is unknown to
Plaintiff at this time and can only be determined by appropriate discovery, membership in
the Class is ascertainable based upon the records maintained by Ocwen. At this time,
Plaintiff is informed and believe that the Class includes hundreds of thousands of
members. Therefore, the Class is sufficiently numerous that joinder of all members of the
Class in a single action is impracticable under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule
23(a)(1), and the resolution of their claims through the procedure of a class action will be
of benefit to the parties and the Court.
116. Ascertainablity: Names and addresses of members of the Class are available
from Ocwen. Notice can be provided to the members of the Class through direct mailing,
publication, or otherwise using techniques and a form of notice similar to those
customarily used in consumer class actions arising under California state law and federal
law.
117. Typicality: Plaintiff’s claims are typical of the claims of the other members
of the Class which they seek to represent under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a)(3)
because each Plaintiff and each member of the Class has been subjected to the same
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deceptive and improper practices and has been damaged in the same manner thereby.
118. Adequacy: Plaintiff will fairly and adequately represent and protect the
interests of the Class as required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure Rule 23(a)(4).
Plaintiff is an adequate representative of the Class, because he has no interests which are
adverse to the interests of the members of the Class. Plaintiff is committed to the
vigorous prosecution of this action and, to that end, Plaintiff has retained counsel who are
competent and experienced in handling class action litigation on behalf of consumers.
119. Superiority: A class action is superior to all other available methods of the
fair and efficient adjudication of the claims asserted in this action under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 23(b)(3) because:
(a) the expense and burden of individual litigation make it economically
unfeasible for members of the Class to seek to redress their claims
other than through the procedure of a class action;
(b) if separate actions were brought by individual members of the Class,
the resulting duplicity of lawsuits would cause members to seek to
redress their claims other than through the procedure of a class action;
and
(c) absent a class action, Ocwen likely would retain the benefits of their
wrongdoing, and there would be a failure of justice.
120. Common questions of law and fact exist as to the members of the Class, as
required by Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(a)(2), and predominate over any questions
which affect individual members of the Class within the meaning of Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 23(b)(3).
121. The common questions of fact include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a) Whether Ocwen engaged in unlawful, unfair, misleading, or deceptive
business acts or practices in violation of California Business &
Professions Code sections 17200 et seq.;
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(b) Whether Ocwen’s practice of charging marked-up fees to borrowers,
as alleged herein, is illegal;
(c) Whether Ocwen’s practice of misapplying borrowers’ payments, as
alleged herein, is illegal;
(d) Whether Ocwen was a member of, or participant in, the conspiracy
alleged herein;
(e) Whether Ocwen engaged in a pattern or practice of racketeering, as
alleged herein;
(f) Whether documents and statements provided to Plaintiff and members
of the Class concealed material facts;
(g) Whether Plaintiff and members of the class sustained damages, and if
so, the appropriate measure of damages; and
(h) Whether Plaintiff and members of the Class are entitled to an award of
reasonable attorneys’ fees, pre-judgment interest, and costs of this suit.
122. In the alternative, this action is certifiable under the provisions of Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(1) and/or 23(b)(2) because:
(a) The prosecution of separate actions by individual members of the
Class would create a risk of inconsistent or varying adjudications with
respect to individual members of the Class which would establish
incompatible standards of conduct for Ocwen;
(b) The prosecution of separate actions by individual members of the
Class would create a risk of adjudications as to them which would, as a
practical matter, be dispositive of the interests of the other members of
the Class not parties to the adjudications, or substantially impair or
impede their ability to protect their interests; and
(c) Ocwen has acted or refused to act on grounds generally applicable to
the Class, thereby making appropriate final injunctive relief or
corresponding declaratory relief with respect to the Class as a whole
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and necessitating that any such relief be extended to members of the
Class on a mandatory, class-wide basis.
123. Plaintiff is not aware of any difficulty which will be encountered in the
management of this litigation which should preclude its maintenance as a class action
FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION
BROUGHT ON BEHALF OF THE CALIFORNIA SUBCLASS
Violation of California’s Unfair Competition Law (California Business & Professions Code §§ 17200 et seq.)
124. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
125. Plaintiff Weiner brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the
members of the California Subclass.
