sensors

INPUTS

OUTPUTSactuators

light

VISUALIZATIONSENVIRONMENT

PRODUINO 2015 Ramin Shambayati / Carmen Aguilar y Wedge

Arduino + Processing

What is Physical Computing?Physical computing is an approach to learning how humans communicate through computers, that starts by considering how humans express themselves physically. We will be building active and interactive physical systems by the use of software and hardware that can sense and respond to the analog world. Good physical interaction should be understandable, enjoyable, useful and meaningful to everyone in general.

arduino

introduction to:

intro

DIYOpen Source

Open Source = FREE

Arduino, processing, fritzing, github and many other applications are free to download and use.

*Credit the original owner of the material you have used or modified in a project!

www.opensource.org/

Tinker

Hack

Remix

Modify

Learn

Teach

Share

Credit

intro

intro

Q: What is a Microcontroller? A: A microcontroller is a baby CPU (central processing unit). It operates much slower and is only capable of doing one process at a time. It runs one code at a time until you reprogram it to run a

different code.

pins read data from sensors and transmit data to hardware

Microcontrollers are everywhere:

Intel 4004: 1971. first commercially available microprocessor

Microcontrollers

Apollo Guidance Computer - 1968

Basic StampPIC

introMicrocontrollers

Sounds easy right?

With the vast amount of ex-amples and tutorials just a click away, it usually is.

Q: What is Arduino?A: It is an “open-source electronic prototyping platform allowing users to create interactive electronic objects.” by making hardware and software easy to use together.

introArduino

physical computing 2015

smart citizen-iaac

projectsWhat is Possible?

basicsHardware

OFFICIAL ARDUINO HARDWAREwww.arduino.cc/en/Main/Products?from=Main.Hardware

Entry Level / Kits Enhanced Features

Wearables

Retired

Internet of Things

3D Printing

basics

ARDUINO-COMPATIBLE MICROCONTROLLERS

Raspberry PiT.I. BeagleBone Black

Adafruit Flora

SparkFun RedBoardIntel Edison

DF Robot Bluno

hardware

basics

SHIELDSshieldlist.org

Hardware

basicsToolbox

UNO

ANALOGUE IN [A0 - A5]these pins take analogue values (i.e., voltage readings from a sen-sor) and convert them into a number

between 0 and 1023.

These can be digital inputs or out-puts, which is specified by the sketch

you create.DIGITAL IO [0 - 13]

ANALOGUE OUT[3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11]

Six of the digital pins that can be reprogrammed for analogue output.

Analog+Digital Pins

Ground

Digital I/O Pins (2-13)

Serial In (RX)

Serial Out (TX)

Analog Reference

(I2C) SDA - Data line

(I2C) SCL - Clock line

Ground

Analog Input Pins (0-5)

Voltage In (7-12V)5V Output3.3V Output

Reset Pin

USB Plug

Power Supply(7-12V)

www.arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardUnoforos.giltesa.com/otros/arduino/fc/docs/pinout/uno.jpg

Reset Button

Atmega 328Microcontroller

In-CircuitSerial Programmer

UNOPinout Guide

Digital = ON or OFFAnalog = continuous signal

DIGITAL(on / off)

ANALOG(less / more)

INPUTS OUTPUTS

digitalReadHIGH or LOW255 or 0

analogRead0 to 1023

digitalWriteHIGH or LOW255 or 0

analogWritePWM

0 to 255

digitalvs.analog

input

digitalRead

output

digitalWrite

digitalRead()

digitalRead(pin);LOW/HIGH or 0/255

digitalWrite()

digitalWrite(pin, value);LOW/HIGH or 0/255

5 Volts

0 Volts0 LOW(0)

HIGH(255)1

www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalReadwww.arduino.cc/en/Reference/DigitalWrite

digitalvs.analog

analogRead()

analogRead(pin);0 - 1023

10 bit analog to digital converter (ADC)www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/AnalogRead

Time

Time

Sample Times

Digitaloutput

Analoginput

0V

0

5V

1023

digitalvs.analog

analogWrite()

analogWrite(value, pin);0 - 255

Pulse Width Modulation (~PWM pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11)www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/PWM

0V

0V

0V

0V

0V

5V

5V

5V

5V

5V

0% Duty Cycle - analogWrite(0)

25% Duty Cycle - analogWrite(64)

50% Duty Cycle - analogWrite(127)

75% Duty Cycle - analogWrite(191)

100% Duty Cycle - analogWrite(255)

digitalvs.analog

When do we use?

digitalRead() - push button, sensors

digitalWrite() - actuator on/off

analogRead() - sensor values

analogWrite() - range of actuation

digitalvs.analog

Sensor | inputdevice that allows to transduce a physical parameter to an electrical signal.