126. California Business and Professions Code section 17200 prohibits “any
unlawful, unfair or fraudulent business act or practice.” For the reasons described above,
Ocwen has engaged in unfair, or fraudulent business acts or practices in violation of
California Business and Professions Code sections 17200 et seq.
127. In the course and conduct of their loan servicing and collection, Ocwen
knowingly, affirmatively, and actively concealed the true character, quality, and nature of
their assessment of marked-up default-related service fees against borrowers’ accounts.
Relying on Ocwen, Plaintiff Weiner, and members of the California Subclass believe they
are obligated to pay the amounts specified in Ocwen’s communications.
128. In truth and in fact, borrowers are not obligated to pay the amounts that have
been specified in Ocwen’s communications concerning default-related services, including
BPOs and title searches. Ocwen disguises the fact that the amounts they represent as
being owed have been marked-up beyond the actual cost of the services, violating the
disclosures in the mortgage contract. Contrary to Ocwen’s communications, they are not
legally authorized to assess and collect these marked-up fees.
129. Ocwen’s knowing, affirmative, and active concealment, as set forth herein,
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constitutes an “unlawful” practice because it violates Title 18 United States Code sections
1341, 1343, and 1962, as well as California Civil Code sections 1572, 1573, 1709, 1710,
and 1711, California’s Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, and the common
law.
130. Ocwen’s practice of misapplying borrowers payment, thereby breaching
borrowers’ mortgage contracts, also constitutes an “unlawful” practice in violation of
California Business and Professions Code sections 17200 et seq.
131. Ocwen’s knowing, affirmative, and active concealment, as set forth herein,
also constitute “unfair” business acts and practices within the meaning of California
Business and Professions Code sections 17200 et seq., in that Ocwen’s conduct was
injurious to consumers, offended public policy, and was unethical and unscrupulous.
Plaintiff Weiner also asserts a violation of public policy by concealing material facts from
consumers. Ocwen’s violation of California’s consumer protection and unfair
competition laws in California resulted in harm to consumers.
132. There were reasonable alternatives available to Ocwen to further their
legitimate business interests, other than the conduct described herein.
133. California Business and Professions Code section 17200 also prohibits any
“fraudulent business act or practice.” Ocwen’s concealment of material facts, as set forth
above, was false, misleading, or likely to deceive the public within the meaning of
California Business and Professions Code section 17200. Ocwen’s concealment was
made with knowledge of its effect, and was done to induce Plaintiff Weiner and members
of the California Subclass to pay the marked-up default related service fees.
134. Plaintiff Weiner and members of the California Subclass relied on their
reasonable expectation that Ocwen would comply with the disclosures set forth in the
mortgage agreement, Notes, and Deeds of Trust, and as a result, Plaintiff Weiner and
members of the California Subclass relied on Ocwen’s disclosures about the fees on their
statements, reasonably believing the default-related service fees to be valid charges that
were not marked-up. Indeed, to lull borrowers into a sense of trust and dissuade them
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from challenging Ocwen’s unlawful fee assessment, Ocwen concealed their scheme from
borrowers by telling them, in statements and other documents, that such fees are in
accordance with the terms of their mortgage. Had the true nature of the fees been
disclosed to Plaintiff Weiner and the members of the California Subclass, they would
have been aware of the mark-ups and Plaintiff Weiner and the members of the California
Subclass would have disputed the charges and not paid them.
135. Plaintiff Weiner and the members of the California Subclass have been
injured in fact and suffered a loss of money or property as a result of Ocwen’s fraudulent,
unlawful, and unfair business practices. Plaintiff Weiner and the members of the
California Subclass would not have paid Ocwen’s unlawful fees or they would have
challenged the assessment of such fees on their accounts had it not been for Ocwen’s
concealment of material facts.
136. Ocwen has thus engaged in unlawful, unfair, and fraudulent business acts
entitling Plaintiff Weiner and the members of the California Subclass to judgment and
equitable relief against Ocwen, as set forth in the Prayer for Relief.
137. Additionally, under Business and Professions Code section 17203, Plaintiff
Weiner and members of the California Subclass seek an order requiring Ocwen to
immediately cease such acts of unlawful, unfair, and fraudulent business practices, and
requiring Ocwen to correct its actions.
SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION
Violations of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (18 U.S.C. § 1962(c))
138. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
139. Plaintiff brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the members of
the Class.
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THE ENTERPRISE
140. Defendants OFC and OLS are “persons” within the meaning of Title 18
United States Code section 1961(3).
141. At all relevant times, in violation of Title 18 United States Code section
1962(c), Ocwen, including their directors, employees, and agents, along with Altisource
and Ocwen’s property preservation vendors conducted the affairs of an associated-in-fact
enterprise, as that term is defined in Title 18 United States Code section 1961(4) (the
“Ocwen Enterprise”). The affairs of the Ocwen Enterprise affected interstate commerce
through a pattern of racketeering activity.
142. The Ocwen Enterprise is an ongoing, continuing group or unit of persons and
entities associated together for the common purpose of limiting costs and maximizing
profits by fraudulently concealing assessments for unlawfully marked-up fees for default-
related services on homeowners’ loan accounts.
143. While the members of the Ocwen Enterprise participate in and are part of the
enterprise, they also have an existence separate and distinct from the enterprise. The
Ocwen Enterprise has a systematic linkage because there are contractual relationships,
agreements, financial ties, and coordination of activities between Ocwen, Altisource, and
the vendors that perform the default-related services.
144. Operating the Ocwen Enterprise according to policies and procedures
developed and established by its executives, Ocwen controls and directs the affairs of the
Ocwen Enterprise and uses the other members of the Ocwen Enterprise as
instrumentalities to carry out Ocwen’s fraudulent scheme.
145. These policies and procedures established by Ocwen’s executives include:
funneling default-related services through its affiliated company, Altisource, to disguise
unlawful mark-ups of services provided by third parties; providing statements that conceal
the true nature of the marked-up default related service fees; using mortgage loan
management software designed to assess undisclosed marked-up fees on borrowers
accounts; and failing to provide borrowers with accurate documentation to support
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assessments of fees for BPOs.
146. By developing and implementing policies and procedures leading to the
repeated, and unlawful, assessment of marked-up fees for default-related services, Ocwen
engaged in the conduct of the Ocwen Enterprise distinct from Ocwen’s own affairs as a
loan servicer.
THE PREDICATE ACTS
147. The Ocwen Enterprise’s systematic scheme to fraudulently conceal
unlawfully marked-up third party fees on the mortgage accounts of homeowners who
have mortgage loans administered by Ocwen, as described above, was facilitated by the
use of the United States Mail and wire. The Ocwen Enterprise’s scheme constitutes
“racketeering activity” within the meaning of Title 18 United States Code section 1961(1),
as acts of mail and wire fraud, under Title 18 United States Code sections 1341 and 1343.
148. In violation of Title 18 United States Code sections 1341 and 1343, the
Ocwen Enterprise utilized the mail and wire in furtherance of their scheme to defraud
borrowers whose loans are serviced by Ocwen by obtaining money from borrowers using
false or fraudulent pretenses.
149. Through the mail and wire, the Ocwen Enterprise provided mortgage
invoices, loan statements, payoff demands, or proofs of claims to homeowners,
affirmatively demanding that homeowners pay marked-up fees for default-related
services. Defendants also accepted payments and engaged in other correspondence in
furtherance of their scheme through the mail and wire.
150. The Ocwen Enterprise fraudulently and unlawfully assessed marked-up
default-related service fees in violation of the disclosures made in homeowners’ mortgage
agreements.
151. Furthermore, to lull homeowners into a sense of trust and dissuade them from
challenging Ocwen’s unlawful fee assessment, Ocwen concealed their scheme from
borrowers by telling them, in statements and other documents, that such fees are in
accordance with the terms of their mortgage.
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152. The mortgage invoices, loan statements, or proofs of claims provided to
borrowers disguised the fact that the default-related service fees assessed on homeowners’
accounts were marked-up. By disguising the true nature of amounts purportedly owed in
communications to borrowers, the Ocwen Enterprise made false statements using the
Internet, telephone, facsimile, United States mail, and other interstate commercial carriers.
153. This fraudulent concealment was material to Plaintiff and the members of the
Class. Had the Ocwen Enterprise disclosed the true nature of the fees for default-related
services, Plaintiff would have been aware of the mark-up, and would have challenged
Ocwen’s unlawful fee assessments or would not have paid them.
154. Each of these acts constituted an act of mail fraud for purposes of Title 18
United States Code section 1341.