Actuator | outputdevice that allows transducing an electrical signal into a physical parameter.

the interactive device

sensors &actuators

The kit you buy (or make) will include sensors and actuators. You can think of them as inputs and outputs.

sensors: Light, temperature, tilt, button, proximity, potentiometer, accelerometer, microphone, capacitive touch, force, piezo, muscle etc.

actuators: motors, leds, sound, solenoids etc.

https://www.sparkfun.com/categories/23?page=all

the kit

sensors &actuators

download and install the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment)

www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

The Arduino programming cycle:

1) Plug your board into a USB port on your computer

2) Write a sketch that will bring the board to life.

3) Upload this sketch to the board through USB connector and wait a couple of seconds for the board to restart.

4) The board executes the sketch you wrote.

softwareArduino IDE

connect LED to the ArduinoCathode (negative) shorter lead - GNDAnode (positive) longer lead - Pin 13

File > Examples > 01.Basics > Blink

2) Verify“Done compiling”

3) UploadResets board, sends & stores sketch on board.“Done uploading”

1) Your sketch goes here

Once the code is in your Arduino board, it will stay there until you put another sketch on it. The sketch will survive if the board is reset or turned off, a bit like the data on your computer’s hard drive.

software“Hello World”Blinking LED

circuitsbreadboard

the breadboard: solderless circuit board (aka protoboard)

power

ground

temporary circuit board for testing and prototyping circuits, no soldering is done on the board, this mean

it is faster and easier to prototype circuits

breadboard hacks

circuitsBlinking LED on breadboard

LEDresistor

Ground Pin 13 (power)

LED Circuit

diagram made with fritzing.org/download

circuits

CIRCUIT a closed, never-ending loop of conductive material. Simple circuits exist, but useful circuits are a mix of wire connecting components controlling the flow of electricity. Complete circuits only work when there are no gaps.

LIVE The live or hot wire carries the incoming electricity.

GROUND earth is the from which voltage is measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.

circuitsOhm’s Law

Voltage | Volts (V)the difference in charge between two points(water pressure that can potentially be produced by pump)

Current | Amperes (I)the rate at which charge is flowing.(water flow through the pipes)

ResistanceR (Ohms)a material’s tendency to resist current.(valve’s effect on water flow, which in turn affects turning of wheel)

circuitsWhy resistors?

Calculating Resistance - The resistor is your friend!

The Arduino provides 5V @ MAX 40mA per pin.

Our LED should run at 1.8V @ 20mA (see datasheet) So if we plug it in to the Arduino for too long we risk overruning it we eventually burn it.

Resistors reduce the current that flows across them and are useful for making sure our components aren’t overloaded with too much current.

Let’s use these values in our calculation.

V = (source voltage) – (forward voltage) = 5V – 1.8V = 3.2 VI = 25 mA = 25/1000 = 0.025 A

We need to find R.

V = I*RR = V/I

R = 3.2/0.025 = 128 Ohms.

We need to use 128 Ohm resistor, but why do we use a 220 Ohm one?

The next lowest resistor we have is 100 Ohms, which risks being too little, therefore better safe than sorry and use the next available value, 220. The higher the resistance the dimmer the bulb will get, but it will last longer.

datasheets

resistancecalculator

http://www.digikey.es/en/resources/conversion-calculators/conversion-calculator-resistor-color-code-4-band

codesetup / loop

1) Make the on-board LED turn on for 3 seconds then off for 5 seconds only once, then continuously turn on for 10 seconds and off for 7 seconds.

2) Make the on-board LED turn off while an external LED turns on, continuously for 4 seconds.

3) Make an external LED shine at half-brightness.

assignment

Read Getting Started with Arduino, to end of Chapter 4.

Build pushbutton with LED circuit(examples 2, 3A, 3B, 3C)

Bonus. Tweak one the examples

{Remember!}*make your work portable.

*use the tools as an extension of your will.

Shops in BarcelonaOnda Radio DiotronicRo-BoticaBCN Dynamics

On-Line Shops near Barcelona (2-4 day shipping)Cooking HacksBricoGeek Reflexiona ElectanBotigaGRN

InternationalSparkFunAdafruit DigiKeySeeed StudioRobotShopDF Robot

Tutorials

learn.adafruit.com 123d.circuits.io/lab

learn.sparkfun.com

arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/HomePage

bildr.org

resources+ reference

it’s a trap!

Ramin ShambayatiCarmen Aguilar y Wedge

proArd_2015.