155. Additionally, using the Internet, telephone, and facsimile transmissions to
fraudulently communicate false information about these fees to borrowers, to pursue and
achieve their fraudulent scheme, the Ocwen Enterprise engaged in repeated acts of wire
fraud in violation of Title 18 United States Code section 1343.
156. The Ocwen Enterprise’s knowledge that its activities were fraudulent and
unlawful is evidenced by, among other things, the fact that they concealed the marked-up
nature of the default-related service fees in their communications to borrowers.
157. The predicate acts specified above constitute a “pattern of racketeering
activity” within the meaning of Title 18 United States Code section 1961(5) in which the
Ocwen Enterprise have engaged under Title 18 United States Code section 1962(c).
158. All of the predicate acts of racketeering activity described herein are part of
the nexus of the affairs and functions of the Ocwen Enterprise racketeering enterprise.
The racketeering acts committed by the Ocwen Enterprise employed a similar method,
were related, with a similar purpose, and they involved similar participants, with a similar
impact on the members of the Class. Because this case is brought on behalf of a class of
similarly situated borrowers and there are numerous acts of mail and wire fraud that were
used to carry out the scheme, it would be impracticable for Plaintiff to plead all of the
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details of the scheme with particularity. Plaintiff cannot plead the precise dates of all of
the Ocwen Enterprise’s uses of the mail and wire because this information cannot be
alleged without access to the Ocwen Enterprise’s records.
159. The pattern of racketeering activity is currently ongoing and open-ended, and
threatens to continue indefinitely unless this Court enjoins the racketeering activity.
160. Numerous schemes have been completed involving repeated unlawful
conduct that by its nature, projects into the future with a threat of repetition.
161. As a direct and proximate result of these violations of Title 18 United States
Code sections 1962(c) and (d), Plaintiff and members of the class have suffered
substantial damages. Members of the Ocwen Enterprise are liable to Plaintiff and
members of the Class for treble damages, together with all costs of this action, plus
reasonable attorney’s fees, as provided under Title 18 United States Code section 1964(c).
THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION
Violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, Conspiracy to Violate Title 18 United States Code section 1962(c)
(18 U.S.C. § 1962(d))
162. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
163. Plaintiff brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the members of
the Nationwide Class.
164. As set forth above, in violation of Title 18 United States Code section
1962(d), Defendants conspired to violate the provisions of Title 18 United States Code
section 1962(c).
165. As set forth above, Ocwen, having directed and controlled the affairs of the
the Ocwen Enterprise, was aware of the nature and scope of the enterprise’s unlawful
scheme, and they agreed to participate in it.
166. As a direct and proximate result, Plaintiff and the members of the Class have
been injured in their business or property by the predicate acts which make up the Ocwen
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Enterprise’s patterns of racketeering activity in that marked-up fees for default-related
services were assessed on their mortgage accounts.
FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION
BROUGHT ON BEHALF OF THE CALIFORNIA SUBCLASS
Violations of the Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(California Civil Code §§ 1788, et seq.)
167. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
168. Defendants are “debt collectors” within the meaning of California Civil Code
section 1788.2(c), because Defendants sent mortgage bills to Plaintiff and members of the
California Subclass, Plaintiff and members of the California Subclass made their
mortgage payments to Defendants, Defendants accepted those payments, and Defendants
made demands for payment, including the payment of marked-up fees for default-related
services, by sending letters, making telephone calls, and other attempts to collect
mortgage payments and fees.
169. The marked-up fees for default-related services purportedly owed by Plaintiff
and members of the California Subclass are a “debt” within the meaning of California
Civil Code section 1788.2(d), because they are “money, property or their equivalent
which [are] due or owing or alleged to be due or owing from a natural person to another
person.”
170. As alleged herein, and as set forth in detail above, Defendants have
committed violations of the Rosenthal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, California Civil
Code section 1788, et seq. (“RFDCPA”), which incorporates by reference, and requires
compliance with, the provisions of the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act
(“FDCPA), 15 U.S.C. § 1692
171. The FDCPA and, therefore, the RFDCPA, prohibits a debt collector from
using “any false, deceptive, or misleading representation or means in connection with the
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collection of any debt.” 15 U.S.C. § 1692e
172. Defendants knowingly, affirmatively, and actively concealed and suppressed
material facts, namely the fact that Defendants assessed borrowers’ accounts for marked-
up default-related services. Contrary to Ocwen’s communications, they are not legally
authorized to assess and collect these marked-up fees.
173. Pursuant to California Civil Code sections 1788.17 and 1788.30, Plaintiff and
members of the California Subclass are entitled to recover actual damages sustained as a
result of Defendants’ violations of the RFDCPA. Such damages include, without
limitation, monetary losses and damages. Additionally, because Defendants’ violations of
the RFDCPA were committed willingly and knowingly, Plaintiff and members of the
California Subclass are entitled to recover penalties of up to $1,000 per violation as
provided for in the RFDCPA.
174. Pursuant to California Civil Code sections 1788.17 and 1788.30, Plaintiff and
the California Subclass are entitled to recover all attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses
incurred in the bringing of this action.
FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION
Unjust Enrichment
175. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
176. Plaintiff brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the members of
the Class.
177. By their wrongful acts and omissions of material facts, Ocwen was unjustly
enriched at the expense of Plaintiff and members of the Class.
178. The mortgage contract with borrowers like Plaintiff and the members of the
Class discloses that Ocwen will pay for default-related services when necessary, and they
will be reimbursed by the homeowner. Nowhere in the mortgage contract is it disclosed
that Ocwen may mark-up the actual cost of those services to make a profit.
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179. Nevertheless, Ocwen marks-up the prices charged by vendors, often by 100%
or more, and then, assesses borrowers’ accounts for the higher, marked-up fee so that
Ocwen can earn a profit.
180. Furthermore, to lull homeowners into a sense of trust and dissuade them from
challenging Ocwen’s unlawful fee assessment, Ocwen further conceals their scheme from
borrowers by telling them, in statements and other documents, that such fees are in
accordance with the terms of their mortgage.
181. Thus, Plaintiff and members of the Class were unjustly deprived.
182. It would be inequitable and unconscionable for Ocwen to retain the profit,
benefit and other compensation they obtained from their fraudulent, deceptive, and
misleading conduct alleged herein.
183. Plaintiff and members of the Class seek restitution from Ocwen, and seek an
order of this Court disgorging all profits, benefits, and other compensation obtained by
Ocwen from their wrongful conduct.
SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION
Fraud
184. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
185. Plaintiff brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the members of
the Nationwide Class.
186. Plaintiff reasonably expected that Ocwen would comply with the disclosures
set forth in the mortgage agreement, Notes, Deeds of Trust, and as a result, Plaintiff relied
on Ocwen’s disclosures about the fees on their statements, reasonably believing the
default-related service fees to be valid charges that were not marked-up.
187. To lull homeowners into a sense of trust and dissuade them from challenging
Ocwen’s unlawful fee assessment, Ocwen concealed their scheme from borrowers by
telling them, in statements and other documents, that such fees are in accordance with the
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terms of their mortgage.
188. Had the true nature of the fees been disclosed to Plaintiff and members of the
Class, they would have been aware of the mark-up, and Plaintiff would have disputed the
charges and not paid them.
189. As a result of Ocwen’s fraudulent concealment, Plaintiff and members of the
Class have been injured in fact and suffered a loss of money or property. Plaintiff and
members of the Nationwide Class would have challenged the assessment of such fees on
their accounts had it not been for Ocwen’s concealment of material facts.
190. Ocwen concealed material facts, as discussed above, with knowledge of the
effect of concealing of these material facts. Ocwen knew that by misleading consumers,
they would generate higher profits.
191. Plaintiff and members of the Nationwide Class justifiably relied upon
Ocwen’s knowing, affirmative, and active concealment. By concealing material
information about their scheme to assess marked-up default-related service fees on
borrowers’ accounts, Ocwen intended to induce Plaintiff and members of the Nationwide
Class into believing that they owed Ocwen money that it was not actually entitled to.
192. Ocwen acted with malice, oppression, or fraud.
193. As a direct and proximate result of Ocwen’s omissions and active
concealment of material facts, Plaintiff and each member of the Nationwide Class has
been damaged in an amount according to proof at trial.
SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION
Breach of Contract
194. Plaintiff incorporates by reference in this cause of action each and every
allegation of the preceding paragraphs, with the same force and effect as though fully set
forth herein.
195. Plaintiff brings this cause of action on behalf of himself and the members of
the Nationwide Class.
196. Ocwen assumed the obligations of Plaintiff’s mortgage agreement, and the
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mortgage agreement of all Class members, when it took over the servicing of their loans.
197. Plaintiff satisfied his obligations under the mortgage agreement by making
timely payments of principal and interest.
198. Ocwen is in breach of contract by misapplying payments submitted by
Plaintiff and members of the Class, placing such payments in suspense accounts without
authorization by the mortgage agreements, and assessing late fees not authorized under
the mortgage agreement.
199. Ocwen knew or should have known that misapplying timely payments was
and continues to be a material breach of homeowners’ mortgage agreements.
200. Ocwen is in further breach of contract by treating Plaintiff and members of
the Class as if they were in default due to the misapplied payments, when, in fact, Plaintiff
and members of the Class are not delinquent under the mortgage agreement.
201. As a proximate result of Ocwen’s breaches, Plaintiff and members of the
Class have suffered compensatory damages in an amount to be proven at trial.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
Plaintiff, and on behalf of himself and the Class of all others similarly situated,
requests that the Court to enter judgment against Ocwen, as follows:
1. Certifying the Class, as requested herein, certifying Plaintiff as the
representative of the Class, and appointing Plaintiff’s counsel as counsel for the Class;
2. Ordering that Ocwen is financially responsible for notifying all members of
the Class of the alleged fraudulent concealment discussed herein;
3. Awarding Plaintiff and the members of the Class compensatory damages in
an amount according to proof at trial;
4. Awarding restitution and disgorgement of Ocwen’s revenues or profits to
Plaintiff and members of the Class;
5. Awarding Plaintiff and the members of the Class treble damages in an
amount according to proof at trial;
6. Awarding declaratory and injunctive relief as permitted by law or equity,
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
including: enjoining Ocwen from continuing the unlawful practices as set forth herein,
and directing Ocwen to identify, with Court supervision, victims of its conduct and pay
them restitution and disgorgement of all monies acquired by Ocwen by means of any act
or practice declared by this Court to be wrongful;
7. Ordering Ocwen to engage in corrective advertising;
8. Awarding interest on the monies wrongfully obtained from the date of
collection through the date of entry of judgment in this action;
9. Awarding attorneys’ fees, expenses, and recoverable costs reasonably
incurred in connection with the commencement and prosecution of this action; and
10. For such other and further relief as the Court deems just and proper.
Dated: November 5, 2014 BARON & BUDD, P.C.
By: /s/ Mark Pifko Mark Pifko Daniel Alberstone (SBN 105275)
Roland Tellis (SBN 186269)
Mark Pifko (SBN 228412)
Michael Isaac Miller (SBN 266459)
BARON & BUDD, P.C.
15910 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 1600
Encino, California 91436
Telephone: (818) 839-2333 Facsimile: (818) 986-9698
Philip F. Cossich, Jr. (to be admitted pro hac vice)
David A. Parsiola (to be admitted pro hac vice)
COSSICH, SUMICH, PARSIOLA & TAYLOR, L.L.C.
8397 Highway 23, Suite 100
Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037
Telephone: (504) 394-9000
Facsimile: (504) 394-9110
Attorneys for Plaintiff DAVID WEINER, individually, and on
behalf of other members of the public
similarly situated
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CLASS ACTION COMPLAINT
DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL
Plaintiff hereby demands a trial of his claims by jury to the extent authorized by
law.
Dated: November 5, 2014 BARON & BUDD, P.C.
By: /s/ Mark Pifko Mark Pifko Daniel Alberstone (SBN 105275)
Roland Tellis (SBN 186269)
Mark Pifko (SBN 228412)
Michael Isaac Miller (SBN 266459)
BARON & BUDD, P.C.
15910 Ventura Boulevard, Suite 1600
Encino, California 91436
Telephone: (818) 839-2333 Facsimile: (818) 986-9698
Philip F. Cossich, Jr. (to be admitted pro hac vice)
David A. Parsiola (to be admitted pro hac vice)
COSSICH, SUMICH, PARSIOLA & TAYLOR, L.L.C.
8397 Highway 23, Suite 100
Belle Chasse, Louisiana 70037
Telephone: (504) 394-9000
Facsimile: (504) 394-9110
Attorneys for Plaintiff DAVID WEINER, individually, and on
behalf of other members of the public
similarly situated
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